The document discusses the historical background and legal framework of gender and development (GAD). It outlines the four main theoretical approaches to GAD - welfare approach, women in development, women and development, and gender and development. It provides timelines of important UN conventions, declarations, and events that helped establish policies promoting gender equality and women's rights. The legal framework includes Philippine laws such as the Magna Carta of Women that mandate government compliance with GAD principles.
This document discusses gender and development. It defines sex as a biological characteristic and gender as a social construct that is learned through socialization. Gender socialization is the process by which social norms and expectations related to gender are learned. Key agents of socialization discussed are family, church, media, and school. The document provides examples of gender stereotypes promoted through each of these agents. It emphasizes the importance of gender-fair education that avoids bias and allows all students to reach their full potential.
The document discusses the concept of Gender and Development (GAD), which emerged in the 1980s to replace the previous "women in development" focus. GAD examines how social, economic, political and cultural forces influence how men and women participate in and benefit from development. It focuses on gender relations and aims to design programs that promote gender equality and women's empowerment. The document also outlines some international policies and legislation that support GAD implementation, including CEDAW, and discusses concepts like gender, development, and gender mainstreaming.
This document discusses gender and development. It defines gender as the socially constructed roles, behaviors and attributes assigned to men and women in a society. Development refers to qualitative changes that increase function and maturity. Several theories of gender development are presented, including social learning theory, cognitive development theory, and gender schema theory. Gender stereotypes are defined and examples are given. The concepts of gender equality, inequality, and power are explored. Examples of gender inequality such as freedom of marriage and discrimination in divorce rights are provided. The document concludes by noting the gap in education attainment between men and women in Bangladesh.
The document discusses gender sensitivity training and concepts related to gender and development. It provides statistics showing gender disparities around the world, such as women comprising 70% of the world's poor. It defines key terms like sex, gender, gender roles and discusses how gender roles are socially constructed rather than biological. The training aims to promote gender equality and equity by addressing issues like marginalization of women, gender stereotypes, and violence against women.
This document discusses theories of gender development including social learning theory, cognitive-developmental theory, and gender schema theory. It also covers gender stereotyping, ideologies like traditional, egalitarian, and transitional views. Key topics are defined such as gender, sex, schema, and how gender relates to equality, power, and education. Gender is a social construct while sex is biological. Theories aim to explain how children learn appropriate gender roles and identities.
1. The document discusses theories of gender development including social learning theory, developmental theory, and gender schema theory.
2. It describes gender stereotyping as simplistic generalizations about gender attributes and roles, and some problems that can arise from stereotyping.
3. The document advocates for gender equality and empowering women as central to human development and economic growth. It discusses how unequal power dynamics between men and women have historically disadvantaged women.
The document discusses various forms of gender bias and marginalization that women face, including economic marginalization through unequal pay and limited opportunities, political subordination through exclusion from decision-making positions and processes, and stereotyping through the attribution of fixed roles and characteristics to women. It also addresses the multiple burdens women face from their roles in reproductive, productive, and community work, as well as the division of labor by gender. Finally, it discusses violence against women through various verbal, psychological, and physical forms of abuse. The vision presented is for equality, including equal pay, economic independence, shared responsibilities, freedom from stereotypes and violence.
This document discusses gender sensitivity training and concepts of sex and gender. It defines sex as the biological traits that distinguish males and females, while gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors and attributes ascribed to each sex in a given society. The training aims to promote understanding of gender equality and equity by recognizing the different experiences of both women and men and ensuring equal rights, treatment and sharing of opportunities and resources regardless of sex.
This document discusses gender and development. It defines sex as a biological characteristic and gender as a social construct that is learned through socialization. Gender socialization is the process by which social norms and expectations related to gender are learned. Key agents of socialization discussed are family, church, media, and school. The document provides examples of gender stereotypes promoted through each of these agents. It emphasizes the importance of gender-fair education that avoids bias and allows all students to reach their full potential.
The document discusses the concept of Gender and Development (GAD), which emerged in the 1980s to replace the previous "women in development" focus. GAD examines how social, economic, political and cultural forces influence how men and women participate in and benefit from development. It focuses on gender relations and aims to design programs that promote gender equality and women's empowerment. The document also outlines some international policies and legislation that support GAD implementation, including CEDAW, and discusses concepts like gender, development, and gender mainstreaming.
This document discusses gender and development. It defines gender as the socially constructed roles, behaviors and attributes assigned to men and women in a society. Development refers to qualitative changes that increase function and maturity. Several theories of gender development are presented, including social learning theory, cognitive development theory, and gender schema theory. Gender stereotypes are defined and examples are given. The concepts of gender equality, inequality, and power are explored. Examples of gender inequality such as freedom of marriage and discrimination in divorce rights are provided. The document concludes by noting the gap in education attainment between men and women in Bangladesh.
The document discusses gender sensitivity training and concepts related to gender and development. It provides statistics showing gender disparities around the world, such as women comprising 70% of the world's poor. It defines key terms like sex, gender, gender roles and discusses how gender roles are socially constructed rather than biological. The training aims to promote gender equality and equity by addressing issues like marginalization of women, gender stereotypes, and violence against women.
This document discusses theories of gender development including social learning theory, cognitive-developmental theory, and gender schema theory. It also covers gender stereotyping, ideologies like traditional, egalitarian, and transitional views. Key topics are defined such as gender, sex, schema, and how gender relates to equality, power, and education. Gender is a social construct while sex is biological. Theories aim to explain how children learn appropriate gender roles and identities.
1. The document discusses theories of gender development including social learning theory, developmental theory, and gender schema theory.
2. It describes gender stereotyping as simplistic generalizations about gender attributes and roles, and some problems that can arise from stereotyping.
3. The document advocates for gender equality and empowering women as central to human development and economic growth. It discusses how unequal power dynamics between men and women have historically disadvantaged women.
The document discusses various forms of gender bias and marginalization that women face, including economic marginalization through unequal pay and limited opportunities, political subordination through exclusion from decision-making positions and processes, and stereotyping through the attribution of fixed roles and characteristics to women. It also addresses the multiple burdens women face from their roles in reproductive, productive, and community work, as well as the division of labor by gender. Finally, it discusses violence against women through various verbal, psychological, and physical forms of abuse. The vision presented is for equality, including equal pay, economic independence, shared responsibilities, freedom from stereotypes and violence.
This document discusses gender sensitivity training and concepts of sex and gender. It defines sex as the biological traits that distinguish males and females, while gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors and attributes ascribed to each sex in a given society. The training aims to promote understanding of gender equality and equity by recognizing the different experiences of both women and men and ensuring equal rights, treatment and sharing of opportunities and resources regardless of sex.
This document provides an overview of gender and development (GAD) concepts. It begins by outlining some challenges in strengthening GAD work such as lack of leadership and accountability for gender mainstreaming. It then differentiates between sex and gender, noting that sex is biological while gender is socially constructed. The document explores how gender roles and stereotypes are socialized from a young age and reinforced by institutions like family, education, religion, media and the state. It defines several gender issues that block development like marginalization, subordination, multiple burdens and violence against women. The document presents GAD as a framework that recognizes these gender biases and aims to promote growth with equity by empowering both women and men to achieve their full potentials
Representatives from state universities, colleges, and private higher education institutions gathered to commit to promoting gender equality and combating discrimination. They agreed to 10 undertakings: 1) revising educational materials to remove gender stereotypes; 2) providing gender and human rights training to educators; 3) developing gender-sensitive curricula; 4) creating fair instructional materials; 5) establishing scholarship programs for marginalized women; 6) protecting pregnant women faculty from discrimination; 7) prohibiting expulsion of pregnant students; 8) assisting pregnant students to complete their studies; 9) preventing violence against women; and 10) coordinating with authorities to help victims of violence and discrimination. The participants signed the agreement at the first regional summit on
This presentation is prepared and used by Dr. Vivencio (Ven) Ballano for his talk on "Gender Inequality in the Philippines and the Workplace." It aims to explain gender relations and inequality in the Philippines, particularly in the workplace. It has 3 major parts. The first part introduces the sociology of gender, feminism, and 3 major feminist theories. The second part discusses gender relations and inequality in the Philippines, especially in law and legislation. The last part broadly deals with gender discrimination in employment, role, and workplace, as well as sexual harassment.
Copyright reverts to the owners of the photos, pictures, infographics, and other materials used in this presentation.
The document discusses gender mainstreaming in education. It defines gender mainstreaming as raising awareness of gender issues and building capabilities to address gender equality. It provides examples of how to mainstream gender and development (GAD) in education, such as celebrating events related to women's rights and LGBT issues, providing teacher training on handling abuse cases, and gathering sex-disaggregated data to inform policy. It also outlines the roles and responsibilities of a school's GAD focal point system for coordinating these gender mainstreaming efforts.
This document outlines the annual Gender and Development (GAD) plan and budget for Baesa Elementary School for fiscal year 2012-2013. It identifies 8 programs/activities/projects to promote GAD, including orienting school personnel on GAD, designating a GAD coordinator and committee, creating a GAD data system, revising school plans to include GAD, informing stakeholders, organizing lecture forums, film showings, and a symposium. Each program lists the gender issue addressed, objective, activity, target dates, and performance indicators. A budget of 22,800 pesos is allocated across the 8 programs/activities/projects.
The document discusses the concepts of sex and gender, explaining that sex refers to biological differences between males and females while gender refers to social and cultural roles and expectations of behavior. It explores topics such as sex and gender roles as well as sex role stereotypes, providing examples of behaviors and roles that are considered masculine or feminine. The document aims to increase understanding of how gender is socially constructed rather than determined by biological sex.
The document summarizes Republic Act 9710, also known as the Magna Carta of Women. It declares the policy to ensure substantive equality and human rights for women. It recognizes various rights of women including protection from violence, participation and representation, equal treatment before the law, and rights in marriage and family. It also establishes institutional mechanisms like the Philippine Commission on Women to promote gender mainstreaming and protect women's rights and empowerment.
The document discusses key concepts related to gender and development (GAD) as applied within the Philippine National Police (PNP). It defines terms like gender equality, gender equity, women's empowerment, and gender mainstreaming. It also outlines international and national mandates that guide the PNP's GAD efforts, such as CEDAW, the Philippine Constitution, and PNP administrative issuances. The document emphasizes the importance of having a GAD plan and budget to address gender issues and promote women within the PNP in accordance with legal and policy requirements.
A Gender Transformative Approach: Why what and how?CGIAR
This presentation was given by Cynthia McDougall (WorldFish Center), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
This document discusses gender sensitivity and how to promote it in education. It defines sex and gender, noting that gender is socially and culturally determined while sex is biological. Gender sensitivity means gender awareness and showing how gender shapes roles in society. It provides recommendations for promoting gender sensitivity, including training teachers and officials, developing gender-sensitive curricula and guidelines, addressing gender in policies and organizations, and strengthening partnerships between schools and parents. Teachers should understand gender roles, attend training, promote gender-responsive schools, conduct research, and treat all students equally to help address issues of gender sensitivity in education.
- Gender fair language aims to reduce gender bias by using gender-neutral terms like "they" and gender-inclusive terms like "he or she".
- Sexist language devalues women and promotes male supremacy by making women invisible or trivial.
- The way we speak reflects and shapes our culture and socialization.
The document outlines Republic Act 9262, also known as the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004. It defines violence against women and their children and provides protective measures for victims. Key points include defining domestic violence, dating violence and sexual violence; establishing the family court's jurisdiction over cases; granting protection orders for victims; and requiring government agencies to provide services like shelters, counseling and rehabilitation programs.
This document discusses various concepts related to gender including:
1. The differences between sex (biological) and gender (socially constructed roles and behaviors)
2. Observations about gender issues in schools including higher enrollment of girls but increased dropout rates for boys.
3. Key terms like patriarchy, class, condition, position, discrimination, double burden, feminism, and violence against women.
4. God's original intention for men and women to be equal partners in dominion over creation.
Gender based violence_in_humanitarian_settings__a_practical_guidlines__by_dr_...Malik Khalid Mehmood
The document provides guidelines for interventions addressing gender-based violence (GBV) in humanitarian settings. It defines GBV as any harmful act perpetrated against a person's will based on gender differences between males and females. The guidelines discuss key concepts around sex and gender, define GBV, and outline types of GBV such as sexual, physical, emotional, and economic violence as well as harmful traditional practices. Root causes of GBV are discussed as gender inequality, abuse of power, and lack of belief in universal human rights, while contributing factors include alcohol abuse, poverty, conflict, and impunity. Global statistics are provided on the prevalence of GBV in various countries.
This document provides an overview of concepts related to gender and development (GAD) mainstreaming including key concepts like sex, gender, gender roles and characteristics. It discusses the legal bases of GAD, including international agreements like CEDAW. Gender issues like stereotyping, economic marginalization and violence against women are examined. The document also explores strategic gender needs and practical gender needs. It emphasizes that development planning should address obstacles to women's participation and expand their choices and opportunities to promote gender equality.
The document discusses several topics related to gender issues and homosexuality, including:
- Definitions of homosexuality and how it has been viewed historically in different cultures and religions.
- Key people and events in the study and understanding of homosexuality in the late 19th/early 20th centuries.
- Issues still contested today around legal and social acceptance of homosexuality.
- Transgender topics like prominent transgender figures Chris Crocker and Alexis Arquette.
- Gender issues around the world like barriers facing women and efforts of organizations like the World Bank and UNIFEM to promote gender equality.
This document discusses theories of gender development and gender inequality. It outlines three main theories of gender development: social learning theory, which posits that parents reinforce gender roles; cognitive-developmental theory, which describes stages of acquiring gender roles from birth through adolescence; and gender schema theory, which involves learning gender identity through mental frameworks. The document also discusses gender as a social construct versus sex as biological, gender stereotyping and ideologies like traditional and egalitarian views. It frames gender inequality as rooted in how societies are organized and the unequal distribution of power between men and women.
This document discusses gender development and inequality. It introduces gender as a social construct defining roles for men and women, as opposed to sex which is biological. It then outlines three theories of gender development - social learning theory, cognitive developmental theory, and gender schema theory. It defines gender stereotyping as beliefs about male and female characteristics. Gender equality is described as equal entitlements and opportunities for human development. Four themes of gender inequality are presented: men and women are situated unequally in society due to social organization rather than biology; no significant biological differences distinguish sexes; and inequality could be reduced with more egalitarian social structures. Gender refers to differing roles and power between men and women in society, with men generally holding more status, experience
The Las Piñas National High School-Gatchalian Annex Annual Gender and Development (GAD) Plan and Budget for FY 2019 outlines 5 key gender issues and objectives. It allocates a total budget of 50,880 PHP from the agency's GAA to conduct activities that promote women's rights and health, such as beauty services, poster making, seminars on breast cancer and RA 9262, and a GAD seminar workshop. The plan aims to celebrate women, provide knowledge on gender laws and policies, raise health awareness, and equip participants on protecting women and children from unlawful acts. It is prepared by the school's GAD Focal Point Chairperson and approved by the Education Program Supervisor who
The document provides information about gender and development (GAD) orientation and training. It discusses the mission and responsibilities of the GAD office, which is to develop a gender sensitive army reserve command. It outlines GAD-related training that instructors have taken, including on GAD awareness, planning and budgeting, and gender cultural sensitivity. It also describes the functions of the GAD office in planning training programs, monitoring efforts, and collaborating with partners. The goal of GAD is to achieve gender equality through empowerment.
The document provides information about gender and development (GAD) orientation and training. It discusses the mission and responsibilities of the GAD office, which is to develop a gender sensitive army reserve command. It outlines GAD-related training that instructors have taken, including on GAD awareness, planning and budgeting, and gender cultural sensitivity. It also describes the functions of the GAD office in planning training programs, monitoring efforts, and collaborating with partners. The goal of GAD is to achieve gender equality through empowerment.
This document provides an overview of gender and development (GAD) concepts. It begins by outlining some challenges in strengthening GAD work such as lack of leadership and accountability for gender mainstreaming. It then differentiates between sex and gender, noting that sex is biological while gender is socially constructed. The document explores how gender roles and stereotypes are socialized from a young age and reinforced by institutions like family, education, religion, media and the state. It defines several gender issues that block development like marginalization, subordination, multiple burdens and violence against women. The document presents GAD as a framework that recognizes these gender biases and aims to promote growth with equity by empowering both women and men to achieve their full potentials
Representatives from state universities, colleges, and private higher education institutions gathered to commit to promoting gender equality and combating discrimination. They agreed to 10 undertakings: 1) revising educational materials to remove gender stereotypes; 2) providing gender and human rights training to educators; 3) developing gender-sensitive curricula; 4) creating fair instructional materials; 5) establishing scholarship programs for marginalized women; 6) protecting pregnant women faculty from discrimination; 7) prohibiting expulsion of pregnant students; 8) assisting pregnant students to complete their studies; 9) preventing violence against women; and 10) coordinating with authorities to help victims of violence and discrimination. The participants signed the agreement at the first regional summit on
This presentation is prepared and used by Dr. Vivencio (Ven) Ballano for his talk on "Gender Inequality in the Philippines and the Workplace." It aims to explain gender relations and inequality in the Philippines, particularly in the workplace. It has 3 major parts. The first part introduces the sociology of gender, feminism, and 3 major feminist theories. The second part discusses gender relations and inequality in the Philippines, especially in law and legislation. The last part broadly deals with gender discrimination in employment, role, and workplace, as well as sexual harassment.
Copyright reverts to the owners of the photos, pictures, infographics, and other materials used in this presentation.
The document discusses gender mainstreaming in education. It defines gender mainstreaming as raising awareness of gender issues and building capabilities to address gender equality. It provides examples of how to mainstream gender and development (GAD) in education, such as celebrating events related to women's rights and LGBT issues, providing teacher training on handling abuse cases, and gathering sex-disaggregated data to inform policy. It also outlines the roles and responsibilities of a school's GAD focal point system for coordinating these gender mainstreaming efforts.
This document outlines the annual Gender and Development (GAD) plan and budget for Baesa Elementary School for fiscal year 2012-2013. It identifies 8 programs/activities/projects to promote GAD, including orienting school personnel on GAD, designating a GAD coordinator and committee, creating a GAD data system, revising school plans to include GAD, informing stakeholders, organizing lecture forums, film showings, and a symposium. Each program lists the gender issue addressed, objective, activity, target dates, and performance indicators. A budget of 22,800 pesos is allocated across the 8 programs/activities/projects.
The document discusses the concepts of sex and gender, explaining that sex refers to biological differences between males and females while gender refers to social and cultural roles and expectations of behavior. It explores topics such as sex and gender roles as well as sex role stereotypes, providing examples of behaviors and roles that are considered masculine or feminine. The document aims to increase understanding of how gender is socially constructed rather than determined by biological sex.
The document summarizes Republic Act 9710, also known as the Magna Carta of Women. It declares the policy to ensure substantive equality and human rights for women. It recognizes various rights of women including protection from violence, participation and representation, equal treatment before the law, and rights in marriage and family. It also establishes institutional mechanisms like the Philippine Commission on Women to promote gender mainstreaming and protect women's rights and empowerment.
The document discusses key concepts related to gender and development (GAD) as applied within the Philippine National Police (PNP). It defines terms like gender equality, gender equity, women's empowerment, and gender mainstreaming. It also outlines international and national mandates that guide the PNP's GAD efforts, such as CEDAW, the Philippine Constitution, and PNP administrative issuances. The document emphasizes the importance of having a GAD plan and budget to address gender issues and promote women within the PNP in accordance with legal and policy requirements.
A Gender Transformative Approach: Why what and how?CGIAR
This presentation was given by Cynthia McDougall (WorldFish Center), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
This document discusses gender sensitivity and how to promote it in education. It defines sex and gender, noting that gender is socially and culturally determined while sex is biological. Gender sensitivity means gender awareness and showing how gender shapes roles in society. It provides recommendations for promoting gender sensitivity, including training teachers and officials, developing gender-sensitive curricula and guidelines, addressing gender in policies and organizations, and strengthening partnerships between schools and parents. Teachers should understand gender roles, attend training, promote gender-responsive schools, conduct research, and treat all students equally to help address issues of gender sensitivity in education.
- Gender fair language aims to reduce gender bias by using gender-neutral terms like "they" and gender-inclusive terms like "he or she".
- Sexist language devalues women and promotes male supremacy by making women invisible or trivial.
- The way we speak reflects and shapes our culture and socialization.
The document outlines Republic Act 9262, also known as the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004. It defines violence against women and their children and provides protective measures for victims. Key points include defining domestic violence, dating violence and sexual violence; establishing the family court's jurisdiction over cases; granting protection orders for victims; and requiring government agencies to provide services like shelters, counseling and rehabilitation programs.
This document discusses various concepts related to gender including:
1. The differences between sex (biological) and gender (socially constructed roles and behaviors)
2. Observations about gender issues in schools including higher enrollment of girls but increased dropout rates for boys.
3. Key terms like patriarchy, class, condition, position, discrimination, double burden, feminism, and violence against women.
4. God's original intention for men and women to be equal partners in dominion over creation.
Gender based violence_in_humanitarian_settings__a_practical_guidlines__by_dr_...Malik Khalid Mehmood
The document provides guidelines for interventions addressing gender-based violence (GBV) in humanitarian settings. It defines GBV as any harmful act perpetrated against a person's will based on gender differences between males and females. The guidelines discuss key concepts around sex and gender, define GBV, and outline types of GBV such as sexual, physical, emotional, and economic violence as well as harmful traditional practices. Root causes of GBV are discussed as gender inequality, abuse of power, and lack of belief in universal human rights, while contributing factors include alcohol abuse, poverty, conflict, and impunity. Global statistics are provided on the prevalence of GBV in various countries.
This document provides an overview of concepts related to gender and development (GAD) mainstreaming including key concepts like sex, gender, gender roles and characteristics. It discusses the legal bases of GAD, including international agreements like CEDAW. Gender issues like stereotyping, economic marginalization and violence against women are examined. The document also explores strategic gender needs and practical gender needs. It emphasizes that development planning should address obstacles to women's participation and expand their choices and opportunities to promote gender equality.
The document discusses several topics related to gender issues and homosexuality, including:
- Definitions of homosexuality and how it has been viewed historically in different cultures and religions.
- Key people and events in the study and understanding of homosexuality in the late 19th/early 20th centuries.
- Issues still contested today around legal and social acceptance of homosexuality.
- Transgender topics like prominent transgender figures Chris Crocker and Alexis Arquette.
- Gender issues around the world like barriers facing women and efforts of organizations like the World Bank and UNIFEM to promote gender equality.
This document discusses theories of gender development and gender inequality. It outlines three main theories of gender development: social learning theory, which posits that parents reinforce gender roles; cognitive-developmental theory, which describes stages of acquiring gender roles from birth through adolescence; and gender schema theory, which involves learning gender identity through mental frameworks. The document also discusses gender as a social construct versus sex as biological, gender stereotyping and ideologies like traditional and egalitarian views. It frames gender inequality as rooted in how societies are organized and the unequal distribution of power between men and women.
This document discusses gender development and inequality. It introduces gender as a social construct defining roles for men and women, as opposed to sex which is biological. It then outlines three theories of gender development - social learning theory, cognitive developmental theory, and gender schema theory. It defines gender stereotyping as beliefs about male and female characteristics. Gender equality is described as equal entitlements and opportunities for human development. Four themes of gender inequality are presented: men and women are situated unequally in society due to social organization rather than biology; no significant biological differences distinguish sexes; and inequality could be reduced with more egalitarian social structures. Gender refers to differing roles and power between men and women in society, with men generally holding more status, experience
The Las Piñas National High School-Gatchalian Annex Annual Gender and Development (GAD) Plan and Budget for FY 2019 outlines 5 key gender issues and objectives. It allocates a total budget of 50,880 PHP from the agency's GAA to conduct activities that promote women's rights and health, such as beauty services, poster making, seminars on breast cancer and RA 9262, and a GAD seminar workshop. The plan aims to celebrate women, provide knowledge on gender laws and policies, raise health awareness, and equip participants on protecting women and children from unlawful acts. It is prepared by the school's GAD Focal Point Chairperson and approved by the Education Program Supervisor who
The document provides information about gender and development (GAD) orientation and training. It discusses the mission and responsibilities of the GAD office, which is to develop a gender sensitive army reserve command. It outlines GAD-related training that instructors have taken, including on GAD awareness, planning and budgeting, and gender cultural sensitivity. It also describes the functions of the GAD office in planning training programs, monitoring efforts, and collaborating with partners. The goal of GAD is to achieve gender equality through empowerment.
The document provides information about gender and development (GAD) orientation and training. It discusses the mission and responsibilities of the GAD office, which is to develop a gender sensitive army reserve command. It outlines GAD-related training that instructors have taken, including on GAD awareness, planning and budgeting, and gender cultural sensitivity. It also describes the functions of the GAD office in planning training programs, monitoring efforts, and collaborating with partners. The goal of GAD is to achieve gender equality through empowerment.
The document discusses gender analysis and its importance and tools for the Gender and Development Planning and Budgeting process. It defines gender analysis as a process to identify the status, roles, responsibilities, access to resources, benefits and opportunities of women and men. It notes that gender analysis is important for identifying gender issues, causes, and relevant programs for the Gender and Development Planning and Budget. Key tools of gender analysis discussed are the Gender-Responsive Problem-Solution Finding Analysis Matrix and guidelines for assessing gender mainstreaming.
The document discusses Citizenship Advancement Training (CAT) which is a requirement for all 4th year high school students in the Philippines. It provides the army and national defense context for CAT, explaining that it aims to develop students' sense of duty and obligation to the nation by inculcating patriotism, nationalism, and involvement in civic affairs. CAT has three components: military orientation, community service, and public safety training. It is considered a separate subject from other MAPEH courses and students must pass CAT in order to graduate from high school.
The Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC) program has grown significantly since its establishment in 1916 through the National Defense Act. It began as a small college program but now includes over 1,500 high schools with 273,000 cadets. However, JROTC struggled for many years with lack of funding and support. Major turning points included the 1964 ROTC Vitalization Act which expanded the program, and changes in the 1970s-80s allowing female and lower enrollment minimums that boosted growth. Today JROTC aims to develop strong citizenship through military-style training.
This presentation was made by Wendy McGuinness, Chief Executive of the Sustainable Future Institute at a Futures Thinking Aotearoa Forum. 29 October 2008
This document provides an overview of a Gender and Development orientation for ROTC cadets. It begins with opening remarks and then covers the background and principles of gender and development, including participation, empowerment, freedom from violence, and human rights. International conventions supporting gender equality like CEDAW and the SDGs are referenced. Guidelines for mainstreaming gender in the Philippines Armed Forces are outlined, including conducting gender sensitivity training, establishing gender focal point committees, and developing gender responsive plans and budgets. The orientation concludes with a review of specific policies regarding gender-based violence response and women, peace and security initiatives.
Nepal youth policy review from youth perspective Brabim Kumar
The document discusses Nepal's need for a National Youth Policy from the perspective of youth. It outlines some of the key issues facing youth in Nepal and how a National Youth Policy could help address these issues. Specifically, a National Youth Policy would define youth, identify their needs and challenges, ensure their rights and participation in society, and coordinate efforts across government, non-government and youth organizations to empower youth and support their development. The policy would also help integrate youth perspectives into other national plans and policies.
This document summarizes major domestic issues and events in 20th century America, including the civil rights movement, women's rights movement, and impact of new technologies. It discusses key civil rights legislation and events like Brown v. Board of Education, the Montgomery bus boycott, and the March on Washington. It also outlines the establishment of organizations like NOW and NAACP to advocate for racial and gender equality. The rise of new industries related to technologies like jets, computers and the internet are noted. Individual citizens who influenced science, culture, academia and economics are highlighted. Emerging issues at the end of the 20th century like terrorism, immigration and environmental policies are briefly mentioned.
Many countries are writing new constitutions. This provides an important opportunity to
enshrine the basic human rights of all citizens. Despite the rhetoric on the indivisibility of
human rights, while most constitutions recognise civil and political rights as fundamental,
they place economic and social rights under ‘directive principles’ of state policy, making
them less ‘justiciable’. However, some countries have constitutions that guarantee specific
socio-economic rights, and the challenge is to make sure that citizens are able to exercise
these constitutional rights.
This presentation was made by Wendy McGuinness, Chief Executive of the Sustainable Future Institute at the Wellington Regional Strategy (WRS) Summit. 14 November 2008
The document discusses several key aspects of progressivism in early 20th century California and the United States. Progressivism was a societal reform movement from around 1900-1920 that sought to reduce political and corporate corruption and improve conditions for workers. In California, progressives pushed for initiatives, referendums, recalls and other reforms. Figures like Governor Hiram Johnson supported progressive goals like railroad regulation, women's suffrage and labor reforms. The movement aimed to advance society and free individuals from the constraints of the industrial age.
4th Industrial Revolution & Korean Historical IdentitySoojin Shin
Korean strategy for 4th Industrial Revolution should be accompanied by the grand scale shifts of national paradigm. The proud miracle of Han-River was achieved by the swift pursuit of predictable objective through the quick follower strategy. However, the quick follower strategy which focuses on efficiency is not appropriate to adopt the 4th Industrial Revolution.
The future vision is based on the history; therefore, the national consciousness on the shared national vision and values should be formed. The country that has lost its pride in history has never became the first-class nation.
We need to perceive this 4th Industrial Revolution era as the opportunity from the sky for us to transform the paradigm of the past follower strategy.
The document discusses human security in India's context from multiple perspectives. It defines national security traditionally as protecting the state from external threats but argues that human security is broader and focuses on protecting individuals and communities. It outlines three protective rings around ensuring security - freedom from fear, freedom from want, and freedom to live with dignity. The document also examines different challenges to national security in India from internal disturbances, regional issues, and weaknesses in governance and development. It advocates that both traditional security approaches and improved governance are needed to fully achieve human security in India.
Africa Global Sister Cities Conference, Ghana 5 17 2008lisambriggs
The document discusses the history and goals of the Sister Cities movement, which was created in 1956 to promote citizen diplomacy and partnerships between communities internationally. It provides details on Ghana's sister city relationships with cities in the US, including the oldest partnership between Oakland, CA and Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana established in 1975. The document also reviews Ghana's progress toward achieving the UN's Millennium Development Goals.
The document provides an overview of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and how it relates to the inclusion of persons with disabilities. It discusses [1] how the 2030 Agenda explicitly references persons with disabilities in several goals and targets, unlike the previous Millennium Development Goals, [2] the key principles of the 2030 Agenda including leaving no one behind and the involvement of all stakeholders, and [3] the importance of persons with disabilities being included in the implementation and follow-up of the 2030 Agenda.
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This document provides the questions and multiple choice answers from the Fall 2016 Tennessee World Affairs Council Academic WorldQuest competition. The competition covered topics including Turkey, global megacities, China, women in technology, and current events. Correct answers are indicated. The document tests knowledge of facts about modern world history, governments, populations, and recent international news stories.
This presentation was made by Wendy McGuinness, Chief Executive of the Sustainable Future Institute at the NZ Risk Management Soceity Conference. 6 November 2008
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Medical discourse constructs our understanding of health and illness through institutions like hospitals and the WHO. It produces a universal definition of health and acceptable ways of discussing medical topics through language. Medical interactions are shaped by their institutional contexts, like discussions between doctors and nurses in a hospital.
The document discusses military veterans and Black Americans in the workforce. It provides statistics on veteran and Black unemployment rates, the benefits veterans provide as employees, and efforts by companies to increase hiring of veterans and diversity. It highlights programs from companies like Capital One that are committed to diversity and inclusion in their workforces.
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Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
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1. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
2. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
NAME: MAJOR MARANI MINERO- ILAGAN (AGS) PA
UNIT ASSIGNMENTS:
G1, 2ID
2ND MIBn, 2ID PA
APMC
OCG PA
CSSS TRADOC
SOS & ALDEC, TRADOC
GAD-RELATED SEMINARS/TRAINING
Gender Fair Education, GST
GAD Training of Trainers
IDT, IDTTC, CUR DEV COURSE
3. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
4. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
5. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
EXPECTATION
SETTING
7. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Discuss the basic concepts of Gender
and Development (GAD) (C3)
8. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Discuss the historical background and legal
framework of GAD (C2)
Determine the difference between the concepts
of sex and gender (C3)
Discuss the GAD in the Philippine Army (C3)
Identify gender biases and its manifestations,
gender issues that arise from the unequal status of
women and men as a result of gender biases (C3)
9. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Historical Background and Legal Framework of GAD
Sex and Gender Concepts
Gender Biases and its Manifestations, Gender Issues
GAD in the Philippine Army
10. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
ELO Tool Score
ELO 1 FE-NG (OR) NG
ELO 2 FE-GPE (GP) 25%
ELO 3 FE –GPE (GP)
50%
ELO 4 FE-GPE (GP) 25%
• Two (3) GPE (GP) with Rubrics- 75%
• One (1) ITI (Essay) with rubrics- 25%
11. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Republic Act 8353 & 8505. Anti-Rape Law of 1997 and Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act of 1998.
HPA Letter Directive dated 28 March 2014. PA-Wide Gender Mainstreaming Program.
Books
Masilungan, Elena O. (2003) Transforming Government to Think and Act GAD: A Handbook on Gender and Development Training
Book 1. Manila: NCRFW and CIDA.
Masilungan, Elena O. (2003) Transforming Government to Think and Act GAD: A Handbook on Gender and Development Training
Book 2. Manila: NCRFW and CIDA.
Philippines (Republic). (2014) The Philippine Army Handbook on Gender and Development. Philippine Army
Philippines (Republic). (2014) What the Army Needs to Know about Gender and Development. Philippine Army.
Chege, R. A Curriculum For The Training of Trainers In Gender Mainstreaming, African Women’s Development and Communication
Network, FEMNET: Nairobi,Kenya
Pamphlet
What the Army Needs to Know about Gender and Development, 2014; "Kreativo Koncepto"
Republic Act 787, Sexual Harassment Act of 1995
Republic Act 8353, Anti-Rape Law of 1997
Republic Act 9208, Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003
Republic Act 9262, Anti Violence Against Women & Children of 2004
Republic Act 9710, The Magna Carta of Women of 2009
Laws and Directives
Online
un.org/webcast
http://www.slideshare.net/reddemujeres/strategic-plan-of-women-for-a-better-world
www.gender.cawater-info.net/what_is/chronology_e.htm
https://cn2collins.wordpress.com/2013/03/19/the-wid-wad-gad-approach-on-gender-development/
Others
Handouts from GAD Training of Trainors
12. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Photo credits: https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.army.mil.ph/apc2015/header.png&imgrefurl=http://www.army.mil.ph/apc2015/apc-civilian.htm&h=216&w=900&tbnid=nW14glAQH9mrJM:&docid=V2QKiObQUATqOM&ei=Bfn0VtWqKoWk0ASZrKioAQ&tbm=isch
https://oacpaarmy2012.files.wordpress.com/2015/06/img_9873.jpg
Note to instructor: THIS SLIDE WILL BE REPLACED DEPENDING ON THE RELATED TOPIC
OF A PARTICULAR CAREER COURSE OR IN SERVICE TRAINING )
13. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
AND
LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF GAD
14. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Historical Background of GAD
The Main Theoretical Approaches:
1. The Welfare Approach
2. Women in Development (WID)
3. Women and Development (WAD)
4. Gender and Development (GAD)
15. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Historical Background of GAD
Theoretical Approaches:
1. The Welfare Approach
- originated in 1950s to the 1970s during the era
of decolonization and political transitioning in most
African and Asian countries.
- a response to most of the newly independent
countries’ outcomes of inequalities among the local
elites and the common man in each nation.
16. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Historical Background of GAD
T I M E L I N E
24 October 1945
- to promote and
encourage
"fundamental
freedoms for all
without distinction as
to race, sex,
language, or
religion."
UN Charter:
"Fundamental freedoms for all"
21 June 1946
Tracking progress: Commission on
the Status of Women
-The Commission on the
Status of Women (CSW) is
established as the first
global intergovernmental
body exclusively dedicated
to the promotion of gender
equality and the
empowerment of women.
Source:http://www.un.org/un70/en/timelines/un-women
Concept:
Women’s Equality
Concept:
Women’s Equality
Welfare Approach
17. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Historical Background of GAD
2. Women in Development (WID)
-originated as a result of three major feminist
moments/waves concerning feminine conditions.
a. women’s suffrage movement
b. the social and cultural inequalities women
were faced with in everyday affair
c. “Women’s Role in Economic Development”
- helped to ensure the integration of women into
the workforce and increase their level of
productivity in order to improve their lives.
18. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Historical Background of GAD
T I M E L I N E
10 December 1948
- the first global
recognition that
there are basic
inalienable rights
and fundamental
freedoms that apply
to every human
being.
The Universal Declaration of
Human Rights
8 March 1975
International Women’s Day, Year &
Decade
-the UN begins
commemorating
International Women's Day
(8 March). The UN General
Assembly proclaims 1976-
1985 the UN Decade for
Women: Equality,
Development and Peace to
implement the action plan.
.
Source:http://www.un.org/un70/en/timelines/un-women
Concept:
Women’s Equality
Concept:
Women in
Development
Welfare Approach to Women in Development
19. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Historical Background of GAD
3. Women and Development (WAD)
- Originated in 1975 in Mexico city
- WAD focuses on the relation between
patriarchy and capitalism.
- Perspective: women have always participated
and contributed towards economic development,
regardless of the public or private spheres.
20. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Historical Background of GAD
WID/WAD shortcomings
o Fell short in improving unequal relationships.
o Development projects failed to:
• consider the multiple roles carried out by
women, leading to a development model that
in the end is disadvantageous to women.
•integrate women fully into their implementation.
21. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Historical Background of GAD
T I M E L I N E
24 October 1975
- 90% of women
walked off their jobs
and out of their
homes, shutting
down the entire
country. The men
could barely cope
Women of Iceland Strike for Equal
Rights
Source:http://www.un.org/un70/en/timelines/un-women
Concept:
Women in
Development
Women in Development
22. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Historical Background of GAD
4. Gender and Development (GAD)
• originated in the 1980s by socialist feminism
• a development perspective and process that upholds
the concepts of:
– Participatory decision-making;
– Empowerment;
– Equity in the distribution of resources and
opportunities;
– Freedom from violence;
– Respect for human rights; and
– Support for self-determination and actualization of
human potentials.
23. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Historical Background of GAD
T I M E L I N E
18 December 1979
In 1979, The UN
General Assembly
adopts the
Convention on the
Elimination of All
Forms of
Discrimination against
Women (CEDAW) ,
the "Women's Bill of
Rights"
Women's Bill of Rights
20 December 1993
End violence against women
-the UN General Assembly
adopts the Declaration on the
Elimination of Violence
against Women, making it the
first international instrument to
explicitly address and define
forms of violence against
women and laying out a
framework for action globally.
Source:http://www.un.org/un70/en/timelines/un-women
Concept:
Women and
Development
Concept:
Gender and
Development
Women and Development to Gender and Development
24. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Terminologies Related to GAD
- The ability to recognize gender issues and to
recognize women's different perceptions and
interests arising from their different social position and
gender roles.
- often used to mean the same as gender awareness,
but it is actually the beginning of gender awareness.
Gender Sensitivity
25. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Terminologies Related to GAD
- means that women and men enjoy the same status
and conditions and have equal opportunity for
realizing their potential to contribute to the political,
economic, social and cultural development of their
countries.
Gender Equality
EQUALITY means giving women and men the
same rights, responsibilities, opportunities
and participation.
26. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Terminologies Related to GAD
- means fairness of treatment for women and men,
according to their respective needs.
- It means giving to those who have less on the
basis of needs, and taking steps to compensate for
historical and social disadvantages that prevent women
and men from otherwise operating on a leveled playing
field.
- Equity can be understood as the means, and
equality is the end. Equity leads to equality.
Gender Equity
27. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Terminologies Related to GAD
Source: http://schoolsofequality.com/wp-
content/uploads/2014/09/equality-and-equity.jpg
28. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
1. Welfare
Approach
Originated in 1950s to
the 1970s during the
era of decolonization
and political
transitioning in most
African and Asian
countries
1950s
originated as a result
of three major
feminist
moments/waves
concerning feminine
conditions
1970s
2. Welfare in
Development
Perspective: women
have always participated
and contributed towards
economic development,
regardless of the public
or private spheres.
conditions
1975
3. Welfare and
Development
originated in the 1980s
by socialist feminism. A
comprehensive overview
of the social, economic
and political realities of
development.
1980s
4. Gender and
Development
29. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
5. The ability to recognize gender issues and to recognize
women's different perceptions and interests arising from their
different social position and gender roles.______________________
.
Gender Sensitivity
6. ____________________________Means that women and men
enjoy the same status and conditions and have equal
opportunity for realizing their potential to contribute to the political,
economic, social and cultural development of their countries.
Gender Equality
Sameness Fairness
30. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Historical Background of GAD
The Main Theoretical Approaches:
1. The Welfare Approach
2. Women In Development (WID)
3. Women And Development (WAD)
4. Gender And Development (GAD)
Terminologies Related to GAD:
Gender Sensitivity
Gender Equality
Gender Equity
Equity leads to equality.
31. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
Legal Bases on GAD
32. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
United Nations Charter of
1945
Universal Declaration of
Human Rights in 1948
Convention on the Elimination
of all forms of Discrimination
Against Women (CEDAW)
was adopted by the United
Nations in 1979
International Conventions on GAD
33. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
Beijing Platform for
Action (1995)
Millennium Development
Goals (2000-2015)
UN Security Council
Resolutions 1325 (2000)
& 1820 (2008)
Sustainable
Development Goals
(2015-2030)
International Conventions on GAD
34. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
CEDAW
Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination
Against Women.
adopted in 1979 by the UN General Assembly.
described as an international bill of rights for women.
defines what constitutes discrimination against women and
sets up an agenda for national action to end such
discrimination.
the only human rights treaty which affirms the reproductive
rights of women and targets culture and tradition as
influential forces shaping gender roles and family
relations.
the Convention entered into force on 4 September 1981.
as of 2007, 185 States Parties have ratified the Convention.
International Conventions on GAD
35. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
CEDAW
The Philippines signed the Convention on 17 July 1980
during the United Nations Decade for Women.
As a signatory to the Convention, the Philippines have been
reporting regularly to the UN committee on the Elimination of
All Forms of Discrimination Against Women.
Countries that have ratified or acceded to the Convention are
legally bound to put its provisions into practice.
They are also committed to submit national reports, at least
every four years, on measures they have taken to comply
with their treaty obligations.
International Conventions on GAD
36. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
RIGHTS GUARANTEED BY CEDAW
Right to good quality education (articles 10 to 14)
Right to comprehensive health services, including on family
planning (articles 11,12 and 14)
Right to access loans and other forms of financial credits
(articles 13 and 14)
Right to join leisure, sports and cultural activities (articles 10,
13 and 14)
International Conventions on GAD
37. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
RIGHTS GUARANTEED BY CEDAW
Right to represent the country internationally (article 8)
Right to acquire, change or retain nationality and citizenship
(article 9)
Right to decide on the number of children and on the number
of years between pregnancies (article 16)
Right to shared parenting responsibilities (articles 5 to 16)
Right to have equal access to jobs, benefits and social
security (articles 11 and 14)
International Conventions on GAD
38. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
RIGHTS GUARANTEED BY CEDAW
Right to be paid equally based on the work they do (article
11)
Right to be free from all forms of violence whether physical,
sexual, emotional, mental or economic (General
Recommendation 12 and 19)
Right to be free from all forms of slavery and prostitution
(article 6)
Right to vote, run for election and hold public office (article 7)
International Conventions on GAD
39. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
BEIJING PLATFORM FOR ACTION: Action for Equality,
Development, and Peace
Advocates the principle of shared power and responsibility
between women and men at home, in the workplace and in
the wider national and international communities.
A transformed partnership based on equality between
women and men is a condition for people-centred
sustainable development, so that women and men can
work together for themselves, for their children and for
society to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century.
International Conventions on GAD
40. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
BEIJING PLATFORM FOR ACTION: Action for Equality,
Development, and Peace
Requires the parties to advocate the principles of equal
rights, equal responsibilities and equal opportunities, and to
the equal participation of women and men in all national,
regional and international bodies and policy- making
processes –
• Through establishment or strengthening of mechanisms at
all levels for accountability to the world's women.
International Conventions on GAD
41. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
International Conventions on GAD
42. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
UN MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (2000-2015)
International Conventions on GAD
43. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS 1325 & 1820
Women’s participation in
Peacebuilding,
Peacekeeping and
Peacemaking
Prevention of and
protection from
sexual violence
UNSCR 1325
(2000)
UNSCR 1820
(2008)
UNSCR 1889
(2009)
UNSCR 1888
(2009)
UNSCR 1960
(2010)
UNSCR 2106
(2013)
UNSCR 2122
(2013)
International Conventions on GAD
44. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (2015-2030)
International Conventions on GAD
45. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
Women in Development
and Nation Building Act
or RA 7192 (1992)
Magna Carta of Women
or RA 9710 (2009)
General Appropriations
Act or GAA (1995)
National Laws Mandating GAD
46. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
National Action Plan on
Women, Peace and
Security
Philippine Plan for
Gender Responsive
Development 1995-2025
National Laws Mandating GAD
47. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
Women in Development and Nation Building Act
(RA 7192)
Recognizes women’s roles in nation
building
Ensures fundamental equality before
the law of men and women
Opened military training institutions like
the PMA to female entrants.
48. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
Magna Carta of Women
(RA 9710)
Promotes women’s rights by outlining
provisions on women empowerment
and providing equal opportunities for
both men and women in the society.
Specific provisions on women in the
security sector.
institutionalized the GAD focal point
system in all government agencies.
49. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
General Appropriations Act (GAA)
At least 5% of total agency budget be attributed to GAD
following the PCW-NEDA-DBM Joint Circular 2012-01
Guidelines in the Preparation of Annual GAD Plan and
Budgets (GPB) and Accomplishment Reports Implementing
the Magna Carta of Women.
50. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
Security sector agencies like the AFP and
PNP among the key implementers of NAP.
Addressing issues on:
• Participation of women in all levels of
decision-making
• Protection of and Respect for human
rights of women and girls esp. in conflict
areas
• Gender-perspective in conflict processes
• Gender perspective in peace keeping
• Widespread or systemic sexual violence in
armed conflict
Philippine National Action Plan on Women,
Peace, and Security on UNSCRs 1325 & 1820
51. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD Legal Framework
Its formulation was mandated by the RA
7192’s IRR
Promotes gender equity and equality to help
men and women actualize their potentials
through mainstreaming GAD in government,
foster gender-sensitive industry and
employment planning, adopt gender-
sensitive laws and promoted the value of
effective parenting and shared roles
Philippine Plan for Gender Responsive
Development 1995-2025
52. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
DND Issuances on GAD
• Memorandum from the Secretary of National Defense
dated 28 March 2008, subject: Rescission of Paragraph
3a of AFPRG 131-352, series of 1995.
• Department Circular Nr 01 dated 22 February 2011,
subject: Use of Non-Sexist Language in All Official
Documents, Communications, and Issuances in the
DND.
• Department Circular Nr 02 dated 22 February 2011,
subject: Guidelines in Annual Gender and Development
Planning and Budgeting.
53. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
DND Issuances on GAD
• Department Circular Nr 03 dated 22 February 2011,
subject: Guidelines on the Composition, Designation,
Roles, and Functions of GAD Focal Point Committee at
the DND Proper and its Bureaus.
• Department Circular Nr 04 dated 22 February 2011,
subject: DND Gender and Development Reporting and
Monitoring System.
54. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GHQ, AFP Issuances on GAD
• Circular Nr 08 dated 04 May 1993, subject: Permission
to Marry of Military Personnel.
• Personnel Directive Nr 03 dated 20 August 2008,
subject: Marriage, Pregnancy and Maternity Leave of
Female Personnel in the Active Service, AFP.
• Personnel Directive Nr 04 dated 26 August 2008,
subject: Policies, Guidelines and Procedures in the
Disposition of Rape, Sexual Harassment and other
Sexually-Related Cases in the AFP.
• Personnel Directive Nr 05 dated 12 September 2008,
subject: Procurement, Separation, and Retirement of
Female Members of the AFP.
55. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GHQ, AFP Issuances on GAD
• Personnel Directive Nr 06 dated 23 September 2008,
subject: Training, Classification, Assignment, Utilization,
Career Pattern and Promotion of Female Military
Personnel.
• Letter Directive Nr 01 dated 08 January 2009, subject:
Changes in the AFP Female Military Uniform.
• Personnel Directive Nr 02 dated 09 February 2009,
subject: Guidelines in the Disposition of Domestic-
Related Offenses of AFP Personnel.
56. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GHQ, AFP Issuances on GAD
• Letter Directive Nr 30 dated 15 October 2010, subject:
Gender and Development Focal Point System in the
AFP.
• Letter Directive Nr 03 dated 09 April 2011, subject:
Military Values Education Action Plan.
57. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
SEX AND GENDER
CONCEPT
58. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
SEX
and
GENDER
59. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
60. SEX OR GENDER, What is it?
1.XX
2.Leader
3.Follower
4.Child rearing
5.Menstruation
6. Sperm cell
7. Adam’s Apple
8. Child bearing
9. Penis
10.Carpentry
61. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
• physical - body contour,
features, genitals,
reproductive organs
• genetic - chromosomes,
hormones
• label - female or male;
man or woman
SEX
- is universal and fixed i.e., does not
change in time or location
is concerned with differentiating
people based on biological attributes
such as:
62. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
DIMENSION OF SEX
SEX DIMENSION MALE FEMALE
1. Chromosomes
2. Gonads
3. Hormones
4. External genitalia
5. Internal accessory
organs
6. Secondary sex
Characteristics
XY
Testes,
Androgens
Penis, Scrotum,
Prostate, seminal vesicles,
vas deferens Beard, low
voice,
sperm emission
XX
Ovaries
Estrogens
Labia, Clitoris,
Breasts
Vagina, uterus,
fallopian tubes,
menstruation
63. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
GENDER is concerned with differentiating
people based on perceptions, roles,
and social expectations
Gender is learned or acquired, and changes
from country to country or through time
It is concerned
about femininity
or masculinity
64. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
65. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
• Gender roles are the
characteristics, attitudes,
feelings, and behaviors that
society expects of females
and males
• Gender identity refers to
one’s perception of him or
herself as either masculine
or feminine.
clevelandclarion.com
mrsguillory.weebly.com
your personal sense of self as a man
(boy) or a woman (girl).
everything you feel, think, say and do that
shows to others that you are a man or a
woman.
66. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
How are gender roles developed
Gender
identity
Gender
Stability
Gender
Constancy
The ability to
correctly label
oneself and others
as male or female
9-12 months, treats
male and female
faces as different; 2-
3 years old can
correctly label an
individuals gender
Gender
identity
Gender
Stability
The
understanding
that gender is a
stable, life-long
characteristic
4 years old-
understands that
gender is
permanent
Gender
Constancy
The recognition that
someone stays the same
gender even though she/he
may appear to change by
wearing different clothes or
changing their hair length.
4-5 years old- can
understand that gender is
constant
Gender
Roles
Source: Cognitive Development Kohlberg (1966)
67. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Feminine Masculine
perception
weak, emotional,
secondary
earner,sensitive
strong, rational,
Primary earner
can’t feel
hard work, take on
leadership,
(haligi ng tahanan)
ossno care-giving
productive roles
do the harder work,
always be smart, compete,
get the best, don’t cry
expectations,
roles
no hard work,
better in parenting
Nurturing this
reproductive roles
(ilaw ng tahanan)
stay at home, just
obey, don’t assert,
don’t participate
in major decisions
68. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
Biological Determinism
-A theory that biological
differences between women and
men dictate a difference in
social roles and personality, and
that these differences reinforce
the notion that men are superior
and women are inferior.
Biological differences between women and men dictate a
difference in social roles and personality.
i.e
.Males are built to provide and protect;
women are built to be passive and perform
domestic work
69. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
Gender roles and characteristics:
– learned and transmitted through socialization;
– changeable over time; and
– have wide variations both within and between
societies and cultures.
70. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
Gender role socialization
- is the lifelong process of learning to be masculine or
feminine, primarily through four main agents of
socialization: families, schools, peers, and the media.
71. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
How we learn gender roles
• Social learning theory:
– Learning occurs through reinforcement or imitation and
modeling.
• Cognitive development theory:
– acquire female or male values on their own by thinking,
reasoning, and interpreting information from their environments.
– Gender schema theory suggests people have mental
organization systems (schemas) to help them identify as male
or female.
• Feminist approaches:
– Gender is a role that is socially constructed.
– Focus on power differences and inequality.
72. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
• Families are usually the primary source of socialization
and greatly impact gender role socialization.
• Social learning theory suggests that the babies and
children learn behaviors and meanings through social
interaction and internalize the expectations of those
around them.
– remember: we learn gender, we are not born knowing
who wears pink
What Influences Gender Roles?
73. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
• Schools also socialize children into their gender roles.
• For instance, research shows that teachers treat boys
and girls differently.
• This may teach children that there are different
expectations of them, based on their sex.
74. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
Social construction of gender
- refers to the systematic processes and institutions
which society uses to ascribe attributes, roles,
responsibilities and expectations to males and
females within the cultural context.
- Expectations regarding proper:
• Behavior
• Attitudes
• Activities
• Roles in work
• Reaction to others
75. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
Patriarchy:
- The "rule of the father," or a universal political
structure that favors men over women. It was originally
used by anthropologists to describe the social structure in
which one old man, the patriarch, has absolute power
over everyone else in the family.
- The ideology of male precedence and domination.
Matriarchy:
- The ideology of female precedence and domination.
76. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
Traditional Views
and Gender Roles
• Instrumental roles direct men to be procreators,
protectors, and providers.
• Expressive roles direct women to provide
emotional support by being warm, sensitive, and
sympathetic. Women are the kin keepers and
family mediators.
77. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
Traditional Views
and Gender Roles
• Benefits
– Promote stability, continuity, and predictability
– Expectations are clear
• Costs
– For men, losing a job can become catastrophic.
– Women can feel trapped in exhausting, never
ending tasks of housekeeping.
– Both men and women can be unhappy.
78. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
Gender Roles in the Workplace
• Two key issues affect women: men, their partners and
families:
– Sex discrimination continues to exist in many
professions.
– Sexual harassment is any unwelcome sexual
advance or other conduct that makes a person
uncomfortable and interferes with her or his work.
• Many men are confused about what sexual
harassment is and many women are reluctant to
report it.
79. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
Contemporary Gender Roles
• Gender and the consumer marketplace
– Numerous examples exist where women are
overcharged for car and home repairs or receive
inaccurate financial advice.
• Gender and Communication
– Deborah Tannen, a sociolinguist, suggests men and
women have different communication styles that
include:
• Different purposes
• Different rules
• Different ways of interpreting communications
80. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
Religion and Gender Roles
• Parenting
– Religion shapes gender roles and family roles in many
ways.
• Domestic Roles
– Religion shapes the division of labor in the home.
• Role models
– Religion influences role models.
81. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Sex and Gender
Gender Roles vs Sex Roles
Gender roles are culturally defined attitudes,
behaviors and social positions that are based on
sex.
Sex roles are those that are based on an
occupation, such as being a housewife, or a
biological function, such as motherhood.
Pregnancy is a sex role because only women have the ability to bear
children.
Child rearing is actually a gender role because child
rearing must involve both women and men.
82. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
these gender perceptions and process….
…can develop, evolve, mature into gender
biases and issues
83. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
1. “What you were born with” Sex
Gender
2. Culturally and socially dictated
3._______________________________________the systematic
processes and institutions which society uses to ascribe attributes, roles,
responsibilities and expectations to males and females within the cultural
context.
Social construction of gender
4. ________________________________everything you feel, think, say
and do that shows to others that you are a man or a woman.
Gender roles
5. ________________________________your personal sense of self as
a man (boy) or a woman (girl).
Gender identity
84. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Concepts of sex and gender (C2)
• Sex - the biological characteristics with which we
are born.
• Gender -the learned attitudes and behaviors that
characterize people of one sex or the other.
• Gender roles -characteristics, attitudes, feelings,
and behaviors that society expects of females and
males.
• Gender identity- one’s perception of him or herself
as either masculine or feminine.
• Biological Determinism-Biological differences
between women and men dictate a difference in social
roles and personality.
85. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Concepts of sex and gender (C2)
We learn Gender roles thru:
• Social learning theory:
• Cognitive development theory:
• Feminist approaches
Gender Ideologies: The system of thought and values
which determine societal practice.
Patriarchy: The ideology of male precedence and
domination.
Matriarchy: The ideology of female precedence and
domination.
86. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
gender perceptions and process….
…can develop, evolve, mature into gender
biases and issues
87. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GENDER BIASES & ITS
MANIFESTATION
88. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GENDER BIASES
and
its manifestations
89. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
90. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
91. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Biases and its Manifestations
Cultural beliefs
Perceptions
Practices
Values
Roles
Attitudes
Structural arrangements
that favor one sex
over the other, not on
the basis of individual
merits but on what
society recognizes as
having greater value
92. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Biases and its Manifestations
Cultural beliefs, perceptions,
practices, values, roles, attitudes and
structural arrangements that favor one
sex over the other, not on the basis of
individual merits but on what society
recognizes as having greater value.
93. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Biases and its Manifestations
Source: http://www.wsj.com/articles/gender-bias-at-work-turns-up-in-feedback-1443600759
94. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Biases and its Manifestations
THE IMPOSSIBLE
DREAM
95. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Biases and its Manifestations
96. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Biases and its Manifestations
• Stereotyping
• Subordination
• Double/multiple
burden
• Marginalization
• Gender Division
of Labor
• VAWC
MANIFESTATIONS OF GENDER BIAS:
97. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Biases and its Manifestations
Automatic labels, characteristics
or roles given to men and
women that are dictated by
culture and society .
◦ Society’s institution (family,
schools, government, church,
media) reinforced a biased
perception of women as the
weaker sex, and their roles,
functions and abilities as
primarily tied to the home.
Gender Stereotyping
Source: genderspectrum.weebly.com
98. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Biases and its Manifestations
99. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Biases and its Manifestations
1 2
WHICH PHOTO SHOWS GENDER STEREOTYPING?
100. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Biases and its Manifestations
• Imposing that power and
leadership in the home,
community, workplace, and in
society must be occupied by
men.
• Preventing or blocking the
person from going up the ladder
because of their sex.
Subordination
101. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Biases and its Manifestations
• Assumption and performance of
several tasks or responsibilities
– Even if women hold jobs outside
the home, essentially putting in
the same working hours as the
men, and participate in
community activities, housework
and child family care are still
primarily considered as a
woman’s concern.
Multiple Burden
102. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Biases and its Manifestations
Women’s work, especially
their reproductive
functions of child bearing,
child rearing and family
care and housework, are
not considered as directly
contributing to economic
development.
Source: www.eyeartcollective.com
Marginalization
103. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Biases and its Manifestations
Gender Division of Labor
• The allocation of
differential tasks, roles,
responsibilities and
activities to women and
men according to what
is considered socially
and culturally
appropriate.
Source: http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/274/2073/1600/division%20of%20labour.2.gif
104. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Biases and its Manifestations
Violence Against Women (VAW)
• is any act of gender-based violence
that results in, or is likely to result
in physical, sexual, psychological
harm or suffering to women,
including threats of such acts,
coercion or arbitrary deprivation of
liberty, whether occurring in private
or in public spheres.”
– Women become victims simply
because of they are women and
occupy a subordinate status in society.
105. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Biases and its Manifestations
Forms of VAW
Physical Abuse
Psychological Abuse
Sexual Abuse
Economic
Abuse
106. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
WHAT ARE THE MANIFESTATIONS OF GENDER
BIAS:
1. Stereotyping
2. Subordination
3. Double/multiple burden
4. Marginalization
5. Gender Division of Labor
6. VAWC
107. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Bias and its Manifestations
Gender bias - Cultural beliefs, perceptions, practices, values, roles,
attitudes and structural arrangements that favor one sex over the other, not
on the basis of individual merits but on what society recognizes as having
greater value.
1. Stereotyping
2. Subordination
3. Double/multiple burden
4. Marginalization
5. Gender Division of Labor
6. VAWC
Manifestations of gender bias:
108. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
109. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
www.slideshare.net
110. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Issues
Gender issues pertain to beliefs, ideas,
attitudes, behavior, systems and other
factors that block peoples’
capacity to do and to be
111. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Issues
Gender issues affect everybody,
men or women, rich or poor,
young or old, etc. in all spheres
of life.
Varying perspectives on what it
means to be a male or female
112. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Issues
Gender Issues
• Problems and concerns that arise from the unequal
status of women and men as a result of our
gender biases.
– Reflected in and perpetuated by laws, policies,
procedures, systems, programs, projects and
activities of government.
113. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Issues
Manifestation of Gender
Bias
Resulting Gender Issues
Family Workplace
Marginalization (not
giving value to women’s
contributions
Voiceless; no informed
participation in decision-
making
Dispensable – can be
terminated anytime;
Voiceless; not a priority
Subordination (women
are always looked at as a
follower)
Dependency; not
assertive; follower; victim
Follower; Cannot question
those in authority; victim
Gender Stereotyping
(giving automatic labels to
women and men)
Judged as weak; passive;
indecisive
Capability to perform
leadership roles is belittled
Gender Division of Labor
(allocation of socially and
culturally appropriate roles
and responsibilities to men
and women)
Men – hard labor
Women – household
chores like cooking,
washing, caring for
children
Limitation in the work and
assignments that women
and men can do
114. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Issues
Manifestation of Gender
Bias
Resulting Gender Issues
Family Workplace
Multiple Burden (giving
women reproductive and
productive roles)
Even if women has work,
she is still given the
primary duty to raise the
children
Men are not given the
opportunity to experience
home-life service
“Napapag-initan ng boss
kasi laging late at absent”;
bringing children in the
office – yung anak
pakalat-kalat o kaya
nakahiga sa ilalim ng
lamesa
Malimit denied ang
requests for leave
Violence Against Women
(women are being abused
because of the subordinate
status they occupy in the
family and the community)
Violation of rights as a
human being
Confidentiality not
practiced – both for
complainant and
respondents
115. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Issues
116. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Discuss:
Gender issues pertain to beliefs, ideas,
attitudes, behavior, systems and other
factors that block peoples’
capacity to do and to be
117. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Gender Issues as a result of Gender Bias
On the issue of gender inequality, men and women are to blame
– and men and women are therefore the solution.
Gender equality is all-inclusive, and therefore requires inclusive
action.
There are many issues and factors – societal and biological –
that impact on the issue, so in order to find a solution to
address it, it will require careful planning and considerate
dialogue as well as the acknowledgement of what tools in
society (e.g. the media) perpetuate it, and what we can do to
stop that.
118. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
119. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD IN THE
PHILIPPINE ARMY
120. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Philippine Army Issuances on GAD
• Letter Directive dated 15 August 2006, subject: Utilization
of Female Line Personnel in the Philippine Army.
• Letter Directive dated 26 July 2011, subject: PA Day Care
Center Concept of Operation.
• Letter Directive dated 31 August 2011, subject:
Implementing Guidelines on Gender and Development
(GAD) Focal Point System in the Philippine Army.
• Letter Directive Nr 02 dated 09 July 2014, Utilization of
the GAD Budget
121. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Philippine Army Issuances on GAD
• Letter Directive Nr 04 dated 27 August 2014, subject:
Mainstreaming Gender in the Philippine Army.
• Letter Directive Nr 05 dated 27 August 2014, subject:
Guidelines for the Preparation and Submission of Annual
GAD Plan and Budget and Accomplishment Report.
• Letter Directive Nr 06 dated 05 November 2014, subject:
Activation of the Office of the Army Gender and
Development
122. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Philippine Army Issuances on GAD
• Letter Directive dated 19 May 2015, subject:
Implementing Policy on Gender and Development Focal
Point System in the Philippine Army
• Letter Directive dated 12 August 2015, subject: Creation
of Gender and Development Office (GADO) at PAMU
Level
123. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
6 Reasons WHY the Philippine Army should
Engage in GAD
1. Gender Equality is a primary concern which is mandated
by international and national laws
– significant implications on military operations, strategic,
operational and tactical levels, in and outside the organization, in
combatant and non-combatant situations, and in war and
peacetime.
124. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
2. The underlying principles of GAD is founded on Human
Rights
– The government and its instrumentalities, including the AFP,
along with civil society and business sectors, pursue human
rights through their respective organizational mandates, and
legal and institutional mechanisms. The World Conference on
Human Rights states that “In time of war and peace, an
environment that maintains and promotes human rights,
democracy and the peaceful settlement of disputes in
accordance with the principles of non-threat or use of force
against territorial integrity or political independence or respect of
sovereignty as set forth in the Charter of UN is an important
factor for the advancement of women”.
6 Reasons WHY the Philippine Army should
Engage in GAD
125. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
3. Existence of biases in women and men
– constraints the full and equal development of both sexes.
4. Gender and armed conflict is a major critical concern
– identified in the 1995 UN Platform of Action on Women.
Further, the Geneva Convention for the Protection of Civilians in
Time of War (1949) and Additional Protocols of 1977 provide that
women shall especially be protected against any attack on their
honor, in particular against humiliating and degrading treatment,
rape, enforced prostitution or any form of indecent acts.
6 Reasons WHY the Philippine Army should
Engage in GAD
126. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
5. Men have important roles and stakes in advancing gender
equality
– as fathers, sons, partners, spouses and workers as well as
advocates of rights, and guardians of territories and people.
6. Gender equality is an indicator of good governance and a
requisite for sustainable human development
– These are values and objectives pursued by the military
especially in “winning the peace” and becoming a “professional
army worthy of national pride”.
6 Reasons WHY the Philippine Army should
Engage in GAD
127. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
PA GAD Milestones
2007 – GAD is incorporated in
the Philippine Army and
introduced first in Civilian
Employee.
2009 – Uniformed personnel
were included in the programs,
paving the way for the
establishment of the Gender and
Development Section at OG1,
PA.
128. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
2011 – Creation of the Philippine
Army Gender and Development
Focal Point System (PA
GADFPS).
15 October 2014 – Philippine
Army approved the activation of
the Office of the Army Gender
and Development (OAGAD).
PA GAD Milestones
129. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
16 August 2015 – Philippine
Army finally approved the
activation of the Gender and
Development Office (GADO) at
PA Major Units (PAMU) level.
10 December 2015 – PA
launched its Gender-Based
Violence (GBV) Referral System.
PA GAD Milestones
130. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
2015
Conducted MTT on GAD
Planning and Budgeting with
GST to PAMUs & HPA Offices.
Conducted Trainers’ Training to
develop GAD SMEs in PAMUs &
PA Training Schools.
Revised the PA GAD Focal
Point System policy.
Conducted the GAD Plan &
Budget (GPB) 2017 Review by
PA GFPS Executive Committee
headed by VCPA.
PA GAD Milestones
131. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
GHQ AFP STAFF MEMORANDUM NR 01 DTD 04 FEB 2015
Activation of Office of the Army Gender and Development
132. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
GHQ AFP STAFF MEMORANDUM NR 01 DTD 04 FEB 2015
Office of the Army Gender and Development
RESPONSIBILITY
The Office of the Army Gender and Development (OAGAD) is a
special staff of the Commanding General, Philippine Army on all
matters pertaining to Gender and Development (GAD).
FUNCTIONS
A. Acts as the primary policy-making and coordinating body on gender
equality concerns in the PA;
B. Conducts assessment of gender-responsiveness of systems,
structures, policies, programs and procedures of the Army based on
the priority needs and concerns of military and civilian personnel;
C. Develops, recommends and monitors gender-responsive and
conflict-sensitive policies, plans, programs, systems and
mechanisms aligned with the Army Transformation Roadmap (ATR)
and PA’s thrusts and programs;
133. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
GHQ AFP STAFF MEMORANDUM NR 01 DTD 04 FEB 2015
Office of the Army Gender and Development
FUNCTIONS
D. Facilitates advocacy activities and other capacity-building programs on
gender and development;
E. Leads the preparation and submission of Annual PA GAD Plan and
Budget and Accomplishment Report;
F. Monitors and reports the status of gender mainstreaming efforts and
other performance/accomplishment reports vis-à-vis GAD PAPs and
budgets; and,
G. Establish and maintain continuous strong linkages and partnerships
with the Philippine Commission on Women (PCW), non-government
organization, and people’s organization relative to the effective and
efficient implementation of gender related programs, projects and
activities and for a sustained GAD mainstreaming.
134. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
OAGAD
ES
AB PBB
PRB CDB
6 9
2
2
1
1
(1) 1 (1)
1
(1) 1
2
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
WD
SECTION
PAP DEV
SECTION
M&E
SECTION
1
GHQ AFP STAFF MEMORANDUM NR 01 DTD 04 FEB 2015
Office of the Army Gender and Development
135. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
PA GAD Enabling Mechanisms
Establish, strengthen, and sustain structures to
implement gender mainstreaming
• PA GAD Focal Point System
• OAGAD
• GAD Focal Point Committee in the HPA Offices
• GAD Offices in the PA Major Units
Implementation of the PA Gender Mainstreaming Policy
• HPA Ltr dir 04 dtd 27 Aug 2014 Subj: Mainstreaming
Gender in the PA
136. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
HPA Ltr Dir dtd 19 May 15, Subj: Implementing Policy
on Gender and Development (GAD) Focal Point System
in the PA
MCW IRR Rule VI Sec. 37 C(2) General Functions of
GAD Focal Point
“The GFP shall take the lead role in direction-setting,
advocacy, planning, monitoring and evaluation, and
technical advisory on mainstreaming GAD perspectives in
the agency programs, activities and processes.”
Philippine Army Gender and Development Focal Point
System (PAGADFPS)
PA GAD Enabling Mechanisms
137. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Chairperson: Vice Commander, PA
Co-Vice Chairperson: Chief of Staff, PA
Co-Vice Chairperson: Most Senior Female Officer in HPA
Members:
ACS for Personnel, G1
ACS for Intelligence, G2
ACS for Operations, G3
ACS for Logistics, G4
ACS for Plans, G5
ACS for CEIS, G6
ACS for CMO, G7
ACS for Education & Training, G8
ACS for Reservist & Retirees Affairs, G9
Army Judge Advocate
Chief, ARMO
Chief, AGSMO
Chief, MFO
Chief, Civilian Personnel
Secretariat: Chief, OAGAD
Philippine Army Gender and Development Focal Point System
(PAGADFPS)
PA GAD Enabling Mechanisms
138. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP
Chairperson: Deputy G1
Co-Vice Chairperson: Second Most Senior Female Officer (HPA)
Co-Vice Chairperson: Deputy ARMO
Members:
GAD Officer, G1
GAD Officer, G2
GAD Officer, G3
GAD Officer, G4
GAD Officer, G5
GAD Officer, G6
GAD Officer, G7
GAD Officer, G8
GAD Officer, G9
GAD Officer, AGSMO
GAD Officer, AHRO
GAD Officer, OESPA
GAD Officer, APM
GAD Officer, OACE
GAD Officer, OTIG
GAD Officer, MFO
GAD Officer, ARMO
Chief, OACCS
Chief, Career Advisory Division, APMC
Army Sergeant Major
Secretariat: Chief, OAGAD
Philippine Army Gender and Development Focal Point System
(PAGADFPS)
PA GAD Enabling Mechanisms
139. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
GAD FOCAL POINT COMMITTEE (PA MAJOR UNITS LEVEL)
Chairperson: Second in Command
Committee Members:
Most Senior Female Officer (PAMU HQ)
GAD Officer, G1
GAD Officer, G2
GAD Officer, G3
GAD Officer, G4
GAD Officer, G6
GAD Officer, G7
GAD Officer, G8
GAD Officer, MFO
Chief, Chaplain (PAMU)
Division Sergeant Major
Most Senior Female EP (PAMU HQ)
Division Civilian Supervisor
Secretariat: GAD Officer for PAMU
Philippine Army Gender and Development Focal Point System
(PAGADFPS)
PA GAD Enabling Mechanisms
140. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
GAD FOCAL POINT COMMITTEE (BRIGADE LEVEL)
Chairperson/GAD Focal Point Person: Deputy Brigade Commander
Committee Members:
GAD Focal Point Officer/S1
Intelligence Officer, S2
Operations Officer, S3
Logistics Officer, S4
Civil-Military Operations Officer, S7
Brigade Sergeant Major
Recorder: GAD NCO
Philippine Army Gender and Development Focal Point System
(PAGADFPS)
PA GAD Enabling Mechanisms
141. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
GAD FOCAL POINT COMMITTEE (BATTALION LEVEL)
Chairperson/GAD Focal Point Person: Battalion Executive Officer or
Equivalent
Committee Members:
GAD Focal Point Officer/S1
Intelligence Officer, S2
Operations Officer, S3
Logistics Officer, S4
Civil-Military Operations Officer, S7
Battalion Sergeant Major
Recorder: GAD NCO
Philippine Army Gender and Development Focal Point System
(PAGADFPS)
PA GAD Enabling Mechanisms
142. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
GAD FOCAL POINT COMMITTEE
(COMPANY LEVEL OR EQUIVALENT LEVEL)
GAD Focal Point Officer: Company Executive Officer or Equivalent
Recorder: GAD NCO
Philippine Army Gender and Development Focal Point System
(PAGADFPS)
PA GAD Enabling Mechanisms
143. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
PA Gender Mainstreaming Efforts
HPA OFFICES
Command
General Staff
Personal Staff
Special & Technical Staff
PAMUs
Combat Units
Combat Support Units
Combat Service Support Units
HORIZONTAL
MAINSTREAMING
VERTICAL
MAINSTREAMING
PA GAD FOCAL POINT SYSTEM
Executive Committee
Technical Working Group
OAGAD
144. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
Strengthened structures and enabling mechanism
• Revision of the PA GAD FPS
• Office GAD committees
• PAMU GAD Offices
Levelling of understanding about GAD, its mandates,
objectives and deliverables
• Communication and cascading strategy to all staff and
PAMUs
• GAD lectures included in all leadership symposiums
Capacity Development Program
• Gender Sensitivity Training (GST)
• GAD Planning and Budgeting (GPB) Workshop
• GAD Training of Trainers
• NAP-WPS Workshops
PA Gender Mainstreaming Efforts
145. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
ATR and CGPA Scorecard; PA Flagship Programs
PA Personnel MIS and ARMO MIS
Budget Development mechanisms
• PBDG Development
• APB Development
Audit Mechanisms
• Army Internal Audit (AIA)
• Inspector General (IG)
• GAD audit
Evaluation and Review Mechanisms
• Program Performance & Budget Execution Review
(PPBER)
• Program Budget Advisory Committee (PBAC) and
PBAC-WG
• Army Strategic Mgmt Committee (ASMC)
PA Gender Mainstreaming Efforts
146. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
Current Thrust
Integration of GAD perspective in Mission Areas
Addressing threat situation – NAP-WPS
Sustaining morale and the will to fight – Family Welfare
and Advancement Program
147. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
GAD in the Philippine Army
Way Ahead
Sustain GPB and GAD AR generation processes & mechanisms
Address gaps in GFPS
Find ways for long-term sustainment
Cascade GAD trainings thru PA Training, Battalions of
Excellence (BOE) and Reserve Force Development Programs
Develop HGDG templates for staff with PA-wide fund GAD
attributions
Continue institutionalization of gender mainstreaming in all staff
functional areas
PA GAD Action Plan CY 2016
148. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Historical Background and Legal
Framework of GAD
Sex and Gender Concepts
Gender Biases and its Manifestations
Gender Issues
GAD in the Philippine Army
149. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
Discussed the basic concepts of Gender and Development
(GAD) (C3)
Discussed the historical background and legal
framework of GAD (C2)
Determined the difference between the concepts of sex
and gender (C3)
Identified gender biases and its manifestations (C2)
Determined the gender issues that arise from the
unequal status of women and men as a result of gender
biases (C3)
Discussed the GAD in the Philippine Army (C3)
For the ELOs, have we..
TLO, have I facilitated learning on how to…
150. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
151. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
SAMPLE ONLY
Essay Question: As a Staff Officer, how can the Philippine Army attain its goal of being a “gender-sensitive and gender-
responsive Army”?
Discuss using the following guide questions:
•In your own understanding, what is a “gender-sensitive and gender-responsive Army”? (not less than 100 words)
•What are the current initiatives of the Philippine Army that contributes in the attainment of the said goal. (not less than
100 words)
•What are the legal bases/mandates/policy of these initiatives. (not less than 100 words)
•How can you contribute in the accomplishment of a “gender-sensitive and gender-responsive Army”? (not less than
100 words)
Reminders:
a.Follow the IBC format with not less than 500 words.
b.It should be typewritten with line spacing of 1.15 spaces in between lines.
c.Font: Arial 12
d.Margins: Top and Bottom – 1”; Left and Right - 0.75”
e.Students may open their notes, handouts and can use other form of references (e.i. internet, newspaper).
f.Referencing is encouraged if the student used other author’s idea in case the student wanted to emphasize personal
evaluation. Do not copy the personal evaluation/ opinion of other people from the references used.
g.Submission will be 72 hours after the discussion or in case of weekends, it will be submitted on Monday before the class
starts. All papers should be collected by the marcher and submit them to the instructor.
h.The examination represents 25% of the students’ total grade in this subject.
NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR : THIS MATERIAL (exam) IS INTENDED FOR SOC STUDENT
152.
153. "Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride."
"Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land."
154. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
MEN AND WOMEN
IN EQUALITY;
ENDOWED WITH
THE SAME DIGNITY.
155. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
May GAD
be with you!
156. Army Vision: By 2028, a world class Army that is a source of national pride.
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people. Securing the land.
END OF
INSTRUCTION
Editor's Notes
On September 25th 2015, countries adopted a set of goals to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all as part of a new sustainable development agenda. Each goal has specific targets to be achieved over the next 15 years.
For the goals to be reached, everyone needs to do their part: governments, the private sector, civil society and people like you.
Do you want to get involved? You can start by telling everyone about them. We’ve also put together a list of actions that you can take in your everyday life to contribute to a sustainable future.
connection to GAD
- discrimination
- what is ur sex
- this is the reason why there is discrimination among the sexes
Cognitive Development Kohlberg (1966) Gender Constancy Theory Children cannot distinguish between appearance and reality. Kohlberg argued that changes in gender thinking come about because of the natural stages of a child’s cognitive development. He proposed a set of gradual stages: 1) Gender Labelling / Identity 2 - 3.5 years Label gender but only based on appearance. 2) Gender Stability 3.5 - 4.5 years Gender is consistent over time but cant generalise this to others. Appearance is still a factor 3) Gender Constancy/Consistency 6 years Gender is constant across time and situations. Gender appropriate behaviour.
Women have weaker physique – Women are for motherhood Child-bearing Child-rearing Housekeeping – This gave rise to working woman’s “double burden.” Hampers their intellectual and career development
Male domination of political power and domination that maintains an unjust system for the benefit of the rulers at the expense of the ruled.
Child rearing is generally considered a woman's role. It is actually a gender role because child rearing must involve both women and men. Pregnancy, on the other hand, is a sex role because only women have the ability to bear children.
"The Impossible Dream" is an animation film produced by the United Nations (UN) in 1983, together with Dagmar Doubkova of Kratkty Films, Czechoslovakia. The film takes a wry humorous look at a problem faced by women everywhere: the double-workload of a full-time job and being a housewife. The film features an average family with a baby and two school-age children. Both parents work outside the home. The woman puts in the same hours as her husband, for less money. In addition, caring for the children and all the household duties remain her responsibility. Awards received by this film: Gala Opening International Film Festival, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Finalist American Film and Video Festival, New York, USA; Certificate Seventh International Film Festival, Espinho, Portugal. AWCF's acknowledges UN for the use of this film, which is also usually used by AWCF for awareness-raising in its training/advocacy activities. The original link to this UN film is http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2JBPBIFR2Y
Gender Bias Stereotyping – Family socialization, educational system, career options, portrayal of women in media, teachings of various religious groups – women as weak, dependent, subordinate, indecisive, emotional, and submissive. – Virgin or vamp – Women are trapped and limited by these stereotypes
#1: Contrary to popular belief, this photo does display gender stereotyping. Firstly, it assumes that men wear pants and women must wear dresses. Secondly, some people may not comfortable identifying with either of the two options; making simple tasks, like choosing a restroom, conflicting.#2: The image of the male and female child playing together at a kitchen set emphasizes gender stereotypes being broken. The advertisement shows customers that children do not have to fit typical gender roles and that boys can play with kitchen sets. It also shows the children wearing gender-neutral clothing. The ad is progressive and encourages dissolution of gender stereotypes.
Gender Bias Subordination – In politics and tradition, women do not share the same power, prestige, status, and societal position as men – Women are generally given “supportive roles.” Home, Community, Nation – This limits their participation in decision- making and assumption of leadership positions
Gender Bias Multiple Burden – House work and child care + work outside the house – women work in agriculture, fisheries, manufacturing, service occupations, the informal sector, industry, and the various professions – women also participate in socio-cultural and political activities in community affairs, church-related functions, civic activities, and political involvements
Gender Bias Marginalization – Production/reproduction dichotomy – Non-valuation of women’s function (family care as mere natural function) – Last hired, first fired – Gap in salaries – Limited access to trainings and promotions – Sexual Harassment in the work place simply construed as an “occupational hazzard”
Gender Bias Violence – Born out of the status of women in the society – Verbal and psychological abuse – Physical and sexual harassment – From the childhood "games" of boys peeping at girls to various acts of lasciviousness, from seduction to abduction, from molestation to wife beating, from prostitution to rape