Generally practiced BA specializations in India are as follows Human resource management, Event management (Knowledge management), Production management and Marketing management are a few in the list. The basic concepts of all these areas are highlighted and elucidated for a better understanding that can enable to help student community realizing the various scope available in MBA Discipline.

1. AVENUES OF MANAGEMENT (MBA)
Dr. LUBNA SURAIYA
M.Com., MBA., DIT., M.Phil., PGDE., D.Litt (Maldives)., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor,
PG & Research Department of Commerce,
Sri Vidya Mandir Arts & Science College (Autonomous),
Uthangarai, Krishnagiri
Mob : 8778830885
Email : lubnasadiyah@gmail.com

2. AVENUES OF MBA
KNOWLEDGE
MANAGEMENT
HUMAN RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
PRODUCTION
MANAGEMENT
MARKETING
MANAGEMENT

3. UNDERSTANDING COMMON PARLANCE

4. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
KEY FACTS
1. Knowledge Management was coined in the 1980s by Peter Drucker.
2. In the 1990s, KM was recognized as a discipline.
3. KM is used in capturing, storing, and distributing knowledge.
4. Knowledge comes from people.
5. Knowledge is a key source of value for organizations to meet their objectives.
6. Knowledge Management (KM) focuses on managing the working environment.
7. There is no one-size-fits-all KM recipe.
8. Multiple locations and supports collaboration.
9. creates resilience and adaptability, creates competitive advantage.
10. Seemingly as Talent Management.

6. ADVANTAGES
 Improved organizational agility
 Better and faster decision making
 Quicker problem-solving
 Increased rate of innovation
 Supported employee growth and development
 Sharing of specialist expertise
 Better communication
DISADVANTAGES
 Outdated technology
 Employee shortage
 Lack of time
 Failure of management commitment
 Resistance to organizational change
 Untrustworthy source of information
 Inaccessible information

7. TOOLS OF KM
1. Knowledge Based software is a centrally managed website that displays your content as
categories. The knowledge base is easily searchable or users can browse for content using the
navigation.
2. A wiki is a site that is designed for groups of people to easily record and share ideas through
creating pages that are linked together.
3. FAQ is a list of commonly asked questions along with their answers displayed as a single
page.
4. Content Management Systems (CMS) store documents, audio, video, and other media types.
5. Social media, Data Warehouses, Employee Onboarding, Chatbots etc.

8. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

9. LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT SUMMARY
An organization can have many different levels of the management hierarchy In order
to properly assign roles and responsibilities to all managerial positions, it is important to
recognize the key differences between low-level, middle-level, and top-level management.
i. Top-level managers are responsible for controlling the entire organization.
ii. Middle-level managers are responsible for supervising organizational plans which
comply with the company’s policies. They act as an intermediary between top-level and
low-level management.
iii. Low-level managers focus on the execution of tasks and deliverables, serving as role
models for the employees they supervise.

10. TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT
Training refers to acquiring specific knowledge and skills for a particular job or task. It is
usually a short-term activity concerned with improving an employee’s current job
performance. It includes formal training courses, on-the-job training, or coaching sessions.
Development is concerned with the long-term growth of an individual’s career. It usually
covers acquiring knowledge that goes beyond the requirements of their current job to
prepare the employees for their future job role or career advancement opportunities.
Development activities include job shadowing, mentoring, attending conferences, or
pursuing further education.

11. OTHER CONCEPTS IN MANAGEMENT

12. PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
Production management is the process of managing production inputs (raw
materials, capital, and labor) to produce outputs (finished products). Production
management is necessary to ensure the operations and logistics (supply chain) run smoothly.
Production management is important because it lowers costs when done efficiently, meaning
the processes maximize resources to improve a business' competitiveness in the market.
This, in turn, helps companies produce high quality products that are delivered on time to
achieve business objectives, and therefore improves the company's reputation.

15. CONCEPTS IN PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
 Quality Control Management
 Inventory Management
 Kaizen Concept
 Lean Management
 Supply Chain Management
 Inbound Logistics Control
 Store Keeping
 Material Handling
 Cost Reduction – Scheduling, Pareto Analysis
 Replacement Theory

16. MARKETING MANAGEMENT
Marketing management is the process of planning, executing, and tracking the
marketing strategy of an organization. This includes the marketing plan, campaigns and
tactics used to create and meet the demand of target customers to drive profitability.
Needs: It refers to an individual's basic requirement.
Wants: It refers to the desire for a particular product.
Demands: It refers to the number of customers who are willing to buy products and the
ability to pay.
Utility: It refers to the satisfying power of a product.

18. FUNCTIONS OF MARKETING MANAGEMENT
1. Specialized Business Function - There was no need to develop a proper theory for the
sale of a product, but with the dynamic changing environment, the requirement for the
development of a specialized function for the promotion of goods is felt, which results in
the development of marketing management.
2. Integrative Function - It integrates the various other business functions like
production, finance, personnel, etc.
3. Social Function - As a social function, marketing impacts the lifestyles of people by
influencing people's tastes, attitudes, desires, and more. The behaviour of consumers in
the market is shaped by the marketing activities of sellers.
4. Management Function - Like other management functions, marketing is also a
management function. The preparation of policies, strategies, and programmes related to
marketing are mostly managerial functions. They must be planned, organized, directed,
coordinated, and controlled to achieve marketing objectives.