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1. BASIC FIRST
AID
Quarter 1 – Module 1: First Aid
First Aid

2. BASIC FIRST AID
First aid is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who
has been injured or suddenly taken ill. It includes self-help and home
care if medical assistance is not available or delayed.
Objectives of First Aid:
➢ To alleviate suffering
➢ To prevent added/further injury or danger
➢ To prolong life
First Aid

3. Injuries that require immediate care or first aid
➢ Sprain is an injury to the
ligaments of a bone due to
accidental tearing or
overstretching. It is caused by
trauma such as a fall or a blow
to the body that knocks a joint
out of position and, in the
worst case, ruptures the
supporting ligaments
➢ Strain is a twist, pull or tear
of a muscle or tendon a cord of
tissue connecting muscle to
bone
First Aid

4. First Aid
R.I.C.E method
✓ Rest the injured part.
✓ Ice- Apply an ice pack or cold compress for 10 minutes
✓ Compression also reduces swelling. Use elastic bandages for at least 2 days. Check
that the bandage is fit, but not too tight. Take the bandage off at night.
✓ Elevate the injured part.
First Aid in Sprain and Strain
1. Apply the R.I.C.E. method.
2. Do not apply heat during the first day of injury.
3. Remove rings immediately if the injury is to the hand or fingers.
4. After 48 hours, start moving the limb gently, but only enough not to cause pain.
5. Gradually increase the range of movement. Let pain be your guide.
6. Seek medical consultation immediately if pain or symptoms increase in severity or if
symptoms persist

5. First Aid
Heat Exhaustion is a response to heat characterized by fatigue, weakness and collapse due to
inadequate intake of water to compensate loss of fluids during sweating.
First Aid in Heat Exhaustion
1. Transport a victim to a cool place.
2. Give him/her a plenty of water.
3. Check for vital signs.
4. Seek medical help

6. First Aid
Knee Injury can result from a blow or twist to the knee, from improper landing after a jump or from
running too hard, too much or without proper warm up. Other common sports injuries suffered by
athletes are shin splints, Achilles' tendon injuries, patella dislocation and hamstring, quadriceps, and
calf injuries.
First Aid in Knee injury
1. Stop your activity immediately. Do not ‘work through’ the pain.
2. Rest the joint at first.
3. Reduce pain, swelling and internal bleeding with icepacks,
applied for 15 minutes every couple of hours.
4. Bandage the knee firmly and extend the wrapping down the
lower leg
5. Elevate the injured leg.
6. Do not apply heat to the joint.
7. Avoid alcohol, as this encourages bleeding and swelling.
8. Do not massage the joint, as this encourages bleeding and
swelling.

7. First Aid
Fracture is a break or crack in the bone that can occur from either a quick, one-time injury to the
bone (acute fracture) or from repeated stress to the bone over time (stress fracture).
First Aid in Fracture
1. Check vital signs.
2. 2. Do not move the injured part.
3. 3. Stop bleeding if there is any.
4. 4. If you have to move the person, immobilize the
broken part by splinting.
5. 5. Seek medical help immediately

8. First Aid
Dislocation is a condition in which bones are partially or completely pulled out from its position.
First Aid in Dislocation
1. Call for help immediately.
2. Splint the affected part.
3. Do not try to move a dislocated part or force it back into
place.
4. Apply ice on the injured part to reduce swelling

9. First Aid
(Health, Fitness, and exercise)
1. Skipping meals will help you lose weight
2. All fat is bad for you.
3. Exercise can turn fat into muscles.
4. Young individuals do not require physical
activity.
5. No pain No Gain
6. More sweat, the more you lose body fats.
1. Skipping meals will slowing down your metabolism/eat
several small meals a day rather than one or two large
ones.
2. Fat is main fuel of the body. Unsaturated fats contained
in foods like nuts, avocados and fish are essential fats
needed by the body. They also help build hormones
and cells. Fats › growth substance › fatty acids › fat
cells.
3. Muscles and fats are two different kind of tissues one
can never “turn into” the other.
4. When the body is active, muscles are improved while
body fat is reduced
5. Exercise should not cause physical agony
6. Sweating is dependent on humidity and temperature.
FALLACY FACTS

10. First Aid
1. Wear light clothing and drink ample amount of water while
exercising.
2. To avoid muscle cramps, increase you fruit intake, particularly
Bananas.
3. Begin with short, low intensity workout.
4. Plain water is the best fluid to take for replenishment during
exercises.
5. Salt tablets cause nausea, vomiting, and gastric stress.

11. First Aid
BENEFITS OF EXERCISES
Exercises promotes health and improves one’s quality of life.
Physical Benefits
1. It develops muscular strength, endurance, flexibility, and enhances proper growth of bones.
2. It improves blood circulation and efficiency of the lungs to supply oxygen.
3. It improves the functioning of body tissues.
4. It helps control body weight and develops firmer body contour.
5. It strengthens bones.
6. It reduces fatigue at the end of the day.
7. It enhances work, recreation, and performance.
8. It improves posture and body mechanics.
Psychological Benefits
1. Stress reduction – Exercises makes one more emotionally stable, promotes greater confidence,
and improve self-worth.
2. Feeling of well-being – Enhances potentials, reduces depression, makes one more efficient
when working, and produces a feeling of accomplishment.

12. First Aid
BENEFITS OF EXERCISES
Exercises promotes health and improves one’s quality of life.
Intellectual Benefits
1.It improves one’s cognitive functioning.
2.It reduces the risk of developing dementia (mental and cognitive impairment)
3.It reverse alcohol-induced brain damages.
Brain Benefits of Exercises
1. Increases production of neurochemicals that promote brain cell
repair
2. Improves memory
3. lengthens attention span
4. Boost decision making skills
5. Prompt growth of new nerve cell and blood vessels
6. Improves multi-tasking and planning

13. First Aid