2. Concepts CoveredConcepts Covered
Electricity basicsElectricity basics
• electricity vocabularyelectricity vocabulary
• sources of electricitysources of electricity
CircuitsCircuits
• basic definitionbasic definition
• series and parallelseries and parallel
• break in the circuitbreak in the circuit
3. Concepts CoveredConcepts Covered
Power GridPower Grid
• basic parts of the power gridbasic parts of the power grid
• definition of the partsdefinition of the parts
Electricity and Solar Energy FunElectricity and Solar Energy Fun
• electricity kit for playing with circuitselectricity kit for playing with circuits (inquiry)(inquiry)
• solar power kits and carsolar power kits and car (how it works)(how it works)
5. What is Electricity?What is Electricity?
Electricity is generated from the motion ofElectricity is generated from the motion of
tiny charged atomic particles calledtiny charged atomic particles called
electrons and protons!electrons and protons!
Protons = +Protons = +
Electrons = -Electrons = -
electron
neutron
proton
6. Types of Sources used to makeTypes of Sources used to make
ElectricityElectricity
ThermalThermal
GeothermalGeothermal
NuclearNuclear
HydroelectricHydroelectric
SolarSolar
WindWind
8. How do we get Electricity?How do we get Electricity?
Energy from one of the sources is converted byEnergy from one of the sources is converted by
machines at the power plant to Electricity andmachines at the power plant to Electricity and
then put onto the Electric Power Gridthen put onto the Electric Power Grid
Electric Power GridElectric Power Grid
• Power PlantsPower Plants
• Transmission LinesTransmission Lines
• SubstationsSubstations
• Power LinesPower Lines
• TransformersTransformers
• Electrical Wiring and Circuit BoxElectrical Wiring and Circuit Box
9. Pictures of each piece of thePictures of each piece of the
Power Grid!Power Grid!
10. Your Electric VocabularyYour Electric Vocabulary
CircuitCircuit
TransformerTransformer
Series CircuitSeries Circuit
Parallel CircuitParallel Circuit
InsulatorInsulator
ConductorConductor
ProtonProton
ElectronElectron
11. Life without Electricity---!!!Life without Electricity---!!!
How would you prepare your lunch?How would you prepare your lunch?
How would you wash clothes?How would you wash clothes?
When would you go to bed?When would you go to bed?
Think about all the luxuries the discovery ofThink about all the luxuries the discovery of
Electricity has brought us!Electricity has brought us!
• No TelevisionNo Television
• No RadioNo Radio
• No LightsNo Lights
12. Inventors and InventionsInventors and Inventions
1752 – Lightning Rod1752 – Lightning Rod 1879 – Light Bulb1879 – Light Bulb
• Ben FranklinBen Franklin Thomas EdisonThomas Edison
1800 – Electric Battery1800 – Electric Battery 1888 – AC Power1888 – AC Power
• Count Alessandro VoltaCount Alessandro Volta Nikola TeslaNikola Tesla
1805 – Refrigerator1805 – Refrigerator 1910 – Flashlight1910 – Flashlight
• Oliver EvansOliver Evans Conrad HubertConrad Hubert
1876 – Telephone1876 – Telephone 1920 – Traffic Light1920 – Traffic Light
• Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell Garrett MorganGarrett Morgan
13. More Inventors and InventionsMore Inventors and Inventions
1927 – Television1927 – Television 1973 – Internet1973 – Internet
• Philo T. FarnsworthPhilo T. Farnsworth Vinton CerfVinton Cerf
1945 – Computer1945 – Computer 1991 - WWW1991 - WWW
• Mauchley and PresperMauchley and Presper Tim Berners-LeeTim Berners-Lee
1954 – Microwave1954 – Microwave 1955 – TV Remote1955 – TV Remote
• Percy SpencerPercy Spencer Eugene PolleyEugene Polley
15. Materials:Materials:
• 1 set of double-sided magnets1 set of double-sided magnets
• 1 set of bar magnets (if possible)1 set of bar magnets (if possible)
• small cup of metal shavings (if possible)small cup of metal shavings (if possible)
Station # 1 - MagnetsStation # 1 - Magnets
16. Station # 1 - Follow DirectionsStation # 1 - Follow Directions
First, rub the balloon on your head and describe what it does when
you bring it near your hair (It is best to let the group member with the
longest hair do this). Answer: It makes the hair stand on end.
If the balloon is positively charged (+), then which charge is in your
hair? Answer: negatively charged because they attract.
If you rub the balloon on your head for 5 seconds (have a group
member time you), how many pieces of paper can you pick up? If you
rub the balloon on your head for 10 seconds, can more pieces of paper
be picked up? Answer: More pieces get picked up because there is
more charge.
What do you think…? Can this balloon be used to make a light bulb
light up? Answer: Yes, but it will only light up for a split second.
17. Station # 1 - DiagramStation # 1 - Diagram
Simple Bar MagnetSimple Bar Magnet
ResultsResults
Opposite ends “Attract” Like ends “Repel”
18. Materials:Materials:
• 1 balloon1 balloon
• 10 small pieces of paper10 small pieces of paper
• 1 light bulb1 light bulb
Station # 2 - Static ElectricityStation # 2 - Static Electricity
19. Station # 2 - Follow DirectionsStation # 2 - Follow Directions
Place the magnets together. Then turn one of them over
on its other side and see what happens when you bring
the magnets close together.
Describe what you see and why what you see happens?
Answer: The magnets will stick to each other when you
have their opposite charged sides facing each other, and
they will repel each other when the sides with like
charges are facing each other.
20. Station # 2 - DiagramStation # 2 - Diagram
Static ElectricityStatic Electricity
After rubbing both of
these items, they now have
a CHARGE!
Like charges
attract
21. Materials:Materials:
• 1 Circuit with a 9-volt battery1 Circuit with a 9-volt battery
• 1 pencil and piece of paper1 pencil and piece of paper
• 1 nail1 nail
• 1 match stick1 match stick
• 1 paper clip1 paper clip
• 1 penny1 penny
• 1 eraser1 eraser
Station # 3 - Insulators andStation # 3 - Insulators and
ConductorsConductors
22. Station # 3 - Follow DirectionsStation # 3 - Follow Directions
Before putting each item into the circuit, list
which ones you think will be conductors and
which will be insulators? Answer: the nail, the
paper clip, and the penny are all conductors.
Place each item into the circuit and see what
happens (Conductors will keep the light working
while insulators will not allow electricity to pass
and light up the light bulb).
23. Station # 3 - DiagramStation # 3 - Diagram
Insulators and ConductorsInsulators and Conductors
24. Materials:Materials:
• 1 pre-made circuit1 pre-made circuit (with wires and battery)(with wires and battery)
• two styrophone cupstwo styrophone cups
• 4 paper clips4 paper clips
• one cup of salt waterone cup of salt water
• one cup of regular tap waterone cup of regular tap water
Station # 4 - Circuit TriviaStation # 4 - Circuit Trivia
25. Station # 4 - Follow DirectionsStation # 4 - Follow Directions
This is a circuit like the one at Station #3. Instead of using
one of the items like a paper clip or an eraser, a cup of
both fresh water and salt water is used. Do you think both
of them will allow the light to keep working or just one?
Answer: Both cups of water conduct electricity, but salt
water has more floating charges called “ions.” The light
will be brighter when hooked up to this cup.
Explain what you think? Answer: ???????
26. Station # 4 - DiagramStation # 4 - Diagram
++
_ _
Salt Water Mix Tap Water
Battery Battery
++
+
++
_
_
_
_
_ _ +
+
_
Light Light
Paper clips
29. How you can save electricity andHow you can save electricity and
money?money?
Light bulb - 0.3 to 0.5 cents per hourLight bulb - 0.3 to 0.5 cents per hour
Color TV – 0.8 cents per hourColor TV – 0.8 cents per hour
Computer – 1.5 cents per hourComputer – 1.5 cents per hour
Average Shower – 15 cents per showerAverage Shower – 15 cents per shower
Freezer – 3.7 cents per hourFreezer – 3.7 cents per hour
Stereo – 2.5 cents per hourStereo – 2.5 cents per hour
Water Heater – 22.5 cents per hourWater Heater – 22.5 cents per hour
30. Always play it safe!Always play it safe!
Safety rulesSafety rules
• 1 – Never climb trees near power lines1 – Never climb trees near power lines
• 2 – Never go around downed power lines or2 – Never go around downed power lines or
substationssubstations
• 3 – Never use electrical appliances near the bathtub3 – Never use electrical appliances near the bathtub
• 4 – Stay away from all electrical equipment (meters,4 – Stay away from all electrical equipment (meters,
transformers, etc.)transformers, etc.)
• 5 – Do not swim or play outside on a stormy day5 – Do not swim or play outside on a stormy day
• 6 – Never put fingers or other objects near electrical6 – Never put fingers or other objects near electrical
outletsoutlets
• 7 – Obey all safety signs7 – Obey all safety signs
• 8 – Never use appliances with cords showing bare wire8 – Never use appliances with cords showing bare wire
31. Safety in a storm!Safety in a storm!
Stay away from tall objects such as treesStay away from tall objects such as trees
Stay out of open fields or areas whereStay out of open fields or areas where YOUYOU
are the tallest thingare the tallest thing
If your hair stands on end, crouch low to theIf your hair stands on end, crouch low to the
ground with as little of your body in contactground with as little of your body in contact
with the ground as possiblewith the ground as possible
32. Electricity TriviaElectricity Trivia
How does a bird stand on a power line andHow does a bird stand on a power line and
not get shocked?not get shocked?
How does lightning work?How does lightning work?
33. Lightning and how to be safeLightning and how to be safe
Clouds move in…
The ground….
The air gets
weaker and
heats up!
Lightning travels
At 186,000 miles per second
Thunder travels 1 mile
In 4.5 seconds
34. Guest Speaker:Guest Speaker:
Mr. Roy Dean WilliamsMr. Roy Dean Williams
North East Mississippi Electric PowerNorth East Mississippi Electric Power
Association provides power to residentsAssociation provides power to residents
living in the Lafayette County arealiving in the Lafayette County area
Main topic: Safety around electricityMain topic: Safety around electricity
His job requires him to understand howHis job requires him to understand how
electricity works and how to play it safeelectricity works and how to play it safe
around electricityaround electricity
Electricity tour around LafayetteElectricity tour around Lafayette
ElementaryElementary
35. Electricity –Electricity – Part IVPart IV
**This part should be used to**This part should be used to
challenge 2challenge 2ndnd
and 3and 3rdrd
graders!graders!
Exploration of Solar PowerExploration of Solar Power
Experimenting with the Electric BoxExperimenting with the Electric Box
Putting it all together……DESIGNING!!!Putting it all together……DESIGNING!!!
36. Exploring Solar PowerExploring Solar Power
1. The goal of the exploring process is to
lead the students up to the challenge of
designing their own solar racer as a class.
2. A pre-made solar powered racer will be
shown and questions will be asked about its
Design. For instance should the car be heavy,etc
3. Other example toys and gadgets harnessing
the power of the sun will be shown.
40. Experimenting with the Electric BoxExperimenting with the Electric Box
1. An electricity kit and solar power kit will be
supplied for the kids to experiment with after
the basics of electricity have been covered.
2. The basics of how this kit works will be
illustrated to the students leaving lots of room
to use their imaginations.
3. Understanding how things work or influence
each other helps in the “DESIGN.”
42. Putting it all together….DESIGN!!!Putting it all together….DESIGN!!!
1. Using concepts learned or demonstrated from
this unit, the students should then discuss how
the provided solar car works.
2. Items about the car that should be emphasized
are wheel and body design (friction), solar panel
hookup (series/parallel), and other elements.
3. If possible, materials should be selected and a
small solar powered car designed by the class.
45. Total Materials and Price ListTotal Materials and Price List
Radio Shack
• Electronic Sensor Lab
Cat.#: 28-278 Model: 28-
278 $49.99
• 9 volt battery
• 9 volt battery cap
• 6 colored alligotor clipped
wires
• Orange LED with Holder
Cat.#: 276-272 Model: 276-272
$2.19
• Green LED with Holder
Cat.#: 276-271 Model: 276-271
$2.19
Edmund Scientific
• Science with Magnets
CR30814-43 $15.95
• Marked Alnico Bar Magnets
CR30379-08 $7.95
46. Total Materials and Price ListTotal Materials and Price List
Edmund Scientific
• 0.45V/400mA Encapsulated
Solar Cell
CR30398-10 $5.95
• Photon Solar Racer Kit
CR30528-82 $24.95
• Sunlite Science Kit
CR30822-20 $24.95
• Solar Beads
CR30823-63 $7.95
• Solar Electricity Kit
CR30012-31 $9.95
• Solar Power Explorer Kit
CR30534-22
$12.95
• Space Explorer Solar Powered
Vehicle
CR31092-00 $29.95
• Ultra-Mini Motors
CR30351-28 $1.95
• Fischertechniks - Profi Eco
Power
CR31251-00 $129.95
• Solar Panel Kit - Educational
CR30398-07 $22.95
47. Total Materials and Price ListTotal Materials and Price List
Booksamillion
• Janice Van Cleave’s Electricity
0471310107 $9.25
Ages 8-12
• Lightning
0876146590 $19.95
Ages 6-9
• Flash, Crash, Rumble, and Roll
0064451798
$4.95 Ages 5-9
• I Can Read about Thunder and
Lightning
0816744459 $7.95
Ages 3-8
• The Magic of Electricity
0912511524 $7.95
Ages 3-8
• The Magnet Book
0806999438 $20.74
• Living Without Electricity
1561482919 $12.63
• A Lightning Bolt is Hotter Than
the Sun
0761308628 $20.90
Ages 5-7
• Light Sound and Electricity
1580863760 $17.95
Ages 9-12
48. Total Materials and Price ListTotal Materials and Price List
Booksamillion
• Ben Franklin’s Adventures with
Electricity
0812097904 $5.95
Ages 9-12
• Ben Franklin and Electricity
0791030067 $16.58
Ages 9-12
• All About Electricity
0590480774 $3.95
Ages 4-8
• The Magic School Bus and the
Electric Field Trip with Bookmark
0590446835 $4.99
Ages 6-9
• Circuits, Shocks, and Lightning
0739801431
$27.12 Ages 9-11
• Exploring Solar Energy
0911168605
$8.95
• Exploring Solar Energy II
0911168893
$14.95
• Solar Power
0817253629
$27.12
• Energy from the Sun
49. Total Materials and Price ListTotal Materials and Price List
Art.com
• The Power of Nature
IMAGE #1000-7622 $8.99
• Lightning Over Lake &
Mountains
IMAGE #1007-6870
$9.99
Miscellaneous
• 1 regular light bulb
• Salt
• Balloon
• Styophome cups
• Paper clips
• Match stick
• Penny
• Eraser
• Small squares of paper
• Nail
Title Page
This unit is a basic unit on electricity. It was presented to a 2nd grade class, but the concepts covered can be expanded upon to accommodate many different age groups. The principles of electricity are both easy and complex. If the web references and purchased materials are consulted, this slide show and its components can be used to present some primary basics dealing with electricity. It is not the attempt of this slide show to cover all facets of electricity. It is only to act as an introduction for which the teacher can expand upon in his or her own way. The provided games and ideas are provided to increase interest in electricity and “turn the kids on” to learning.
Concepts
To begin learning about electricity, a number of concepts should be introduced. The following two slides represent a small set of concepts deemed important by the author of this presentation and the teacher requesting it. The slide show and associated activities are divided into parts to help build from concept to concept. One cannot discuss circuits unless a basic vocabulary of words associated with electricity are introduced. Once the idea of circuits has been presented, the idea as a whole is brought to the kids by way of the power grid which is something they come in touch with everyday. Students ages 7 and 8 in the 2nd grade seemed very excited and enthusiastic when learning about the power grid. The last concepts presented are meant to teach the kids about renewable energy, more specifically solar energy. Solar energy products are also a good way for the kids to generate electric powered contraptions or gadgets on their own with little danger or safety problems.
Concepts (continued)
Part I
The slide show consists of 4 parts. The first part is provided to help work in some background materials and vocabulary dealing with electricity. It provides a few activities that involve the students in helping demonstrate some of the concepts listed previously. The activities and introduction lead into the second part of hands-on lab stations. The third part emphasizes cost and safety. Finally, the fourth part introduces solar power and more hands on materials. Not every school can afford to buy all of the resources listed, but the list is provided in order for the teacher to pick one or two to help in teaching these concepts from year to year.
Electricity
This slide introduces electricity at the smallest scale possible. The idea that things are charged should be emphasized over and over. It is good to mention static electricity. That is, shocking someone with electricity is simply the movement of these positive and negative charges. As a presenter of this material, I find it good to have the students repeat the words proton and electron, telling me whether it is positively charged or negatively charged. By doing it this way, I can say positive and negative charge throughout the rest of the presentation. It is not intended for the students to understand the principle parts of matter nor understand concepts related to the nucleus and creation of charge.
Sources
Electricity can be generated from a variety of sources. Most of these sources are tangible to the students through pictures or simple comparisons of everyday life. For instance, hydropower is generated by falling water. Mention to the students that it is like putting a little turning motor under the bathtub facet and running the water over the motor. The motor turns and generates or stores electricity. Mention to them that the “energy” to turn the motor comes from the height of the falling water. Point out to them that this is the way some dams are used.
Sources
This is a helpful way to introduce all the sources as well. With pictures, the students can easily distinguish between the sources better than they can by just seeing the written names.
The Power Grid
This slide helps connect how we use the “energy” from one of the previously mentioned sources to power things in our home. It is done by way of the electric power grid. This grid starts after the “energy” from a source has been converted by machines into usable electricity. Now, the electricity must follow a path to get to our homes. This path is known as the power grid and has many parts which fulfill a specific function.
The Power Grid in pictures
This page is provided to give a visual association to the parts of the power grid. Some pieces of the power grid have hard names that are uncommon to the students. These pictures can help the student remember a particular part of the power grid and its place or function even if they forget its actual name.
Electric Vocabulary
I use this slide to briefly give a definition of each of these terms, having the students repeat the words. I emphasize that a circuit requires a source (energy) and a load to power such as a lamp or light bulb. After explaining the basics parts of the circuit, describe to them that a power outage is a break in the circuit. A circuit has to be a connected loop for electricity to get where it is supposed to go. A transformer helps “transform” the electricity to a form (steps it down) that powers the things in your house. Without transformers, the electricity coming into our homes would break our appliances and TV’s(too much electricity). With insulator and conductor, it is easy to tell them that one allows electricity to flow through it (conductor) while the other does not (insulator). With proton and electron, I ask them the charge--positive or negative-- as explained earlier.
No Electricity
Electricity is beneficial to us all the time. This slide helps put a realistic perspective on how much electricity plays a role in our everyday life. Asking a few simple questions helps the students think about how their lives would be affected without electricity.
Inventors and Inventions
With the discovery of electricity, it is time to give thanks to those who have invented items using electricity that benefit us in so many ways. These next two slides are good because they can be used to test the student’s ability to memorize dates, names, and inventions. It teachs some history as well.
More Inventors and Inventions
Part II
The second part of this slide show presents a few of the hands-on lab stations that should be setup around the classroom for the students to experiment with electricity. The slides cover the materials needed, a diagram of the setup, and the directions for each activity. For 2nd graders, a teacher or volunteer needs to be with the kids at each of the four stations. All of these stations helped keep the students active and participating while I presented the material. These slides are to be used as a reference for the teacher or shown as a wrap up or review of the activities for the students.
Magnets
In Part I, the idea of positive and negative charges was introduced. Since magnets have a positive and a negative charge, they are very useful tools in illustrating charge (because they can push or pull other things as well as each other). They also teach the students about things they cannot see. You cannot see the magnetic field, but when the magnets repel or attract each other, you know that some type of charge or magnetic field is present.
Directions
Diagram (bar magnets are best)
Static Electricity
This station is set up to teach the students a little more about energy that is around us as well as teaching about charges and transfer of charge. By rubbing the balloon on your head or sweater, charges are transferred and the balloon becomes charged. You can then use the charge in the balloon to make a light bulb flicker (needs to be dark) or pick up small squares of paper. The longer you rub the balloon (to a certain maximum point) the more pieces of paper the balloon can pick up.
Directions
Diagram (a sweater works best for rubbing or wool fabric)
Insulators and Conductors
The best way to understand the difference between conductors and insulators is to try some of them out. If you do not know whether a material will conduct electricity, it is easy to test with a little basic circuit. The results are simple to interpret. If the light goes on, the material placed in the circuit is a conductor, and if it does not go on then the material is an insulator. The circuit constructed will use the 9-volt battery as the source, a low voltage LED (light emitting diode) as the light, and wires with alligator clips. A connection is left open between two alligator clips connected to each wire in order to insert the insulators and conductors.
Directions
Diagram
Circuit Trivia
The idea behind this activity is to get the students to think about differences in the materials that conduct electricity. For instance, some metals conduct better than others. This is due to their greater ability to carry or conduct charge. The same principle holds between a cup full of regular tap water and a cup full of salt water. The additional “ions” available in the salt water mix allow for the water to conduct electricity better, making the LED light up brighter than in regular water.
Directions
Diagram
Part III
The purpose of this section is to provide the students with some idea of how much it actually costs to run common appliances and how they can “wheel and deal” with their folks for more allowance by conserving electricity. This section also emphasizes safety, providing answers to a few fun trivia questions like why birds on power lines do not get shocked. A guest speaker from the local electric power association volunteered to come in and speak on safety as well. The speaker gave a “walk around” at the school pointing out junction boxes and other parts of the power grid such as transformers that are present at the school.
Basic Electric Bill
This is a good way to familiarize the students with where things are located on a bill. Get them to bring in some examples of their bills from home. Some bills have the square footage of the apartment or house, but you can also get an idea of cost based on the number of bedrooms and bathrooms. This might help teach the students that a larger house requires more electricity to heat and cool or that larger families use more electricity. It also familiarizes them with identifying different things on a form or a bill.
General Cost Table
This table provides some basic figures of cost per hour for different appliances. It helps the students understand which appliances cost more to run per hour.
Safety
One of the most important things to remember about electricity is that it can be very DANGEROUS if used improperly. These are some safety tips to emphasize to the students. The image at the top right is often around or on most types of electrical appliances or equipment.
Safety in a Storm
These are a few tips for the students to avoid danger from lightning during a storm.
Trivia
1. The bird is only touching one wire. If the bird was to touch two wires at the same time or another object and the wire at the same time, the electricity would then flow through the bird. Birds have been doing this forever, so they are pretty smart around electricity.
2. Lightning can come in a few different forms such as cloud to cloud or cloud to ground. Either type exploits weaknesses in the air and occurs when charges in the clouds or ground align in such a way that the attraction between opposite charges creates a spark. The extra charge is then discharged into the ground or air depending on which type of lightning occurs. Lighting is a way for clouds to release built up charge in a sense. The references provided at the end suggest reading materials that may be researched to provide a more in depth description for the students. This is a brief explanation for the purpose of the slide show. Howstuffworks.com is a great place to begin learning about lightning and the power grid.
Lightning
A visual example of how lighting works including how fast light and sound travel. The differences in how fast light and sound travel help us to understand why we see lightning and then hear thunder. This time difference also allows us to determine how far away the lighting bolt or storm is from us. Every 4.5 seconds you count after seeing the lighting to hearing the thunder sound is how many miles the storm is away from you. For instance, if you count to 9, then the storm or lightning is 2 miles away.
Guest Speaker Notes
Contact your local Electric Power Association for a guest speaker. They often have a representative who talks to school age kids.
Part IV
This part is provided to challenge the students at any elementary grade level. The additional hands-on tools also provide a better understanding of how electricity works and how we get and use solar power.
Exploring Solar Power
Let the students look at the purchased solar racer or a blown up image of the solar racer and discuss some of the features. Look at where the solar panel is mounted, the thickness of the wheels, and discuss the importance of weight and aerodynamics of the car. It is these kinds of observations that engineers make to design better products.
Solar Power Kits
These are images of some of the solar power kits that can be purchased from Edmund Scientific. Any or all would be a great addition to the classroom.
Solar Powered Cars
Each of these helps the students understand the requirements of the space rover because in space you get a good view of the sun. Both kits allow the students to play with a solar powered car, observing the advantages and disadvantages to using solar energy as the power source. They can also make comments about the car’s design.
Solar Power Options
These materials are optional. A teacher may want to build extra things that are solar powered or just have students experiment with pieces to build something of their own.
The Electric Box
The electric box (if purchased) can be purchased at your local radio shack store. It allows the students to operate different sensors to make sounds or light up based on how you change connections and push and turn knobs. It is a good way to see how changing one thing affects another. It is also a good way to learn about electricity usiing inquiry based learning skills.
The Electric Box
An image of the electric box from radio shack.
Design
Just a thought to get the students (upper level students) to put everything they have learned about electricity into practice.
References
More References
Materials List
The following slides include as much information about the items listed as possible. All were quoted from the internet and can be purchased that way as well. This serves as a good starting point for any teacher needing just a few materials to help teach electricity and make it fun with activities, gadgets, and background literature or posters.
