The seminar report discusses bacterial toxins, categorizing them into endotoxins and exotoxins, and highlights their role in bacterial virulence. It describes specific toxins from various bacteria, including their mechanisms of action and the diseases they cause, such as diphtheria, tetanus, and botulism. The report emphasizes the importance of understanding these toxins for microbiological studies and disease management.

1. UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN
DR. B. LAL INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
M.Sc (Microbiology)
Semester II
SEMINAR REPORT
BACTERIAL TOXIN
Submitted By :- Submitted to:-
Vishnu Kumar Sharma Ms. Rinki Mishra

2. CONTENT:-
1. INTRODUCTION
2. CLASSIFICATION
3. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENDOTOXIN &
EXOTOXIN
4. IMPORTANT BACTERIAL SECRETING
TOXINS
5. MODE OF ACTION OF IMPORTANT
TOXINS

3. •Bacterial toxins are toxic substances that are produced and
released by bacteria to target other bacterial or host cells.
• Bacteria often have antitoxins to avoid the deleterious
effects of toxins.
•Toxins were the first bacterial virulence factors to be
identified.
•It is one of main mechanisms of developing diseases by
bacteria.
BACTERIAL TOXIN:-

4. CLASSIFICATION:-

5. Difference between Endotoxin & Exotoxin:-

7. IMPORTANT BACTERIAL SECRETING TOXINS:-
1. Corynebacterium diphtheriae:- Strains that carry a temperate
bacteriophage are toxigenic causes diphtheria. Exotoxin inhibits protein
synthesis and causes cell death. Causes diphtheria.
2. Clostridium tetani.:-Exotoxin blocks action of inhibitory neurones of
spinal cord. Causes tetanus.
3. Clostridium perfringens:- (a) Causes gas gangrene. Exotoxin (alpha
toxin) has lacithinase activity and thereby causes cell death, (b)
Enterotoxin causes hyper secretion of water and electrolytes in
diarrhoea.
4. Clostridium botulinum:- Exotoxin causes paralysis of deglutination
and respiratory muscles. It blocks release of acetylcholine of synapses
and neuromuscular junctions. Causes botulism.

8. 5. Vibrio cholerae 01 and 0139:- Enterotoxin (Exotoxin) causes hyper
secretion of water and electrolytes within gut in diarrhoea.
6. Enterotoxigenic E. coll.:- Produce enterotoxin (LT- heat labile
exotoxin) causes hypersecretion of water and electrolytes within gut.
7. Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Shiga bacillus):- Exotoxin causes acute
inflammation.

9. MODE OF ACTION OF IMPORTANT TOXINS:-
Diphtheria toxin:

10. Botulinum toxin:-
1.
2.

11. Cholera Toxin:-

12. REFERENCES:-
1. http://generalbacteriology.weebly.com
2. Pommerville JC. Alcamo’s Fundamentals of Microbiology: Body
Systems. Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2009; p626.
3. http://slideplayer.com
4. http://www.chirit.com/en/th_botulinum.php
5. http://slideplayer.com/slide/9769367/
6. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
microbiology/chapter/damaging-host-cells/
7. http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/btxpred/
8. http://www.pharmamicroresources.com/2017/03/the-science-
behind-detox-fad.html