This document compares five methodologies for generating a typical meteorological year (TMY) using 15 years of weather data from Chillán, Chile. Ten TMYs were created using different weighting factors in the methodologies. The TMYs were evaluated in TRNSYS simulations of a solar hot water system to calculate the solar factor for each TMY and year of data. The most representative TMY was determined to be the one generated using the ASHRAE methodology based on dew point temperatures, as it had the lowest differences in solar factor values compared to the 15 years of actual data. This TMY is recommended for future solar thermal studies in Chillán.
G. Marcon, M. Chiodi, G. Adelfio, 30 Novembre - 1 Dicembre 2021 -
Webinar: I cambiamenti climatici: sfide ed aspetti evolutivi dei sistemi statistici
Titolo: L'analisi dei cambiamenti climatici attraverso modelli statistici e teoria dei valori estremi
This document discusses statistical downscaling using the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM). It describes SDSM as a tool for assessing local climate change impacts that facilitates the development of climate scenarios through empirical relationships between regional predictors from global climate models and local predictands. The document outlines the 7 main steps in SDSM: quality control and data transformation, screening predictor variables, model calibration, weather generation, statistical analysis, scenario generation, and graphing monthly statistics.
Use of the German Weather Services KLAM Model to Investigate the Cold Air Dra...IES / IAQM
The document discusses the use of the German Weather Services KLAM_21 model to simulate cold air drainage flows in valleys. The single-layer model predicts the depth, heat deficit, velocity and direction of cold air flows based on surface heat loss, advection, momentum equations and optional tracer dispersion. Key inputs are terrain, land use and local heat loss rates. The model is best suited for idealized simulations under fair weather conditions due to simplifications but has been validated and applied for air quality and frost protection assessments.
This presentation created and addressed by Jesús Fernandez (University of Cantabria) in the intensive three day course from the BC3, Basque Centre for Climate Change and UPV/EHU (University of the Basque Country) on Climate Change in the Uda Ikastaroak Framework.
The objective of the BC3 Summer School is to offer an updated and multidisciplinary view of the ongoing trends in climate change research. The BC3 Summer School is organized in collaboration with the University of the Basque Country and is a high quality and excellent summer course gathering leading experts in the field and students from top universities and research centres worldwide.
This talk presents a prototype data-driven wildfire spread simulator capable of correcting inaccurate predictions of the fire front position and of subsequently providing an optimized forecast of the wildfire behavior. The potential of the prototype simulator is highlighted on a reduced-scale controlled grassland fire experiment.
The prototype simulator features:
● an Eulerian front-tracking solver that treats the fire as a propagating interface at regional scales
● a series of observations of the fire front position
● a data assimilation algorithm based on an Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), which features a state estimation approach directly correcting the fire front position.
Best Student Paper Award
➞ Rochoux, M.C., Emery, C., Ricci, S., Cuenot, B., and Trouvé, A. (2014) Towards predictive simulation of wildfire spread at regional scale using ensemble-based data assimilation to correct the fire front position, in Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium, International Association for Fire Safety Science.
This document summarizes a study that expanded on previous research to develop statistical models for ultra short-term forecasting of temperature and wind speed using data from 23 weather stations. The models used stepwise regression to select the most powerful predictors at different lead times. Results showed the statistical forecasting system had a small but positive skill score compared to persistence for forecasts up to 30 minutes for both temperature and wind speed, demonstrating the value of past observations for ultra short-term forecasting, though skill dropped off after 30 minutes.
Delineation of Mahanadi River Basin by Using GIS and ArcSWATinventionjournals
Precipitation is the significant segment of hydrologic cycle and this essential wellspring of overflow. In hydrological models precipitation as information, release is mimicked at the outlet of a watershed. Exactness of release re-enactment relies on drainage zone of the watershed. Therefore in the present work Mahanadi river basin lying within Odisha (drainage area approximately 65000 sq. km.) has been delineated in to five subbasins based on the five CWC operated discharge sites in Odisha. In the present work Arc-Swat has been used to delineate the watershed with the help of the (digital elevation model) DEM. At last as indicated by area of release locales, the aggregate study range was isolated into five sub-basins in particular Kesinga, Kantamal, Salebhata, Sundergarh and Tikarpada. It was observed that number of sub-watersheds into which the study area is being depicted relies on number of outlets and density of drainage. For a specific number of outlets, the thick is the density of drainage the more is the quantity of sub-watershed and the other way around.
G. Marcon, M. Chiodi, G. Adelfio, 30 Novembre - 1 Dicembre 2021 -
Webinar: I cambiamenti climatici: sfide ed aspetti evolutivi dei sistemi statistici
Titolo: L'analisi dei cambiamenti climatici attraverso modelli statistici e teoria dei valori estremi
This document discusses statistical downscaling using the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM). It describes SDSM as a tool for assessing local climate change impacts that facilitates the development of climate scenarios through empirical relationships between regional predictors from global climate models and local predictands. The document outlines the 7 main steps in SDSM: quality control and data transformation, screening predictor variables, model calibration, weather generation, statistical analysis, scenario generation, and graphing monthly statistics.
Use of the German Weather Services KLAM Model to Investigate the Cold Air Dra...IES / IAQM
The document discusses the use of the German Weather Services KLAM_21 model to simulate cold air drainage flows in valleys. The single-layer model predicts the depth, heat deficit, velocity and direction of cold air flows based on surface heat loss, advection, momentum equations and optional tracer dispersion. Key inputs are terrain, land use and local heat loss rates. The model is best suited for idealized simulations under fair weather conditions due to simplifications but has been validated and applied for air quality and frost protection assessments.
This presentation created and addressed by Jesús Fernandez (University of Cantabria) in the intensive three day course from the BC3, Basque Centre for Climate Change and UPV/EHU (University of the Basque Country) on Climate Change in the Uda Ikastaroak Framework.
The objective of the BC3 Summer School is to offer an updated and multidisciplinary view of the ongoing trends in climate change research. The BC3 Summer School is organized in collaboration with the University of the Basque Country and is a high quality and excellent summer course gathering leading experts in the field and students from top universities and research centres worldwide.
This talk presents a prototype data-driven wildfire spread simulator capable of correcting inaccurate predictions of the fire front position and of subsequently providing an optimized forecast of the wildfire behavior. The potential of the prototype simulator is highlighted on a reduced-scale controlled grassland fire experiment.
The prototype simulator features:
● an Eulerian front-tracking solver that treats the fire as a propagating interface at regional scales
● a series of observations of the fire front position
● a data assimilation algorithm based on an Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), which features a state estimation approach directly correcting the fire front position.
Best Student Paper Award
➞ Rochoux, M.C., Emery, C., Ricci, S., Cuenot, B., and Trouvé, A. (2014) Towards predictive simulation of wildfire spread at regional scale using ensemble-based data assimilation to correct the fire front position, in Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium, International Association for Fire Safety Science.
This document summarizes a study that expanded on previous research to develop statistical models for ultra short-term forecasting of temperature and wind speed using data from 23 weather stations. The models used stepwise regression to select the most powerful predictors at different lead times. Results showed the statistical forecasting system had a small but positive skill score compared to persistence for forecasts up to 30 minutes for both temperature and wind speed, demonstrating the value of past observations for ultra short-term forecasting, though skill dropped off after 30 minutes.
Delineation of Mahanadi River Basin by Using GIS and ArcSWATinventionjournals
Precipitation is the significant segment of hydrologic cycle and this essential wellspring of overflow. In hydrological models precipitation as information, release is mimicked at the outlet of a watershed. Exactness of release re-enactment relies on drainage zone of the watershed. Therefore in the present work Mahanadi river basin lying within Odisha (drainage area approximately 65000 sq. km.) has been delineated in to five subbasins based on the five CWC operated discharge sites in Odisha. In the present work Arc-Swat has been used to delineate the watershed with the help of the (digital elevation model) DEM. At last as indicated by area of release locales, the aggregate study range was isolated into five sub-basins in particular Kesinga, Kantamal, Salebhata, Sundergarh and Tikarpada. It was observed that number of sub-watersheds into which the study area is being depicted relies on number of outlets and density of drainage. For a specific number of outlets, the thick is the density of drainage the more is the quantity of sub-watershed and the other way around.
Met Éireann has expanded from monitoring Irish climate to conducting climate modelling. It was initially involved in regional climate modelling through projects like C4I. It has since joined the EC-Earth consortium to run its own global climate model. EC-Earth simulations will be contributed to CMIP5 and used for national climate impact research. Met Éireann also maintains regional modelling capabilities and plans high-resolution regional simulations.
Optimization and Statistical Learning in Geophysical Applications AndreyVlasenko15
The sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are believed to be the most important factor of the forced atmospheric circulation, which causes temperature anomalies (i.e., anomalously warm/cold winter). We present two independent methods for predicting temperature over 2 meters(T2M) from SST. The first method uses a statistical learning algorithm based on maximum correlation analysis; the second method relies on algorithmic differentiation of the climate model: estimation of T2M sensitivity to SST.
Prognostic Meteorological Models and Their Use in Dispersion ModellingIES / IAQM
This document discusses prognostic meteorological models and their use in dispersion modelling. It focuses on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. It describes WRF's development and capabilities, and provides an example of its use in an air quality modelling case study in the Middle East. The key findings are that WRF can simulate source location meteorology with relative accuracy compared to observations, provides upper-air data at source locations, and is an alternative source of meteorological data for locations without observation systems. The document questions WRF's potential application in the UK.
[PowerPoint 2019
Original design and layout may be distorted.]
Contains history of weather prediction from the ancient times and how math is involved. Also includes applications of weather prediction.
The document discusses Mahoney's tables, which are a set of reference tables used to guide climate-appropriate building design. The tables use readily available climate data like temperature, humidity and rainfall to classify a location's climate and indicate appropriate design recommendations. The tables involve entering monthly climate data, comparing it to comfort levels, identifying humid/arid conditions over the year, and looking up schematic and design development recommendations based on the results. The document also discusses using other methods like bioclimatic charts, psychrometric charts and software to analyze a site's climate factors and their effects.
1.1 Climate change and impacts on hydrological extremes (P.Willems)Stevie Swenne
Presentation of Patrick Willems (KU Leuven) on 'Climate change and impacts on hydrological extremes' during the conference 'Environmental challenges & Climate change opportunities' organised by Flanders Environment Agency (VMM)
Convective Heat Transfer Measurements at the Martian SurfaceSamet Baykul
DATE: 2018.11.28
This is a review of an article which introduces a new sensing method to characterize the convective wind activity on the surface of Mars
TOPICS:
• Introduction
• Objective of the Study
• Cited Studies
• Setup
• Mathematical Model
• Experimental Backing
• Results and Discussions
• Conclusions
• Suggestions
1) The 2018 drought in Europe had a significant impact on net ecosystem exchange (NEE) over Europe.
2) Atmospheric CO2 observations and transport models estimated that annual NEE over Temperate Europe was 0.09±0.06 PgC/y higher than the 2009-2018 average, making the region nearly carbon neutral.
3) Decreased carbon uptake was especially pronounced in summer, likely due to soil water deficits caused by the drought.
Implementation of Data Mining Techniques for Meteorological Data Analysis Arofiah Hidayati
1) The document discusses the implementation of data mining techniques like outlier analysis, clustering, prediction, classification, and association rule mining on meteorological data from Gaza City over a nine year period.
2) Clustering analysis identified four clusters that correspond to different seasons - winter, summer, autumn, and spring. Prediction models used neural networks and linear regression to forecast daily temperatures.
3) Classification techniques categorized weather records as hot, warm, or cold. Association rule mining extracted rules about rainfall predictions based on temperature, humidity, and wind speed values.
1) The document analyzes the relationship between extreme precipitation events in the Gulf of Mexico region and climate change indicators like sea surface temperature and atmospheric CO2 levels.
2) It finds a statistically significant relationship, with extreme precipitation events becoming more likely as Gulf SSTs and CO2 levels increase. Using this relationship, it estimates that Hurricane Harvey in 2017 was a "very likely" 1,000-year rainfall event or rarer when accounting for climate change factors.
3) The analysis uses several statistical methods like generalized extreme value distributions and point process models to analyze extreme precipitation event data at different spatial scales and relate the frequency of extreme events to climate change indicators while accounting for seasonal and other factors.
This document summarizes a study on projecting future forest fire danger in the Mediterranean region using regional climate models from the ENSEMBLES project. It finds that using maximum temperature and minimum relative humidity as proxies, it can estimate the Canadian Fire Weather Index to assess fire danger from the climate model output. Analyzing multiple regional climate models driven by two global models reveals a robust positive signal of increased fire danger potential over large areas of the Mediterranean in the future, with the signal strengthening later in the century.
Climate change is projected to impact drastically in southern African during the 21st century
under low mitigation futures (Niang et al., 2014). African temperatures are projected to rise
rapidly, in the subtropics at least at 1.5 times the global rate of temperature increase (James
and Washington, 2013; Engelbrecht et al., 2015). Moreover, the southern African region is
projected to become generally drier under enhanced anthropogenic forcing (Christensen et
al., 2007; Engelbrecht et al., 2009; James and Washington, 2013; Niang et al., 2014). These
changes in temperature and rainfall patterns will plausibly have a range of impacts in South
Africa, including impacts on energy demand (in terms of achieving human comfort within
buildings and factories), agriculture (e.g. reductions of yield in the maize crop under higher
temperatures and reduced soil moisture), livestock production (e.g. higher cattle mortality as
a result of oppressive temperatures) and water security (through reduced rainfall and
enhanced evapotranspiration) (Engelbrecht et al., 2015).
This document discusses using a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to forecast precipitation in Mt. Kenya region. It fits various SARIMA models to monthly precipitation data from 1970 to 2011 and selects the best model with the lowest AIC and BIC values. The best model was found to be SARIMA(1,0,1)x(1,0,0)12, which had two statistically significant variables and passed diagnostic checks. Forecast accuracy statistics for this model, including ME, MSE, RMSE and MAE, indicated the SARIMA model provides a good method for precipitation forecasting in Mt. Kenya region.
The document discusses using big data technologies for environmental forecasting and climate prediction at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC). It outlines three key areas: 1) Developing capabilities for air quality forecasting using data streaming; 2) Implementing simultaneous analytics and high-performance computing for climate predictions; 3) Developing analytics as a service using platforms like the Earth System Grid Federation to provide climate data and services to users. The BSC is working on several projects applying big data, including operational air quality and dust forecasts, high-resolution city-scale air pollution modeling, and decadal climate predictions using workflows and remote data analysis.
This document summarizes a presentation analyzing hourly temperature and energy data from Barrow, Alaska between 1985-2017. A model was created that found: 1) CO2 concentrations played an important role in explaining the positive net inward energy imbalance. 2) Temperature data was best explained by including CO2 concentrations as an explanatory variable, rather than alternative drivers. 3) The model accurately predicted out-of-sample temperature and energy data, supporting the role of CO2 in increasing temperatures. The analysis provides evidence that contradicts views of climate change deniers.
1) The CESAR project aims to model urban climate in the Randstad region through assessing model performance, sensitivity studies of important parameters, and impacts of weather events and spatial configurations on meteorological fields.
2) Key activities include deriving geometric and thermodynamic parameters from observations, validating models against temperature, humidity and wind modifications, and assessing relationships between urban heat island intensity, thermal comfort and urban features.
3) The model will be run for various weather, spatial and socioeconomic scenarios to provide updates for implementation in the Urban Strategy model and complete research publications.
Weather forecasting is the prediction of the state of the atmosphere for a given location using the application of science and technology. This includes temperature, rain, cloudiness, wind speed, and humidity. Weather warnings are a special kind of short-range forecast carried out for the protection of human life. This module explains the details of weather forecasting.
A model simulation of temperature in ilorin, nigeriaAlexander Decker
1. The document describes a model simulation of temperature in Ilorin, Nigeria that was developed using temperature data collected daily from 2004-2006.
2. The model was used to predict monthly mean temperatures for 2004-2006, which showed close agreement with observed temperatures.
3. Statistical analysis found high correlation coefficients between observed and predicted monthly mean temperatures, indicating the model can accurately predict future temperatures in Ilorin.
11.a model simulation of temperature in ilorin, nigeriaAlexander Decker
1. The document presents a model for simulating monthly mean temperature in Ilorin, Nigeria.
2. Temperature, humidity, and pressure data were collected daily from 2004-2006 and used to develop the model.
3. The model was able to accurately predict monthly mean temperatures for 2004-2006 with correlation coefficients between 0.93-0.99 when compared to observed data.
Met Éireann has expanded from monitoring Irish climate to conducting climate modelling. It was initially involved in regional climate modelling through projects like C4I. It has since joined the EC-Earth consortium to run its own global climate model. EC-Earth simulations will be contributed to CMIP5 and used for national climate impact research. Met Éireann also maintains regional modelling capabilities and plans high-resolution regional simulations.
Optimization and Statistical Learning in Geophysical Applications AndreyVlasenko15
The sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are believed to be the most important factor of the forced atmospheric circulation, which causes temperature anomalies (i.e., anomalously warm/cold winter). We present two independent methods for predicting temperature over 2 meters(T2M) from SST. The first method uses a statistical learning algorithm based on maximum correlation analysis; the second method relies on algorithmic differentiation of the climate model: estimation of T2M sensitivity to SST.
Prognostic Meteorological Models and Their Use in Dispersion ModellingIES / IAQM
This document discusses prognostic meteorological models and their use in dispersion modelling. It focuses on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. It describes WRF's development and capabilities, and provides an example of its use in an air quality modelling case study in the Middle East. The key findings are that WRF can simulate source location meteorology with relative accuracy compared to observations, provides upper-air data at source locations, and is an alternative source of meteorological data for locations without observation systems. The document questions WRF's potential application in the UK.
[PowerPoint 2019
Original design and layout may be distorted.]
Contains history of weather prediction from the ancient times and how math is involved. Also includes applications of weather prediction.
The document discusses Mahoney's tables, which are a set of reference tables used to guide climate-appropriate building design. The tables use readily available climate data like temperature, humidity and rainfall to classify a location's climate and indicate appropriate design recommendations. The tables involve entering monthly climate data, comparing it to comfort levels, identifying humid/arid conditions over the year, and looking up schematic and design development recommendations based on the results. The document also discusses using other methods like bioclimatic charts, psychrometric charts and software to analyze a site's climate factors and their effects.
1.1 Climate change and impacts on hydrological extremes (P.Willems)Stevie Swenne
Presentation of Patrick Willems (KU Leuven) on 'Climate change and impacts on hydrological extremes' during the conference 'Environmental challenges & Climate change opportunities' organised by Flanders Environment Agency (VMM)
Convective Heat Transfer Measurements at the Martian SurfaceSamet Baykul
DATE: 2018.11.28
This is a review of an article which introduces a new sensing method to characterize the convective wind activity on the surface of Mars
TOPICS:
• Introduction
• Objective of the Study
• Cited Studies
• Setup
• Mathematical Model
• Experimental Backing
• Results and Discussions
• Conclusions
• Suggestions
1) The 2018 drought in Europe had a significant impact on net ecosystem exchange (NEE) over Europe.
2) Atmospheric CO2 observations and transport models estimated that annual NEE over Temperate Europe was 0.09±0.06 PgC/y higher than the 2009-2018 average, making the region nearly carbon neutral.
3) Decreased carbon uptake was especially pronounced in summer, likely due to soil water deficits caused by the drought.
Implementation of Data Mining Techniques for Meteorological Data Analysis Arofiah Hidayati
1) The document discusses the implementation of data mining techniques like outlier analysis, clustering, prediction, classification, and association rule mining on meteorological data from Gaza City over a nine year period.
2) Clustering analysis identified four clusters that correspond to different seasons - winter, summer, autumn, and spring. Prediction models used neural networks and linear regression to forecast daily temperatures.
3) Classification techniques categorized weather records as hot, warm, or cold. Association rule mining extracted rules about rainfall predictions based on temperature, humidity, and wind speed values.
1) The document analyzes the relationship between extreme precipitation events in the Gulf of Mexico region and climate change indicators like sea surface temperature and atmospheric CO2 levels.
2) It finds a statistically significant relationship, with extreme precipitation events becoming more likely as Gulf SSTs and CO2 levels increase. Using this relationship, it estimates that Hurricane Harvey in 2017 was a "very likely" 1,000-year rainfall event or rarer when accounting for climate change factors.
3) The analysis uses several statistical methods like generalized extreme value distributions and point process models to analyze extreme precipitation event data at different spatial scales and relate the frequency of extreme events to climate change indicators while accounting for seasonal and other factors.
This document summarizes a study on projecting future forest fire danger in the Mediterranean region using regional climate models from the ENSEMBLES project. It finds that using maximum temperature and minimum relative humidity as proxies, it can estimate the Canadian Fire Weather Index to assess fire danger from the climate model output. Analyzing multiple regional climate models driven by two global models reveals a robust positive signal of increased fire danger potential over large areas of the Mediterranean in the future, with the signal strengthening later in the century.
Climate change is projected to impact drastically in southern African during the 21st century
under low mitigation futures (Niang et al., 2014). African temperatures are projected to rise
rapidly, in the subtropics at least at 1.5 times the global rate of temperature increase (James
and Washington, 2013; Engelbrecht et al., 2015). Moreover, the southern African region is
projected to become generally drier under enhanced anthropogenic forcing (Christensen et
al., 2007; Engelbrecht et al., 2009; James and Washington, 2013; Niang et al., 2014). These
changes in temperature and rainfall patterns will plausibly have a range of impacts in South
Africa, including impacts on energy demand (in terms of achieving human comfort within
buildings and factories), agriculture (e.g. reductions of yield in the maize crop under higher
temperatures and reduced soil moisture), livestock production (e.g. higher cattle mortality as
a result of oppressive temperatures) and water security (through reduced rainfall and
enhanced evapotranspiration) (Engelbrecht et al., 2015).
This document discusses using a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to forecast precipitation in Mt. Kenya region. It fits various SARIMA models to monthly precipitation data from 1970 to 2011 and selects the best model with the lowest AIC and BIC values. The best model was found to be SARIMA(1,0,1)x(1,0,0)12, which had two statistically significant variables and passed diagnostic checks. Forecast accuracy statistics for this model, including ME, MSE, RMSE and MAE, indicated the SARIMA model provides a good method for precipitation forecasting in Mt. Kenya region.
The document discusses using big data technologies for environmental forecasting and climate prediction at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC). It outlines three key areas: 1) Developing capabilities for air quality forecasting using data streaming; 2) Implementing simultaneous analytics and high-performance computing for climate predictions; 3) Developing analytics as a service using platforms like the Earth System Grid Federation to provide climate data and services to users. The BSC is working on several projects applying big data, including operational air quality and dust forecasts, high-resolution city-scale air pollution modeling, and decadal climate predictions using workflows and remote data analysis.
This document summarizes a presentation analyzing hourly temperature and energy data from Barrow, Alaska between 1985-2017. A model was created that found: 1) CO2 concentrations played an important role in explaining the positive net inward energy imbalance. 2) Temperature data was best explained by including CO2 concentrations as an explanatory variable, rather than alternative drivers. 3) The model accurately predicted out-of-sample temperature and energy data, supporting the role of CO2 in increasing temperatures. The analysis provides evidence that contradicts views of climate change deniers.
1) The CESAR project aims to model urban climate in the Randstad region through assessing model performance, sensitivity studies of important parameters, and impacts of weather events and spatial configurations on meteorological fields.
2) Key activities include deriving geometric and thermodynamic parameters from observations, validating models against temperature, humidity and wind modifications, and assessing relationships between urban heat island intensity, thermal comfort and urban features.
3) The model will be run for various weather, spatial and socioeconomic scenarios to provide updates for implementation in the Urban Strategy model and complete research publications.
Weather forecasting is the prediction of the state of the atmosphere for a given location using the application of science and technology. This includes temperature, rain, cloudiness, wind speed, and humidity. Weather warnings are a special kind of short-range forecast carried out for the protection of human life. This module explains the details of weather forecasting.
A model simulation of temperature in ilorin, nigeriaAlexander Decker
1. The document describes a model simulation of temperature in Ilorin, Nigeria that was developed using temperature data collected daily from 2004-2006.
2. The model was used to predict monthly mean temperatures for 2004-2006, which showed close agreement with observed temperatures.
3. Statistical analysis found high correlation coefficients between observed and predicted monthly mean temperatures, indicating the model can accurately predict future temperatures in Ilorin.
11.a model simulation of temperature in ilorin, nigeriaAlexander Decker
1. The document presents a model for simulating monthly mean temperature in Ilorin, Nigeria.
2. Temperature, humidity, and pressure data were collected daily from 2004-2006 and used to develop the model.
3. The model was able to accurately predict monthly mean temperatures for 2004-2006 with correlation coefficients between 0.93-0.99 when compared to observed data.
This document summarizes a presentation on climate data and projections focusing on limiting global warming to less than 2 degrees Celsius. It discusses the work of GERICS (the Climate Service Center Germany) in developing solutions for regional climate modeling, impacts analysis, and climate adaptation toolkits. Key points covered include:
- GERICS' interdisciplinary approach to regional climate modeling, impacts assessment, and stakeholder engagement.
- The development of adaptation toolkits for cities, companies, and other sectors to facilitate climate risk assessment and planning.
- An overview of the presentation, covering topics like climate modeling techniques, accessing climate projections data, and visualizing and analyzing climate information.
This document summarizes a student research project that aims to predict climate change in South Texas using data from the CMIP5 climate model. The student analyzed temperature data from the past 50 years and 34 climate models to determine which models best fit observed temperatures. Statistical analysis found the data was normally distributed and showed a significant warming trend over the past 30 years but not the full 50 years. Decision trees identified the best fitting models but the ensemble accuracy was low. Future research will apply additional data mining techniques like random forests to create a more reliable model for predicting regional climate change.
This document describes The Climate Data Factory, a service that aims to make climate projection data easier to access and use for non-climate scientists. It notes that preparing and working with raw climate model data is currently difficult and time-consuming for most users due to issues like different grids, bias, and data volume. The Climate Data Factory addresses these problems by providing re-gridded, bias-corrected, quality-controlled climate model projections that can be easily searched and accessed through their website. This is intended to help various audiences like impact researchers, adaptation practitioners, and consulting engineers make more effective use of climate model data.
Climatology Applied To Architecture: An Experimental Investigation about Inte...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes an experimental investigation that analyzed the internal temperature distribution in two test cells with different roof types on a typical summer day in Brazil. Thermocouples measured the internal surface temperature (IST) and internal air or dry bulb temperature (DBT) at various heights in each test cell - one with a green roof and one with a conventional ceramic roof. The results showed that the IST distribution was almost uniform in both cells, but the conventional cell exhibited a small vertical DBT gradient. The study aimed to establish appropriate guidelines for collecting internal temperature data experimentally and contribute to future comfort and building performance research.
This document discusses generating a typical meteorological year (TMY) or test reference year (TRY) of semi-hourly wind speed data for Armidale, New South Wales, Australia using Finkelstein-Schafer statistics. The study analyzes semi-hourly wind speed observations from 1993-2013 at Armidale Airport and develops a TRY database of average wind speeds. It then compares the wind speed patterns to typical daily household electricity loads in Armidale to recommend proper sizing of battery backups for micro-scale hybrid solar and wind energy systems. The analysis finds that battery capacities may need to be doubled to account for peaks in electricity demand that cannot be met by wind and solar energy alone based on short-
Clustering and Classification in Support of Climatology to mine Weather Data ...MangaiK4
Abstract -Knowledge of climate data of region is essential for business, society, agriculture, pollution and energy applications. Climate is not fixed, the fluctuation in the climate can be seen from year to year.Thedata mining application help meteorological scientists to predictaccurate weather forecast and decisions and also provide more performance and reliability than any other methods. The data mining techniques applied on weather data are efficient when compare to the mathematical models used. Various techniques of data mining are applied on climate data to support weather forecasting, climate scientists, agriculture, vegetation, water resources and tourism. The aim of this paper is to provide a review report on various data mining techniques applied on weather data set in support of weather prediction and climate analysis
This document summarizes challenges in accessing, preparing, and using climate model data for research. It notes that a large volume of climate model data is being produced but is difficult to access and use, particularly for non-climate scientists, as the data is on different grids, may need bias correction, and requires significant time and effort to prepare. Several papers are cited that found most researchers spend over 80% of their time preparing climate data rather than using it. The document discusses ongoing work to address these issues through initiatives like bias correction and the climate data factory project to help process and provide access to model outputs.
Análisis estadístico de la dirección y velocidad del viento en Matehuala S.L.P.Carlos A. Velázquez García
This document analyzes wind speed and direction data from 2010-2015 in Matehuala, Mexico to determine if the area is suitable for wind energy generation. The results show that the highest wind speeds occur during nights in spring and late summer, ranging from 2.2-6.1 m/s on average. Wind speeds throughout the year average between 2.2-4.1 m/s. These wind speeds suggest the area may be suitable for small-scale wind turbine energy generation by connecting multiple small turbines together.
This software simulates the thermal performance of solar water heating systems. It calculates the mass and energy balances in the storage tank each time step based on meteorological data, collector parameters, and hot water load. The software was validated by comparing results to the TRNSYS simulation software, with average hourly temperature differences of 3.73% for Rio de Janeiro and 2.81% for Istanbul, demonstrating satisfactory accuracy.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A New Temperature-Based Model for Estimating Global Solar Radiation in Port-...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document outlines the steps a meteorologist takes to analyze weather data and make forecasts. It discusses collecting data on temperature, pressure, and solar radiation from weather stations. The document then describes performing statistical analysis on this data, including calculating averages, dispersion, and the correlation coefficient between parameters. Finally, it mentions discussing conclusions with classmates after processing and analyzing the meteorological measurements.
Estimation of Solar Radiation over Ibadan from Routine Meteorological Parameterstheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The document describes the challenges of working with climate model data, including large volumes of data, difficulties finding and accessing data from different models and grids, and the need for bias correction and quality control. It then introduces the Climate Data Factory as an innovative service that addresses these issues by re-mapping, bias adjusting, quality controlling and simplifying access to raw CMIP5 and CORDEX climate model data to make it easier to use for impact researchers, adaptation practitioners, and consulting engineers.
Downscaling global climate model outputs to fine scales over sri lanka for as...Pixel Clear (Pvt) Ltd
This proposal seeks funding to downscale global climate model outputs to finer scales over Sri Lanka in order to better assess drought impacts. The objectives are to 1) downscale historical data using statistical and dynamic methods, 2) compute drought indices from the downscaled data and assess their ability to capture past droughts, and 3) downscale future projections to characterize uncertainty in future drought tendencies. Downscaled data will be evaluated against gridded observed drought indices. The goal is to improve understanding of how well models capture Sri Lankan climate variability and drought, and assess near-term climate change impacts on drought with associated uncertainty.
ANNUAL PRECIPITATION IN SOUTHERN OF MADAGASCAR: MODELING USING HIGH ORDER FUZ...ijfls
The objective of this research is to find the best conventional high order fuzzy time series model for annual precipitation series in southern Madagascar. This work consists on finding the hyper parameters (number of partition of the universe of discourse and model order) to obtain the best conventional high
order fuzzy time series model for our experimental data. In previous works, entitled spatial and temporal variability of precipitation in southern Madagascar, we subdivided the study area between 22 ° S to 30 ° S latitude and 43 ° Eto 48 ° E longitude into four zones of homogeneous precipitation. In this article, we seek to model annual precipitation data representative of one of these four areas. These data were taken between 1979 and 2017. Our approach consists on subdividing the data: data obtained from 1979 to 2001 (60%) for the training and data from 2002 to 2017 (40%) to test the model. To determine the number of partitions and model order, we fix first the number of partitions to 10 and then to 15, 20, 25,30, 35, 40, 45 and 50.For each of these values, we vary the model order from 1 to 10.Thenwe locate the model order which corresponds to the minimum of the average curve between the Mean Absolute Errors (MAE) between the training data and the test data. Thus, the orders of the candidate model are 2, 3, 5, and 6.The next step is to fix the model order with the previous values and vary the number of partitions from 3 to 50.For each couple of hyper parameter of the model (number of partitions, model order), we locate the value of number of partitions corresponding to the minimum of the average curve between the absolute mean of the errors or MAE (Mean Absolute Error) between the train and test data. We obtain the hyper-parameter pairs (37, 2), (20, 3), (35, 5) and (35, 6).The first pair gives the lowest Mean Absolute Error. As a final result, we obtain the best high order fuzzy time series model with hyperparameters umber of partition equals thirty seven and of order equals two for annual precipitation in Southern of Madagascar.
This document describes the generation of a typical meteorological solar radiation year (TMY) for Armidale, New South Wales, Australia using 23 years of daily global solar radiation data. The Finkelstein-Schafer statistical method was used to select the most representative year of data for each month based on how closely its cumulative frequency distribution matched the long-term monthly average. The resulting typical year showed monthly average radiation values ranging from a low of 10.41 MJ/m2 in June to a high of 25.88 MJ/m2 in December. Comparison of the TMY data to the long-term monthly averages showed good agreement, indicating the TMY successfully captured typical solar conditions for Armidale
This document proposes methods for generating electricity from speed breakers. It discusses 5 classifications of speed breaker power generators that use different mechanisms: 1) a chain drive mechanism, 2) a rack and pinion system, 3) direct use of the load through a reciprocating device, 4) a translator and stator topology, and 5) a pressure lever mechanism. The document also outlines the advantages of using speed breakers for power generation such as low cost and maintenance and being a renewable source. Some challenges are also noted such as selecting a suitable generator and dealing with rain damage.
Cassava waste water was used as an admixture to replace distilled water in ratios of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% for producing sandcrete blocks. 60 sandcrete blocks of size 450mm x 150mm x 225mm were produced with different admixture ratios and a control with 0% admixture. The blocks were cured for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days and then tested for moisture content, specific gravity, water absorption, and compressive strength. Test results showed that blocks with 20% cassava waste water admixture met the minimum compressive strength requirement of 3.30 N/mm2 set by Nigerian standards, indicating the potential of cassava waste water to improve sandcrete block quality and
The document presents a theorem on random fixed points in metric spaces. It begins with introductions to fixed point theory, random fixed point theory, and relevant definitions. The main result is Theorem 3.1, which proves that if a self-mapping E on a complete metric space X satisfies certain contraction conditions involving parameters between 0 and 1, then E has a unique fixed point. The proof constructs a Cauchy sequence that converges to the unique fixed point. The document contributes to the study of random equations and random fixed point theory, which has applications in nonlinear analysis, probability theory, and other fields.
1. The document discusses applying multi-curve reconstruction technology to seismic inversion to improve accuracy and reliability. It focuses on reconstructing SP and RMN curves from well logs that are affected by various distortions.
2. The process of reconstructing the curves involves removing baseline drift, standardizing values, applying linear filtering, and fitting the curves. This removes interference and retains valid lithological information.
3. Reconstructing high quality curves improves the resolution and credibility of seismic inversion results. The method is shown to effectively predict sand distribution with little error.
This document compares the performance of a Minimum-Mean-Square-Error (MMSE) adaptive receiver and a conventional Rake receiver for receiving Ultra-Wideband (UWB) signals over a multipath fading channel. It first describes the UWB pulse shapes and channel model used, including the 6th derivative of the Gaussian pulse and the IEEE 802.15.3a modified Saleh-Valenzuela channel model. It then discusses the Direct-Sequence and Time-Hopping transmission and multiple access schemes for UWB. The document presents the receiver structures for the MMSE adaptive receiver and Rake receiver and compares their performance using MATLAB simulations.
This document summarizes a study on establishing logging interpretation models for reservoir parameters like porosity, permeability, oil saturation, and gas saturation in the Gaotaizi Reservoir of the L Oilfield. Models were developed using core data from 4 wells and include:
1) A porosity model relating acoustic travel time to porosity with an error of 0.92%
2) A permeability model relating permeability to porosity with an error of 0.31%
3) An oil saturation model using resistivity data with empirically determined parameters
4) A method to determine original gas saturation from mercury injection data.
Application of the models improved interpretation precision and allowed recalculation of oil and gas reserves for the
This document discusses predicting spam videos on social media platforms using machine learning. It proposes using attributes like number of likes, comments, and view count to classify videos as spam or not spam. A predictive algorithm is developed that uses threshold values for attributes and natural language processing of comments to classify videos. Testing of the algorithm on a dataset achieved a spam prediction precision of 93.6%. Issues with small datasets decreasing accuracy are also discussed, along with continuing work to address this issue.
1) The study experimentally evaluated the compatibility relationship between polymer solutions and oil layers through core flooding tests with different permeability cores.
2) The results showed that injection rate decreased with increasing polymer concentration and molecular weight, and increased with permeability.
3) Based on the results, boundaries for injection capability were established and a compatibility chart was proposed to guide polymer solution selection for different sedimentary microfacies in the field based on permeability and pore size.
1. The document discusses the identification of lithologic traps in the D3 Member of the Gaonan Region using seismic attribute analysis, acoustic impedance inversion, and sedimentary microfacies analysis.
2. Several lithologic traps were identified in the I and II oil groups of the D3 Member, with the largest trap located between wells G46 and G146X1 covering an area of about 2.35 km2.
3. Impedance inversion, seismic attribute analysis, and sedimentary microfacies characterization using 3D seismic data helped determine the location and development of effective lithologic traps in the thin sandstone-shale interbeds of the target stratum.
This document examines using coal ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Coal ash was substituted for cement at rates of 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight. Testing found that concrete with a 5% substitution of coal ash exhibited only a slight decrease in compressive strength of 2% at 28 days while gaining improved workability. Higher substitution rates of 10% and 15% coal ash led to greater decreases in compressive and tensile strength. The study concludes that a 5% substitution of coal ash for cement provides benefits of reduced cost and improved workability with minimal strength impacts, representing an effective use of a waste material that addresses sustainability.
Accounting professional judgment involves handling accounting events and compiling financial reports according to regulations and standards. However, professional judgment is sometimes manipulated to distort accounting information. The document discusses three ways manipulation occurs: 1) abandoning accounting principles, 2) optional changes to accounting policies, and 3) abuse of accounting estimates. The causes of manipulation include distorted motivations from corporate governance issues and catering to various stakeholder interests. Strengthening supervision and improving the accounting system are proposed to manage manipulation of professional judgment.
The document discusses research on the distribution of oil and water in the eastern block of the Chao202-2 area in China. It establishes standards for identifying oil, poor oil, dry, and water layers using well logging data. Analysis shows structural reservoirs are dominant and fault and sand body configuration control oil-water distribution. Oil-water distribution varies between fault blocks from "up oil, bottom water" to "up water, bottom oil" depending on structure and sand body development.
The document describes an intelligent fault diagnosis system for reciprocating pumps that uses pressure and flow signals as inputs. It consists of hardware for data acquisition and a software system for signal processing, feature extraction, and fault diagnosis using wavelet neural networks. The system was able to accurately diagnose three main fault types - seal ring faults, valve damage, and spring faults - based on differences observed in the pressure curves. Testing on over 12 samples of each fault type achieved a correct diagnosis rate of over 94%. The system provides a fast and effective means of remotely monitoring reciprocating pumps and identifying faults.
This document discusses the application of meta-learning algorithms in banking sector data mining for fraud detection. It proposes using Classification and Regression Tree (CART), AdaBoost, LogitBoost, Bagging and Dagging algorithms for classification of banking transaction data. The experimental results show that Bagging algorithm has the best performance with the lowest misclassification rate, making it effective for banking fraud detection through data mining. Data mining can help banks detect patterns for applications like credit scoring, payment default prediction, fraud detection and risk management by analyzing customer transaction history and loan details.
This document presents a numerical solution for unsteady heat and mass transfer flow past an infinite vertical plate with variable thermal conductivity, taking into account Dufour number and heat source effects. The governing equations are non-linear and coupled, and were solved numerically using an implicit finite difference scheme. Various parameters, including Dufour number and heat source, were found to influence the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. Skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number were also calculated.
The document discusses methods for obtaining a background image using depth information from a depth camera to more accurately extract foreground objects. It finds that accumulating depth images and taking the median value at each pixel provides the most accurate background image. The accuracy of three methods - average, median, and mode - are evaluated using simulated depth data of a captured plane. The median method provides the best results, followed by average, while mode performs worst. More accumulated images provide a more accurate background image across all methods.
This document presents a mathematical model for determining the minimum overtaking sight distance (OSDm) required for an ascending vehicle to safely pass another slower vehicle on a single lane highway with an incline. It defines sight distance, stopping sight distance, perception-reaction time and derives equations to calculate the reaction distance (d1), overtaking distance (d2), vehicle travel distance during overtaking (d3), and total minimum OSDm based on vehicle characteristics, road geometry, and coefficients of friction. The safe overtaking zone is defined as 3 times the minimum OSDm. The model accounts for effects of slope angle and aims to satisfy laws of mechanics for overtaking maneuvers on inclined two-way single lane highways.
This document discusses a novel technique for better analysis of ice properties using Kalman filtering. It summarizes previous research on sea ice segmentation using SAR imagery and dual polarization techniques. It proposes using an automated SAR algorithm along with Kalman filtering to more accurately detect sea ice properties from RADARSAT1 and RADARSAT2 imagery data. The document reviews techniques for image segmentation, dual polarization, PMA detection, and related work on sea ice classification using statistical ice properties, edge preserving region models, and object extraction methods.
This document summarizes a study on the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in bass fish (Morone Saxatilis) caught at Rodoni Cape in the Adriatic Sea in Albania. Samples of bass fish were collected from five sites and analyzed for mercury, lead, and cadmium levels in their muscles. The concentrations of heavy metals varied between fish and sites but were below international limits for human consumption. While the fish were found to be safe for eating, the study recommends continuous monitoring of metal levels in fish from the area due to various factors that can influence metal uptake over time.
This document discusses optimal maintenance policies for repairable systems with linearly increasing hazard rates. It considers a system with a constant repair rate and predetermined availability requirement. There are two maintenance policies: corrective maintenance only, and preventive maintenance at set time intervals. The goal is to determine the preventive maintenance interval that guarantees the availability requirement at minimum cost. Equations are developed to calculate the availability under each policy and the optimal preventive maintenance interval based on both availability and cost. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the decision process in determining the optimal policy.
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham HillLizaNolte
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...Fwdays
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
We will focus special attention on the architectural patterns used in the design of the fintech system, microservices and event-driven architecture, which ensure scalability, fault tolerance, and consistency of the entire system.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during MigrationMydbops
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
Contact us: info@mydbops.com
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"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdf
B04952434
1. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.org
ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719
Vol. 04, Issue 09 (September. 2014), ||V5|| PP 24-34
International organization of Scientific Research 24 | P a g e
Comparison of methodologies for TMY generation using15 years data for Chillan, Chile. Carolina Sepúlveda1, Gabriel Merino2, Francisco Javier Pino3 & Juan Antonio Cañumir4. 1,2(Departamento de Mecanización & Energía, Facultad de Ingeniería Agrícola, Universidad de Concepción.) 3(Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, Escuela Superior de Ingenieros, Universidad de Sevilla) 4(Departamento de Mecanización & Energía, Facultad de Ingeniería Agrícola, Universidad de Concepción.) Abstract: - Typical meteorological year (TMY) is often used in the solar thermal field. Several methods to generate TMYs have been developed. However, results vary depending on the method used, which has a direct effect on the design of solar thermal systems. Because of this, it is necessary to establish a methodology for determining the TMY to be used. In this study were compared, five methods to generate TMYs with different weighting factors. TMYs were generated with weather data of a 15-year period (1998-2012) for Chillán, Chile (latitude 36.6° south). A solar thermal hot water system was evaluated in TRNSYS, using all TMYs generated. It was calculated Solar factor (SF), namely the fraction of solar energy used by the system throughout the year, for each TMYs and the years of data. Mean and median were then calculated for each month to all years. These values were compared to values obtained of SF from the TMYs. The TMY that presented the lowest difference in the 12 months with respect to those values was determined as the most representative. The selected TMY was generated by using ASRHAE based on dew point temperatures, and it is recommended for future studies for Chillán. Keywords: - MATLAB, Meteorological variables, Thermal engineering, TRNSYS, Typical meteorological year.
I. INTRODUCTION
Energy is one of the precious resources in the world, the energy conservation becomes a hot topic around people, not just for deferring the depletion date of fossil fuel but also concerning the environmental impact due to energy consumption. Buildings, particularly fully air conditioned buildings, as one of the major energy consumption sectors, have great potential for energy conservation through energy efficient design, operation and maintenance. In designing new buildings, there are two major types of energy codes, namely prescriptive criteria and performance based criteria [1]. Energy is essential to economic and social development in the world and all energy simulation computer programs require weather data input to drive the thermal models within the simulation tools. A typical year approach can reduce the computational efforts in simulation and weather data handling by using one year instead of multiple years. Also, a consistent form of weather data is ensured so that results from different studies can be compared. Provided that the long term climatic data exist and are of sufficient quality, typical year weather data can be established from the multi-year dataset [2]. Many methods have been suggested to provide the typical meteorological year. Typical meteorological year has been presented in different types for examples TMY2 (NREL 1995) and WYEC2 (ASHRAE 1997) in the United States and Canada and TRY (CEC 1985) in the Europe. The TMY2 and WYEC2 typical weather years contain more solar radiation and illumination data than older formats such as TMY (NCDC 1983), WYEC (ASHRAE 1985) and TRY (NCDC 1981) [3]. The object of this job was development a TMY for Chillan city for future design or studies in thermal engineering, this is the first TMY development in Chile, given that in Chile no account with the necessary years of meteorological data required for its construction. Finally the results of all TMYs were compared through a simulation in TRNSYS, to decide which method could be recommended as the best in the Chillan area. [4, 5].
2. Comparison of methodologies for TMY generation using 15 years data for Chillan, Chile.
International organization of Scientific Research 25 | P a g e
Nomenclature
ASHRAE
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating,
TMY
typical meteorological year
and Air-Conditioning Engineers
WS
weighted sum
CDF
cumulative distribution functions
e
steam of pressure, in present moment
DT
Dew point temperature
eS
saturation of pressure of steam [Pa]
FS
Finkelstein- Schafer
m
Day number of year
FSi
FS statistic for index
n
the number of daily readings in a month
NREL
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
t
ambient temperature or of dry bulb [°C]
NSRDB
National Solar Radiation Data Base (W)
td
dew point temperature [°C]
GSC
radiation outside the terrestrial atmosphere
wi
weighting for index
Hd
diffuse radiation monthly
KT
daily clearness index
QAUX
back up heat
Greek Symbols
QOS
heat useful obtain of sol
δi
absolute difference between the long-term
QT
all heat of system in TRNSYS
CDF and the candidate month CDF at xi
RH
relative humidity
solar declination angle
SD
sum different
Latitude angle
SF
solar factor
S
angular hours
II. METHODS USED TO DEVELOP THE TMYS
The five methods used to develop the TMYs were developed based on the ones described by Sandia laboratories. Data of a 15-year period were provided by the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering of the University of Concepción, Chillán. The method selects a year between 1998 and 2012, which best represents the behavior of the weather data evaluated. The calculation is done using daily data, as observed in Table 1. Difference between methods is the weighting index (w) of each weather datum (see Table 1). The Sandia method considers 4 steps: Step 1 - By using cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) is calculated for each month of january to december, for the fifteen years and the CDFs calculation is repeated but this time with the data of 15 years for each month. Monthly CDFs are compared to the long-term (15 years) CDF by using the Finkelstein-Schafer (FS) statistics method. This is conducted for each meteorological variable. (1) As meteorological indices present different weighting indices depending on the method used, a weighted sum (WS) is calculated per month for every year by using the following equation: (2) Step 2 - Must choose 5 years (candidates) for month between the 15 years. The five candidate are selected by calculating the mean and median between yearly cumulative distribution and the cumulative distribution of all of the years for all variables. Step 3 – One of the five years is selected by eliminating the years that present many consecutive days with dry bulb temperatures above the 67th percentile (consecutive warm days) or below the 33rd percentile (consecutive cool days), or with global horizontal radiation below the 33rd percentile (consecutive low radiation days). These criteria include years that present more consecutive days above or below these percentiles (runs), as well as the years that present zero runs. The year that best meets these persistence criteria is selected as the year to generate the TMY. Step 4 – The 12 selected months are now concatenated to make a complete year. Discontinuities at the month interfaces are smoothed for 6 hours each side (at the end of the month and start of the next month) using curve fitting techniques. For example, 12 hours corresponding to the data of the selected years for January and February are averaged [7-9].
3. Comparison of methodologies for TMY generation using 15 years data for Chillan, Chile.
International organization of Scientific Research 26 | P a g e
Table 1. Meteorological indices and weighting factors for the FS statistics.
Parameters
index
Sandia
NREL
ASHRAE
Lui Yang
Yingni Jiang
Dry bulb temperature
Max
1/24
1/20
5/100
1/24
1/20
Min
1/24
1/20
5/100
1/24
1/20
Mean
2/24
2/20
30/100
2/24
3/20
Dew point temperature
Max
1/24
1/20
2.5/100
-
1/32
or Relative Humidity
Min
1/24
1/20
2.5/100
-
1/20
Mean
2/24
2/20
5/100
4/24
2/20
Wind
Max
2/24
1/20
5/100
2/24
1/20
Mean
2/24
1/20
5/100
2/24
-
Solar radiation
Global
12/24
5/20
40/100
12/24
5/20
Direct
-
5/20
-
-
5/20
III. WEATHER DATA PROCESSING
The first step was to review files and verify measurements units in order to detect missing data in the files. If missing values were detected (not recorded due to problems with measuring equipment), these were completed using different mathematical methods depending on the number of missing values. Linear, quadratic or cubic approximations were used to obtain the most representative curve in R2, as well as the behavior of the weather variable throughout the day. When more than 30 values were missing per day, a method consisting of calculating the average of the averages was used. Available values of the different years were averaged. It then recalculates the average eliminating one year of data, and this step is repeated for each of the years that data are available, to finally calculate the average of the all averages calculated. The obtained value was used to fill in the missing data. This method was implemented in Matlab software. To create a TMY, a program was developed in Matlab software to obtain tables per year with daily data of meteorological parameters. Maximum, minimum and mean values required were identified and saved in Excel files. Dew point temperature (DT) was calculated based on ambient temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) using the following equations [18]. (3) Where, saturation pressure of water vapor (es) is expressed as: (4) Once water vapor saturation pressure was calculated at ambient temperature, partial water vapor pressure (e) was calculated based on RH by applying the equation (3). At dew point, partial water vapor pressure in air equals the water vapor saturation pressure. (5) Therefore, dew point temperature (DT) is: (6) Direct solar radiation [MJ/m2] per day was calculated based on numerical integration in Matlab using Simpson's rule at 15minute intervals, while direct solar radiation was calculated based on equations adapted by Klein & Duffie (1978). This required calculating sun declination angle, hour angle, daily extraterrestrial radiation on a horizontal surface, and daily clarity index, as follows [19]: Sun declination (δ) was calculated by two different methods (equations 7 and 8) and resulting values were averaged. (7) (8) Where, (9) Extraterrestrial radiation on a horizontal surface (Ho) was calculated using the equation:
4. Comparison of methodologies for TMY generation using 15 years data for Chillan, Chile.
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(10) Where solar angle (ωS) at sunset was calculated as: (11) Clarity index (KT) was calculated as: (12) The beam and diffuse radiation (Hb & Hd), For S≤81.4° and KT<0.715 (13) For S≤81.4° and KT≥0.715 (14) For S>81.4° and KT<0.722 (15) For S>81.4° and KT≥0.722 (16) Finally, monthly beam radiation was calculated as: Hb = H - Hd (17) Once data were obtained, TMY files were created through a program developed in Matlab using the different methods described in Table 1. Dew point temperature or relative humidity values were used, which generated a total of 10 different TMYs.
IV. EVALUATION OF THE TMYS
The 10 TMYs generated from weather data of a 15 year-period for Chillán were evaluated using a hot water system simulated in TRNSYS (Figure 1). Parameters for solar-plate collectors used in the simulation were the following: efficiency coefficients; a0=0.747[ ]; a1=15.0984 [kJ/ h m2 K], y a2= 0.0324 [kJ/ h m2 K2] and the panel inclination angle was 45°. Figure 2 shows daily water use, which is used to calculate hot water flow (FW). This calculation was performed considering water use of 30 L of water per person in a 22-apartment building and 4 people per apartment, as shown in Equation 18. Monthly and annual solar factor (SF) values were evaluated for the 10 TMYs and the 15 years of data for Chillán (25 years in total) under different system operating conditions, based on useful heat obtained from the sun (QOS), total heat of system given by TRNSYS (QT) and back up heat (QAUX), as observed in Table 2. Daily profile [l/h] (18) (19) (20) Table 2. Variable modification in the different simulations generated in TRNSYS
System configuration
Collector area [m2]
Temperature hot water [°C]
Volume of hot water stored [m3]
A
40
45
3.00
B
40
60
3.00
C
40
75
3.00
D
50
60
3.00
E
60
60
3.00
F
50
60
3.75
G
50
60
4.00
5. Comparison of methodologies for TMY generation using 15 years data for Chillan, Chile.
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Fig. 1. Diagram of thermal sanitary system for hot water simulated in TRNSYS [19] SF factor was used as an evaluation method to determine which of the 10 TMYs best represented the 15 years of weather data for Chillan. Monthly SF values of the 10 TMYs were compared with the SF values calculated from the weather data measured by UdeC during a period of 15 years for Chillan. The choise of the TMY was conducted based on the value closest to the mean of the monthly average SF value calculated from the 15 years of weather data (1998-2012). Then, the TMY with the lowest sum value of the 12 months based on the differences between the mean and the average was selected as the most representative TMY for Chillán. This was done in all cases presented in Table 2 to determine if the selected TMY changed when varying operating conditions, and to ensure that the selected TMY was the most representative for Chillan. Fig 2. Daily profile of the sanitary thermal system for hot water simulated in TRNSYS
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table 3 shows the 10 TMYs obtained using different calculation methods with their respective weighting factors. This table shows that there are differences between the results with different methodologies used to calculate TMY. Also observed differences if used the dew point temperature (TD) or relative humidity (RH) is used as the calculation parameter. The year 1998 was repeated in the more opportunities in the different TMYs. The same TMY data set was obtained using NREL and Yingni Jiang simulation methods when calculated based on DT. This is because the weighting factors of both methods are very similar. However, when calculated based on RH, the year selected for March and April is different. In all TMYs the years 1998, 1998 and 2001 were selected for the months of February, July and August, respectively.
6. Comparison of methodologies for TMY generation using 15 years data for Chillan, Chile.
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Table 3. Results of the TMYs selection for five different methods using dew point temperature or relative humidity Table 4 shows the results for solar factor (SF) determined from different simulations. SF values range from 0.48 to 0.85 when TMY was generated with TR, while values range from 0.45 to 0.85 when calculated with RH. Regarding SF, hot water temperature required in the configurations solar systems A and C presented the highest and lowest values, respectively. This means that water temperature is highly relevant in the design of these systems. The highest difference was recorded when using the Sandia method calculated with DT, and the lowest when using ASHRAE method calculated with RH. In order to better see the SF variation when modifying hot water temperature, collector area or storage tank volume, were performed three graphs with SF values (Figures 3, 4 and 5). Figure 3 shows a big variation of SF values with temperature, which increases as hot water temperature decreases from 45 to 75 ° C. As the same system has a lower power consumption, solar energy is used more efficiently. For a TMY obtained from DT, equation for this behavior is SF= 0.1679·T+0.9882, with R2=1. Results also indicate that the larger the collector area, the higher the SF obtained (Figure 4). This occurs because there is a larger amount of solar energy. Figure 5 shows that variation in tank volume per TMY is moderately significant, when compared to the other two variables discussed before. However, a variation is observed if the method is calculated with DT or RH. Therefore, the use one or the other meteorological variable results in different TMY data sets. Finally, it can be concluded that simulation results with TRNSYS show what actually happens in this type of hot water systems. Table 4. Result annual solar factor (SF) for different TMYs, developed with dew temperature (DT) or relative humidity (RH)
7. Comparison of methodologies for TMY generation using 15 years data for Chillan, Chile.
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Fig. 3. Different annual solar factors obtained for TMYs calculated using different methods, by varying the temperature of hot water required. To select the TMY for Chillan, differences in average and mean monthly of SF values were analyzed by comparing SF values of 15 years of data and those obtained in each of the evaluated TMYs (Table 5). Values in parentheses indicate the position of the selected TMY with respect to the 25 years of data evaluated. Table 5 includes the most and least representative TMY for designing solar thermal systems for Chillán. The TMY chosen for all evaluated cases was calculated by ASHRAE based on DT (A-DT). Finally the table gives the sum of the differences (SD) of every month from January to December. Values were obtained using the 10 different TMYs evaluated, and compared to the average and mean of SF values of the 15 years of data for Chillan. Fig. 4. Different annual solar factors obtained for TMYs calculated using different methods, by varying the collector area Fig 5. Different annual solar factors obtained for TMYs calculated using different methods, by varying the volume of the storage of hot water.
8. Comparison of methodologies for TMY generation using 15 years data for Chillan, Chile.
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Table 5. TMY selected and the monthly difference of the sum of the mean and median. Figures 6, 7 and 8 contain graphs showing the results of SF for each one of the 15 years and for the selected TMY, what allows identifying how representative the selected TMY. Year 1998 shows the highest SF value but is the year that most repeated among the TMYs created. TMY data sets are developed from daily weather data, but the results of TMY data sets is in hourly weather data, which are used in the TRNSYS simulation software. The year 2003 presents the lowest SF value, and it is selected for the month of March by the two TMYs generated by ASHRAE method. It is observed that the selected TMY is between the results of 1998 and 2003, but it is slightly higher than the annual average of SF values obtained from the different years. The year that best represents the result of annual SF of all years is shown in Table 6, being 1999 and 2006 the years with the most repeated. When using simulation C, the year 2006 was also the one that best represents both annual and monthly SP values. Fig 6. SF values obtained with the different years and TMY selected according at the different temperatures of hot water requirement. Fig 7. SF values obtained with the different years and TMY selected according at the different areas.
9. Comparison of methodologies for TMY generation using 15 years data for Chillan, Chile.
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Fig 8. SF values obtained with the different years and TMY selected according at the different volumes of storage. Table 6. Year with the less difference found between the mean and median of annual SF, calculated with 15 years of data. Figures 9, 10 and 11 show how the SF calculated from the selected TMY adjusts the SF monthly values calculated from the 15 years of data of (1998-2012). It can be observed that monthly values vary considerably, with a difference of up to 0.5 between the results of the year having the highest SP value and those of a the year with the lowest value in a given month. This may be due to the characteristics of the climate in Chile, years moving from dry or rainy weather conditions during El Niño or La Niña years. Solar radiation levels are lower in rainy years than in dry years, while summer months have higher SF levels than the winter months. The difference in monthly results for each year confirms the importance of a proper selection for each month that makes up a TMY. Fig 9. Results of monthly SF obtained with the different years and the selected TMY in the configuration B.
10. Comparison of methodologies for TMY generation using 15 years data for Chillan, Chile.
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Fig 10. Results of monthly SF obtained with the different years and the selected TMY in the configuration D. Fig 11. Results of monthly SF obtained with the different years and the selected TMY in the configuration G.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
Based on the data analyzed for Chillan, it can be concluded that the use of dew point temperature or relative humidity to create TMY data sets, generates different TMYs for the same method. The analysis of the results allows recommending the use of dew point temperature to create TMY date sets, even if the development of TMYs is based on relative humidity and air temperature measurements. Weighting factors of each individual method for TMYs development generates different typical meteorological years. February, June and August were the months in which all TMYs coincide and corresponded to the years 1998, 1998 and 2001, respectively. The same TMY was only obtained using NREL and Jiang Yingni methods based on DT measurements. Therefore, applying one of these methods, even with similar factors, implies obtaining different results in most of the cases. As this will undoubtedly affect the calculations in thermal system designs, it is necessary to identify which method best represents the place so that subsequent calculations can be carried out based on the most representative TMY. The TMY to be used in future designs of solar thermal systems for Chillan was selected by evaluating the TMYs generated with SF values for a thermal hot water system and comparing results to SF values calculated from the 15 years of measured data. In this case, the TMY selected was the one closest to the mean and median of the results obtained in each of the seven simulations (one for each configuration of the solar thermal system) made for each year. The method that best represents Chillan was the ASHRAE method using DT. This method was the one closest to the mean and median of all data in the seven simulations in TRNSYS. Its proximity position moved from 3 to 6 among the 25 years evaluated, which is considered as a reliable value. The second closest TMY data set occupied positions from 7 to 9 and corresponded to N-DT and Y-DT methods, since both generated the same TMY.
11. Comparison of methodologies for TMY generation using 15 years data for Chillan, Chile.
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The selected TMY provides a typical year. Nevertheless, to evaluate a design in the best or worst radiation conditions, a margin of error should be allowed in the upper and lower limits, which may be ± 2 for the winter months and ± 1 for the summer months. Higher or lower radiation levels particularly depend on the winter months during either El Niño or La Niña years (dry or wet years). The construction of a TMY by ASHRAE with DT data using a greater number of years can provide a more representative TMY for Chillan, and also describe weather patterns more accurately. This valuable information can be used for future designs in the area. Based on the results obtained, it can also be concluded that the ASHRAE method should be the one used for TMYs of nearby locations in the future.
VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The work was financially sponsored by the DIUC project named ‘Conservation of fruit through solar refrigeration’, University de Concepción and INNOVA -Biobío. REFERENCES
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