2. MARGINALIZATIONMARGINALIZATION :
(economic)
The process which forces women out :
- into the periphery of economic
& social life,
- on the periphery of decision-
making process
- as well as diminishing the value
of the activities in which they
engage and through which they
contribute to the national development
process.
3. Under or non-valuation/recognition of
Women’s work
Women have less access to and control
over resources and benefits
Unequal pay for work of equal value
Last to be hired, first to be fired
Limited opportunities
Exacting sexual favors
4. The vision; what should be:
Equal Pay for Work of Equal
Value
Economic Independence
Economic Opportunities
5. SUBORDINATIONSUBORDINATION : (political)
One sex is inferior to the other; gender subordination
is the institutionalized domination by men of women
Position – very women in politics
and top positions
Status - weaker sex
Decision- Making- women are not included
in planning & decision-making
processes
Process of Socialization
7. The vision; what should be:
Quality Participation in
Decision-Making
Recognition of Capabilities
8. MULTIPLE BURDENMULTIPLE BURDEN
Involvement in the three spheres of
work; reproductive; productive and
community work.
Parenting
Housework
Community Work
Work in the public
sphere/informal sector
9. GENDER DIVISION OF LABOR
the assignment of tasks and roles
to men and women on account sex
10. The vision; what should be:
Shared Parenting
Shared Housework
Shared Breadwinning
12. GENDER STEREOTYPINGGENDER STEREOTYPING
The process of attributing a set of
characteristics, roles and traits, favorable
or unfavorable, to all members of a
social group based on sex.
Child rearing
Religion
Occupations
Education
Language
Behavior
Government programs
Media
Popular culture
13. The vision; what should be:
Liberation from stereotyped
images
Non-sexist child rearing
Non-sexist language
14. VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMENVIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Acts of instilling fear and inflicting
pain with the aim to injure, or
abuse a person usually women.
15. Verbal, psychological & physical
forms of violence:
jokes
wolf-whistles
peeking
“chancing” or making sexual passes
sexual harassment
domestic violence
rape
prostitution
commodification – the act of treating
women as a commodity or object &
not as a person
vaw
16.
17. The vision; what should be:
Freedom from violence
Freedom from harassment
Effects on personhood
Personhood development –
self-esteem
Control over one’s body
