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Rules for syllogisms – Derived Conclusions
For existence of conclusion
1. The two premises should have exactly 3 terms, with a middle term
2. The middle term should be distributed(100) in at least one premise
3. Both the premises negative no conclusion
4. Both the premises particular no conclusion
For nature of conclusion
1. Middle term should not appear in the conclusion
2. Two affirmative premises affirmative conclusion
3. One premise negative negative conclusion
4. One premise particular particular conclusion
5. A term that is not distributed(50) in the premise cannot be distributed in the
conclusion(100)
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Derived Conclusions - Example
Each question consists of five statements followed by options consisting of three
statements put together in a specific order. Choose the option which indicates a
valid argument, that is, where the third statement is a conclusion drawn from the
preceding two statements.
A. Apples are not sweets. B. Some apples are sweet.
C. All sweets are tasty. D. Some apples are not tasty.
E. No apple is tasty.
1. CEA
2. BDC
3. CBD
4. EAC
Answer: option 1
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All the conditions mentioned below should be satisfied before we go
an either or conclusion
I. One conclusion is +ve and the other is –ve.
II. The terms are same in both the conclusions.
III. Individually both conclusions must be wrong.
Either-or Conclusions
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Either-or Conclusions - Examples
Either or Pairs Example Conclusions
All + Some not
All A is B + Some A are not B
Note: All A is B + Some B are not A (is not complementary
pair)[Very Important]
No + Some Some A is B + No A is B
OR
Some B is A + No A is B
Some + Some not
Some A are B + Some A are not B
OR
Some B are A + Some A are not B
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Problems
Statements:
All men are women.
All women are crazy.
Conclusions:
I. All men are crazy
II. All the crazy are men
III. Some of the crazy are men
IV. Some of the crazy are women
Answer: option c
SSC CGL
(2010)
a) None of the conclusions follows
b) All the conclusions follow
c) Only I, III and IV follow
d) Only II and III follow
In each of the questions below are given two statements followed by four conclusions numbered I II, III and
IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly
known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from
the given statements disregarding commonly known facts
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Problems
Statements:
Temple is a place of worship.
Church is also a place of worship.
Conclusions:
I. Hindus and Christians use the same place
for worship,
II. All churches are temples.
Answer: option a
SSC CGL
(2012)
a) None of the conclusions follows
b) All the conclusions follow
c) Only I, III and IV follow
d) Only II and III follow
In each of the questions below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly
known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from
the given statements disregarding commonly known facts
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Problems
Statement:
All teachers are aged
Some women are teachers
Conclusion:
I. All aged are women
II. Some women are aged
Answer: option c
SSC CGL
(2012)
a) Both conclusion I and II follow
b) Only conclusion I follows
c) Only conclusion II follows
d) Neither conclusion I nor II follows
In each of the questions below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly
known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from
the given statements disregarding commonly known facts
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Problems
Statements:
Some shoes are handkerchiefs.
Some handkerchiefs are calculators.
All calculators are paper.
Conclusions:
I. No calculator is a shoe
II. No shoe is a paper
Answer: option d
SBI POs
(2011)
Give answer (a) if only conclusion I follows.
Give answer (b) if only conclusion II follows.
Give answer (c) if either conclusion I or conclusion II follows.
Give answer (d) if neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows.
Give answer (e) if both conclusion I and conclusion II follow.
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Problems
Statements:
All plants are bottles.
All bottles are caps.
All caps are crowns.
Conclusions:
I. At least some crowns are bottles
II. All plants are caps
Answer: option e
SBI POs
(2011)
Give answer (a) if only conclusion I follows.
Give answer (b) if only conclusion II follows.
Give answer (c) if either conclusion I or conclusion II follows.
Give answer (d) if neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows.
Give answer (e) if both conclusion I and conclusion II follow.
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Problems
Statements
All cups are bottles.
Some bottles are jug.
No Jug is plate.
Some plates are tables.
Conclusions:
I. Some tables are bottles.
II. Some plates are cups.
III. No table is bottle.
IV Some jugs are cups. Answer: option 5
SBI POs
(2010)
1) Only I follows.
2) Only II follows.
3) Only III follows.
4) Only IV follows.
5) Only either I or III follows
In each of the questions below are given four statements followed by four conclusions numbered I. II, III
and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from
commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically
follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts
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Problems
Statements
Some chairs are handles.
All handles are pots.
All pots are mats.
Some mats are buses.
Conclusions:
I. Some buses are handles.
II. Some mats are chairs.
III. No bus is a handle.
IV. Some mats are handles.
Answer: option 5
SBI POs
(2010)
1) Only I, II and IV follow
2) Only II, III and IV follow
3) Only either I or III and II follow
4) Only either I or III and IV follow
5) Only either I or III and II and IV
follow
In each of the questions below are given four statements followed by four conclusions numbered I. II, III
and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from
commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically
follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts
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Problems
Statements
All birds are horses.
All horses are tigers.
Some tigers are lions.
Some lions are monkeys.
Conclusions:
I. Some tigers are horses.
II. Some monkeys are birds.
III. Some tigers are birds.
IV. Some monkeys are horses.
Answer: option 1
SBI POs
(2010)
1) Only I and III follow.
2) Only I, II and III follow
3) Only II, II and IV follow
4) All follow
5) None of these
In each of the questions below are given four statements followed by four conclusions numbered I. II, III
and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from
commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically
follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts
