The document provides background definitions for information warfare and cyber-terrorism. Information warfare refers to offensive and defensive use of information systems to gain advantages over adversaries, while cyber-terrorism involves using technology to intimidate or coerce for political goals. The document then discusses the need to acknowledge relevant facts when understanding these topics, such as the U.S. spying on other countries currently and in the past.

1. Essay about Background
Background
Information Warfare is defined as, " the offensive and defensive use of information and information
systems to deny, exploit, corrupt, or destroy, an adversary's information, information–based
processes, information systems, and computer–based networks while protecting one's own. Such
actions are designed to achieve advantages over military or business adversaries" (Goldberg).
Cyber–Terrorism is defined as, "the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to
intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of
political or social objectives in the worldwide network of computer and/or computer networks that
use the TCP/IP network protocols to facilitate data...show more content...
The goal was to attain the highest level cipher machine, the Enigma" (Bamford). Unfortunately
details on the Fish and the Enigma are still above top secret and can't be explained in detail.
However, I will go in to more detail of information warfare and cyber–terrorism as I introduce the
facts, which surround these two terms.
Understanding the situation of Information Warfare and Cyber–Terrorism requires the
acknowledgement and discussion of relevant facts. The United States has spied on other countries in
the past, currently spies on other countries, and will spy on other countries for a long time to come.
One example is our current situation with China. As China grows economically and militarily they
present a possible future threat to the United States. "More fundamentally, there is a question about
the long–term future of the U.S.–China relationship as China actualizes its enormous economic
potential and becomes an ever stronger regional power. There are some basic incompatibilities
between our two countries, and these are a source of tension" (Davidson). Another fact is that the
United States uses Information Warfare techniques to spy on other countries. "Of all forms of
intelligence collection, aerial surveillance from international airspace is among the most benign and
non–intrusive. It is quite different from bribing officials or literally stealing secrets"
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2. Holocaust Background
The background of my project just shows the faces of those who were victims of the Holocaust. I
put some smiling faces in the background to show that they were once happy in life until this
gruesome event occurred. The Holocaust not only effected their lives during the event but after as
well. Many Holocaust survivors had life lasting depression and PTSD. The Nazi symbol on the
background just is to show that they are the cause of this. They were responsible for all of the lives
taken during the Holocaust.
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3. General Information Essay
ACC 476/726 – Auditing Discussion Case Questions Fall 2004 General Information The audit
discussion cases are real–world examples of problems that auditors face in practice. Each individual
case is brief, and every member of the class should read the case prior to class and come prepared
to participate in class discussion. Instead of the questions in the casebook, we will discuss specific
issues related to the topic currently being discussed in class. The questions can usually be answered
using your own opinions and the case information. The issues to be discussed for the cases follow.
Berkshire Hathaway – Tuesday, September 7, 2004 Background: The case captures the dynamics of
auditor–client relations. The SEC has...show more content...
How could she have handled the situation? 4.Do you think Vaughn should have handled the situation
differently? Explain. 5.Do you believe the firm's response to the situation was appropriate? Explain.
Are there other ways that the situation could have been successfully resolved? 6.Was it appropriate
for the firm to promise Walker a good recommendation? Oak Industries – Thursday, September 16,
2004 Tuesday, September 21, 2004 Background: Auditors have historically been more concerned
with overstatements than understatements of earnings. However, recent SEC rulings suggest that
auditors need to also be concerned about understatements of earnings, particularly when they are
used to manipulate earnings in future periods. Actors: Oak Industries CEO, CFO, and controller
(Group 4 – Trine Juliussen, Sang Uk Jung, Laura Platler) 1. Some people would argue that creating
"rainy day" funds is just conservative accounting. Why should investors and the SEC care about
understatements of earnings? 2. Why did Oak Industries intentionally understate earnings? What
other factors might motivate firms to understate their earnings? 3. Auditors have generally been
more concerned about overstatements of earnings than understatements. Auditors have also normally
only been concerned when those overstatements exceeded certain materiality limits, such as 5% of
net income. Has this responsibility increased to
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4. Background And Identity
What differentiates me from the thousands of other hopeful students applying to colleges across the
nation. Why am I any different than the average high school student writing the same college essay
that ultimately determines our future? The answer being my background and identity that originate
from those around me. Family and friends have personally affected me in constructive ways
through learned experiences and lessons as well as my taught beliefs. I am the physical and
ideological embodiment of those who've been a part of my life. Furthermore, the meaning of my life
derives itself from family and the durability of our relationship. The biggest influence and factor in
my ideologies, morals, interests, and actions is my background.
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