1) The document discusses an experimental study on vibration control of rotating beams using semi-fluids.
2) In the experiment, different grades of grease were embedded between aluminum plates to form a sandwich beam structure. This was tested on a setup with a stepper motor that could rotate the beam at varying RPM.
3) Vibration responses measured using an accelerometer were plotted using LabVIEW software. Results showed that beams with higher viscosity grease embedded had greater vibration attenuation capacity compared to ones with lower viscosity grease or no grease.
This document describes the design and modeling of a linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) to drive an infusion pump. Key points:
- LSRMs are being used more in industries due to advances in power electronics. They have robust builds and don't require transmission systems like gears.
- The authors designed an LSRM-driven infusion pump with improved resolution and power utilization over previous models. They modeled the LSRM and developed control algorithms to precisely control syringe movement and drug dosage.
- The LSRM design process involved first translating specifications to an equivalent rotating switched reluctance motor design. The rotary motor was designed and dimensions converted back to the linear design. Design equations and a procedure are provided
A mass damper is a vibration absorber able to attenuate the vibrations of a structure or a machinery. By a mass damper it's possible to increase the global damping of the system without the necessity to modify the mechanical structure.
The hydraulic force gauges from Erichsen Wuppertal are a low cost solution for obtaining general force measurements.
The robust Erichsen force gauges are designed for measurements in fields such as aviation, mining, steel mills, cable manufacturing, to monitor drills and for field service tasks to verify presses.
Want to learn more about the Erichsen force gauges? Visit http://www.ametektest.com/products/force-gauges/erichsen-hydraulic-force-gauges
This document discusses balancing of rotating members. It defines balancing as restoring a rotor with unbalance to a balanced state by adjusting its mass distribution about its axis of rotation. Balancing is necessary for quiet and high-speed operation, as well as long bearing life. It describes static and dynamic balancing. Static balancing involves balancing in a single plane, while dynamic balancing accounts for masses in multiple planes. Graphical methods using force and couple polygons are presented for determining balancing masses and their positions to achieve dynamic balance. An example problem demonstrates using these methods to balance a shaft with masses in four planes.
Design and Implementation of Conveyor Belt Speed Control using PID for Indust...ijtsrd
A conveyor system is a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that moves materials from one location to another. Many kinds of conveying systems are available, and are used according to the various needs of different industries. The purpose of this project is to improve the existing conveyor machine that located at the methodology lab in AL FALAH UNIVERSITY. This paper gives a review of the belt conveyor technology that focuses on the types of drives and the control system or the controller of the belt conveyor using PID controller. This paper highlights the characteristics, performance measure, requirements and the operational procedure of the belt conveyor drives and control systems. Muhammad Shahid | Md Ghaysuddin "Design and Implementation of Conveyor Belt Speed Control using PID for Industrial Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25294.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/25294/design-and-implementation-of-conveyor-belt-speed-control-using-pid-for-industrial-applications/muhammad-shahid
Analysis and Electricity production by Ocean Current TurbineVishwendra Srivastav
CFD analysis report of NACA profiles blade for designing Ocean current turbine near Andaman & Nicobar island. And the amount of energy that can be generated by the selected profile
DIAPOSITIVAS FISICA I _ MOVIMIENTO PERPETUO _ JUAN ARBOLEDA JuanCarlosArboledaFi
This document describes the design and construction of a perpetual motion machine of the first kind based on solid materials. It provides objectives, background on the laws of thermodynamics, types of perpetual motion machines, materials used, and calculations related to period, frequency, number of revolutions, angular velocity, linear velocity, and distance measurements. Calculations are also shown for errors in time measurements and revolutions per minute over 10 trials. The overall goal is to analyze the behavior of thermodynamic laws in applying a perpetual motion machine and validate experiments through calculations of physical variables related to average revolutions obtained.
Project report on Geneva operated belt conveyor By Indrakumar R PadwaniINDRAKUMAR PADWANI
This document describes a project report on a Geneva operated belt conveyor. It introduces the Geneva mechanism, which converts continuous rotation into intermittent motion. It then describes different types of belt conveyors and conveyor systems. The components of the Geneva belt conveyor system are identified as the driving wheel, driven wheel, conveyor belt, rollers, bearings, and stand. The working of the system is to use the Geneva mechanism to drive the conveyor belt intermittently to transport materials.
This document describes the design and modeling of a linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) to drive an infusion pump. Key points:
- LSRMs are being used more in industries due to advances in power electronics. They have robust builds and don't require transmission systems like gears.
- The authors designed an LSRM-driven infusion pump with improved resolution and power utilization over previous models. They modeled the LSRM and developed control algorithms to precisely control syringe movement and drug dosage.
- The LSRM design process involved first translating specifications to an equivalent rotating switched reluctance motor design. The rotary motor was designed and dimensions converted back to the linear design. Design equations and a procedure are provided
A mass damper is a vibration absorber able to attenuate the vibrations of a structure or a machinery. By a mass damper it's possible to increase the global damping of the system without the necessity to modify the mechanical structure.
The hydraulic force gauges from Erichsen Wuppertal are a low cost solution for obtaining general force measurements.
The robust Erichsen force gauges are designed for measurements in fields such as aviation, mining, steel mills, cable manufacturing, to monitor drills and for field service tasks to verify presses.
Want to learn more about the Erichsen force gauges? Visit http://www.ametektest.com/products/force-gauges/erichsen-hydraulic-force-gauges
This document discusses balancing of rotating members. It defines balancing as restoring a rotor with unbalance to a balanced state by adjusting its mass distribution about its axis of rotation. Balancing is necessary for quiet and high-speed operation, as well as long bearing life. It describes static and dynamic balancing. Static balancing involves balancing in a single plane, while dynamic balancing accounts for masses in multiple planes. Graphical methods using force and couple polygons are presented for determining balancing masses and their positions to achieve dynamic balance. An example problem demonstrates using these methods to balance a shaft with masses in four planes.
Design and Implementation of Conveyor Belt Speed Control using PID for Indust...ijtsrd
A conveyor system is a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that moves materials from one location to another. Many kinds of conveying systems are available, and are used according to the various needs of different industries. The purpose of this project is to improve the existing conveyor machine that located at the methodology lab in AL FALAH UNIVERSITY. This paper gives a review of the belt conveyor technology that focuses on the types of drives and the control system or the controller of the belt conveyor using PID controller. This paper highlights the characteristics, performance measure, requirements and the operational procedure of the belt conveyor drives and control systems. Muhammad Shahid | Md Ghaysuddin "Design and Implementation of Conveyor Belt Speed Control using PID for Industrial Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25294.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/25294/design-and-implementation-of-conveyor-belt-speed-control-using-pid-for-industrial-applications/muhammad-shahid
Analysis and Electricity production by Ocean Current TurbineVishwendra Srivastav
CFD analysis report of NACA profiles blade for designing Ocean current turbine near Andaman & Nicobar island. And the amount of energy that can be generated by the selected profile
DIAPOSITIVAS FISICA I _ MOVIMIENTO PERPETUO _ JUAN ARBOLEDA JuanCarlosArboledaFi
This document describes the design and construction of a perpetual motion machine of the first kind based on solid materials. It provides objectives, background on the laws of thermodynamics, types of perpetual motion machines, materials used, and calculations related to period, frequency, number of revolutions, angular velocity, linear velocity, and distance measurements. Calculations are also shown for errors in time measurements and revolutions per minute over 10 trials. The overall goal is to analyze the behavior of thermodynamic laws in applying a perpetual motion machine and validate experiments through calculations of physical variables related to average revolutions obtained.
Project report on Geneva operated belt conveyor By Indrakumar R PadwaniINDRAKUMAR PADWANI
This document describes a project report on a Geneva operated belt conveyor. It introduces the Geneva mechanism, which converts continuous rotation into intermittent motion. It then describes different types of belt conveyors and conveyor systems. The components of the Geneva belt conveyor system are identified as the driving wheel, driven wheel, conveyor belt, rollers, bearings, and stand. The working of the system is to use the Geneva mechanism to drive the conveyor belt intermittently to transport materials.
This document describes an experimental study on optimizing cutting parameters for milling aluminum alloy 6351. Experiments were conducted using an orthogonal array design with four cutting parameters (speed, feed, depth of cut, tool diameter) each at three levels. The objectives were to minimize surface roughness and maximize material removal rate. Gray relational analysis was used to determine the optimal cutting conditions for the combined objectives. The results showed that feed had the greatest influence on surface roughness, while speed had the least effect on material removal rate. This analysis method provides a means to optimize multiple performance characteristics simultaneously in milling.
Modeling and qualitative analysis of malaria epidemiologyIOSR Journals
We develop and analyze a mathematical model on malaria dynamics using ordinary differential equations, in order to investigate the effect of certain parameters on the transmission and spread of the disease. We introduce dimensionless variables for time, fraction of infected human and fraction of infected mosquito and solve the resulting system of ordinary differential equations numerically. Equilibrium points are established and stability criteria analyzed. The results reveal that the parameters play a crucial role in the interaction between human and infected mosquito.
The document discusses the effects of adding HHO gas produced through water electrolysis on the performance of a single cylinder, four stroke spark ignition engine. Three key findings are presented:
1) The addition of 2.57-2.74% HHO gas to the intake air decreased fuel consumption by 1.95-3.58% compared to petrol alone, with greater decreases at higher compression ratios and higher percentages of HHO gas.
2) Brake thermal efficiency increased by 0.34-0.74% with the addition of HHO gas at compression ratios of 7-9, indicating improved engine performance.
3) Mechanical efficiency increased with both higher compression ratios and higher percentages of added H
Distributed Path Computation Using DIV AlgorithmIOSR Journals
This document summarizes research on distributed path computation algorithms that aim to prevent routing loops. It introduces the Distributed Path Computation with Intermediate Variables (DIV) algorithm, which can operate with any routing algorithm to guarantee loop-freedom. DIV generalizes previous loop-free algorithms and provably outperforms them by reducing synchronous updates and helping maintain paths during network changes. The document also reviews link-state routing, distance-vector routing, and existing loop-prevention techniques like the Diffusing Update Algorithm and Loop Free Invariance algorithms.
User Priority Based Search on Organizing User Search Histories with SecurityIOSR Journals
This document discusses organizing a user's search history into related query groups for improved search experiences. It proposes dynamically grouping queries as a user searches over time based on similarities in query content, clicks, and timestamps. Query groups are identified by comparing new single-query groups to existing groups using thresholds for text similarity, common clicks, and time differences. Group identification involves query reformulation and click graphs constructed from search logs. The goal is to automatically organize a user's complex, multi-step search tasks into coherent query groups for better search history navigation and query suggestions.
Optimal Placement of TCSC and SVC Using PSOIOSR Journals
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a particle swarm optimization technique to determine the optimal placement of TCSC and SVC devices on power systems. The objective is to minimize a cost function that considers the costs of installing the devices, load bus voltage deviations from nominal values, and line loadings. The paper formulates the objective function and describes models for TCSC and SVC devices. It then provides an overview of the particle swarm optimization technique before describing the algorithm used to apply PSO to determine the optimal location and sizing of TCSC and SVC devices on IEEE 14-bus, 30-bus and 57-bus test systems while considering different load levels. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the method.
Design and Simulation of MEMS Based GyroscopeIOSR Journals
This document describes the design and simulation of a MEMS-based gyroscope. It includes:
1) An overview of the mechanical design of the gyroscope, which uses a square plate resonator supported by 4 anchors and driven by comb electrodes.
2) A simulation of the gyroscope in COMSOL Multiphysics to analyze performance, including eigenfrequency analysis and matching the drive and sense modes.
3) Calculation of sensitivity based on the capacitive change measured between the proof mass and detection electrode, resulting from Coriolis acceleration induced by rotation.
In this paper, the terms chained ternary semigroup, cancellable clement , cancellative ternary
semigroup, A-regular element, π- regular element, π- invertible element, noetherian ternary semigroup are
introduced. It is proved that in a commutative chained ternary semigroup T, i) if P is a prime ideal of T and
x ∉ P then n
n 1
x PT
= P for all odd natural numbers n . ii) T is a semiprimary ternary semigroup. iii) If a ε T is
a semisimple element of T, then < a > w ≠ . iv) If < a >w = 𝜙 for all a ε T, then T has no semisimple
elements. v) T has no regular elements, then for any a ε T, < a >w = 𝜙 or < a >w is a prime ideal. vi) If T is a
commutative chained cancellative ternary semigroup then for every non π-invertible element a, < a >w is either
empty or a prime ideal of T. Further it is proved that if T is a chained ternary semigroup with T\T3= { x } for
some x ε T, then i) T\ { x } is an ideal of T. ii) T = xT1T1 = T1xT1 = T1T1x and T 3 = xTT = TxT = TTx is the
unique maximal ideal of T. iii) If a T and a < x >w then a = xn for some odd natural number n > 1.
iv) T\ < x >w = { x, x 3, x5, . . . . .} or T\< x >w ={x, x 3, . . . , xr} for some odd natural number r. v) If a T
and a < x >w then a = xr for some odd natural number r or a = xn sn tn and sn < x >w or tn < x >w
for every odd natural number n. vi) If T contains cancellable elements then x is cancellable element and < x >w
is either empty or a prime ideal of T. It is also prove that, in a commutative chained ternary semigroup T,
T is archemedian ternary semigroup without idempotent elements if and only if < a >w = for every a T.
Further it is proved that if T is a commutative chained ternary semigroup containing cancellable elements and
< a >w = for every a T , then T is a cancellative ternary semigroup. It is proved that if T is a noetherian
ternary semigroup containing proper ideals then T has a maximal ideal. Finally it is proved that if T is a
commutative ternary semigroup such that T = < x > for some x T, then the following are equivalent.
1) T = {x, x2, x3, ............} is infinite. 2) T is a noetherian cancellative ternary semigroup with x xTT.
3) T is a noetherian cancellative ternary semigroup without idempotents. 4) < a >w = for all a T.
5) < x >w = . and if T is a commutative chained ternary semigroup with T ≠ T 3 , then the following are
equivalent. (1) T={x, x 3, x5, . . . . . . .}, where x T\ T 3 (2) T is Noetherian cancellative ternary semigroup
without idempotents. (3) < a >w = for all a T. Finally, it is proved that If T is a commutative chained
noetherian cancellative ternary semigroup without regular elements, then < a >w = for all a T.
Handoff Management protocols MIPV6 and HMIPV6 Comparative analysis in 4G wire...IOSR Journals
The document discusses handoff management protocols for 4G wireless networks, specifically Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6). It provides an overview of handoff processes including network discovery, decision, and execution. It then describes MIPv6, noting it allows continuous communication but can cause interruptions and signaling overhead during handoffs. Finally, it introduces HMIPv6 which aims to reduce signaling traffic and handoff latency by handling local mobility within a region separately from global mobility.
This document proposes an energy efficient three-level model for query optimization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). At the three levels are: base station, cluster heads, and sensor nodes. The base station maintains metadata about cluster heads and sensor nodes. When a query is received, it first checks if the result is cached. If not, it checks the status of cluster heads and selects a new cluster head if needed. The query is then disseminated to cluster heads using a modified Bellman-Ford algorithm. Cluster heads aggregate data from relevant sensor nodes and send the result to the base station. This model aims to minimize communication costs during query processing in WSNs.
This document describes an image denoising technique called the TWIST (Transform With Iterative Sampling and Thresholding) method. It begins with background on common types of image noise like Gaussian, salt-and-pepper, and quantization noise. It then discusses related work using eigendecomposition and the Nystrom extension for denoising. The proposed TWIST method uses the Nystrom extension to approximate the filter matrix with a low-rank matrix, allowing efficient processing of the entire image. It performs eigendecomposition on sample pixels to estimate eigenvalues and eigenvectors, then iterates this process with thresholding to denoise the image while preserving edges.
This document evaluates the mechanical properties of aluminum 2024-based hybrid metal composites. It discusses how aluminum 2024 alloy is commonly used in aircraft structures due to its high strength and fatigue resistance. The document then describes creating aluminum 2024-based composites reinforced with E-glass fibers and fly ash using stir casting. Tensile and compression tests were performed on the composite materials and aluminum 2024 alloy to compare their mechanical properties. The results showed that the composite materials achieved better tensile and compression strength compared to aluminum 2024 alloy alone.
This document summarizes a research paper on using Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) to improve inpatient hospital care. It discusses challenges in the current healthcare system and how machine learning and artificial intelligence could help address issues like overtreatment, inconsistent care quality, and high costs. The paper proposes using MDPs and other algorithms to analyze patient electronic health record data, detect abnormal care patterns, and make real-time predictions to optimize treatment and resource allocation. A web application with modules for patients, doctors and administrators is designed to facilitate this approach. Simulation results suggest it could increase care efficiency by better connecting patients and doctors. Future work may expand this to personalized treatment planning, diagnostic testing optimization and knowledge discovery from medical literature.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes two methods for diagnosing stator short circuit faults in brushless DC motors: Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and wavelet-based fault diagnosis. ANFIS is a neural network combined with fuzzy logic that can model nonlinear functions. It is applied to diagnose faults based on motor parameters. Wavelet transforms are also used to analyze motor current signals and detect characteristic fault frequencies indicating shorts. The paper presents the modeling of a BLDC motor and discusses common motor faults before detailing the proposed ANFIS and wavelet approaches.
This document describes an experimental and numerical study of a steel bridge model through vibration testing. In the experiment, ambient excitation from a moving car model was used to excite the steel bridge model. Accelerometers measured the vibration response, and data was acquired using a LabVIEW program. Ten natural frequencies between 28-166 Hz were identified from the experimental data. Finite element analysis of the steel bridge model in ANSYS found similar natural frequencies and mode shapes to the experiment. The results demonstrate that vibration testing can effectively evaluate the dynamic properties of structures.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the chemical composition of wastewater generated from olive oil production and evaluated its potential use as fertilizer on agricultural land. The study found that the wastewater was acidic but rich in organic matter and nutrients like potassium. Soil analysis before and after application of the wastewater showed increases in organic matter and nutrients. Over 280 days, biochemical and chemical oxygen demand of the wastewater decreased by around 50%, indicating its characteristics were modifying. The high potassium and organic content suggests the wastewater could improve soil quality and be a lower-cost fertilizer, though long term effects require more research.
A Survey of Software Reliability factorIOSR Journals
This document discusses factors that affect software reliability and approaches to improving software reliability. It first defines software reliability and lists some key factors that influence reliability, such as software defects, requirements analysis, cost, size estimation, and how reliability is measured. Requirements analysis factors include feasibility studies, surveys, interviews, and testing. Cost is affected by the programmer's knowledge, software architecture, and resource allocation. The document then outlines two approaches to enhancing software reliability: 1) incorporating fault removal efficiency into reliability growth models by accounting for imperfect debugging and new faults introduced during testing, and 2) analyzing software metrics from object-oriented programs to better measure reliability.
The document proposes a new method for efficient high resolution image reconstruction based on compressed sensing and the Modified Frame Reconstruction Iterative Thresholding Algorithm (MFR ITA). The method involves three phases: 1) input images are processed using multilook processing and discrete wavelet transform to minimize noise, 2) measurements are obtained from sparse coefficients using a proposed fusion method, and 3) a fast compressed sensing method based on MFR ITA is used to reconstruct the high resolution image using total variation. Simulation results show the proposed method achieves better PSNR and SSIM values compared to other traditional methods, and validates its effectiveness in reconstructing images in the presence of noise.
The document discusses factors that cause road damage in Palangka Raya City, Indonesia and analyzes the relationship between these factors and their effect on road damage. It finds that water infiltration, traffic load, climate, construction materials, subgrade conditions, and compaction processes significantly impact road damage on peatland roads. A regression equation is presented relating road damage to these six independent factors.
This document provides a review of using refrigerant blends in existing refrigerator and air conditioning systems. It discusses the history of refrigerants used from early toxic and hazardous natural refrigerants to safer chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). However, CFCs and HCFCs were found to deplete the ozone layer. Alternative refrigerants considered include hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), hydrocarbons (HCs), and refrigerant blends. Refrigerant blends are mixtures of two or more refrigerants that can provide desired characteristics while being safer for the environment than existing refrigerants. The document examines properties and examples of a
Design of Semi-Automatic Vibration Absorber by using FEAIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a semi-automatic dual mass vibration absorber using finite element analysis. The dual mass vibration absorber uses two movable masses that can be tuned to reduce vibrations by moving the masses in or out. Modal analysis using finite elements was conducted to analyze the vibration modes of the absorber. The analysis showed the natural frequencies and mode shapes changed as the mass positions along the rods were varied. The dual mass vibration absorber was found to be effective at reducing beam vibrations around the attachment point and elsewhere by tuning the absorber's frequency through mass positioning.
Vibration analysis applied to conveyor belt.IRJET Journal
1) Researchers analyzed vibration frequencies of a conveyor belt carrying different weights to compare results.
2) Vibration measurements were taken of the conveyor belt carrying 1kg, its normal weight, and 4kg, which causes more effort.
3) Mathematical calculations and graphs of the belt, motor, and bearing frequencies were produced to analyze the effects of different weights and extend equipment life.
This document describes an experimental study on optimizing cutting parameters for milling aluminum alloy 6351. Experiments were conducted using an orthogonal array design with four cutting parameters (speed, feed, depth of cut, tool diameter) each at three levels. The objectives were to minimize surface roughness and maximize material removal rate. Gray relational analysis was used to determine the optimal cutting conditions for the combined objectives. The results showed that feed had the greatest influence on surface roughness, while speed had the least effect on material removal rate. This analysis method provides a means to optimize multiple performance characteristics simultaneously in milling.
Modeling and qualitative analysis of malaria epidemiologyIOSR Journals
We develop and analyze a mathematical model on malaria dynamics using ordinary differential equations, in order to investigate the effect of certain parameters on the transmission and spread of the disease. We introduce dimensionless variables for time, fraction of infected human and fraction of infected mosquito and solve the resulting system of ordinary differential equations numerically. Equilibrium points are established and stability criteria analyzed. The results reveal that the parameters play a crucial role in the interaction between human and infected mosquito.
The document discusses the effects of adding HHO gas produced through water electrolysis on the performance of a single cylinder, four stroke spark ignition engine. Three key findings are presented:
1) The addition of 2.57-2.74% HHO gas to the intake air decreased fuel consumption by 1.95-3.58% compared to petrol alone, with greater decreases at higher compression ratios and higher percentages of HHO gas.
2) Brake thermal efficiency increased by 0.34-0.74% with the addition of HHO gas at compression ratios of 7-9, indicating improved engine performance.
3) Mechanical efficiency increased with both higher compression ratios and higher percentages of added H
Distributed Path Computation Using DIV AlgorithmIOSR Journals
This document summarizes research on distributed path computation algorithms that aim to prevent routing loops. It introduces the Distributed Path Computation with Intermediate Variables (DIV) algorithm, which can operate with any routing algorithm to guarantee loop-freedom. DIV generalizes previous loop-free algorithms and provably outperforms them by reducing synchronous updates and helping maintain paths during network changes. The document also reviews link-state routing, distance-vector routing, and existing loop-prevention techniques like the Diffusing Update Algorithm and Loop Free Invariance algorithms.
User Priority Based Search on Organizing User Search Histories with SecurityIOSR Journals
This document discusses organizing a user's search history into related query groups for improved search experiences. It proposes dynamically grouping queries as a user searches over time based on similarities in query content, clicks, and timestamps. Query groups are identified by comparing new single-query groups to existing groups using thresholds for text similarity, common clicks, and time differences. Group identification involves query reformulation and click graphs constructed from search logs. The goal is to automatically organize a user's complex, multi-step search tasks into coherent query groups for better search history navigation and query suggestions.
Optimal Placement of TCSC and SVC Using PSOIOSR Journals
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a particle swarm optimization technique to determine the optimal placement of TCSC and SVC devices on power systems. The objective is to minimize a cost function that considers the costs of installing the devices, load bus voltage deviations from nominal values, and line loadings. The paper formulates the objective function and describes models for TCSC and SVC devices. It then provides an overview of the particle swarm optimization technique before describing the algorithm used to apply PSO to determine the optimal location and sizing of TCSC and SVC devices on IEEE 14-bus, 30-bus and 57-bus test systems while considering different load levels. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the method.
Design and Simulation of MEMS Based GyroscopeIOSR Journals
This document describes the design and simulation of a MEMS-based gyroscope. It includes:
1) An overview of the mechanical design of the gyroscope, which uses a square plate resonator supported by 4 anchors and driven by comb electrodes.
2) A simulation of the gyroscope in COMSOL Multiphysics to analyze performance, including eigenfrequency analysis and matching the drive and sense modes.
3) Calculation of sensitivity based on the capacitive change measured between the proof mass and detection electrode, resulting from Coriolis acceleration induced by rotation.
In this paper, the terms chained ternary semigroup, cancellable clement , cancellative ternary
semigroup, A-regular element, π- regular element, π- invertible element, noetherian ternary semigroup are
introduced. It is proved that in a commutative chained ternary semigroup T, i) if P is a prime ideal of T and
x ∉ P then n
n 1
x PT
= P for all odd natural numbers n . ii) T is a semiprimary ternary semigroup. iii) If a ε T is
a semisimple element of T, then < a > w ≠ . iv) If < a >w = 𝜙 for all a ε T, then T has no semisimple
elements. v) T has no regular elements, then for any a ε T, < a >w = 𝜙 or < a >w is a prime ideal. vi) If T is a
commutative chained cancellative ternary semigroup then for every non π-invertible element a, < a >w is either
empty or a prime ideal of T. Further it is proved that if T is a chained ternary semigroup with T\T3= { x } for
some x ε T, then i) T\ { x } is an ideal of T. ii) T = xT1T1 = T1xT1 = T1T1x and T 3 = xTT = TxT = TTx is the
unique maximal ideal of T. iii) If a T and a < x >w then a = xn for some odd natural number n > 1.
iv) T\ < x >w = { x, x 3, x5, . . . . .} or T\< x >w ={x, x 3, . . . , xr} for some odd natural number r. v) If a T
and a < x >w then a = xr for some odd natural number r or a = xn sn tn and sn < x >w or tn < x >w
for every odd natural number n. vi) If T contains cancellable elements then x is cancellable element and < x >w
is either empty or a prime ideal of T. It is also prove that, in a commutative chained ternary semigroup T,
T is archemedian ternary semigroup without idempotent elements if and only if < a >w = for every a T.
Further it is proved that if T is a commutative chained ternary semigroup containing cancellable elements and
< a >w = for every a T , then T is a cancellative ternary semigroup. It is proved that if T is a noetherian
ternary semigroup containing proper ideals then T has a maximal ideal. Finally it is proved that if T is a
commutative ternary semigroup such that T = < x > for some x T, then the following are equivalent.
1) T = {x, x2, x3, ............} is infinite. 2) T is a noetherian cancellative ternary semigroup with x xTT.
3) T is a noetherian cancellative ternary semigroup without idempotents. 4) < a >w = for all a T.
5) < x >w = . and if T is a commutative chained ternary semigroup with T ≠ T 3 , then the following are
equivalent. (1) T={x, x 3, x5, . . . . . . .}, where x T\ T 3 (2) T is Noetherian cancellative ternary semigroup
without idempotents. (3) < a >w = for all a T. Finally, it is proved that If T is a commutative chained
noetherian cancellative ternary semigroup without regular elements, then < a >w = for all a T.
Handoff Management protocols MIPV6 and HMIPV6 Comparative analysis in 4G wire...IOSR Journals
The document discusses handoff management protocols for 4G wireless networks, specifically Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6). It provides an overview of handoff processes including network discovery, decision, and execution. It then describes MIPv6, noting it allows continuous communication but can cause interruptions and signaling overhead during handoffs. Finally, it introduces HMIPv6 which aims to reduce signaling traffic and handoff latency by handling local mobility within a region separately from global mobility.
This document proposes an energy efficient three-level model for query optimization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). At the three levels are: base station, cluster heads, and sensor nodes. The base station maintains metadata about cluster heads and sensor nodes. When a query is received, it first checks if the result is cached. If not, it checks the status of cluster heads and selects a new cluster head if needed. The query is then disseminated to cluster heads using a modified Bellman-Ford algorithm. Cluster heads aggregate data from relevant sensor nodes and send the result to the base station. This model aims to minimize communication costs during query processing in WSNs.
This document describes an image denoising technique called the TWIST (Transform With Iterative Sampling and Thresholding) method. It begins with background on common types of image noise like Gaussian, salt-and-pepper, and quantization noise. It then discusses related work using eigendecomposition and the Nystrom extension for denoising. The proposed TWIST method uses the Nystrom extension to approximate the filter matrix with a low-rank matrix, allowing efficient processing of the entire image. It performs eigendecomposition on sample pixels to estimate eigenvalues and eigenvectors, then iterates this process with thresholding to denoise the image while preserving edges.
This document evaluates the mechanical properties of aluminum 2024-based hybrid metal composites. It discusses how aluminum 2024 alloy is commonly used in aircraft structures due to its high strength and fatigue resistance. The document then describes creating aluminum 2024-based composites reinforced with E-glass fibers and fly ash using stir casting. Tensile and compression tests were performed on the composite materials and aluminum 2024 alloy to compare their mechanical properties. The results showed that the composite materials achieved better tensile and compression strength compared to aluminum 2024 alloy alone.
This document summarizes a research paper on using Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) to improve inpatient hospital care. It discusses challenges in the current healthcare system and how machine learning and artificial intelligence could help address issues like overtreatment, inconsistent care quality, and high costs. The paper proposes using MDPs and other algorithms to analyze patient electronic health record data, detect abnormal care patterns, and make real-time predictions to optimize treatment and resource allocation. A web application with modules for patients, doctors and administrators is designed to facilitate this approach. Simulation results suggest it could increase care efficiency by better connecting patients and doctors. Future work may expand this to personalized treatment planning, diagnostic testing optimization and knowledge discovery from medical literature.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes two methods for diagnosing stator short circuit faults in brushless DC motors: Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and wavelet-based fault diagnosis. ANFIS is a neural network combined with fuzzy logic that can model nonlinear functions. It is applied to diagnose faults based on motor parameters. Wavelet transforms are also used to analyze motor current signals and detect characteristic fault frequencies indicating shorts. The paper presents the modeling of a BLDC motor and discusses common motor faults before detailing the proposed ANFIS and wavelet approaches.
This document describes an experimental and numerical study of a steel bridge model through vibration testing. In the experiment, ambient excitation from a moving car model was used to excite the steel bridge model. Accelerometers measured the vibration response, and data was acquired using a LabVIEW program. Ten natural frequencies between 28-166 Hz were identified from the experimental data. Finite element analysis of the steel bridge model in ANSYS found similar natural frequencies and mode shapes to the experiment. The results demonstrate that vibration testing can effectively evaluate the dynamic properties of structures.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the chemical composition of wastewater generated from olive oil production and evaluated its potential use as fertilizer on agricultural land. The study found that the wastewater was acidic but rich in organic matter and nutrients like potassium. Soil analysis before and after application of the wastewater showed increases in organic matter and nutrients. Over 280 days, biochemical and chemical oxygen demand of the wastewater decreased by around 50%, indicating its characteristics were modifying. The high potassium and organic content suggests the wastewater could improve soil quality and be a lower-cost fertilizer, though long term effects require more research.
A Survey of Software Reliability factorIOSR Journals
This document discusses factors that affect software reliability and approaches to improving software reliability. It first defines software reliability and lists some key factors that influence reliability, such as software defects, requirements analysis, cost, size estimation, and how reliability is measured. Requirements analysis factors include feasibility studies, surveys, interviews, and testing. Cost is affected by the programmer's knowledge, software architecture, and resource allocation. The document then outlines two approaches to enhancing software reliability: 1) incorporating fault removal efficiency into reliability growth models by accounting for imperfect debugging and new faults introduced during testing, and 2) analyzing software metrics from object-oriented programs to better measure reliability.
The document proposes a new method for efficient high resolution image reconstruction based on compressed sensing and the Modified Frame Reconstruction Iterative Thresholding Algorithm (MFR ITA). The method involves three phases: 1) input images are processed using multilook processing and discrete wavelet transform to minimize noise, 2) measurements are obtained from sparse coefficients using a proposed fusion method, and 3) a fast compressed sensing method based on MFR ITA is used to reconstruct the high resolution image using total variation. Simulation results show the proposed method achieves better PSNR and SSIM values compared to other traditional methods, and validates its effectiveness in reconstructing images in the presence of noise.
The document discusses factors that cause road damage in Palangka Raya City, Indonesia and analyzes the relationship between these factors and their effect on road damage. It finds that water infiltration, traffic load, climate, construction materials, subgrade conditions, and compaction processes significantly impact road damage on peatland roads. A regression equation is presented relating road damage to these six independent factors.
This document provides a review of using refrigerant blends in existing refrigerator and air conditioning systems. It discusses the history of refrigerants used from early toxic and hazardous natural refrigerants to safer chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). However, CFCs and HCFCs were found to deplete the ozone layer. Alternative refrigerants considered include hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), hydrocarbons (HCs), and refrigerant blends. Refrigerant blends are mixtures of two or more refrigerants that can provide desired characteristics while being safer for the environment than existing refrigerants. The document examines properties and examples of a
Design of Semi-Automatic Vibration Absorber by using FEAIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of a semi-automatic dual mass vibration absorber using finite element analysis. The dual mass vibration absorber uses two movable masses that can be tuned to reduce vibrations by moving the masses in or out. Modal analysis using finite elements was conducted to analyze the vibration modes of the absorber. The analysis showed the natural frequencies and mode shapes changed as the mass positions along the rods were varied. The dual mass vibration absorber was found to be effective at reducing beam vibrations around the attachment point and elsewhere by tuning the absorber's frequency through mass positioning.
Vibration analysis applied to conveyor belt.IRJET Journal
1) Researchers analyzed vibration frequencies of a conveyor belt carrying different weights to compare results.
2) Vibration measurements were taken of the conveyor belt carrying 1kg, its normal weight, and 4kg, which causes more effort.
3) Mathematical calculations and graphs of the belt, motor, and bearing frequencies were produced to analyze the effects of different weights and extend equipment life.
AJK2011-03023 (Conference Paper DR) Modelling Multiphase Jet Flows for High V...David Ryan
This document summarizes CFD simulations of flow inside an industrial static mixer called a Sonolator. Single-phase steady-state simulations were performed for three mass flow rates through a fixed nozzle orifice. Streamline data was used to calculate residence times and turbulent energy dissipation rates, which can provide insight into droplet breakup for emulsification processes. Validation was done against experimental discharge coefficients and predicted droplet sizes may depend on inlet conditions for multiphase mixtures.
Modeling Approach of Agricultural Cantilever Sprayer Boom Leveling SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a model of an agricultural sprayer boom leveling system that uses a four-bar linkage mechanism and electro-hydraulic circuit for automatic level correction. The system aims to precisely maintain the distance between spraying nozzles and crops. Components of the model include hydraulic cylinders, pumps, ultrasonic sensors, a microcontroller, and pipes. The hydraulic circuit was designed and simulated using automation software. The document discusses modeling the leveling control system, determining specifications for the hydraulic actuating cylinder based on required force calculations, and simulating the actuating mechanism circuit diagram.
DESIGN OF INTELLIGENT CONTROL SYSTEM USING ACOUSTIC PARAMETERS FOR GRINDING M...cscpconf
This paper utilizes acoustic parameters such as FS,NC, N, P, INC, FL, FH, W for acoustic signals S of different running conditions of a ballmill to deriveout the acoustic signatures and
hence control signals, which is to be used for designing the control systems of the mill. The parameters FS, NC, N, P, INC, FL, FH and W are represented by sample rate in Hz, number of
cepstral coefficients, length of frame in samples, number of filters in filter bank, frame increment, low end of the lowest filter, high end of highest filter and the window over which the analysis is to be performed respectively. The work establishes an
appropriate theoretical background that helps to predict dynamic breakage characteristics with respect to particle size
distribution of materials, adequately supported by experimental data. The signatures of different running conditions of grinding mill have been extracted from the captured signal in time frame
these have been used as feedback signal to monitor the grinding operation. Condenser based microphones have been used for capturing acoustic signals in time domain directly in
computers and stored for further analysis. Matlab R2010b has been used for different analysis of the experiment. On analyzing the signatures, it has been observed whether the fines are
produced progressively to attain the desired size range or the mill producing undesired products. Thus, the approach has been used in this paper has the ability to arrive in the stage of
optimum grinding by tuning parameters of the mill in real time, and also it can prevent the mill to enter into an erroneous state. Moreover, on study it has found that the present scheme can be
used more accurately in comparison to the earlier work of the author. This paper presents an implementation scheme to use acoustic signal as the control signal to regulate the operation of
a grinding mill.
IRJET- Numerical Analysis of Hyperloop Transportation StructureIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the dynamics of Hyperloop transportation structure through numerical modeling and simulation. It summarizes:
1) A Hyperloop tube model was created in ANSYS and subjected to static and dynamic load analysis to study deformations and vibrational response.
2) Static analysis showed maximum deformations occurred in the middle of the tube under a 20 tonne load.
3) Dynamic analysis applied a time-varying load simulation of a Hyperloop pod traveling at 900kph to model transient response, with maximum total deformation observed.
IRJET - Evoluation of Vibro Motor Position on Reciprocating Vibro SeparatorIRJET Journal
This document presents research on increasing the capacity of a reciprocating vibro separator. The study varies the motor speed from 980-1020 rpm and motor angle from 30-32 degrees to determine the effect on amplitude, velocity, acceleration, and flow rate. Computational models were created in Solidworks and ANSYS to simulate the experimental setup. Accelerometers were used to measure vibration signals from the separator box at different motor parameters. Flow rate calculations showed that a motor angle of 28 degrees and speed of 1000 rpm achieved 4.186 tons/hour, higher than the reference setup of 30 degrees and 1000 rpm. Varying the speed from 1000-1100 rpm at 28 degrees found a maximum flow rate of 6.21 tons/
IRJET- Design and Analysis Material Handling System using Kinematic Mecha...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a material handling system using a kinematic mechanism. The system aims to replace conventional conveyor belts with a low-cost, intermittent motion system using linkages and a motor. It uses a double crank mechanism to convert the motor's rotary motion into reciprocating motion. The design is modeled in CREO and analyzed in ANSYS to test for displacement and stress. The system is intended to automate material handling for small scale industries in a affordable and low maintenance way.
OMAE2014 - 23661 Experimental Assessment of The Behaviour Of A Pipe Vibration...Luan Tochetto
The document describes experiments conducted to assess the behavior of a Pounding Tuned Mass Damper (PTMD) installed on a pipe underwater. A small-scale test apparatus was constructed to model a submarine pipe section. Free and forced oscillation tests were performed on the pipe both with and without a PTMD installed, in air and underwater conditions. The results showed that underwater, the natural frequency decreased due to added water mass, while damping increased due to fluid viscosity. With the PTMD installed, two natural frequencies were observed corresponding to the two-degree-of-freedom system. The PTMD was found to reduce pipe vibration amplitudes both in air and underwater through energy dissipation, though its performance was affected by surrounding fluid
This document discusses active magnetic bearings (AMBs). It provides background on AMBs, explaining that they support rotating machinery without physical contact using electromagnetic forces controlled by sensors and electronics. The document then describes the basic components and working principles of AMB systems, including electromagnets, position sensors, and control systems that use feedback to maintain the rotor's position. It explains that AMBs offer benefits over traditional bearings like reduced friction, vibration, and maintenance needs. However, it notes that AMB systems are more complex and expensive to implement initially.
IRJET- Static and Modal Analysis of Jeffcott Rotor under Low Volume ConditionsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on analyzing the behavior of a steam turbine rotor under low volume flow conditions using rotor dynamics concepts. A Jeffcott rotor model was created and analyzed using finite element analysis in ANSYS. Both a standard single stage Jeffcott rotor and a modified single stage rotor were analyzed and their equivalent stresses, maximum principal stresses, and total deformation were compared. The analyses found that stresses were within allowable limits during normal operation but exceeded limits under low volume flow conditions. A modified multistage rotor model was also analyzed and compared to a standard multistage rotor model. The results of the modal, static, and harmonic analyses were presented.
The document summarizes the results of a vibration analysis of a hydro generator for different operating regimes. Measurements were taken before dismantling the generator for repairs. Vibrations were measured in unexcited idle, excited idle, and loaded operating modes. The results showed higher vibrations in excited idle mode compared to unexcited idle. Under load, vibrations remained moderate as power levels increased from 1.6 to 5.6 MW. Comparing measurements before and after repairs will help evaluate improvements to generator operation and vibrations.
CONTROL OF HYDRAULIC FORCES ON A SQUARE AND CIRCULAR CYLINDER USING MULTI-ELE...IRJET Journal
The document discusses numerical analysis of vortex structures behind square and circular cylinders with and without splitter plates. It involves modeling different configurations with varying diameter-to-height ratios and employing multi-element splitter plates. Results show that splitter plates can significantly reduce lift coefficients and pressure variations on the cylinders by stabilizing the wake. Optimal splitter plate positioning depends on the cylinder geometry, with a ratio of 1.0 showing the most improvement for circular cylinders based on analyses of pressure distributions and transient lift forces.
IRJET- Vibration Analysis and Design Modification of Automobile SilencerIRJET Journal
This document presents a study on vibration analysis and design modification of an automobile silencer. The study aims to analyze vibrations in an existing silencer using finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental modal analysis. Natural frequencies are obtained and compared to validate the FEA results. The silencer geometry is then modified to optimize natural frequencies. Modal analysis is performed on the modified design and natural frequencies are compared to the existing silencer. Results show that increasing the silencer mass, by increasing baffle plate thickness, leads to decreased natural frequencies, while decreasing the mass increases natural frequencies.
IRJET- Design and Experimental Testing of a Two-Terminal Mass Device with a V...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and testing of a two-terminal mass device with a variable moment of inertia flywheel for use in vehicle suspensions. A conventional suspension uses springs and dampers, while this device aims to incorporate a mass in a two-terminal configuration to provide damping. It presents a proposed design of a flywheel with sliders that can change the moment of inertia in response to driving conditions. Experimental testing showed the variable moment of inertia design outperformed a fixed moment of inertia design in reducing body movement and improving ride comfort. Future work could include linearization and control of the system response as well as reducing friction within the device.
IRJET - Parametric Study of Micro Electro-Mechanical System Capacitive Type A...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the parametric effects on a micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) capacitive accelerometer. A 2D model of the accelerometer was created and modal analysis was performed to extract mode shapes and resonant frequencies. The deformation of the moving finger was observed at resonant frequencies of 230.80 Hz and 792.31 Hz, where the finger shape would impact the capacitance measurement. The error in measured capacitance values at these frequencies due to finger deformation was analyzed. The study found that the bandwidth of the accelerometer based on the resonant frequency difference was 562 Hz.
Design, Optimization and Analysis of a Radial Active Magnetic Bearing for Vib...ijtsrd
The most important aim of the project is to make use of the active vibration control technique to reduce vibration in composite shaft system using three nodded beam element. The fiber reinforced polymer FRP composite shaft is deliberate in this paper considering it as a Timoshenko beam. Three dissimilar isotropic rigid disks are mounted on it and also supported by two active magnetic bearings at its split ends. The work involves finite element, vibration and rotor dynamic analysis of the structure. Rotary inertia effect, gyroscopic effect kinetic energy and strain energy of the shaft are derived and studied. The governing equation is obtained by applying Hamilton's principle using finite element method in which four degrees of freedom at each node is considered. Active control scheme is applied through magnetic bearings by using a controller containing low pass filter, notch filter, sensor and amplifier which controls the current and correspondingly control the stability of the whole rotor shaft system. Campbell diagram, steadiness limit speed diagram and logarithmic decrement diagram are considered to establish the system stability. Effect of different types of stacking sequences are also studied and compared Jay Krishn Yadav | H. S. Sahu ""Design, Optimization and Analysis of a Radial Active Magnetic Bearing for Vibration Control"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd24040.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/24040/design-optimization-and-analysis-of-a-radial-active-magnetic-bearing-for-vibration-control/jay-krishn-yadav
IRJET- Development of Actively Tuned Vibration Absorber for Washing MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes research into developing an actively tuned vibration absorber for washing machines. It begins with background on vibration absorbers and how they work by adding an extra mass-spring-damper system to reduce vibrations. The researchers aim to create a vibration absorber that can retune itself in response to changing excitation frequencies. They model a washing machine drum in CAD software and conduct modal and harmonic analyses in ANSYS to determine natural frequencies and vibration responses. Calculations are shown for selecting absorber mass and spring properties to match the drum's natural frequency range during spinning. The absorber is modelled attached to the washing machine for further analysis. The research aims to reduce washing machine vibrations through an integrated, self-tuning absor
Stress and Vibration Analysis of Turbine RotorIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and analysis of a turbine rotor intended to operate at speeds between 30,000-50,000 RPM. It discusses:
- Designing a blisk rotor using axi-symmetric modeling for stress analysis and optimization.
- Material selection for the rotor, with titanium alloy found to reduce thermal stresses compared to nickel alloy.
- Dynamic analysis showing the first critical speed to be 34,176 RPM, well above the operating speed.
- Stress analysis of the optimized rotor design found highest stresses of 451 MPa to be below the material yield strength.
- The rotor design was concluded to withstand the intended operating stresses and speeds.
IRJET - A Review on Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (TLCDS) and Tuned Liquid Colu...IRJET Journal
This document reviews Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (TLCDs) and two modifications: Tuned Liquid Column Dampers with Embossments (ETLCDs) and Liquid Column Vibration Absorbers (LCVAs). TLCDs use sloshing liquid to absorb vibrations in structures. ETLCDs and LCVAs improve upon TLCD damping. Studies show ETLCDs and LCVAs more effectively reduce structural displacement and acceleration compared to TLCDs. ETLCDs have embossments to increase damping, while LCVAs have different horizontal and vertical cross-sectional areas. Both modifications perform better than conventional TLCDs at mitigating vibrational responses.
This document provides a technical review of secure banking using RSA and AES encryption methodologies. It discusses how RSA and AES are commonly used encryption standards for secure data transmission between ATMs and bank servers. The document first provides background on ATM security measures and risks of attacks. It then reviews related work analyzing encryption techniques. The document proposes using a one-time password in addition to a PIN for ATM authentication. It concludes that implementing encryption standards like RSA and AES can make transactions more secure and build trust in online banking.
This document analyzes the performance of various modulation schemes for achieving energy efficient communication over fading channels in wireless sensor networks. It finds that for long transmission distances, low-order modulations like BPSK are optimal due to their lower SNR requirements. However, as transmission distance decreases, higher-order modulations like 16-QAM and 64-QAM become more optimal since they can transmit more bits per symbol, outweighing their higher SNR needs. Simulations show lifetime extensions up to 550% are possible in short-range networks by using higher-order modulations instead of just BPSK. The optimal modulation depends on transmission distance and balancing the energy used by electronic components versus power amplifiers.
This document provides a review of mobility management techniques in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). It discusses three modes of communication in VANETs: vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and hybrid vehicle (HV) communication. For each communication mode, different mobility management schemes are required due to their unique characteristics. The document also discusses mobility management challenges in VANETs and outlines some open research issues in improving mobility management for seamless communication in these dynamic networks.
This document provides a review of different techniques for segmenting brain MRI images to detect tumors. It compares the K-means and Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithms. K-means is an exclusive clustering algorithm that groups data points into distinct clusters, while Fuzzy C-means is an overlapping clustering algorithm that allows data points to belong to multiple clusters. The document finds that Fuzzy C-means requires more time for brain tumor detection compared to other methods like hierarchical clustering or K-means. It also reviews related work applying these clustering algorithms to segment brain MRI images.
1) The document simulates and compares the performance of AODV and DSDV routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network under three conditions: when users are fixed, when users move towards the base station, and when users move away from the base station.
2) The results show that both protocols have higher packet delivery and lower packet loss when users are either fixed or moving towards the base station, since signal strength is better in those scenarios. Performance degrades when users move away from the base station due to weaker signals.
3) AODV generally has better performance than DSDV, with higher throughput and packet delivery rates observed across the different user mobility conditions.
This document describes the design and implementation of 4-bit QPSK and 256-bit QAM modulation techniques using MATLAB. It compares the two techniques based on SNR, BER, and efficiency. The key steps of implementing each technique in MATLAB are outlined, including generating random bits, modulation, adding noise, and measuring BER. Simulation results show scatter plots and eye diagrams of the modulated signals. A table compares the results, showing that 256-bit QAM provides better performance than 4-bit QPSK. The document concludes that QAM modulation is more effective for digital transmission systems.
The document proposes a hybrid technique using Anisotropic Scale Invariant Feature Transform (A-SIFT) and Robust Ensemble Support Vector Machine (RESVM) to accurately identify faces in images. A-SIFT improves upon traditional SIFT by applying anisotropic scaling to extract richer directional keypoints. Keypoints are processed with RESVM and hypothesis testing to increase accuracy above 95% by repeatedly reprocessing images until the threshold is met. The technique was tested on similar and different facial images and achieved better results than SIFT in retrieval time and reduced keypoints.
This document studies the effects of dielectric superstrate thickness on microstrip patch antenna parameters. Three types of probes-fed patch antennas (rectangular, circular, and square) were designed to operate at 2.4 GHz using Arlondiclad 880 substrate. The antennas were tested with and without an Arlondiclad 880 superstrate of varying thicknesses. It was found that adding a superstrate slightly degraded performance by lowering the resonant frequency and increasing return loss and VSWR, while decreasing bandwidth and gain. Specifically, increasing the superstrate thickness or dielectric constant resulted in greater changes to the antenna parameters.
This document describes a wireless environment monitoring system that utilizes soil energy as a sustainable power source for wireless sensors. The system uses a microbial fuel cell to generate electricity from the microbial activity in soil. Two microbial fuel cells were created using different soil types and various additives to produce different current and voltage outputs. An electronic circuit was designed on a printed circuit board with components like a microcontroller and ZigBee transceiver. Sensors for temperature and humidity were connected to the circuit to monitor the environment wirelessly. The system provides a low-cost way to power remote sensors without needing battery replacement and avoids the high costs of wiring a power source.
1) The document proposes a model for a frequency tunable inverted-F antenna that uses ferrite material.
2) The resonant frequency of the antenna can be significantly shifted from 2.41GHz to 3.15GHz, a 31% shift, by increasing the static magnetic field placed on the ferrite material.
3) Altering the permeability of the ferrite allows tuning of the antenna's resonant frequency without changing the physical dimensions, providing flexibility to operate over a wide frequency range.
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a speech enhancement method using stationary wavelet transform. The method first classifies speech into voiced, unvoiced, and silence regions based on short-time energy. It then applies different thresholding techniques to the wavelet coefficients of each region - modified hard thresholding for voiced speech, semi-soft thresholding for unvoiced speech, and setting coefficients to zero for silence. Experimental results using speech from the TIMIT database corrupted with white Gaussian noise at various SNR levels show improved performance over other popular denoising methods.
This document reviews the design of an energy-optimized wireless sensor node that encrypts data for transmission. It discusses how sensing schemes that group nodes into clusters and transmit aggregated data can reduce energy consumption compared to individual node transmissions. The proposed node design calculates the minimum transmission power needed based on received signal strength and uses a periodic sleep/wake cycle to optimize energy when not sensing or transmitting. It aims to encrypt data at both the node and network level to further optimize energy usage for wireless communication.
This document discusses group consumption modes. It analyzes factors that impact group consumption, including external environmental factors like technological developments enabling new forms of online and offline interactions, as well as internal motivational factors at both the group and individual level. The document then proposes that group consumption modes can be divided into four types based on two dimensions: vertical (group relationship intensity) and horizontal (consumption action period). These four types are instrument-oriented, information-oriented, enjoyment-oriented, and relationship-oriented consumption modes. Finally, the document notes that consumption modes are dynamic and can evolve over time.
The document summarizes a study of different microstrip patch antenna configurations with slotted ground planes. Three antenna designs were proposed and their performance evaluated through simulation: a conventional square patch, an elliptical patch, and a star-shaped patch. All antennas were mounted on an FR4 substrate. The effects of adding different slot patterns to the ground plane on resonance frequency, bandwidth, gain and efficiency were analyzed parametrically. Key findings were that reshaping the patch and adding slots increased bandwidth and shifted resonance frequency. The elliptical and star patches in particular performed better than the conventional design. Three antenna configurations were selected for fabrication and measurement based on the simulations: a conventional patch with a slot under the patch, an elliptical patch with slots
1) The document describes a study conducted to improve call drop rates in a GSM network through RF optimization.
2) Drive testing was performed before and after optimization using TEMS software to record network parameters like RxLevel, RxQuality, and events.
3) Analysis found call drops were occurring due to issues like handover failures between sectors, interference from adjacent channels, and overshooting due to antenna tilt.
4) Corrective actions taken included defining neighbors between sectors, adjusting frequencies to reduce interference, and lowering the mechanical tilt of an antenna.
5) Post-optimization drive testing showed improvements in RxLevel, RxQuality, and a reduction in dropped calls.
This document describes the design of an intelligent autonomous wheeled robot that uses RF transmission for communication. The robot has two modes - automatic mode where it can make its own decisions, and user control mode where a user can control it remotely. It is designed using a microcontroller and can perform tasks like object recognition using computer vision and color detection in MATLAB, as well as wall painting using pneumatic systems. The robot's movement is controlled by DC motors and it uses sensors like ultrasonic sensors and gas sensors to navigate autonomously. RF transmission allows communication between the robot and a remote control unit. The overall aim is to develop a low-cost robotic system for industrial applications like material handling.
This document reviews cryptography techniques to secure the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks. It discusses various types of attacks on AODV like impersonation, denial of service, eavesdropping, black hole attacks, wormhole attacks, and Sybil attacks. It then proposes using the RC6 cryptography algorithm to secure AODV by encrypting data packets and detecting and removing malicious nodes launching black hole attacks. Simulation results show that after applying RC6, the packet delivery ratio and throughput of AODV increase while delay decreases, improving the security and performance of the network under attack.
The document describes a proposed modification to the conventional Booth multiplier that aims to increase its speed by applying concepts from Vedic mathematics. Specifically, it utilizes the Urdhva Tiryakbhyam formula to generate all partial products concurrently rather than sequentially. The proposed 8x8 bit multiplier was coded in VHDL, simulated, and found to have a path delay 44.35% lower than a conventional Booth multiplier, demonstrating its potential for higher speed.
This document discusses image deblurring techniques. It begins by introducing image restoration and focusing on image deblurring. It then discusses challenges with image deblurring being an ill-posed problem. It reviews existing approaches to screen image deconvolution including estimating point spread functions and iteratively estimating blur kernels and sharp images. The document also discusses handling spatially variant blur and summarizes the relationship between the proposed method and previous work for different blur types. It proposes using color filters in the aperture to exploit parallax cues for segmentation and blur estimation. Finally, it proposes moving the image sensor circularly during exposure to prevent high frequency attenuation from motion blur.
This document describes modeling an adaptive controller for an aircraft roll control system using PID, fuzzy-PID, and genetic algorithm. It begins by introducing the aircraft roll control system and motivation for developing an adaptive controller to minimize errors from noisy analog sensor signals. It then provides the mathematical model of aircraft roll dynamics and describes modeling the real-time flight control system in MATLAB/Simulink. The document evaluates PID, fuzzy-PID, and PID-GA (genetic algorithm) controllers for aircraft roll control and finds that the PID-GA controller delivers the best performance.
20 Comprehensive Checklist of Designing and Developing a WebsitePixlogix Infotech
Dive into the world of Website Designing and Developing with Pixlogix! Looking to create a stunning online presence? Look no further! Our comprehensive checklist covers everything you need to know to craft a website that stands out. From user-friendly design to seamless functionality, we've got you covered. Don't miss out on this invaluable resource! Check out our checklist now at Pixlogix and start your journey towards a captivating online presence today.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
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1. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 13, Issue 1 Ver. I (Jan. - Feb. 2016), PP 13-21
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1684-13111321 www.iosrjournals.org 13 | Page
Vibration Control of Variable Speed Rotating Beams by Using
Semi Fluids
1
Anand N, 2
Bipin Balaram
Associate Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Musaliar College of Engineering & Technology,
Pathanamthitta
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore
I. Introduction
1.1 Vibration control of rotating flexible beams.
Rotating flexible beams are found in many practical applications. It can be seen in robot arms, turbine
blades ,and aircraft rotary wings. Generally, severe transverse vibration occurring in such systems may cause the
degradation in performance and accuracy, and even the failure of such elements..
Many studies has been directed towards the development of various control approaches to damp out the
vibration of rotating beams. These techniques mainly fall into two categories: passive control and active control.
In the former, constrained viscoelastic damping layers are usually used to attenuate the vibration of rotating
beams. This method is conventional and well developed. However, the passive approach suffers from the major
drawback of being ineffective at low frequencies. In the active control systems, the piezoelectric composites are
used extensively. In the present study, a new approach, embedding fluid into the sandwich structure, is
considered to suppress the vibration of rotating beams. The viscous fluids can change its physical properties
such as viscosity and shear modulus. In this experimental approach the results were obtained by embedding a
semi fluid such as grease in between two aluminium surface plates.
The experiment was conducted by using different grades of grease such as NLGI 2,NLGI 3,EPL and
RBC.These different grades of grease have different viscosities. The test was conducted with the help of an
experimental setup which consists of a stepper motor, a microcontroller and a switch. The various results for
displacement and acceleration were plotted with the help of LabVIEW software. The stepper motor can be
rotated at various RPM ranging from 30 to 90 with the help of microcontroller. The results have shown that the
beam with high viscous fluid has high vibration attenuation capacity. Similarly a viscous fluid with low
viscosity also attenuates vibration. This occurs due to the occurrence of a coriolis component of force which
absorbs energy from the solid material like aluminium and thereby induces damping.
II. Theory
In continuous system, it is not possible to identify discrete masses, dampers or springs. We are
considering that the system is having continuous distribution of mass, damping and elasticity. In this system
infinite number of points of the system can vibrate. That is why a continuous system is called a system with
infinite number of degrees of freedom [1]
. If the system is modelled as a continuous one the governing equation
in the system is partial differential equations. We need to apply the boundary conditions to find the natural
frequencies of a continuous system. The emphasis of this work is to experimentally present and discuss the
feasibility of using viscous fluid in controlling the Suppressing the vibration of the arm tip in a very short time
becomes more and more important in the field of semiconductor and electronic components manufacturing.
In this study, an viscous sandwich beam specimen, in which a grease layer is sandwiched between two
aluminium surface layers, is constructed. An experiment setup is established to investigate the effect of the
viscous fluid on vibration suppression of the rotating beams. Vibration control responses subjected to different
angular speeds are plotted with the help of LabVIEW software.
III. Literature Review
The main idea for doing this project was obtained from a science direct journal named vibration control
of variable speed/acceleration rotating beams by using smart materials. In that journal vibration control was
achieved by using Electrorheological fluids in place of viscous semifluids.Several experiments were also
conducted in getting the vibration responses of sandwich beams with the help of piezoelectric composites. The
ER fluid or generally the smart materials can change its physical properties such as viscosity and shear modulus.
These can be changed instantaneously and reversibly. Recent developments in smart materials and their
potential structural applications have resulted in significant improvements in vibration control problems.
Enhanced actuation and sensing capabilities of the smart materials have led to effective means of handling
2. Vibration Control of Variable Speed Rotating Beams by Using Semi Fluids
DOI: 10.9790/1684-13111321 www.iosrjournals.org 14 | Page
unwanted vibrations in automobile and aerospace industries. Varied physical phenomena such as the
piezoelectric effect, magnetostriction, and electrostriction underpin the functioning of these materials.
ARTICLE IN PRESS
IV. Experimental Layout
The beam specimen, as shown in Fig. 2, is treated with viscous fluid layer which confined by a 2mm
rubber dam on the edges sandwiched between two aluminium face-plates. At one end of the beam, a glass/epoxy
pad with a length 20mm and width 35mm is used as the mid-layer to provide the rigidity for the clamping force.
The viscous fluid used in this study is Grease. The test beam was clamped at a rotating platform driven by a
variable speed stepper motor in a cantilevered configuration. For adjusting the speed of stepper motor a pick
was programmed to obtain rotation of the beam from 0 degree to 180 degree. The speed can be adjusted by
means of a switch. The deflection at the tip end of the beam was found out with the help of an accelerometer. By
the vibration theory, beam is a continuous system. The test is being carried out at different speeds of 30,60 and
90 RPM.Five beams were constructed one without grease and the other four with different grades of grease
such as NLGI 2,NLGI 3,EPL and RBC. It is having a length of 15cm and a width of 35mm.The aluminium
plates has a thickness of 0.4mm.
A stepper motor is the one which can give angular displacements in steps. It can give precise angular
movements. Here the stepper motor used is having steps of range 120 steps/rev.
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of Experimental setup
Figure 2. Dimensions of the beam
The schematic diagram of the experimental setup is shown below. It consists of a micro controller
which is programmed to give angular rotations from zero to 180 degree and then in backtracking. Two switches
are provided to adjust the speed of the motor. The motor speed can be changed from 30 RPM to 100 RPM.A
transformer is used to step down the voltage.
Figure 3.Schematic diagram of components in the experimental setup
15 cm
3.5 cm
2.8 cm
3. Vibration Control of Variable Speed Rotating Beams by Using Semi Fluids
DOI: 10.9790/1684-13111321 www.iosrjournals.org 15 | Page
Labview
LabVIEW is a virtual analysis tool. “LabVIEW” package is one of the important works of National
Instruments. This package is specifically designed to permit us to quickly implement a Computer-controlled
data gathering and analysis system which can be extensively customised to suit our needs. It is a very capable
package, but is probably unlike anything we have met before. There is therefore going to be a steep learning
curve ahead of us before we will be able to be proficient in such work.LabVIEW is an entirely graphical
language which looks somewhat like an electronic schematic diagram on the one hand and a 1950's vintage style
electronic instrument on the other, these are the concepts of the block diagram and the front panel. LabVIEW is
hierarchical in that any virtual instrument that we design (any complete functional unit is called a virtual
instrument and is almost always referred to as a “VI”) can be quickly converted into a module which can be a
sub-unit of another VI. This is entirely analogous to the concept of a procedure in conventional Programming.
LabVIEW is also designed to be extendible. We can add modules also.
V. Results And Discussions
Results for vibration of beam in comparison with NLGI 2 At 30 RPM
Displacement Vs Time in samples for beams without fluid and NLGI 2
Disp Vs Time in samples at30 rpm
-4.00E-01
-2.00E-01
0.00E+00
2.00E-01
4.00E-01
6.00E-01
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Time in samples
Displacment
Displacementvs Time in samples
-8.00E-04
-6.00E-04
-4.00E-04
-2.00E-04
0.00E+00
2.00E-04
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Time in samples
displ
Series1
Graph 1 a) Graph without fluid b)Graph with NLGI2
At 30 rpm we can see from the results that the vibration is getting controlled, while the beam is filled
with grease having grade NLGI 2. The two graphs at 30 rpm for the displacement clearly show that
displacement is getting marginally reduced. The maximum amplitude at 30 rpm without grease was .05.But with
grease it has reduced to a value of -.0007.The vibration responses of the beam without fluid clearly shows that
the damping is very less. We obtain a clear vibration pattern at this rpm for the beam without fluid. But for the
beam with NLGI 2 the vibration is getting attenuated. the displacement range is very less. The grease with this
grade has a viscosity higher than NLGI 3 ,EPL, RBC etc. So more damping is obtained here. The highest peak is
obtained in both the cases in the region were the beam backtracks. At the time of backtracking the beam
suddenly stops and then returns. So at the time of stopping it vibrates more.
At 60 RPM
Displacement Vs Time in samples for beams without fluid and NLGI 2
Graph 2 a) without fluid b) with NLGI 2
4. Vibration Control of Variable Speed Rotating Beams by Using Semi Fluids
DOI: 10.9790/1684-13111321 www.iosrjournals.org 16 | Page
At 60 rpm we can see from the results that the vibration is getting controlled, while the beam is filled
with grease having grade NLGI 2. The two graphs at 60 rpm for the displacement clearly show that
displacement is getting marginally reduced. The maximum amplitude at 60 rpm without grease was .053.But
with grease it has reduced to a value of -.00045.The value of deflection in both cases has increased while
comparing with 30 RPM.This is due to the fact that at higher RPM the deflection will be more. The vibration
responses of the beam without fluid clearly show that the damping is very less. We obtain a clear vibration
pattern at this rpm for the beam without fluid. But for the beam with NLGI 2 the vibration is getting attenuated.
the displacement range is very less. The grease with this grade has a viscosity higher than NLGI 3 ,EPL, RBC
etc. So more damping is obtained here.
At 90 RPM
Displacement Vs Time in samples for beams without fluid and NLGI 2
DispVsTimeinsamplesat90rpm
-6.00E-01
-4.00E-01
-2.00E-01
0.00E+00
2.00E-01
4.00E-01
6.00E-01
8.00E-01
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Time in samples
Displacement
DisplVs Time insamples
-5.00E-04
0.00E+00
5.00E-04
1.00E-03
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Time in samples
Displ
Graph 3 a) without fluid b) with NLGI 2
At 90 rpm we can see from the results that the vibration is getting controlled, while the beam is filled
with grease having grade NLGI 3. The two graphs at 90 rpm for the displacement clearly show that
displacement is getting reduced. The maximum amplitude at 90 rpm without grease was .07.But with grease it
has reduced to a value of .001. The vibration responses of the beam without fluid clearly show that the damping
is very less.
Results for vibration of beam in comparison with NLGI 3
At 30 RPM
Displacement Vs Time in samples for beams without fluid and NLGI 3
Graph 4 a) without fluid b) with NLGI 3
At 30 rpm we can see from the results that the vibration is getting controlled, while the beam is filled
with grease having grade NLGI 3. The two graphs at 30 rpm for the displacement clearly show that
displacement is getting reduced. The maximum amplitude at 30 rpm without grease was .05.But with grease it
has reduced to a value of -.017. The vibration responses of the beam without fluid clearly show that the damping
is very less. We obtain a clear vibration pattern at this rpm for the beam without fluid. But for the beam with
NLGI 3 the vibration is getting attenuated. the displacement range is very less. The grease with this grade has a
5. Vibration Control of Variable Speed Rotating Beams by Using Semi Fluids
DOI: 10.9790/1684-13111321 www.iosrjournals.org 17 | Page
viscosity less than NLGI 2.So damping is less when comparing with the vibration response at 30 rpm of NLGI
2.
At 60 RPM
Displacement Vs Time in samples for beams without fluid and NLGI 3
At 60 rpm we can see from the results that the vibration is getting controlled, while the beam is filled
with grease having grade NLGI 3. The two graphs at 60 rpm for the displacement clearly show that
displacement is getting marginally reduced. The maximum amplitude at 60 rpm without grease was .053.But
with grease it has reduced to a value of -.00025. The vibration responses of the beam without fluid clearly show
that the damping is very less. The value of displacement is less when comparing it with beam filled with NLGI
3.This is due to the fact that NLGI 3 is having less viscosity when comparing with other fluids.
At 90 RPM
Displacement Vs Time in samples for beams without fluid and NLGI 3
At 90 rpm we can see from the results that the vibration is getting controlled, while the beam is filled
with grease having grade NLGI 3. The two graphs at 90 rpm for the displacement clearly show that
displacement is getting reduced. The maximum amplitude at 90 rpm without grease was .07.But with grease it
has reduced to a value of .0006. The vibration responses of the beam without fluid clearly show that the
damping is very less.
6. Vibration Control of Variable Speed Rotating Beams by Using Semi Fluids
DOI: 10.9790/1684-13111321 www.iosrjournals.org 18 | Page
Results for vibration of beam in comparison with EPL
At 30 RPM
Displacement Vs Time in samples for beams without fluid and EPL
Disp Vs Time in samples at30 rpm
-4.00E-01
-2.00E-01
0.00E+00
2.00E-01
4.00E-01
6.00E-01
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Time in samples
Displacment
Graph 7 a) without fluid b) with EPL
At 30 rpm we can see from the results that the vibration is getting controlled, while the beam is filled
with grease having grade EPL. The two graphs at 30 rpm for the displacement clearly show that displacement is
getting reduced. The maximum amplitude at 30 rpm without grease was .05.But with grease it has reduced to a
value of .01. The vibration responses of the beam without fluid clearly show that the damping is very less. We
obtain a clear vibration pattern at this rpm for the beam without fluid. But for the beam with EPL the vibration is
getting attenuated. The displacement range is very less. The grease with this grade has a viscosity less than
NLGI 2 and NLGI 3.So damping is less when comparing with the vibration response at 30 rpm of NLGI 2 and
NLGI 3.
At 60 RPM
Displacement Vs Time in samples for beams without fluid and EPL
Graph 8 a) without fluid b) with EPL
At 60 rpm we can see from the results that the vibration is getting controlled, while the beam is filled
with grease having grade NLGI 3. The two graphs at 60 rpm for the displacement clearly show that
displacement is getting marginally reduced. The maximum amplitude at 60 rpm without grease was .053.But
with grease it has reduced to a value of -.014. The vibration responses of the beam without fluid clearly show
that the damping is very less. The value of displacement is less when comparing it with beam filled with NLGI 2
and NLGI 3.This is due to the fact that EPL is having less viscosity when comparing with NLGI 2 and NLGI 3.
7. Vibration Control of Variable Speed Rotating Beams by Using Semi Fluids
DOI: 10.9790/1684-13111321 www.iosrjournals.org 19 | Page
At 90 RPM
Displacement Vs Time in samples for beams without fluid and EPL
Disp Vs Time in samples at 90 rpm
-6.00E-01
-4.00E-01
-2.00E-01
0.00E+00
2.00E-01
4.00E-01
6.00E-01
8.00E-01
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Time in samples
Displacement
Graph 9 a) without fluid b) with EPL
At 90 rpm we can see from the results that the vibration is getting controlled, while the beam is filled
with grease having grade NLGI 3. The two graphs at 90 rpm for the displacement clearly show that
displacement is getting reduced. The maximum amplitude at 90 rpm without grease was .07.But with grease it
has reduced to a value of .02. The vibration responses of the beam without fluid clearly show that the damping
is very less.
Results for vibration of beam in comparison with RBC
At 30 RPM
Displacement Vs Time in samples for beams without fluid and RBC
Disp Vs Time in samples at 30 rpm
-4.00E-01
-2.00E-01
0.00E+00
2.00E-01
4.00E-01
6.00E-01
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Time in samples
Displacment
Disp Vs Time in Samples at 30 RPMfor RBC
-2.00E-03
-1.50E-03
-1.00E-03
-5.00E-04
0.00E+00
5.00E-04
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Time in Samples
Displacement
Series1
Graph 10 a) without fluid b) with RBC
At 30 rpm we can see from the results that the vibration is getting controlled, while the beam is filled
with grease having grade RBC. The two graphs at 30 rpm for the displacement clearly show that displacement is
getting reduced. The maximum amplitude at 30 rpm without grease was .05.But with grease it has reduced to a
value of -.0015. The vibration responses of the beam without fluid clearly show that the damping is very less.
We obtain a clear vibration pattern at this rpm for the beam without fluid. But for the beam with RBC the
vibration is getting attenuated. The displacement range is very less.
8. Vibration Control of Variable Speed Rotating Beams by Using Semi Fluids
DOI: 10.9790/1684-13111321 www.iosrjournals.org 20 | Page
At 60 RPM
Displacement Vs Time in samples for beams without fluid and RBC
Graph 11 a) without fluid b) with RBC
At 60 rpm we can see from the results that the vibration is getting controlled, while the beam is filled
with grease having grade RBC. The two graphs at 60 rpm for the displacement clearly show that displacement is
getting marginally reduced. The maximum amplitude at 60 rpm without grease was .053.But with grease it has
reduced to a value of .01. The vibration responses of the beam without fluid clearly show that the damping is
very less.
At 90 RPM
Displacement Vs Time in samples for beams without fluid and RBC
Disp Vs Time in samples at90 rpm
-6.00E-01
-4.00E-01
-2.00E-01
0.00E+00
2.00E-01
4.00E-01
6.00E-01
8.00E-01
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000
Time in samples
Displacement
Graph 12 a) without fluid b) with RBC
At 90 rpm we can see from the results that the vibration is getting controlled, while the beam is filled
with grease having grade RBC. The two graphs at 90 rpm for the displacement clearly show that displacement is
getting reduced. The maximum amplitude at 90 rpm without grease was .07.But with grease it has reduced to a
value of .04. The vibration responses of the beam without fluid clearly show that the damping is very less than
the beam filled with grease.
In all the cases where the experiment is being carried out with RBC grease vibration is getting
attenuated marginally or it produces similar damping as that of NLGI 2 ,NLGI 3 and EPL.This is due to the fact
that in low viscous fluids the particle will be in random motion with each other.This induces a coriolis
component in the fluid particles. The instability of solid which is undergoing vibration induces coriolis force and
centrifugal force in the fluid thereby absorbs energy from solid and attenuates vibration.
VI. Conclusion
From the various results we can see that the vibration is getting reduced upto a marginal extend. The
fluid with high viscosity can attenuate vibration more. Similar is the case with low viscous fluid due to the
development of a coriolis component of force. This is due to the fact that the fluid with the solid forms a
compound structure. The instability of the solid structures induces the fluid vibration and produces the Coriolis
force and centrifugal force in fluid .The fluid absorbs the energy from the solid structure and suppresses its
vibration[7]
.
The same experiment can be done by using ER fluid or MR fluid in place of grease and that might give
some better results, since the change in applied voltage or magnetic field in both the fluids respectively can
actively control the vibration. This is the future scope of this project.
9. Vibration Control of Variable Speed Rotating Beams by Using Semi Fluids
DOI: 10.9790/1684-13111321 www.iosrjournals.org 21 | Page
References
[1]. Vibration Control of variable speed /acceleration rotating beams by using smart materials, Kexiang Wei, Guang Menga, Shuo
Zhoua, Jinwu Liub.
[2]. C.Y. Lin, L.W. Chen, Dynamic stability of a rotating beam with a constrained damping layer, Journal of Sound and Vibration 267
(2003) 209–225.
[3]. Vibration control of simply supported beams under moving loads using fluid viscous dampers. P. Museros, and M.D. Martinez-
Rodrigo
[4]. A text book of Mechanical Vibrations by S.S Rao
[5]. Electric field dependant vibrations of a plate featuring an Electrorheological fluid, Smart Structures and Systems laboratory,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha university,S B Choi
[6]. Active Vibration Control of a Flexible Beam Using a Buckling-Type End Force, ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems,
Measurement, and Control,Shahin Nudehi
[7]. An Experimental Study of Particle Damping for Beams and Plates, ASME Journal of Vibration and acoustics, Zhiwei Xu, Michael
Yu Wang