pharmaceitucal microbiology TOpics

1. PRESENTED BY: AMREEN MALLAH
2ND YEAR PHARM -D IPS, JSMU.
ENROLMENT NO: JSMU/DPHM/057/IPS/2018 .

2. BACTERIAL CULTURE
 Bacterial culture or microbiological culture is method of multiplying
microbial organism by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture
medium under controlled laboratory condition.
 microbial culture are used to determine type of organism, its abundance
being sample is tested or both.
 previously it was difficult to isolate the pure culture form bacteria or
isolating and identifying only one type of specie of that bacteria so several
techniques discovered, one of the named scientist KOCH”S technique of
spreading bacteria thinly over the solid surface was more effective because it
deposited only single bacterium at some sites.

3. GROWTH MEDIA
 Culture media or growth medium is a liquid or gel designed to support
the growth of microorganism.
Culture medium is an environment which supplies the necessary
nutrition for the growth of an organism.
 Culture media contains nutrients and physical growth parameters
necessary for microbial growth..
 Organisms that cannot grow in artificial culture medium are known as
obligate parasites.
 Mycobacterium leprae, rickettsias,Chlamydias, and Treponema
pallidum are obligate parasite

4. GROWTH MEDIA…
 Not all organism can grown on laboratory media they must be grown in
cultures that contain living human or other animal cell.
 many other organism whose nutritional needs are reasonably well
known can be grown in one or more type of media
 There are several types of media laboratory media are generally
synthetic.
 according to media there are three types of media 1.synthetic and
defined media 2.non synthetic and undefined 3.complex media

5. 1.Synthetic and defined media:
A type of media in which every ingredient are known and their quantity is
fixed known.it is prepared in laboratory from materials of precise or
reasonable well defined composition.
2.NON SYNTHETIC UNDEFINED:
It is same as synthetic but the difference is that known specific kind of chemicals
but their quantity is not fixed.
3.Complex media:
A complex medium chemically non defined medium, is one that contains reasonably
familiar material but varies slightly in chemical composition from batch to batch.
In this media also contain blood or extracts from beef ,yeast, soybean and other
organism.

6. CONTINUE…
 Culture media generally provide sources of carbon , energy and nitrogen
in the form of available carbohydrates and amino .Acids.
 Special media provide specific requirements inorganic salts or particular
growth
 Bacterial culture media can be distinguished on the basis of composition,
consistency and purpose.

7. (A)-CLASSIFICATION OF CULTURE MEDIA ON THE
BASIS OF CONSISTENCY:
1.SOLID MEDIUM :
 Solid medium contains agar at a concentration of 1.5-2.0% or
some other, mostly inert solidifying agent.
 Solid medium has physical structure and allows bacteria to grow
in physically informative or useful ways (e.g. As colonies or in
streaks).
 Solid medium is useful for isolating bacteria or for determining
the colony characteristics of the isolate.

8. 2.SEMISOLID MEDIA:
 They are prepared with agar at concentrations of 0.5% or less.
 They have soft custard like consistency and are useful for the cultivation of
microaerophilic bacteria or for determination of bacterial.
Liquid (Broth) medium:
These media contains specific amounts of nutrients but don’t have trace of gelling
agents such as gelatin or agar. Broth medium serves various purposes such as
propagation of large number of organisms, fermentation studies, and various other
tests. e.g. sugar fermentation tests, MR-VR broth.
3.LIQUID MEDIA:

9. (B)-TYPES OF MEDIA ON THE BASIS OF PURPOSE
1.Selective or enrichment media:
 It is one that encourage the growth of one organism and
suppress the growth of another.
 These formulation may also include some antibiotics which
inhibit the growth of gram positive bacteria or gram negative
 Selective medium are agar based (s0lid) medium so that
individual colonies may be isolated.
 Various approaches to make a medium selective include addition
of antibiotics, dyes, chemicals, alteration of ph. or a combination
of these.

10. Examples of selective media:
 mannitol salt Agar(MSA) is a selective differential medium. If an organism
can ferment mannitol, an acid by-product is formed that will cause the
phenol red in the agar to turn yellow. Most of the pathogenic staphylococcus
aureus will ferment mannitol.
 SPS Agar (sulfite polymyxin sulfadiazine agar) is solid medium for
detection, isolation and enumeration of clostridium perfringens and
clostridium botulinum in food.
 it inhibits the growth of clostridium species.

11. SELECTIVE MEDIA…

12. DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA.
 Differential media also known as indicator or differential appearance it is
designed in such a way so that different bacteria can be recognized on the
basis of their colony color.
 These are media to which dyes or other substances (Indicators( are added
to differentiate microorganisms.
 Indicators change color when acid is produced following fermentation of a
specific carbohydrate e.g. MacConkey's agar medium.
 this type of media uses biochemical characteristics of microorganism
growing in the specific nutrients or indicator (such as neutral red ,phenol
red , eosin ,methylene blue) added to medium to visibly indicate the defining
characteristics of microorganism.

13. Examples of differential media
MacConkey agar
 MacConkey's agar is selective
differential media designed to
isolate and differentiate enteric
based on their ability to ferment
lactose.particularily differentiation
of non fastidious gram negative
bacteria family Enterobacteriaceae
and the genus pseudomonas.