BASAL GANGLIA.pptx
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The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei including the corpus striatum, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, and ventral tegmental area. The corpus striatum contains the striatum, globus pallidus, and ventral pallidum. The basal ganglia are responsible for automatic motor control and learned movements. Dysfunction of the basal ganglia leads to movement disorders like Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and hemiballism. Animal models help confirm the role of basal ganglia in these conditions.
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Basal Ganglia (brain) Physiology, Parkinsonism
The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei located at the base of the forebrain that include the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. They are involved in motor control and receive input from motor, association, and limbic areas of the cortex. The basal ganglia have direct and indirect pathways that use inhibitory neurotransmitters like dopamine and GABA to regulate movement. Disorders of the basal ganglia can cause either hyperkinetic or hypokinetic movement abnormalities and include Parkinson's disease, chorea, athetosis, Huntington's disease, and hemiballism.
Basal ganglia physiology
The basal ganglia consist of several structures including the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus. They are located within the cerebral hemispheres and are involved in motor control and cognition. Two main circuits exist - the putamen circuit for executing movements and the caudate circuit for cognitive motor control. Diseases that impact the basal ganglia like Parkinson's and Huntington's result from dysfunction of neurotransmitter pathways and can cause both hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders. Common treatments involve replacing dopamine or modifying basal ganglia circuitry.
basal ganglia.ppt
The document discusses the functions of the basal ganglia and its relevance to psychiatry. It begins with an overview of the neuroanatomy and physiology of the basal ganglia. Key points include that the basal ganglia receive inputs from the entire cerebral cortex and send outputs to the cortex via the thalamus. It then discusses various psychiatric and neuropsychiatric disorders and the role of the basal ganglia in their pathophysiology, such as schizophrenia, depression, addiction, autism, Tourette's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.
Basal ganglia.pptx
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei that play an important role in motor control and cognition. They include the striatum (caudate and putamen), globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. The basal ganglia receive input from the cortex and influence motor and cognitive functions through output to the thalamus and brainstem. Disorders of the basal ganglia can cause hyperkinetic or hypokinetic movement disorders like dystonia, chorea, and Parkinson's disease.
Basalganglia
The basal ganglia consists of 5 structures that work together to regulate motor control and cognitive functions. It has two pathways - the direct pathway facilitates movement while the indirect pathway inhibits movement. In Parkinson's disease, loss of dopamine neurons tips the balance towards the indirect pathway, causing rigidity, tremors and slowed movement. Huntington's disease results from damage to the indirect pathway alone, causing uncontrolled, continuous movements instead.
BASAL GANGLIA.pptx
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei that include the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. They are involved in motor control and learning via connections with the cortex and thalamus. Disorders of the basal ganglia can cause movement disorders like Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Wilson's disease, as well as psychiatric symptoms. Common movement abnormalities include chorea, dystonia, athetosis, hemiballismus, and tremors.
Basal Ganglia by Dr.Anudeep.pptx
The document provides an overview of the basal ganglia, including its anatomy, connections, functions, and roles in neuropsychiatric and psychiatric disorders. The basal ganglia is a collection of subcortical nuclei that regulates movement and includes the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, and ventral striatum. It receives input from the cortex and thalamus and influences motor and cognitive functions through direct and indirect pathways that project to the thalamus and back to the cortex. Dysfunctions of the basal ganglia are implicated in movement disorders like Parkinson's disease as well as psychiatric conditions involving habits, reward processing, and motor control.
basal ganglia.pptx
The basal ganglia are a group of interconnected brain structures that play an important role in regulating movement. They consist of the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. Neural circuits involving these structures and the cortex help facilitate movement initiation and execution. Dysfunctions in the basal ganglia can lead to movement disorders like tremors, chorea, and ballism. The substantia nigra plays a key role in modulating input and output from the basal ganglia.
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Basal Ganglia (brain) Physiology, Parkinsonism
The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei located at the base of the forebrain that include the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. They are involved in motor control and receive input from motor, association, and limbic areas of the cortex. The basal ganglia have direct and indirect pathways that use inhibitory neurotransmitters like dopamine and GABA to regulate movement. Disorders of the basal ganglia can cause either hyperkinetic or hypokinetic movement abnormalities and include Parkinson's disease, chorea, athetosis, Huntington's disease, and hemiballism.
Basal ganglia physiology
The basal ganglia consist of several structures including the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus. They are located within the cerebral hemispheres and are involved in motor control and cognition. Two main circuits exist - the putamen circuit for executing movements and the caudate circuit for cognitive motor control. Diseases that impact the basal ganglia like Parkinson's and Huntington's result from dysfunction of neurotransmitter pathways and can cause both hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders. Common treatments involve replacing dopamine or modifying basal ganglia circuitry.
basal ganglia.ppt
The document discusses the functions of the basal ganglia and its relevance to psychiatry. It begins with an overview of the neuroanatomy and physiology of the basal ganglia. Key points include that the basal ganglia receive inputs from the entire cerebral cortex and send outputs to the cortex via the thalamus. It then discusses various psychiatric and neuropsychiatric disorders and the role of the basal ganglia in their pathophysiology, such as schizophrenia, depression, addiction, autism, Tourette's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.
Basal ganglia.pptx
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei that play an important role in motor control and cognition. They include the striatum (caudate and putamen), globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. The basal ganglia receive input from the cortex and influence motor and cognitive functions through output to the thalamus and brainstem. Disorders of the basal ganglia can cause hyperkinetic or hypokinetic movement disorders like dystonia, chorea, and Parkinson's disease.
Basalganglia
The basal ganglia consists of 5 structures that work together to regulate motor control and cognitive functions. It has two pathways - the direct pathway facilitates movement while the indirect pathway inhibits movement. In Parkinson's disease, loss of dopamine neurons tips the balance towards the indirect pathway, causing rigidity, tremors and slowed movement. Huntington's disease results from damage to the indirect pathway alone, causing uncontrolled, continuous movements instead.
BASAL GANGLIA.pptx
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei that include the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. They are involved in motor control and learning via connections with the cortex and thalamus. Disorders of the basal ganglia can cause movement disorders like Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Wilson's disease, as well as psychiatric symptoms. Common movement abnormalities include chorea, dystonia, athetosis, hemiballismus, and tremors.
Basal Ganglia by Dr.Anudeep.pptx
The document provides an overview of the basal ganglia, including its anatomy, connections, functions, and roles in neuropsychiatric and psychiatric disorders. The basal ganglia is a collection of subcortical nuclei that regulates movement and includes the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, and ventral striatum. It receives input from the cortex and thalamus and influences motor and cognitive functions through direct and indirect pathways that project to the thalamus and back to the cortex. Dysfunctions of the basal ganglia are implicated in movement disorders like Parkinson's disease as well as psychiatric conditions involving habits, reward processing, and motor control.
basal ganglia.pptx
The basal ganglia are a group of interconnected brain structures that play an important role in regulating movement. They consist of the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. Neural circuits involving these structures and the cortex help facilitate movement initiation and execution. Dysfunctions in the basal ganglia can lead to movement disorders like tremors, chorea, and ballism. The substantia nigra plays a key role in modulating input and output from the basal ganglia.
Basal ganglia
The basal ganglia are large masses of gray matter located in the cerebral hemispheres. They are comprised of the caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus (putamen and globus pallidus), amygdaloid nuclear complex, and claustrum. The basal ganglia receive input from the cerebral cortex and thalamus and output mainly to the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. They are involved in motor control and planning through direct and indirect pathways that facilitate or inhibit motor activity. Disorders like Parkinson's and Huntington's result from disruptions to these circuits.
B.GANGLIA (2).ppt
The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei in the brain associated with motor and learning functions. They include the corpus striatum, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus of Luys. The basal ganglia receive input from the cerebral cortex and thalamus and send output to the thalamus and brainstem structures. Disorders of the basal ganglia can cause movement disorders like Parkinson's disease, chorea, and dystonia.
Basal ganglia
The document discusses the basal ganglia and its role in psychiatric disorders. It begins with an overview of the basal ganglia's anatomy and connections, including its major inputs from the cortex, thalamus, and substantia nigra and outputs to the globus pallidus and thalamus. It then examines the role of basal ganglia dysfunction in several psychiatric disorders like OCD, autism, ADHD, schizophrenia, and depression. Imaging studies have found abnormalities in basal ganglia structures and connections in these disorders. Dysfunction of cortico-striatal and fronto-striatal circuits are implicated in the pathophysiology.
basal ganglia-2.pptx
The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei located at the base of the cerebral hemispheres that control voluntary motor activity, reflexes, muscle tone, and arousal. They are comprised of the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus. Disorders of the basal ganglia include Parkinson's disease, chorea, athetosis, Huntington's disease, hemiballismus, and Wilson's disease, which are characterized by movement abnormalities due to lesions in different parts of the basal ganglia.
Functional Anatomy & physiology of the Basal nuclei
Provides a good description of the functional anatomy & physiology of the basal nuclei/ basal ganglia for undergraduate medical students. It also describes disorders of the basal ganglia like parkinsonism & chorea.
Physiology of basal nuclei
The basal nuclei, also known as basal ganglia, are clusters of gray matter deep within the cerebral hemispheres. They include the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus. Together with nearby structures like the substantia nigra and subthalamic nuclei, the basal nuclei help control muscle tone, voluntary and involuntary motor activity, reflexes, associated movements, and arousal through neuronal circuits with motor areas of the cortex. Dysfunctions of the basal nuclei can lead to movement disorders like Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Tourette syndrome.
Basal ganglia and clinical anatomy, by Dr. Gagan Gupta(PT)
basal ganglia has dominant role in movement control in our body. Thus this slide presents basic anatomy and related disorders.
Parkinson’s disease ( shobs )
Parkinson's disease is characterized by tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. It is caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, reducing striatal dopamine. The basal ganglia circuitry is disrupted, affecting movement planning and execution. Levodopa is the most effective treatment but has long term side effects; it is often combined with carbidopa to reduce peripheral effects and dosage. Differential diagnoses include conditions with similar parkinsonian symptoms but different causes or presentations.
Basal ganglia , Introduction, Anatomy - Components connections pathway, Disor...
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical structures located deep within the brain that play a crucial role in coordinating and fine-tuning voluntary motor activity and are involved in higher cortical functions. The basal ganglia include the corpus striatum, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus. They have extensive connections with the cerebral cortex and thalamus. The basal ganglia help regulate muscle tone and smooth voluntary motor activities through direct and indirect neural pathways. Disorders of the basal ganglia can cause conditions like Parkinson's disease, Wilson's disease, chorea, athetosis, Huntington's disease, and hemiballismus.
Basal Ganglia.pptx
The basal ganglia are a group of brain structures involved in motor control and cognition. They include the corpus striatum, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and claustrum. The basal ganglia receive input from the cortex and thalamus and influence motor and cognitive functions through output to the thalamus and brainstem. Dysfunction of basal ganglia circuits is implicated in several psychiatric and neurological disorders including OCD, autism, schizophrenia, depression, addiction, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.
Dystonia2017
This document discusses classification and treatment of dystonia. It defines dystonia as a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal movements. Dystonia is classified based on clinical features and etiology. Treatment options include medications, botulinum toxin injections, and surgery. Common dystonias discussed include primary torsion dystonia, DYT5/Segawa's dystonia, and Wilson's disease. The pathophysiology involves disturbances in basal ganglia-cortical circuits. Diagnosis involves examining movements, family history, and testing for structural or metabolic causes.
BASAL GANGLIA.ppt
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei that play an important role in motor control and cognition. They include the striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. The basal ganglia utilize direct and indirect pathways to increase or decrease thalamic output and thus influence motor cortex activity. Diseases that impact the basal ganglia like Parkinson's and Huntington's result in hyperkinetic or hypokinetic movement disorders due to imbalance of these pathways.
Basal ganglia
The basal ganglia are a group of interconnected brain structures that include the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. They are involved in regulating movement and certain movement disorders. The basal ganglia receive input from the cortex and thalamus and send output to the thalamus and brainstem areas. Dopamine from the substantia nigra helps modulate input and output signaling in the basal ganglia circuits. Disorders of these circuits can result in dyskinesias like tremors, chorea, athetosis, and ballismus or disturbances of muscle tone.
BASAL GANGLIA.ppt
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei that include the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus. They help translate ideas for movement into neural programs and provide feedback to correct movements. The basal ganglia have direct and indirect pathways that respectively decrease and increase inhibition of thalamic neurons. Diseases like Parkinson's and Huntington's result from basal ganglia dysfunction and cause hyperkinetic or hypokinetic movement abnormalities due to imbalances in dopaminergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic signaling.
Basalganglia 170617041705-converted
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei involved in motor control and learning. They include the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. The basal ganglia regulate movement through direct and indirect pathways involving the striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra. Dopamine from the substantia nigra influences these pathways. Damage to basal ganglia structures can cause tremors, chorea, dystonia and other abnormal involuntary movements. Disorders like Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease arise from basal ganglia dysfunction. The basal ganglia also play roles in psychiatric conditions.
BASAL GANGLIA
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei located at the base of the forebrain that help control posture and voluntary movement. They include the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus. The basal ganglia have direct and indirect pathways that use GABA and glutamate to influence motor, cognitive, and emotional functions through closed loops with the cortex and thalamus.
Extrapyramidal Disorders.pptx
1) The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei that play an important role in motor control and learning. Dysfunction of the basal ganglia can result in movement disorders.
2) Parkinson's disease is a common hypokinetic movement disorder caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Symptoms include tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability.
3) Essential tremor is characterized by a bilateral postural or action tremor of the hands and arms and has a strong genetic component. Sydenham chorea is an acquired chorea associated with rheumatic fever.
Basal ganglia by dr kifayat
The document discusses the basal ganglia, which initiate and control movements. It contains three main sections: anatomy, neurophysiology, and neuropathology. The basal ganglia consist of gray matter nuclei that facilitate effective movements through direct pathways and inhibit competing movements through indirect pathways. The direct pathway is excitatory and the indirect pathway is inhibitory. Dopamine regulates these pathways. Neurological diseases that affect the basal ganglia, like Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, can lead to movement disorders.
Basal ganglia dr.gosai
The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei located within the cerebral hemispheres that include the caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, amygdaloid nucleus, and claustrum. The caudate nucleus has a C-shape and is located medial to the internal capsule, while the lentiform nucleus has a biconvex lens shape and is located lateral to the internal capsule. The basal ganglia facilitate purposeful movements and inhibit unwanted movements through connections between the cortex, substantia nigra, globus pallidus, thalamus, and other regions. Diseases that impact the basal ganglia like Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Sydenham's chorea can lead to movement disorders.
Neural structures involved in the control of movement.ppt
The basal ganglia are involved in controlling voluntary movement. They contain several structures including the striatum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra. The basal ganglia utilize direct and indirect pathways to facilitate or inhibit movement via outputs to the thalamus. Parkinson's disease results from dopamine loss in the substantia nigra and causes tremors, bradykinesia, and rigidity due to overactivity of the indirect pathway. L-Dopa treatment for Parkinson's can later cause dyskinesias due to overactivity of the direct pathway. Huntington's disease is caused by a glutamine repeat mutation and results in chorea from striatal degeneration impairing both direct and indirect pathways.
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Basal ganglia
The basal ganglia are large masses of gray matter located in the cerebral hemispheres. They are comprised of the caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus (putamen and globus pallidus), amygdaloid nuclear complex, and claustrum. The basal ganglia receive input from the cerebral cortex and thalamus and output mainly to the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. They are involved in motor control and planning through direct and indirect pathways that facilitate or inhibit motor activity. Disorders like Parkinson's and Huntington's result from disruptions to these circuits.
B.GANGLIA (2).ppt
The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei in the brain associated with motor and learning functions. They include the corpus striatum, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus of Luys. The basal ganglia receive input from the cerebral cortex and thalamus and send output to the thalamus and brainstem structures. Disorders of the basal ganglia can cause movement disorders like Parkinson's disease, chorea, and dystonia.
Basal ganglia
The document discusses the basal ganglia and its role in psychiatric disorders. It begins with an overview of the basal ganglia's anatomy and connections, including its major inputs from the cortex, thalamus, and substantia nigra and outputs to the globus pallidus and thalamus. It then examines the role of basal ganglia dysfunction in several psychiatric disorders like OCD, autism, ADHD, schizophrenia, and depression. Imaging studies have found abnormalities in basal ganglia structures and connections in these disorders. Dysfunction of cortico-striatal and fronto-striatal circuits are implicated in the pathophysiology.
basal ganglia-2.pptx
The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei located at the base of the cerebral hemispheres that control voluntary motor activity, reflexes, muscle tone, and arousal. They are comprised of the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus. Disorders of the basal ganglia include Parkinson's disease, chorea, athetosis, Huntington's disease, hemiballismus, and Wilson's disease, which are characterized by movement abnormalities due to lesions in different parts of the basal ganglia.
Functional Anatomy & physiology of the Basal nuclei
Provides a good description of the functional anatomy & physiology of the basal nuclei/ basal ganglia for undergraduate medical students. It also describes disorders of the basal ganglia like parkinsonism & chorea.
Physiology of basal nuclei
The basal nuclei, also known as basal ganglia, are clusters of gray matter deep within the cerebral hemispheres. They include the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus. Together with nearby structures like the substantia nigra and subthalamic nuclei, the basal nuclei help control muscle tone, voluntary and involuntary motor activity, reflexes, associated movements, and arousal through neuronal circuits with motor areas of the cortex. Dysfunctions of the basal nuclei can lead to movement disorders like Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Tourette syndrome.
Basal ganglia and clinical anatomy, by Dr. Gagan Gupta(PT)
basal ganglia has dominant role in movement control in our body. Thus this slide presents basic anatomy and related disorders.
Parkinson’s disease ( shobs )
Parkinson's disease is characterized by tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. It is caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, reducing striatal dopamine. The basal ganglia circuitry is disrupted, affecting movement planning and execution. Levodopa is the most effective treatment but has long term side effects; it is often combined with carbidopa to reduce peripheral effects and dosage. Differential diagnoses include conditions with similar parkinsonian symptoms but different causes or presentations.
Basal ganglia , Introduction, Anatomy - Components connections pathway, Disor...
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical structures located deep within the brain that play a crucial role in coordinating and fine-tuning voluntary motor activity and are involved in higher cortical functions. The basal ganglia include the corpus striatum, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus. They have extensive connections with the cerebral cortex and thalamus. The basal ganglia help regulate muscle tone and smooth voluntary motor activities through direct and indirect neural pathways. Disorders of the basal ganglia can cause conditions like Parkinson's disease, Wilson's disease, chorea, athetosis, Huntington's disease, and hemiballismus.
Basal Ganglia.pptx
The basal ganglia are a group of brain structures involved in motor control and cognition. They include the corpus striatum, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and claustrum. The basal ganglia receive input from the cortex and thalamus and influence motor and cognitive functions through output to the thalamus and brainstem. Dysfunction of basal ganglia circuits is implicated in several psychiatric and neurological disorders including OCD, autism, schizophrenia, depression, addiction, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.
Dystonia2017
This document discusses classification and treatment of dystonia. It defines dystonia as a movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal movements. Dystonia is classified based on clinical features and etiology. Treatment options include medications, botulinum toxin injections, and surgery. Common dystonias discussed include primary torsion dystonia, DYT5/Segawa's dystonia, and Wilson's disease. The pathophysiology involves disturbances in basal ganglia-cortical circuits. Diagnosis involves examining movements, family history, and testing for structural or metabolic causes.
BASAL GANGLIA.ppt
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei that play an important role in motor control and cognition. They include the striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. The basal ganglia utilize direct and indirect pathways to increase or decrease thalamic output and thus influence motor cortex activity. Diseases that impact the basal ganglia like Parkinson's and Huntington's result in hyperkinetic or hypokinetic movement disorders due to imbalance of these pathways.
Basal ganglia
The basal ganglia are a group of interconnected brain structures that include the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. They are involved in regulating movement and certain movement disorders. The basal ganglia receive input from the cortex and thalamus and send output to the thalamus and brainstem areas. Dopamine from the substantia nigra helps modulate input and output signaling in the basal ganglia circuits. Disorders of these circuits can result in dyskinesias like tremors, chorea, athetosis, and ballismus or disturbances of muscle tone.
BASAL GANGLIA.ppt
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei that include the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus. They help translate ideas for movement into neural programs and provide feedback to correct movements. The basal ganglia have direct and indirect pathways that respectively decrease and increase inhibition of thalamic neurons. Diseases like Parkinson's and Huntington's result from basal ganglia dysfunction and cause hyperkinetic or hypokinetic movement abnormalities due to imbalances in dopaminergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic signaling.
Basalganglia 170617041705-converted
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei involved in motor control and learning. They include the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. The basal ganglia regulate movement through direct and indirect pathways involving the striatum, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra. Dopamine from the substantia nigra influences these pathways. Damage to basal ganglia structures can cause tremors, chorea, dystonia and other abnormal involuntary movements. Disorders like Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease arise from basal ganglia dysfunction. The basal ganglia also play roles in psychiatric conditions.
BASAL GANGLIA
The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei located at the base of the forebrain that help control posture and voluntary movement. They include the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus. The basal ganglia have direct and indirect pathways that use GABA and glutamate to influence motor, cognitive, and emotional functions through closed loops with the cortex and thalamus.
Extrapyramidal Disorders.pptx
1) The basal ganglia are a group of subcortical nuclei that play an important role in motor control and learning. Dysfunction of the basal ganglia can result in movement disorders.
2) Parkinson's disease is a common hypokinetic movement disorder caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Symptoms include tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability.
3) Essential tremor is characterized by a bilateral postural or action tremor of the hands and arms and has a strong genetic component. Sydenham chorea is an acquired chorea associated with rheumatic fever.
Basal ganglia by dr kifayat
The document discusses the basal ganglia, which initiate and control movements. It contains three main sections: anatomy, neurophysiology, and neuropathology. The basal ganglia consist of gray matter nuclei that facilitate effective movements through direct pathways and inhibit competing movements through indirect pathways. The direct pathway is excitatory and the indirect pathway is inhibitory. Dopamine regulates these pathways. Neurological diseases that affect the basal ganglia, like Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, can lead to movement disorders.
Basal ganglia dr.gosai
The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei located within the cerebral hemispheres that include the caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, amygdaloid nucleus, and claustrum. The caudate nucleus has a C-shape and is located medial to the internal capsule, while the lentiform nucleus has a biconvex lens shape and is located lateral to the internal capsule. The basal ganglia facilitate purposeful movements and inhibit unwanted movements through connections between the cortex, substantia nigra, globus pallidus, thalamus, and other regions. Diseases that impact the basal ganglia like Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Sydenham's chorea can lead to movement disorders.
Neural structures involved in the control of movement.ppt
The basal ganglia are involved in controlling voluntary movement. They contain several structures including the striatum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra. The basal ganglia utilize direct and indirect pathways to facilitate or inhibit movement via outputs to the thalamus. Parkinson's disease results from dopamine loss in the substantia nigra and causes tremors, bradykinesia, and rigidity due to overactivity of the indirect pathway. L-Dopa treatment for Parkinson's can later cause dyskinesias due to overactivity of the direct pathway. Huntington's disease is caused by a glutamine repeat mutation and results in chorea from striatal degeneration impairing both direct and indirect pathways.
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Functional Anatomy & physiology of the Basal nuclei
Functional Anatomy & physiology of the Basal nuclei
Basal ganglia and clinical anatomy, by Dr. Gagan Gupta(PT)
Basal ganglia and clinical anatomy, by Dr. Gagan Gupta(PT)
Basal ganglia , Introduction, Anatomy - Components connections pathway, Disor...
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Neural structures involved in the control of movement.ppt
Neural structures involved in the control of movement.ppt
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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- 1. BASAL GANGLIA DR TANAYA BARUAH
- 2. ANATOMY • Basal ganglia include 1. Corpus striatum 2. Substantia nigra ( pars compacta and pars reticularis) 3. Subthalamic nucleus of Luys 4. Ventral tegmental area. • The corpus striatum comprises the 1. Striatum proper (or neostriatum) • Putamen • Caudate nucleus • nucleus accumbens 2. Globus pallidus (or paleostriatum) • medial or internal (Gpi) • lateral or external (Gpe) 3. ventral pallidum, with its internal and external portions.
- 4. Basal ganglia are responsible for • automatic execution of learned motor plans • movements that have been “laid down by practice” and that are subconscious.
- 5. • Parkinson disease (PD) to deficient dopaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum consequent to the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) • Choreic movements in Huntington disease (HD) are linked to the death of medium spiny neurons in the caudate and putamen. • Hemiballism (HB) is typically associated with structural lesions in the contralateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) or its afferent or efferent connections
- 6. Animal models 1. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of PD 2. Excitotoxic and transgenic models of HD 3. STN lesion model of HB • confirm the central role of disordered basal ganglia function in these conditions
- 7. References : 1. Bradley 8th ed 2. Dejong 8th ed chptr 26 3. Bd chaurasia