Virtual reality can help surgeons practice complicated procedures through virtual reality simulations before operating on real patients. This can make surgery safer by allowing surgeons to gain experience through repeated practice in a risk-free virtual environment. The document then describes how students will build their own virtual reality surgery simulation model using materials like clay, cardboard and LED circuits to represent bones and surgical tools. The goal is for students to gain a hands-on understanding of how virtual reality can be used to help humans be more responsible with technology like surgical tools and procedures.

2. Watch Virtual Reality and Brain Surgery
Video
https://goo.gl/wbEs0F

3. Virtual Reality and Brain Surgery
• How can virtual reality
help surgeons?
• Does virtual reality
make surgery more or
less safe for patients?
• Would you want a
surgeon who had
practiced in virtual
reality before operating
on you? Why or why
not?
• How is virtual surgery an
example of humans
being responsible with
technology?

4. We are going to engineer our own virtual
reality surgery model

5. Teacher Pre-Work: Cut a 0.34 in x 1.25 in
hole in box top

9. Tear off a small piece of clay. Each 1 oz package
has enough clay for 4 students.

10. Make some small “bones” for your body. Set to
the side so they can dry.

11. Teacher Pre-
Work: Provide
each student
with 1 body
outline
https://goo.gl/q7XLU5

22. This is an LED
The metal lines
are called leads
+-
Long & Red is + (positive) Short & Black is – (negative)

23. Can you use the battery to make the
LED light up?

24. Can you use the battery to make your
LED light up?
Long & Red is + (positive)
Short & Black is – (negative)
Which side of the
battery is positive?
Which side of the
battery is negative?
How can you tell?

25. What is Electricity?
How Electricity Works
Fromhttp://www.slideshare.net/mrsfoster/circuits1

26. Flashlights
Flashlights are a perfect example of how electricity
travels in a path. The electricity flows through the
batteries and up to the light bulb and then down through
the metal bar on the side. The switch completes the
circuit to turn the light on and breaks it to turn it off.
Fromhttp://www.slideshare.net/mrsfoster/circuits1

27. A Simple Circuit
Electricity needs to travel in a path called a
circuit.
http://www.rkm.com.au/ANIMATIONS/animation-electrical-circuit.html
Go to the website below to see an animation.
Fromhttp://www.slideshare.net/mrsfoster/circuits1

28. Label the Parts
Label the parts of the circuit below.
load
conductor
switch
power
source
Fromhttp://www.slideshare.net/mrsfoster/circuits1

29. Open and Closed Circuits
Since electricity must move in a path, if the path is
broken, the electricity can’t move. Think of when the
bridge in Stone Harbor is up. No one can move until it
closes again. But when the bridge is down, the path is
complete and traffic can start moving again.
Drawbridge is open so traffic
is stopped.
Drawbridge is closed so
traffic can move.
Fromhttp://www.slideshare.net/mrsfoster/circuits1

30. Open Circuits
In an open circuit, there is a break in the path, so
the electricity cannot flow.
open circuit –
motor won’t move
switch is open
Click here for a great website to practice
circuits
Fromhttp://www.slideshare.net/mrsfoster/circuits1

31. Closed Circuits
In a closed circuit, the path is complete, so
the electricity can flow.
closed circuit –light
bulb lights
switch is closed
Fromhttp://www.slideshare.net/mrsfoster/circuits1

32. Open or Closed Circuit?
Look at the pictures below and decide if they
represent open or closed circuits.
open
open
closed
closed
Fromhttp://www.slideshare.net/mrsfoster/circuits1

33. Conductors and Insulators
Conductors are substances that electricity
flows through. Metals are good conductors, as
well as water. Insulators are substances that
electricity does not flow through. They are
often wrapped around conductors to keep
people safe.
Fromhttp://www.slideshare.net/mrsfoster/circuits1

34. Conductor or Insulator?
Look at the substances below and decide if
they are conductors or insulators.
copper
plastic
water
rubber
wood
glass
aluminumsilver
insulator
insulator
conductor
conductor
conductor
insulator
insulator
conductor
Fromhttp://www.slideshare.net/mrsfoster/circuits1

35. We’re going to build a circuit
to make an Operation!
Virtual Reality Model

36. Jumbo Paperclip

38. Teacher:
Cut/Poke 3 holes
around body
opening

39. Poke 1 prong
of the brad
into hole,
wrap other
prong around
paperclip wire

40. 10 in wire
with
stripped
ends
3-volt
button
battery
5mm LED

41. Wrap + LED lead (long) around
one end of the wire

42. Wrap with electrical tape

43. Wrap the other end of the
wire around a brad

44. Wrap with electrical tape (but leave some of
the prongs left to use as tweezers!)

46. Tape the – LED lead to the
– size of the battery
(small side)

47. DO NOT wrap the
tape around the
battery!

48. Place the
battery on top
of the paperclip
wire and tape it
down
Test to make
sure your
circuit works

49. Is the circuit
open or closed
when the light
is NOT lit up?
Why?
Is the circuit
open or
closed when
the light is lit
up? Why?

50. Put your
“bones” in
the box

51. Practice surgery on your
virtual reality model

52. Reflect on Your Creation
https://goo.gl/mnJumZ
How does a circuit work? How was building a model helpful?
Where could you use your knowledge of circuits again?