Several difficulties commonly arise during the software development process. Among them are the lengthy technical process of developing a system, the limited number and technical capabilities of human resources, the possibility of bugs and errors during the testing and implementation phase, dynamic and frequently changing user requirements, and the need for a system that supports multi-platforms. Rapid application development (RAD) is the software development life cycle (SDLC) that emphasizes the production of a prototype in a short amount of time (30-90 days). This study discovered that implementing a model-driven architecture (MDA) approach into the RAD method can accelerate the model design and prototyping stages. The goal is to accelerate the SDLC process. It took roughly five weeks to construct the system by applying all of the RAD stages. This time frame does not include iteration and the cutover procedure. During the prototype test, there were no errors with the create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) procedure. It was demonstrated that automatic transformation in MDA can shorten the RAD phases for designing the model and developing an early prototype, reduce code errors in standard processes like CRUD, and construct a system that supports multi-platform.
A sustainable procedural method of software design process improvementsnooriasukmaningtyas
In practice, the software process is an intermediate phase for enhancement and improvements the design for different types of software products and help developers to converts the specified requirements into prototypes that implement the design into reality. The objective of this paper is to provide software developers, designers and software engineers who work in small companies with a standards-based process improvement using a procedural method technique including detailed steps for designing the small software systems into their companies. The method used in this paper includes 1) analysis four different types of commonly design processes used by industry such as CMMI, conventional or software process in ISO 19759, generic and engineering design processes. 2) mapping between those four design processes. 3) collect the dispersed design concepts proposed by those four processes. 4) proposed a sustainable procedural method of software design process improvements 5) Illustration of the applicability of the proposed approach using A template-based implementation. The primary result of this study is a guideline procedure with detailed steps for software design process improvements to help and guide developers in small companies to analyze and design a small software scales with limited cost and duration. In conclusion, this paper proposed a method to improve the design process for different kinds of the software systems using a templatebased implementation to reduce the cost, effort and time needed in the implementation phase in small companies. The scientific implication behind a template-based implementation helps the system and software engineering to use this template easily in their small companies; because most of the time those engineering developers are responsible for analyzing, designing, implementing and testing their software systems during the whole software life cycle.
The document discusses the software development life cycle (SDLC) and different methodologies used in systems development. It describes the seven phases of the traditional waterfall SDLC model: planning, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance. It then covers agile methodologies like Scrum and Lean, which emphasize iterative development and customer collaboration. Key concepts in agile like user stories, estimating effort with story points, and Scrum ceremonies and roles are also explained.
MODEL DRIVEN WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT WITH AGILE PRACTICESijseajournal
Model driven development is an effective method due to its benefits such as code transformation, increasing
productivity and reducing human based error possibilities. Meanwhile, agile software development
increases the software flexibility and customer satisfaction by using iterative method. Can these two
development approaches be combined to develop web applications efficiently? What are the challenges and
what are the benefits of this approach? In this paper, we answer these two crucial problems; combining
model driven development and agile software development results in not only fast development and
easiness of the user interface design but also efficient job tracking. We also defined an agile model based
approach for web applications whose implementation study has been carried out to support the answers we
gave these two crucial problems.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR PERFORMANCE COMPARISONijseajournal
Performance responsiveness and scalability is a make-or-break quality for software. Nearly everyone runs into performance problems at one time or another. This paper discusses about performance issues faced during Pre Examination Process Automation System (PEPAS) implemented in java technology. The challenges faced during the life cycle of the project and the mitigation actions performed. It compares 3 java technologies and shows how improvements are made through statistical analysis in response time of the application. The paper concludes with result analysis.
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, V-shaped, prototyping, incremental, spiral, rapid application development (RAD), dynamic systems development method (DSDM), adaptive software development, and agile methods. It provides an overview of the key characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and types of projects that each model is best suited for. Tailored SDLC models are recommended to customize processes based on specific project needs and risks.
This document discusses rapid application development (RAD) methods for developing software on the System i platform. It provides an overview of RAD concepts and methodologies like iterative development and prototyping. The presentation then outlines specific RAD techniques for System i development, such as creating reusable code libraries through integrated language environment (ILE) bound service programs and structuring the relational database and embedded SQL queries to reduce development time.
A study of critical success factors for adaption of agile methodologyIAEME Publication
This document discusses critical success factors for adopting agile methodology. It conducted a survey of 200 IT professionals, though only 40 responded. The survey found that management involvement, team member readiness, and organization size significantly impact adopting agile software methodology. The document also reviews various agile methods like extreme programming, scrum, crystal and feature driven development, and compares them to traditional waterfall methods. It notes advantages of agile include short cycles, test-first development, and empowering teams, while waterfalls struggle with changing requirements.
Software projects mostly exceeds budget, delivered late and does not meet with the customer’s satisfaction for years. In the past, many traditional development models like waterfall, spiral, iterative, and prototyping methods are used to build the software systems. In recent years, agile models are widely used in developing the software products. The major reasons are – simplicity, incorporating the requirement changes at any time, light-weight approach and delivering the working product early and in short duration. Whatever the development model used, it still remains a challenge for software engineer’s to accurately estimate the size, effort and the time required for developing the software system. This survey focuses on the existing estimation models used in traditional as well in agile software development.
A sustainable procedural method of software design process improvementsnooriasukmaningtyas
In practice, the software process is an intermediate phase for enhancement and improvements the design for different types of software products and help developers to converts the specified requirements into prototypes that implement the design into reality. The objective of this paper is to provide software developers, designers and software engineers who work in small companies with a standards-based process improvement using a procedural method technique including detailed steps for designing the small software systems into their companies. The method used in this paper includes 1) analysis four different types of commonly design processes used by industry such as CMMI, conventional or software process in ISO 19759, generic and engineering design processes. 2) mapping between those four design processes. 3) collect the dispersed design concepts proposed by those four processes. 4) proposed a sustainable procedural method of software design process improvements 5) Illustration of the applicability of the proposed approach using A template-based implementation. The primary result of this study is a guideline procedure with detailed steps for software design process improvements to help and guide developers in small companies to analyze and design a small software scales with limited cost and duration. In conclusion, this paper proposed a method to improve the design process for different kinds of the software systems using a templatebased implementation to reduce the cost, effort and time needed in the implementation phase in small companies. The scientific implication behind a template-based implementation helps the system and software engineering to use this template easily in their small companies; because most of the time those engineering developers are responsible for analyzing, designing, implementing and testing their software systems during the whole software life cycle.
The document discusses the software development life cycle (SDLC) and different methodologies used in systems development. It describes the seven phases of the traditional waterfall SDLC model: planning, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance. It then covers agile methodologies like Scrum and Lean, which emphasize iterative development and customer collaboration. Key concepts in agile like user stories, estimating effort with story points, and Scrum ceremonies and roles are also explained.
MODEL DRIVEN WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT WITH AGILE PRACTICESijseajournal
Model driven development is an effective method due to its benefits such as code transformation, increasing
productivity and reducing human based error possibilities. Meanwhile, agile software development
increases the software flexibility and customer satisfaction by using iterative method. Can these two
development approaches be combined to develop web applications efficiently? What are the challenges and
what are the benefits of this approach? In this paper, we answer these two crucial problems; combining
model driven development and agile software development results in not only fast development and
easiness of the user interface design but also efficient job tracking. We also defined an agile model based
approach for web applications whose implementation study has been carried out to support the answers we
gave these two crucial problems.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR PERFORMANCE COMPARISONijseajournal
Performance responsiveness and scalability is a make-or-break quality for software. Nearly everyone runs into performance problems at one time or another. This paper discusses about performance issues faced during Pre Examination Process Automation System (PEPAS) implemented in java technology. The challenges faced during the life cycle of the project and the mitigation actions performed. It compares 3 java technologies and shows how improvements are made through statistical analysis in response time of the application. The paper concludes with result analysis.
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, V-shaped, prototyping, incremental, spiral, rapid application development (RAD), dynamic systems development method (DSDM), adaptive software development, and agile methods. It provides an overview of the key characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and types of projects that each model is best suited for. Tailored SDLC models are recommended to customize processes based on specific project needs and risks.
This document discusses rapid application development (RAD) methods for developing software on the System i platform. It provides an overview of RAD concepts and methodologies like iterative development and prototyping. The presentation then outlines specific RAD techniques for System i development, such as creating reusable code libraries through integrated language environment (ILE) bound service programs and structuring the relational database and embedded SQL queries to reduce development time.
A study of critical success factors for adaption of agile methodologyIAEME Publication
This document discusses critical success factors for adopting agile methodology. It conducted a survey of 200 IT professionals, though only 40 responded. The survey found that management involvement, team member readiness, and organization size significantly impact adopting agile software methodology. The document also reviews various agile methods like extreme programming, scrum, crystal and feature driven development, and compares them to traditional waterfall methods. It notes advantages of agile include short cycles, test-first development, and empowering teams, while waterfalls struggle with changing requirements.
Software projects mostly exceeds budget, delivered late and does not meet with the customer’s satisfaction for years. In the past, many traditional development models like waterfall, spiral, iterative, and prototyping methods are used to build the software systems. In recent years, agile models are widely used in developing the software products. The major reasons are – simplicity, incorporating the requirement changes at any time, light-weight approach and delivering the working product early and in short duration. Whatever the development model used, it still remains a challenge for software engineer’s to accurately estimate the size, effort and the time required for developing the software system. This survey focuses on the existing estimation models used in traditional as well in agile software development.
The performance of an algorithm can be improved using a parallel computing programming approach. In this study, the performance of bubble sort algorithm on various computer specifications has been applied. Experimental results have shown that parallel computing programming can save significant time performance by 61%-65% compared to serial computing programming.
Integrated Analysis of Traditional Requirements Engineering Process with Agil...zillesubhan
In the past few years, agile software development approach has emerged as a most attractive software development approach. A typical CASE environment consists of a number of CASE tools operating on a common hardware and software platform and note that there are a number of different classes of users of a CASE environment. In fact, some users such as software developers and managers wish to make use of CASE tools to support them in developing application systems and monitoring the progress of a project. This development approach has quickly caught the attention of a large number of software development firms. However, this approach particularly pays attention to development side of software development project while neglects critical aspects of requirements engineering process. In fact, there is no standard requirement engineering process in this approach and requirements engineering activities vary from situation to situation. As a result, there emerge a large number of problems which can lead the software development projects to failure. One of major drawbacks of agile approach is that it is suitable for small size projects with limited team size. Hence, it cannot be adopted for large size projects. We claim that this approach can be used for large size projects if traditional requirements engineering approach is combined with agile manifesto. In fact, the combination of traditional requirements engineering process and agile manifesto can also help resolve a large number of problems exist in agile development methodologies. As in software development the most important thing is to know the clear customer’s requirements and also through modeling (data modeling, functional modeling, behavior modeling). Using UML we are able to build efficient system starting from scratch towards the desired goal. Through UML we start from abstract model and develop the required system through going in details with different UML diagrams. Each UML diagram serves different goal towards implementing a whole project.
The Rapid Application Development (RAD) model is an incremental software development approach where components are developed in parallel like mini-projects. It focuses on quickly delivering a working prototype to users for early feedback. The RAD process involves requirements planning, user design, construction, and cutover stages. It is best for modularized systems that need to be created quickly within 2-3 months when high-skilled designers and adequate budget are available for modeling and code generation. Key benefits are reduced time-to-market and early user reviews, while high dependency on modeling skills is a disadvantage.
International journal of computer science and innovation vol 2015-n2-paper3sophiabelthome
This document provides an overview and comparison of the Scrum and FDD agile methodologies. It finds that Scrum is more iterative, delivers working software frequently in sprints, emphasizes teamwork and adaptability. FDD focuses more on upfront design, code ownership, and quality control through inspections. Both have benefits and limitations. Overall, combining practices from different agile methods may produce the most effective software development process.
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, V-shaped, prototyping, rapid application development (RAD), incremental, spiral, and timeboxing. It provides descriptions of each model including typical steps, strengths, weaknesses, and when each model is best suited. It also discusses capability maturity model (CMM) levels and how changing the lifecycle model can impact development speed, quality, visibility, overhead, risk, and customer relations.
“Scrumbear” framework for solving traditional scrum model problemsjournalBEEI
Software engineering is a discipline that is little understood by people. It defines how software is developed and maintained to meet the clients’ requirements. Software engineers follow certain systems and standards in their work to meet the clients’ desires. It is on this background that engineers follow specific models in coming up with the final product. One of the models highly used is scrum, which is one of the agile methodologies. However, despite being highly used, it has inherent flaws that need to be corrected. Those flaws are product owner continues changing; do not accept changes in working scrum, sprint’s release time limitation, finally wasting team time within each sprint. This paper presents a new framework, which is an updated version of the current Scrum, to overcome the scum models mentioned issues. In this study, a new framework is presented in a way that is understandable and needed by software developer’s team upon the collected qualitative and quantitative data. The implementation was by making some changes to the current scrum model leading to the “Scrumbear”, certain flaws can be corrected. One of the presented changes involve adding the control master rule to ensure controlling the requirements changing.
The document discusses systems analysis activities including requirements modeling, data and process modeling, object modeling, and development strategies. It describes various modeling techniques used in systems analysis such as functional decomposition diagrams, business process modeling, data flow diagrams, and use case diagrams. It also covers different development approaches like joint application development, rapid application development, agile methods and their advantages and disadvantages.
Perspectives on the adherance to scrum rules in software project managementnooriasukmaningtyas
Adapting users need to fulfill their requirements and delivering products to be on time within the planned cost, is critical matter that all software project managers (SPM) put the highest priority for it while considering the users satisfaction at the same time. Agile methodology is one of the solutions provided by software engineers (SE), to get the customers involved in the system development life cycle (SDLC) to avoid the risk nonconformance cost. Yet SPM’s still facing the nonconformance costs and the dynamic changes, and the root cause of the issue is not pointed on to find a solution for it. This undertaking research aimed at determining whether software developers understand scrum rules. In addition, how does this knowledge gab affect the software projects success from the project management perspective. Furthermore, the engagement studied the impact of lack of enough knowledge on the topic to project delivery. The collected data from the qualitative and quantitative methods, which was conducted with scrum teams who worked in the health information system (HIS), Educational solutions, and Governmental solutions has showed deviations in organizational practices and team conflicting, competition, and pressure as well as declined product quality.
The document discusses several software development process models including waterfall, iterative development, prototyping, RAD, spiral, RUP, and agile processes. The waterfall model is a linear sequential process while iterative development allows for incremental improvements. Prototyping allows users to provide early feedback. RAD combines waterfall and prototyping and emphasizes rapid development. Spiral model iterates through risk analysis, development, and planning phases. RUP is object-oriented and divided into cycles. Agile processes emphasize working software, incremental delivery, flexibility, and customer involvement.
The article proposes a new model for optimizing software effort and cost estimation based on code reusability. The model compares new projects to previously completed, similar projects stored in a code repository. By searching for and retrieving reusable code, functions, and methods from old projects, the model aims to reduce effort and cost estimates for new software development. The model is described as being based on the concept of estimation by analogy and using innovative search and retrieval techniques to achieve code reuse and thus decreased cost and effort estimates.
Mvc architecture driven design and agile implementation of a web based softwa...ijseajournal
This paper reports design and implementation of a web based software system for storing and managing
information related to time management and productivity of employees working on a project.
The system
has been designed and implemented w
ith best principles from model view
controller
and agile development.
Such system has practical use for any organization in terms of ease of use, efficiency, and cost savings. The
manuscript describes design of the system as well as its database and user i
nterface. Detailed snapshots of
the working system are provided too.
The document discusses cloud testing and literature related to web accessibility testing. It outlines the need for cloud testing due to limitations of traditional testing approaches. Literature on integrating web accessibility into testing processes and challenges of cloud testing is reviewed. The document proposes that accessibility and testing be integrated earlier in the development cycle to avoid costly retrofitting. It identifies researching technical competencies for accessibility testing and building a new testing framework to address challenges as potential future work.
Software is a set of instructions and data structures that enable computer programs to provide desired functions and manipulate information. Software engineering is the systematic development and maintenance of software. It differs from software programming in that engineering involves teams developing complex, long-lasting systems through roles like architect and manager, while programming involves single developers building small, short-term applications. A software development life cycle like waterfall or spiral model provides structure to a project through phases from requirements to maintenance. Rapid application development emphasizes short cycles through business, data, and process modeling to create reusable components and reduce testing time.
This document discusses various software process models, including:
- Waterfall model - A linear sequential model that emphasizes documentation and rigid phases.
- Prototyping model - Allows requirements to change by building prototypes to understand needs.
- RAD (Rapid Application Development) model - Emphasizes short development cycles using reusable components.
- Incremental model - Applies phases in a staggered way, allowing extensions at each step.
- Spiral model - Organizes activities as a spiral with risk reduction and prototype evaluations.
- Component-based model - Focuses on reusing pre-existing software components.
This document discusses various prescriptive process models for software engineering. It begins by introducing generic process frameworks and then discusses traditional models like waterfall, incremental, prototyping, RAD and spiral. It also covers specialized models for component-based development and formal methods. Each model is explained in terms of its activities, advantages and challenges. Traditional models tend to be sequential while evolutionary models iterate and provide early feedback. Specialized models focus on areas like reuse and formal specification.
DESQA a Software Quality Assurance FrameworkIJERA Editor
In current software development lifecycles of heterogeneous environments, the pitfalls businesses have to face are that software defect tracking, measurements and quality assurance do not start early enough in the development process. In fact the cost of fixing a defect in a production environment is much higher than in the initial phases of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) which is particularly true for Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Thus the aim of this study is to develop a new framework for defect tracking and detection and quality estimation for early stages particularly for the design stage of the SDLC. Part of the objectives of this work is to conceptualize, borrow and customize from known frameworks, such as object-oriented programming to build a solid framework using automated rule based intelligent mechanisms to detect and classify defects in software design of SOA. The implementation part demonstrated how the framework can predict the quality level of the designed software. The results showed a good level of quality estimation can be achieved based on the number of design attributes, the number of quality attributes and the number of SOA Design Defects. Assessment shows that metrics provide guidelines to indicate the progress that a software system has made and the quality of design. Using these guidelines, we can develop more usable and maintainable software systems to fulfill the demand of efficient systems for software applications. Another valuable result coming from this study is that developers are trying to keep backwards compatibility when they introduce new functionality. Sometimes, in the same newly-introduced elements developers perform necessary breaking changes in future versions. In that way they give time to their clients to adapt their systems. This is a very valuable practice for the developers because they have more time to assess the quality of their software before releasing it. Other improvements in this research include investigation of other design attributes and SOA Design Defects which can be computed in extending the tests we performed.
This document summarizes several software development process models. It begins by defining what a software process is - a framework for the activities required to build software. It then discusses evolutionary models like prototyping and the spiral model, which use iterative development and user feedback. Concurrent modeling is presented as allowing activities to occur simultaneously. The Unified Process is described as use case driven and iterative. Other models discussed include component-based development, formal methods, and aspect-oriented development. Personal and team software processes are also summarized, focusing on planning, metrics, and continuous improvement.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
APPLYING CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION FOR INCREASING THE MAINTENANCE QUALITY AND EF...ijseajournal
In order to project resource management and time control, software system needs to be decomposed into subsystems, functional modules and basis components. Finally, all tested components have to integrate to be the complete system. Applying IID (Iterative Incremental Development) mechanism, agile development model becomes the practical method to reduce software project failure rate. Continuous integration (CI) is an IID implementation concept which can effectively reduce software development risk. Web app with high change characteristic is suitable to use agile development model as the development and maintenance methodology. The paper depth surveys CI operating environment and advantages. Introducing CI concept can make up the moving target problems to impact of Web app. For this, the paper proposes a Continuous
Integration based Web Applications Maintenance Procedure (CIWAMP) to assist the system integration operating. Based on CI characteristics, CIWAMP makes Web app can be deployed quickly, increase stakeholder communication frequency, improve staff morale, and effectively reduce Web app maintenance
quality and efficiency.
This document discusses rapid software development methods like agile development and extreme programming (XP). It explains that agile methods use iterative development with customer involvement to quickly deliver working software. XP in particular emphasizes practices like test-driven development, pair programming, and frequent small releases. The document also covers rapid application development tools and the use of prototypes to help define requirements before full system development.
Hybrid model for detection of brain tumor using convolution neural networksCSITiaesprime
The development of aberrant brain cells, some of which may turn cancerous, is known as a brain tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are the most common technique for finding brain tumors. Information about the aberrant tissue growth in the brain is discernible from the MRI scans. In numerous research papers, machine learning, and deep learning algorithms are used to detect brain tumors. It takes extremely little time to forecast a brain tumor when these algorithms are applied to MRI pictures, and better accuracy makes it easier to treat patients. The radiologist can make speedy decisions because of this forecast. The proposed work creates a hybrid convolution neural networks (CNN) model using CNN for feature extraction and logistic regression (LR). The pre-trained model visual geometry group 16 (VGG16) is used for the extraction of features. To reduce the complexity and parameters to train we eliminated the last eight layers of VGG16. From this transformed model the features are extracted in the form of a vector array. These features fed into different machine learning classifiers like support vector machine (SVM), naïve bayes (NB), LR, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), AdaBoost, and random forest for training and testing. The performance of different classifiers is compared. The CNN-LR hybrid combination outperformed the remaining classifiers. The evaluation measures such as recall, precision, F1-score, and accuracy of the proposed CNN-LR model are 94%, 94%, 94%, and 91% respectively.
Implementing lee's model to apply fuzzy time series in forecasting bitcoin priceCSITiaesprime
Over time, cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin have attracted investor's and speculators' interest. Bitcoin's dramatic rise in value in recent years has caught the attention of many who see it as a promising investment asset. After all, Bitcoin investment is inseparable from Bitcoin price volatility that investors must mitigate. This research aims to use Lee's Fuzzy Time Series approach to forecast the price of Bitcoin. A time series analysis method called Lee's Fuzzy Time Series to get around ambiguity and uncertainty in time series data. Ching-Cheng Lee first introduced this approach in his research on time series prediction. This method is a development of several previous fuzzy time series (FTS) models, namely Song and Chissom and Cheng and Chen. According to most previous studies, Lee's model was stated to be able to convey more precise forecasting results than the classic model from the FTS. This study used first and second orders, where researchers obtained error values from the first order of 5.419% and the second order of 4.042%, which means that the forecasting results are excellent. But of both orders, only the first order can be used to predict the next period's Bitcoin price. In the second order, the resulting relations in the next period do not have groups in their fuzzy logical relationship group (FLRG), so they can not predict the price in the next period. This study contributes to considering investors and the general public as a factor in keeping, selling, or purchasing cryptocurrencies.
More Related Content
Similar to Automatic model transformation on multi-platform system development with model driven architecture approach
The performance of an algorithm can be improved using a parallel computing programming approach. In this study, the performance of bubble sort algorithm on various computer specifications has been applied. Experimental results have shown that parallel computing programming can save significant time performance by 61%-65% compared to serial computing programming.
Integrated Analysis of Traditional Requirements Engineering Process with Agil...zillesubhan
In the past few years, agile software development approach has emerged as a most attractive software development approach. A typical CASE environment consists of a number of CASE tools operating on a common hardware and software platform and note that there are a number of different classes of users of a CASE environment. In fact, some users such as software developers and managers wish to make use of CASE tools to support them in developing application systems and monitoring the progress of a project. This development approach has quickly caught the attention of a large number of software development firms. However, this approach particularly pays attention to development side of software development project while neglects critical aspects of requirements engineering process. In fact, there is no standard requirement engineering process in this approach and requirements engineering activities vary from situation to situation. As a result, there emerge a large number of problems which can lead the software development projects to failure. One of major drawbacks of agile approach is that it is suitable for small size projects with limited team size. Hence, it cannot be adopted for large size projects. We claim that this approach can be used for large size projects if traditional requirements engineering approach is combined with agile manifesto. In fact, the combination of traditional requirements engineering process and agile manifesto can also help resolve a large number of problems exist in agile development methodologies. As in software development the most important thing is to know the clear customer’s requirements and also through modeling (data modeling, functional modeling, behavior modeling). Using UML we are able to build efficient system starting from scratch towards the desired goal. Through UML we start from abstract model and develop the required system through going in details with different UML diagrams. Each UML diagram serves different goal towards implementing a whole project.
The Rapid Application Development (RAD) model is an incremental software development approach where components are developed in parallel like mini-projects. It focuses on quickly delivering a working prototype to users for early feedback. The RAD process involves requirements planning, user design, construction, and cutover stages. It is best for modularized systems that need to be created quickly within 2-3 months when high-skilled designers and adequate budget are available for modeling and code generation. Key benefits are reduced time-to-market and early user reviews, while high dependency on modeling skills is a disadvantage.
International journal of computer science and innovation vol 2015-n2-paper3sophiabelthome
This document provides an overview and comparison of the Scrum and FDD agile methodologies. It finds that Scrum is more iterative, delivers working software frequently in sprints, emphasizes teamwork and adaptability. FDD focuses more on upfront design, code ownership, and quality control through inspections. Both have benefits and limitations. Overall, combining practices from different agile methods may produce the most effective software development process.
The document discusses several software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, V-shaped, prototyping, rapid application development (RAD), incremental, spiral, and timeboxing. It provides descriptions of each model including typical steps, strengths, weaknesses, and when each model is best suited. It also discusses capability maturity model (CMM) levels and how changing the lifecycle model can impact development speed, quality, visibility, overhead, risk, and customer relations.
“Scrumbear” framework for solving traditional scrum model problemsjournalBEEI
Software engineering is a discipline that is little understood by people. It defines how software is developed and maintained to meet the clients’ requirements. Software engineers follow certain systems and standards in their work to meet the clients’ desires. It is on this background that engineers follow specific models in coming up with the final product. One of the models highly used is scrum, which is one of the agile methodologies. However, despite being highly used, it has inherent flaws that need to be corrected. Those flaws are product owner continues changing; do not accept changes in working scrum, sprint’s release time limitation, finally wasting team time within each sprint. This paper presents a new framework, which is an updated version of the current Scrum, to overcome the scum models mentioned issues. In this study, a new framework is presented in a way that is understandable and needed by software developer’s team upon the collected qualitative and quantitative data. The implementation was by making some changes to the current scrum model leading to the “Scrumbear”, certain flaws can be corrected. One of the presented changes involve adding the control master rule to ensure controlling the requirements changing.
The document discusses systems analysis activities including requirements modeling, data and process modeling, object modeling, and development strategies. It describes various modeling techniques used in systems analysis such as functional decomposition diagrams, business process modeling, data flow diagrams, and use case diagrams. It also covers different development approaches like joint application development, rapid application development, agile methods and their advantages and disadvantages.
Perspectives on the adherance to scrum rules in software project managementnooriasukmaningtyas
Adapting users need to fulfill their requirements and delivering products to be on time within the planned cost, is critical matter that all software project managers (SPM) put the highest priority for it while considering the users satisfaction at the same time. Agile methodology is one of the solutions provided by software engineers (SE), to get the customers involved in the system development life cycle (SDLC) to avoid the risk nonconformance cost. Yet SPM’s still facing the nonconformance costs and the dynamic changes, and the root cause of the issue is not pointed on to find a solution for it. This undertaking research aimed at determining whether software developers understand scrum rules. In addition, how does this knowledge gab affect the software projects success from the project management perspective. Furthermore, the engagement studied the impact of lack of enough knowledge on the topic to project delivery. The collected data from the qualitative and quantitative methods, which was conducted with scrum teams who worked in the health information system (HIS), Educational solutions, and Governmental solutions has showed deviations in organizational practices and team conflicting, competition, and pressure as well as declined product quality.
The document discusses several software development process models including waterfall, iterative development, prototyping, RAD, spiral, RUP, and agile processes. The waterfall model is a linear sequential process while iterative development allows for incremental improvements. Prototyping allows users to provide early feedback. RAD combines waterfall and prototyping and emphasizes rapid development. Spiral model iterates through risk analysis, development, and planning phases. RUP is object-oriented and divided into cycles. Agile processes emphasize working software, incremental delivery, flexibility, and customer involvement.
The article proposes a new model for optimizing software effort and cost estimation based on code reusability. The model compares new projects to previously completed, similar projects stored in a code repository. By searching for and retrieving reusable code, functions, and methods from old projects, the model aims to reduce effort and cost estimates for new software development. The model is described as being based on the concept of estimation by analogy and using innovative search and retrieval techniques to achieve code reuse and thus decreased cost and effort estimates.
Mvc architecture driven design and agile implementation of a web based softwa...ijseajournal
This paper reports design and implementation of a web based software system for storing and managing
information related to time management and productivity of employees working on a project.
The system
has been designed and implemented w
ith best principles from model view
controller
and agile development.
Such system has practical use for any organization in terms of ease of use, efficiency, and cost savings. The
manuscript describes design of the system as well as its database and user i
nterface. Detailed snapshots of
the working system are provided too.
The document discusses cloud testing and literature related to web accessibility testing. It outlines the need for cloud testing due to limitations of traditional testing approaches. Literature on integrating web accessibility into testing processes and challenges of cloud testing is reviewed. The document proposes that accessibility and testing be integrated earlier in the development cycle to avoid costly retrofitting. It identifies researching technical competencies for accessibility testing and building a new testing framework to address challenges as potential future work.
Software is a set of instructions and data structures that enable computer programs to provide desired functions and manipulate information. Software engineering is the systematic development and maintenance of software. It differs from software programming in that engineering involves teams developing complex, long-lasting systems through roles like architect and manager, while programming involves single developers building small, short-term applications. A software development life cycle like waterfall or spiral model provides structure to a project through phases from requirements to maintenance. Rapid application development emphasizes short cycles through business, data, and process modeling to create reusable components and reduce testing time.
This document discusses various software process models, including:
- Waterfall model - A linear sequential model that emphasizes documentation and rigid phases.
- Prototyping model - Allows requirements to change by building prototypes to understand needs.
- RAD (Rapid Application Development) model - Emphasizes short development cycles using reusable components.
- Incremental model - Applies phases in a staggered way, allowing extensions at each step.
- Spiral model - Organizes activities as a spiral with risk reduction and prototype evaluations.
- Component-based model - Focuses on reusing pre-existing software components.
This document discusses various prescriptive process models for software engineering. It begins by introducing generic process frameworks and then discusses traditional models like waterfall, incremental, prototyping, RAD and spiral. It also covers specialized models for component-based development and formal methods. Each model is explained in terms of its activities, advantages and challenges. Traditional models tend to be sequential while evolutionary models iterate and provide early feedback. Specialized models focus on areas like reuse and formal specification.
DESQA a Software Quality Assurance FrameworkIJERA Editor
In current software development lifecycles of heterogeneous environments, the pitfalls businesses have to face are that software defect tracking, measurements and quality assurance do not start early enough in the development process. In fact the cost of fixing a defect in a production environment is much higher than in the initial phases of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) which is particularly true for Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Thus the aim of this study is to develop a new framework for defect tracking and detection and quality estimation for early stages particularly for the design stage of the SDLC. Part of the objectives of this work is to conceptualize, borrow and customize from known frameworks, such as object-oriented programming to build a solid framework using automated rule based intelligent mechanisms to detect and classify defects in software design of SOA. The implementation part demonstrated how the framework can predict the quality level of the designed software. The results showed a good level of quality estimation can be achieved based on the number of design attributes, the number of quality attributes and the number of SOA Design Defects. Assessment shows that metrics provide guidelines to indicate the progress that a software system has made and the quality of design. Using these guidelines, we can develop more usable and maintainable software systems to fulfill the demand of efficient systems for software applications. Another valuable result coming from this study is that developers are trying to keep backwards compatibility when they introduce new functionality. Sometimes, in the same newly-introduced elements developers perform necessary breaking changes in future versions. In that way they give time to their clients to adapt their systems. This is a very valuable practice for the developers because they have more time to assess the quality of their software before releasing it. Other improvements in this research include investigation of other design attributes and SOA Design Defects which can be computed in extending the tests we performed.
This document summarizes several software development process models. It begins by defining what a software process is - a framework for the activities required to build software. It then discusses evolutionary models like prototyping and the spiral model, which use iterative development and user feedback. Concurrent modeling is presented as allowing activities to occur simultaneously. The Unified Process is described as use case driven and iterative. Other models discussed include component-based development, formal methods, and aspect-oriented development. Personal and team software processes are also summarized, focusing on planning, metrics, and continuous improvement.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
APPLYING CONTINUOUS INTEGRATION FOR INCREASING THE MAINTENANCE QUALITY AND EF...ijseajournal
In order to project resource management and time control, software system needs to be decomposed into subsystems, functional modules and basis components. Finally, all tested components have to integrate to be the complete system. Applying IID (Iterative Incremental Development) mechanism, agile development model becomes the practical method to reduce software project failure rate. Continuous integration (CI) is an IID implementation concept which can effectively reduce software development risk. Web app with high change characteristic is suitable to use agile development model as the development and maintenance methodology. The paper depth surveys CI operating environment and advantages. Introducing CI concept can make up the moving target problems to impact of Web app. For this, the paper proposes a Continuous
Integration based Web Applications Maintenance Procedure (CIWAMP) to assist the system integration operating. Based on CI characteristics, CIWAMP makes Web app can be deployed quickly, increase stakeholder communication frequency, improve staff morale, and effectively reduce Web app maintenance
quality and efficiency.
This document discusses rapid software development methods like agile development and extreme programming (XP). It explains that agile methods use iterative development with customer involvement to quickly deliver working software. XP in particular emphasizes practices like test-driven development, pair programming, and frequent small releases. The document also covers rapid application development tools and the use of prototypes to help define requirements before full system development.
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Hybrid model for detection of brain tumor using convolution neural networksCSITiaesprime
The development of aberrant brain cells, some of which may turn cancerous, is known as a brain tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are the most common technique for finding brain tumors. Information about the aberrant tissue growth in the brain is discernible from the MRI scans. In numerous research papers, machine learning, and deep learning algorithms are used to detect brain tumors. It takes extremely little time to forecast a brain tumor when these algorithms are applied to MRI pictures, and better accuracy makes it easier to treat patients. The radiologist can make speedy decisions because of this forecast. The proposed work creates a hybrid convolution neural networks (CNN) model using CNN for feature extraction and logistic regression (LR). The pre-trained model visual geometry group 16 (VGG16) is used for the extraction of features. To reduce the complexity and parameters to train we eliminated the last eight layers of VGG16. From this transformed model the features are extracted in the form of a vector array. These features fed into different machine learning classifiers like support vector machine (SVM), naïve bayes (NB), LR, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), AdaBoost, and random forest for training and testing. The performance of different classifiers is compared. The CNN-LR hybrid combination outperformed the remaining classifiers. The evaluation measures such as recall, precision, F1-score, and accuracy of the proposed CNN-LR model are 94%, 94%, 94%, and 91% respectively.
Implementing lee's model to apply fuzzy time series in forecasting bitcoin priceCSITiaesprime
Over time, cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin have attracted investor's and speculators' interest. Bitcoin's dramatic rise in value in recent years has caught the attention of many who see it as a promising investment asset. After all, Bitcoin investment is inseparable from Bitcoin price volatility that investors must mitigate. This research aims to use Lee's Fuzzy Time Series approach to forecast the price of Bitcoin. A time series analysis method called Lee's Fuzzy Time Series to get around ambiguity and uncertainty in time series data. Ching-Cheng Lee first introduced this approach in his research on time series prediction. This method is a development of several previous fuzzy time series (FTS) models, namely Song and Chissom and Cheng and Chen. According to most previous studies, Lee's model was stated to be able to convey more precise forecasting results than the classic model from the FTS. This study used first and second orders, where researchers obtained error values from the first order of 5.419% and the second order of 4.042%, which means that the forecasting results are excellent. But of both orders, only the first order can be used to predict the next period's Bitcoin price. In the second order, the resulting relations in the next period do not have groups in their fuzzy logical relationship group (FLRG), so they can not predict the price in the next period. This study contributes to considering investors and the general public as a factor in keeping, selling, or purchasing cryptocurrencies.
Sentiment analysis of online licensing service quality in the energy and mine...CSITiaesprime
The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia regularly assessed public satisfaction with its online licensing services. User rated their satisfaction at 3.42 on a scale of 4, below the organization's average of 3.53. Evaluating public service performance is crucial for quality improvement. Previous research relied solely on survey data to assess public satisfaction. This study goes further by analyzing user feedback in text form from an online licensing application to identify negative aspects of the service that need enhancement. The dataset spanned September 2019 to February 2023, with 24,112 entries. The choice of classification methods on the highest accuracy values among decision tree, random forest, naive bayes, stochastic gradient descent, logistic regression (LR), and k-nearest neighbor. The text data was converted into numerical form using CountVectorizer and term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) techniques, along with unigrams and bigrams for dividing sentences into word segments. LR bigram CountVectorizer ranked highest with 89% for average precision, F1-score, and recall, compared to the other five classification methods. The sentiment analysis polarity level was 36.2% negative. Negative sentiment revealed expectations from the public to the ministry to improve the top three aspects: system, mechanism, and procedure; infrastructure and facilities; and service specification product types.
Trends in sentiment of Twitter users towards Indonesian tourism: analysis wit...CSITiaesprime
This research analyzes the sentiment of Twitter users regarding tourism in Indonesia using the keyword "wonderful Indonesia" as the tourism promotion identity. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the public sentiment towards "wonderful Indonesia" through social media data analysis. The novelty obtained provides new insights into valuable information about Indonesian tourism for the government and relevant stakeholders in promoting Indonesian tourism and enhancing tourist experiences. The method used is tweet analysis and classification using the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm to determine the positive, neutral, or negative sentiment of the tweets. The classification results show that the majority of tweets (65.1% out of a total of 14,189 tweets) have a neutral sentiment, indicating that most tweets with the "wonderful Indonesia" tagline are related to advertising or promoting Indonesian tourism. However, the percentage of tweets with positive sentiment (33.8%) is higher than those with negative sentiment (1.1%). This study also achieved training results with an accuracy rate of 98.5%, precision of 97.6%, recall of 98.5%, and F1-score of 98.1%. However, reassessment is needed in the future as Twitter users' sentiments can change along with the development of Indonesian tourism itself.
The impact of usability in information technology projectsCSITiaesprime
Achieving success in information system and technology (IS/IT) projects is a complex and multifaceted endeavour that has proven difficult. The literature is replete with project failures, but identifying the critical success factors contributing to favourable outcomes remains challenging. The triad of Time-Cost-Quality is widely accepted as key to achieving project success. While time and cost can be quantified and measured, quality is a more complex construct that requires different metrics and measurement approaches. Utilizing the PRISMA Methodology, this study initiated a comprehensive search across literature databases and identified 142 relevant articles pertaining to the specified keywords. A subset of ten articles was deemed suitable for further examination through rigorous screening and eligibility assessments. Notably, a primary finding indicates that despite recognizing usability as a critical element, there is a tendency to neglect usability enhancements due to time and resource constraints. Regarding the influence of usability on project success, the active involvement of end-users emerges as a pivotal factor. Moreover, fostering the enhancement of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) knowledge within the development team is essential. Failure to provide good usability can lead to project failure, undermining user satisfaction and adoption of the technology.
Collecting and analyzing network-based evidenceCSITiaesprime
Since nearly the beginning of the Internet, malware has been a significant deterrent to productivity for end users, both personal and business related. Due to the pervasiveness of digital technologies in all aspects of human lives, it is increasingly unlikely that a digital device is involved as goal, medium or simply ‘witness’ of a criminal event. Forensic investigations include collection, recovery, analysis, and presentation of information stored on network devices and related to network crimes. These activities often involve wide range of analysis tools and application of different methods. This work presents methods that helps digital investigators to correlate and present information acquired from forensic data, with the aim to get a more valuable reconstructions of events or action to reach case conclusions. Main aim of network forensic is to gather evidence. Additionally, the evidence obtained during the investigation must be produced through a rigorous investigation procedure in a legal context.
Agile adoption challenges in insurance: a systematic literature and expert re...CSITiaesprime
The drawback of agile is struggled to function in large businesses like banks, insurance companies, and government agencies, which are frequently associated with cumbersome processes. Traditional software development techniques were cumbersome and pay more attention to standardization and industry, this leads to high costs and prolonged costs. The insurance company does not embrace change and agility may find themselves distracted and lose customers to agile competitors who are more relevant and customer-centric. Thus, to investigate the challenges and to recognize the prospect of agile adoption in insurance industry, a systematic literature review (SLR) in this study was organized and validated by expert review from professional with expertise in agile. The project performance domain from project management body of knowledge (PMBOK) was applied to align the challenges and the solution. Academicians and practitioners can acquire the perception and knowledge in having exceeded understanding about the challenge and solution of agile adoption from the results.
Exploring network security threats through text mining techniques: a comprehe...CSITiaesprime
In response to the escalating cybersecurity threats, this research focuses on leveraging text mining techniques to analyze network security data effectively. The study utilizes user-generated reports detailing attacks on server networks. Employing clustering algorithms, these reports are grouped based on threat levels. Additionally, a classification algorithm discerns whether network activities pose security risks. The research achieves a noteworthy 93% accuracy in text classification, showcasing the efficacy of these techniques. The novelty lies in classifying security threat report logs according to their threat levels. Prioritizing high-risk threats, this approach aids network management in strategic focus. By enabling swift identification and categorization of network security threats, this research equips organizations to take prompt, targeted actions, enhancing overall network security.
An LSTM-based prediction model for gradient-descending optimization in virtua...CSITiaesprime
A virtual learning environment (VLE) is an online learning platform that allows many students, even millions, to study according to their interests without being limited by space and time. Online learning environments have many benefits, but they also have some drawbacks, such as high dropout rates, low engagement, and students' self-regulated behavior. Evaluating and analyzing the students' data generated from online learning platforms can help instructors to understand and monitor students learning progress. In this study, we suggest a predictive model for assessing student success in online learning. We investigate the effect of hyperparameters on the prediction of student learning outcomes in VLEs by the long short-term memory (LSTM) model. A hyperparameter is a parameter that has an impact on prediction results. Two optimization algorithms, adaptive moment estimation (Adam) and Nesterov-accelerated adaptive moment estimation (Nadam), were used to modify the LSTM model's hyperparameters. Based on the findings of research done on the optimization of the LSTM model using the Adam and Nadam algorithm. The average accuracy of the LSTM model using Nadam optimization is 89%, with a maximum accuracy of 93%. The LSTM model with Nadam optimisation performs better than the model with Adam optimisation when predicting students in online learning.
Generalization of linear and non-linear support vector machine in multiple fi...CSITiaesprime
Support vector machines (SVMs) are a set of related supervised learning methods used for classification and regression. They belong to a family of generalized linear classifiers. In other terms, SVM is a classification and regression prediction tool that uses machine learning theory to maximize predictive accuracy. In this article, the discussion about linear and non-linear SVM classifiers with their functions and parameters is investigated. Due to the equality type of constraints in the formulation, the solution follows from solving a set of linear equations. Besides this, if the under-consideration problem is in the form of a non-linear case, then the problem must convert into linear separable form with the help of kernel trick and solve it according to the methods. Some important algorithms related to sentimental work are also presented in this paper. Generalization of the formulation of linear and non-linear SVMs is also open in this article. In the final section of this paper, the different modified sections of SVM are discussed which are modified by different research for different purposes.
Designing a framework for blockchain-based e-voting system for LibyaCSITiaesprime
A transition to democratic rule is considered the first step down a long road towards Libya’s recovery and prosperity. Thus, it strives to improve the country’s elections by introducing new technologies. A blockchain is a distributed ledger that is characterised by independence and security. Therefore, it has been widely applied in various fields ranging from credit encryption and digital currency. With the development of internet technology, electronic voting (E-voting) systems have been greatly popularised. However, they suffer from various security threats, which create a sense of distrust among existing systems. Integrating blockchain with online elections is a promising trend, which could lead to make an election transparent, immutable, reliable, and more secure. In this paper, we present a literature review and a case analysis of blockchain technology. Moreover, a framework for an E-voting system based on blockchain is proposed. The methodology is adopted on the basis of three activities, they are identification of the relevant literature about E-voting, system modelling, and the determination of suitable technological tools. The framework is secure and reliable. Thus, it could help increase the number of voters and ensure a high level of participation, as well as facilitate free and fair electoral processes.
Development reference model to build management reporter using dynamics great...CSITiaesprime
The digital technology transformation impacts changes in business patterns that require companies to innovate to act appropriately in making strategic decisions quickly, precisely, and accurately to increase efficiency, be practical company performance, and impacts changes in business patterns that require companies to innovate to act appropriately in making strategic decisions quickly to improve the performance. An enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is one step toward achieving performance. ERP system is one step to achieving performance. ERP system is essential for companies to automate the efficiency of business processes. The decisions from management in implementing the ERP system are necessary for ERP implementation to be successful. However, in practice, companies still experience complexity. For that, it needs to be considered related a business process reference model is essential to enhance efficiency in implementing the ERP used. This research discusses the business process reference model based on the ERP dynamics great plain (GP) application aggregated using management reporter (MR) to help users better understand the practical overview. The methodology utilizes a reference model based on Microsoft Dynamics GP guidelines with a business process redesign approach. This contributes to developing business processes to help users understand using the ERP dynamics GP application.
Social media and optimization of the promotion of Lake Toba tourism destinati...CSITiaesprime
Tourism is one of the largest contributors to Indonesia's foreign exchange earnings, surpassing taxation, energy, and gas. This study seeks to investigate the use of social media to optimize the promotion of Lake Toba as a tourist destination, which has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using interview techniques and live field observations, it was discovered that social media, particularly the Instagram platform, play a significant role in promoting Lake Toba tourism. The Department of Culture and Tourism of the North Sumatra Province uses landscape photography as its primary promotion method, which has proved to be more effective and interesting than conventional methods such as the distribution of brochures or the use of manuals. The capture procedure and techniques for landscape photography were carried out by professional photographers in collaboration with the Department of Culture and Tourism of the North Sumatra Province. In addition to providing information, tourism sumut's Instagram account functions as a platform to raise public awareness about Lake Toba tourism and as a promotional medium for North Sumatra's tourist attractions on an international scale. Department of Culture and Tourism of the North Sumatra Province collaborates with travel agencies and local communities to disseminate Lake Toba tourism information.
Caring jacket: health monitoring jacket integrated with the internet of thing...CSITiaesprime
One of the policies that have been made by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Indonesian government during this COVID-19 pandemic, is to use an oximeter for self-isolation patients. The oximeter is used to monitor the patient if happy hypoxia which is a silent killer, happens to the patient. To maintain body endurance, exercise is needed by COVID-19 patients, but doing too much exercise can also cause decreased immunity. That’s why fatigue level and exercise intensity need to be monitored. When exercising, social distancing protocol should be also reminded because can lower COVID-19 spreading up to 13.6%. To solve this issue, the Caring Jacket is proposed which is a health monitoring jacket integrated with an IoT system. This jacket is equipped with some sensors and the global positioning system (GPS) for tracking. The data from the test showed the temperature reading accuracy is up to 99.38%, the oxygen rate up to 97.31%, the beats per minute (BPM) sensor up to 97.82%, and the precision of all sensors is 97.00% compared with a calibrated device.
Net impact implementation application development life-cycle management in ba...CSITiaesprime
Digital transformation in the banking sector creates a lot of demand for application development, either new development or application enhancement. Continuous demand for reimagining, revamping, and running applications reliably needs to be supported by collaboration tools. Several big banks in Indonesia use Atlassian products, including Jira, Confluence, Bamboo, Bitbucket, and Crowd, to support strategic company projects. We need to measure the net impact of application development life-cycle management (ADLM) as a collaboration tool. Using the deLone and McLean model, process questionnaire data from banks in Indonesia that use ADLM. Processing data using structural equation modeling (SEM), multiple variables are analyzed statistically to establish, estimate, and test the causation model. The conclusions highlight that system quality strongly affected only User Satisfaction (p=0.049 and β=0.39). Information quality strongly affected use (p=0.001 and β=0.84) and strongly affected user satisfaction (p=0.169 and β=0.28). Service quality strongly affected only use (p=0.127 and β=0.31). Conclusion research verifies the information system's achievement approach described by DeLone and McLean. Importantly, it was discovered that system usability and quality were key indicators of ADLM success. To fulfill their objective, ADLM must be developed in a way that is simple to use, adaptable, and functional.
Circularly polarized metamaterial Antenna in energy harvesting wearable commu...CSITiaesprime
When battery powered sensors are spread out in places that are sometimes hard to reach, sustaining them become difficult. Therefore, to develop this technology on a large scale such as in the internet of things (IoT) scenario, it is necessary to figure out how to power them. The proffered solution in this work, is to get energy from the environment using energy harvesting Antennas. This work presents a wearable circular polarized efficient receiving and transmitting sensors for medical, IoT, and communication systems at the frequency range of WLAN, and GSM from 900 MHz up to 6 GHz. Using a cascaded system block of a circularly polarized Antenna, a rectifier and t-matching network, the design was successfully simulated. A DC charging voltage of 2.8V was achieved to power-up batteries of the wearable and IoT sensors. The major contribution of this work is the tri-band Antenna system which is able to harvest reflected Wi-Fi frequencies and also GSM frequencies combined in a miniaturized manner. This innovative configuration is a step forward in building devices with over 80% duty cycle.
An ensemble approach for the identification and classification of crime tweet...CSITiaesprime
Twitter is a famous social media platform, which supports short posts limited to 280 characters. Users tweet about many topics like movie reviews, customer service, meals they just ate, and awareness posts. Tweets carrying information about some crime scenes are crime tweets. Crime tweets are crucial and informative and separate classification is required. Identification and classification of crime tweets is a challenging task and has been the researcher’s latest interest. The researchers used different approaches to identify and classify crime tweets. This research has used an ensemble approach for the identification and classification of crime tweets. Tweepy and Twint libraries were used to collect datasets from Twitter. Both libraries use contrasting methods for extracting tweets from Twitter. This research has applied many ensemble approaches for the identification and classification of crime tweets. Logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF) Classifier assigned with the weights of 1,2,1,1 and 1 respectively ensemble together by a soft weighted Voting classifier along with term frequency – inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) vectorizer gives the best performance with an accuracy of 96.2% on the testing dataset.
National archival platform system design using the microservice-based service...CSITiaesprime
Archives play a vital function concerning the dynamics of people and nations as an instrument to treasure information in diverse domains of politics, society, economics, culture, science, and technology. The acceleration of digital transformation triggers the implementation of a smart government that supports better public services. The smart government encourages a national archival system to facilitate archive producers and users. The four electronic-based government system (SPBE) factors in the archival sector and open archival information system (OAIS) as a data preservation standard are the benchmarks in developing this study's national archival platform system. An improved service computing system engineering (SCSE) framework adapted to the microservice architecture is used to aid the design of the national archival platform system. The proposed design met the four-factor service design validation of coupling, cohesion, complexity, and reusability. Also, the prototype suggests what resources are needed to put the design into action by passing the performance test of availability measurement.
Antispoofing in face biometrics: A comprehensive study on software-based tech...CSITiaesprime
The vulnerability of the face recognition system to spoofing attacks has piqued the biometric community's interest, motivating them to develop anti-spoofing techniques to secure it. Photo, video, or mask attacks can compromise face biometric systems (types of presentation attacks). Spoofing attacks are detected using liveness detection techniques, which determine whether the facial image presented at a biometric system is a live face or a fake version of it. We discuss the classification of face anti-spoofing techniques in this paper. Anti-spoofing techniques are divided into two categories: hardware and software methods. Hardware-based techniques are summarized briefly. A comprehensive study on software-based countermeasures for presentation attacks is discussed, which are further divided into static and dynamic methods. We cited a few publicly available presentation attack datasets and calculated a few metrics to demonstrate the value of anti-spoofing techniques.
The antecedent e-government quality for public behaviour intention, and exten...CSITiaesprime
An The main objective of the study is to identify the antecedent of leadership quality, public satisfaction and public behaviour intention of e-government service. Also, this study integrated e-government quality to expectation-confirmation model. In order to achieve these goals, observational research was then carried out to collect primary information, using the method of data dissemination and obtaining the opinion of 360 from the public using the e-government service and some of the e-government and software quality experts. The results of the study show that the positive association among the e-government services quality and public perceived usefulness, public expectation confirmation, leadership quality and public satisfaction that also play a positive role on the public behavior intention.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
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UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
Automatic model transformation on multi-platform system development with model driven architecture approach
1. Computer Science and Information Technologies
Vol. 3, No. 3, November 2022, pp. 157~168
ISSN: 2722-3221, DOI: 10.11591/csit.v3i3.pp157-168 157
Journal homepage: http://iaesprime.com/index.php/csit
Automatic model transformation on multi-platform system
development with model driven architecture approach
Aila Gema Safitri, Firas Atqiya
Department of Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received May 27, 2022
Revised Nov 4, 2022
Accepted Nov 10, 2022
Several difficulties commonly arise during the software development
process. Among them are the lengthy technical process of developing a
system, the limited number and technical capabilities of human resources,
the possibility of bugs and errors during the testing and implementation
phase, dynamic and frequently changing user requirements, and the need for
a system that supports multi-platforms. Rapid application development
(RAD) is the software development life cycle (SDLC) that emphasizes the
production of a prototype in a short amount of time (30-90 days). This study
discovered that implementing a model-driven architecture (MDA) approach
into the RAD method can accelerate the model design and prototyping
stages. The goal is to accelerate the SDLC process. It took roughly five
weeks to construct the system by applying all of the RAD stages. This time
frame does not include iteration and the cutover procedure. During the
prototype test, there were no errors with the create, read, update, and delete
(CRUD) procedure. It was demonstrated that automatic transformation in
MDA can shorten the RAD phases for designing the model and developing
an early prototype, reduce code errors in standard processes like CRUD, and
construct a system that supports multi-platform.
Keywords:
Automatic model
transformation
Model-driven architecture
Rapid application development
System prototyping
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Aila Gema Safitri
Department of Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung
Soekarno-Hatta Street 752, Bandung 40614, West Java, Indonesia
Email: ailagema@umbandung.ac.id
1. INTRODUCTION
Software development life cycle (SDLC) models have been developed from a crude linear
sequential process model to a more dynamic and inventive approach to satisfy customer and market demands
more swiftly during the past few decades [1]. Several issues often arise in the SDLC process: system
requirements in the customer domain generally take a long time, how to balance the time with the effort
required for system implementation, integration between systems, and coordination between teams with
different skills [2]. In addition, the conventional software development approach has several limitations,
including the necessity to rewrite function code when a technological update occurs [3]. This is one thing that
makes the software development process take so long.
In 1991, James Martin published a book about the rapid application development (RAD) approach
[4]. According to Martin, the primary objectives of RAD include high-quality systems, rapid development
and delivery, and low costs [4], [5]. RAD entails iterative development and prototype construction [1], [6]. It
allows for quick prototyping, retargeting, reuse of existing software, and hardware-specific optimization [7].
The RAD technique was created to overcome the limitations of traditional system development
methodologies such as waterfall [7], [8]. Compared to traditional software engineering methodologies, using
RAD in the application development cycle can promote a faster process and provide high-quality software
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[9]. It allows enterprises to cut software development and maintenance expenses [10]. It is suggested that the
RAD method be used with other system development techniques and with the help of the right tools for
project management [11].
The four-phases of the RAD are requirements planning, user design, construction, and cutover [4],
[5], [11]. The RAD phase focuses on the iterative user design process, which includes prototyping, testing,
and refining. According to various publications, RAD prototype modelling method consists of five stages:
business modelling, data modelling, process modelling, application development, testing, and turnover [6].
The emphasis of the RAD method is on rapid prototype development with small feature sets in early
versions. The initial version of the prototype is tested with users to get feedback that will improve the
development of the subsequent prototype. The prototype's next version is developed by reusing the templates,
tools, processes, and code that existed in the previous version. Therefore, automation tools are used to
support the acceleration of the prototype-building process.
Several literature studies on system development using the RAD method, including:
− Development of an agricultural irrigation system for software [7], BAZNAS Zakat Receipt Information
System [12], data bank population [13], and an event management system [14]. Most research on RAD
applies the model design phase manually using specific tools, particularly for use case designs, activity
diagrams, class diagrams, and entity relationship diagrams (ERDs). Similarly, system developers
implement framework-based code during the construction of the prototype phase. In addition, some of
these studies lack information regarding the duration of each growth phase. The information about the
timeline in each phase can demonstrate whether the system implements the RAD approach successfully.
− Research about developing a website for dutatani leveraging iterative models and prototype procedures
[9] has addressed the timeline of each RAD phase. Table 1 shows the duration required for implementing
the RAD phases in dutatani website development.
According to Table 1, system development using RAD takes 30 weeks or 150 days. The system
prototyping phase required the most time and the most significant number of teams.
− Investigate the efficiency of the RAD stage by switching from manual to automatic requirements-
gathering techniques using agents [15]. As a result, using agents in the RAD phase, precisely
requirements planning, can improve quality, accelerate software engineering procedures, and produce
fast, quality-oriented, and efficient computer systems. However, the time required for each stage of RAD
implementation was not explained in detail in this study.
− Another research on the RAD approach for constructing a geographic information system (GIS) [16].
Table 2 shows that the development time of GIS took 12 weeks or 84 days. Each stage in Table 2 is
completed using manual techniques.
− Research conducted by Fatima et al. [11] has attempted to accelerate the RAD process by shifting the
requirements-gathering approach from manual to automatic employing agents such as an entity that can
independently observe and respond to its surroundings. This technique has increased efficiency in the
RAD phase of the project's early stages and even decreased the mistake rate during the requirements
gathering phase.
− Paper on model-view-controller (MVC) framework integration into RAD process model to map defined
user requirements into MVC architecture [1]. The goal is to simplify the software product delivery
process while maintaining the application's quality of service. However, the paper does not include a
timeline for each stage of the RAD.
Table 1. Timeline of dutatani website development [9]
Model Stages Duration Number of Teams
Iterative Planning, Analysis, Main Design 5 Weeks (May-June) 1
System Prototyping Design, Specific, Implementation, Prototyping 16 Weeks (June-September) 2
Iterative Integration 9 Weeks (September-October) 1
Table 2. Development time of GIS of industrial centres [16]
Stages Duration Number of Teams
Planning 2 Weeks 1
Analysis 1 Week 1
Design 2 Weeks 1
Implementation 7 Weeks 2
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The RAD is one of the practical methods for rapid software development. However, it has
significant downsides, such as an enormous risk of system failure, less efficiency in meeting customer
satisfaction, and more time spent working on different phases [11]. Based on a literature study of several
papers on system development using RAD, some implementation difficulties have been identified:
− System development utilizing the RAD technique frequently concentrates on implementing the existing
phases in RAD without introducing innovation to accelerate the process in each phase. In general, the
results demonstrate that the system was successfully developed based on the RAD phases without
demonstrating the novelty of the approach or technical innovation.
− The model design stage still takes a lengthy time. The team does not utilize tools that can automatically
generate models. Several technologies have been used to develop the model, including use case, ERD,
class diagrams, interface designs, and other model designs. However, the team must still design and
construct models manually using these tools.
− The prototype construction phase is the most time-consuming and requires many teams. Multiple backend
and frontend development teams must collaborate to create a prototype, starting with building the system
architecture, database, tables, backend, and system interface. However, not all teams can complete tasks
on time. For example, team A may complete a task in 16 weeks, but Team B may complete it in 12
weeks; the system integration process only starts when all teams have completed their work [9].
This paper discusses how to speed up the stages of RAD and improve the resource efficiency of the
development team by producing design models and prototypes in a short time, less prone to errors, and
enabling multi-platform system deployment. To do this, we proposed a model-driven architecture based
(MDA) automation approach at every stage of RAD, especially when creating models and constructing
system prototypes. The conceptual framework and software development process in MDA depends on the
model [2], [17]. The model can represent business processes, hardware, software, the environment, and other
domain-specific system components [18]. Model-Driven Development stipulates that a system is established
and developed based on a model on an independent platform, which is then converted to a specific platform
[17], [19].
The object management group (OMG) developed MDA as a software development approach in
2001 [2], [3], [18], [19]. MDA or model-driven architecture is built on separating business logic and
implementation logic [19]. It provides a collection of tools for the process of abstracting the general aspects
of an application in order to improve the software development process [3]. The model provides a methodical
and comprehensive picture of an application that must be created utilizing software and programming
languages [20]. A model simplifies something so that it may be viewed, manipulated, and reasoned about,
allowing us to comprehend the inherent complexity of the subject under study [21]. A model can be
described in several types of expressions, including unified modelling language (UML) class diagrams,
ERDs, and user interface images [18].
Several previous studies indicate that the MDA method can increase efficiency in the software
development process [2], [3]; supports interoperability against design-time [3], [21], and supports multi-
platform [3], [22]; reduces effort-time and generates error-free code [17]. Amr et al. [19] have described the
methods and procedures for semi-automatic transformation of the CIM model presented by the BPMN source
model (Business Process Model and Notation) into the PIM target model presented by the class diagram on
the "COVID-19 patient management" business process. The research by Ahmed et al. [22] focuses on MDA
issues taking precedence over testing or SPL when automating test scripts. This study uses two case studies
to show the PSM taxonomy in the well-established test script domain. It also lists several relevant research
challenges that need to be solved in order to solve this problem. Aksakalli et al. [23] present a model-driven
strategy for the automated deployment of microservices to reduce execution and communication costs. Using
a series of transformation rules and recommendations, Habba et al. [24] describe an MDA approach to
transforming a group of BPMN models into a UML class diagram. By examining a group of models at the
source level containing a substantial number of BPMN meta-model elements, MDA can contribute to the
alignment process inside an organization [24]. Amdahl et al. [25] employ the MDA methodology to design
the architecture between the business process and technological layer to support collaborative business
processes. It proposes a graphical DSL (BPMN4Coll) for collaborative business processes based on BPMN
[25].
The MDA Framework increases the level of abstraction and reusability, allowing applications to
become independent of a single platform and seamlessly deploy on multiple technologies [22]. The function
of the abstraction level in MDA is software reuse with an emphasis on interoperability at design time [21].
Modelling and abstraction enable us to comprehend and specify a system in great detail, for instance, how a
system can be implemented on a specific technology or platform [18]. Figure 1 illustrates a collection of
OMG-defined layers and transformations that serve as MDA's conceptual framework and terminology [2]. In
the MDA layers, various types of models are transformed. A transformation transforms a model from one
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degree of abstraction to another, such as a more abstract view to a less abstract view, by adding detail via
transformation rules [26]. The transformation process can be implemented in two ways: model-to-model (the
transfer from CIM to PIM or PIM to PSM) and model-to-text (the production of code from PSM to a
particular programming language as a target) [26].
Figure 1. Layers and transformation process of MDA [2]
Computation independent model (CIM) is a model-related or business domain layer. This layer is
concerned with people, locations, things, and the fundamental laws of the domain [18]. Use cases are derived
from stakeholder requirements [27]. PIM is a sophisticated model that distinguishes logic from technology
implementation [17]. PIM is platform and technology-independent, enabling the development of applications
compatible with many systems [3]. In PIM, model translation occurs in high-level abstraction models that are
turned into low-level abstractions dependent on specific technologies or platforms [2]. Meta models translate
CIM models and their interactions into system models at the PIM level [26]. All parameters must be
completed for PIM to be considered validated [27].
Platform-specific model (PSM) is generated through a specific mapping procedure or model
transformation in PIM [2], [28]. PSM's high-level abstraction model emerged from transforming PIM into a
technology-dependent, low-level abstraction model [2]. The automated mapping of meta-models took place
at the PIM to PSM layer [22]. PSM is a high-level model with more general semantics, including- create,
read, update, and delete (CRUD) actions mapped to native API [22]. It describes the system's technology
architecture as illustrated by a particular implementation [17]. Mapping is handy for generating a collection
of to-be-coded rules. This code is generated when changing the PSM model into code associated with
technology or tools [27], [29].
The following step is to generate code from PSM using a code generator. Code generators automate
repetitive coding and configuration operations, fulfil abstract implementation details, and decrease
development expenses and time [30]. Code generators can produce entire code or skeletons for programmers
to complete [26]. The code generator automatically translates an existing model, including a set of rules, into
a programming language. Finally, both artefacts (code and model) can be edited to accommodate model
modifications [26]. Generators enable the creation of web applications with complete functionality, a
responsive interface that can be used on any device, complete source code that can be scaled and customized,
and, most importantly, substantial time and cost savings when developing software projects [30].
2. RESEARCH METHOD
There are three implementation techniques for RAD: iterative development, system prototyping, and
throwaway prototype [8]. As depicted in Figure 2, system prototyping is used in this study's RAD modelling
technique [8]. The prototyping system development techniques' analysis, design, and implementation phases
aim to develop the prototype system rapidly. The initial iteration of the prototype contains simply the bare
necessities for the user [9]. Implementing this early prototype for users is intended to elicit feedback and
comments. The developer will evaluate the feedback and comments and use them to do analysis, design, and
reimplementation for the next version of the prototype [9]. This iteration will continue until the developer,
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user, and funding team concur that the system satisfies all of the organization's needs and feature
requirements [8]. The system development process is confined to the creation of the initial prototype and
implementation for the user. This research does not involve the cutover stage and creating the final version of
the prototype.
Figure 2. Stages of the RAD model using system prototyping [8]
According to Figure 2, we proposed a method for incorporating the MDA process into the RAD
model. The accelerated stages are model design (PIM layer) and prototype construction (PSM layer).
Figure 3 illustrates the MDA layers utilized at each RAD level. The model will be produced automatically in
the PIM and PSM layers using the JHipster tool. This tool is utilized to rapidly design, develop, and deploy
web applications and microservice architectures. Jhipster has a client-server-side technological stack. The
client side of this prototype was developed with angular, while the server side was developed with spring,
which is comparable to Java programming.
Figure 3. The integration of the MDA process into the RAD prototype model
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MDA provides an automatic transformation method based on patterns between abstraction levels
[18]. The transformation is performed under a set of rules to provide an output model that conforms to the
target meta-model [24]. The pattern was established based on previously proven criteria, such as business and
user requirements, which constituted the rules for use cases, entities, and their relationships. MDA performs
model transformation as part of a disciplined and effective software development process [2]. The source
model corresponding to the source meta-model and the target meta-model are inputs for the model
transformation [24]. A well-designed model facilitates the transformation process on a particular platform
[17].
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This section will demonstrate the outcomes of integrating the MDA into the RAD method. The
focus of the result was the model transformation process from CIM to PIM and PIM to PSM. A
transformation is a mechanism for changing models from one degree of abstraction to another, often from a
more abstract perspective to a less abstract one, by adding more detail provided by the transformation rules
[26]. Table 3 displays the outcomes of applying the MDA to the RAD model. Planning and analysis are
located within the CIM layer. The business process was transformed into an ERD model at the PIM layer.
The PSM layer produces an early prototype automatically based on the ERD model. This prototype is
compatible with various systems (web and mobile). The final step involved providing the user with the
prototype. At this time, we have collected user feedback, which will be used to develop the next version of
the prototype.
Table 3. The result of incorporating the MDA into the RAD model using system prototyping
Stages of RAD Layer of MDA Automated Process with MDA Duration Number of Teams
Planning and Analysis CIM - 2 weeks 2
Design PIM √ 1 day 1
System Prototype PSM √ 6 days 1
Implementation ISM - 2 weeks 1
According to Table 3, all phases of RAD take approximately five weeks to complete. The initial
phase, planning and analysis, is approximately two weeks, depending on the length of the discussion with the
user and the study of the system's needs. The second stage, the design phase, is a translation from CIM to
PIM that yields a design model in the form of an ERD, including sixteen interconnected entities. The ERD is
the foundation for transforming the model from PIM to PSM. The third phase is constructing an initial
prototype based on the PIM-generated model. A skeleton system was generated for the backend and front end
at the PSM layer. Creating a system skeleton as an early prototype takes approximately three to four minutes.
In terms of duration, the customization of the UI and features are the most time-consuming step. The
duration of customizing depends on the level of comprehension and technical expertise of the development
team regarding the system's skeleton design. The construction of the initial prototype and its customization
required six days. The technique of automatically producing prototypes at the RAD stage can save time and
reduce system function errors, such as the CRUD procedure for each entity and its relationships. Several
research findings on the construction of RAD-based systems indicate that system prototyping is the most
time-consuming and team-intensive technique. It is because the development team must manually code the
application. At the ISM layer, the final phase concludes with the implementation of the initial prototype for
the user. This procedure necessitates user validation of the business logic system agreed upon throughout the
design and requirements phase. User feedback gathered throughout the implementation phase will be utilized
to evaluate the model and create the next version of the prototype.
3.1. Computation independent model (CIM)
In the CIM layer, we collect requirements from user interviews and conduct several literature
searches related to the lecturer activity monitoring system. Admin can manage user registration and master
data such as activity types, academic year, faculty, and study program. The lecturer reports the activities by
filling out the form activities description and attaching documentation in the form of an image and a file.
Tridharma's activities include teaching, research, community service, and other academic activities such as
workshops, training and seminars. The lecturer's activities were recorded and documented by the system. A
mobile app allows university executives to keep track of lecturer activities.
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3.2. Platform independent model (PIM)
The PIM model is constructed using use cases and requirements specified in CIM [27]. PIM
provides a system model abstraction level that encapsulates key domain characteristics as classes and entity
properties [2]. During this phase, JHipster Domain Language (JDL) Studio is utilized to create entities for the
data modelling process. Figure 4 depicts the sample of creating an entity penelitian and pengabdian, and the
relationship between entities.
Figure 4. Design entities and relationships between entities
Each entity has properties, data type, length, and relationships between entities. After constructing
the entities and relationships, we generate the ERD using JDL studio. Figure 5 displays the 16 entities
constructed based on the business process's analysis and provisions. The PIM layer produces an ERD design
and a JDL file, including entity classes, relations, data types, and field validation code. This JDL file will be
utilized in the application development process. The ERD model represents the outcomes of mapping from
the CIM layer's abstraction level to entities and their relationships. This ERD model is implementable on
numerous platforms.
3.3. Platform specific model (PSM)
The process in PSM explains a high-level abstraction model that is changed into a low-level
abstraction based on the technology or tools employed. The model is converted into a specific platform of
technology in the form of program code. Code generators were utilized to generate an implementation from
the model, allowing for proper model-driven software development. Code generators, similar to compilers,
support a particular source language, translate it into a target language, and are written in a particular
language [26]. In this stage, the model transformations in the PSM layer were carried out automatically with
the help of the code generator Jhipster Domain Language (JDL) - Studio. JDL is a unique JHipster language
domain that uses a user-friendly syntax to define all applications, implementations, entities, and their
relationships in one or more software files. The JDL executes a file that contains entity classes, relations, data
types, and field validation generated in the PIM layer. The ERD model was transformed into a prototype that
can be functionally tested. The model is converted into code, resulting in a system skeleton, a database,
tables, frontend, and backend.
To initialize the application and produce the platform based on the ERD model, we run JHIpster.
The initial stage determines the application type: monolithic; the application name: sidoktor; the
authentication type; the database type: PostgreSQL, the generating backend: Maven; the asynchronous
message broker; the API development using OpenAPI-Generator; the generating client framework: angular,
and the generating admin UI: typescript. Figure 6 shows the process of creating the system skeleton. This
procedure took around four minutes, depending on the laptop or personal computer's specifications.
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Figure 5. The auto-generated ERD in the PIM layer
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Figure 6. The procedure for automatically generating the system skeleton
The constructed skeleton has produced the admin dashboard and utility menus, such as user
management, logging, system login, and API documentation. After completing the skeleton, the JDL files are
imported to create the entities, database, frontend, and backend. The process of turning JDL files into entities,
tables, APIs, and user interfaces is depicted in Figure 7. This process takes approximately three minutes.
Figure 7. The process of generating entities from a JDL file
The entity model and tables produced in the preceding phase are automatically transformed into
entity classes on the backend. Figure 8 demonstrates the transformation of a dosen entity into a dosen class,
with multiple properties extracted from the dosen table's column. These entity classes are implemented in
Java on the backend, whereas TypeScript and Angular are used on the frontend.
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Figure 8. Dosen entity transformation into dosen class
In addition to generating a set of classes and properties for each entity. The PSM layer
transformation generates methods that insert, update, and delete system functions. Figure 9 shows an
example of several methods produced to add, update, and delete entity of penelitian.
Figure 9. The process of generating the methods for an entity of penelitian
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During the customization phase, the developer can modify the frontend and backend based on the
business process requirements and each user's role. Customizing the class of entities, methods, and HTML
files permits user interface enhancement. Business processes determine the amount of time necessary for
customization. In this study, the process of customizing takes approximately six days.
3.4. Implementation spesific model (ISM)
After the backend and frontend have been customized, the production phase is launched. In just
three minutes, the prototype was developed. Four minutes were required to deploy the prototype to Heroku.
During the prototype testing, administrators execute numerous scenarios, such as activating users for
lecturers and inserting master data such as academic year, semester, faculty name, and study program.
Several scenarios for lecturers include user registration, input for tri-dharma activities, and monitoring
activities via a mobile application. The preliminary prototype trial period lasted two weeks. The results show
that all functional systems can run smoothly and without errors when adding, updating, and deleting the data.
4. CONCLUSION
This study has successfully demonstrated that integrating MDA into the RAD phase can accelerate
the model and prototype design process. It took approximately five weeks to design and develop the multi-
platform system based on the RAD method. This timeline excludes the phases of iteration and cutover. The
automatic transformation of the model can generate the model and skeleton system in minutes. The initial
prototype was produced after the customization phase was completed. The amount of time necessary for
customization depends on the complexity of the business process and the number of frontend and backend
features desired by the user. The customization process is not a serious issue as long as the development team
understands the system's skeleton architecture, has technical proficiency, and has Java programming skills,
particularly with the Spring framework. The MDA implementation must be based on a mature design model
that describes the user's primary requirements. If there are modifications to business processes, it may be
necessary to alter the model design. So, the RAD phase will move into an iteration phase, where the model
will be redesigned, the prototype will be rebuilt, and the process will be repeated.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank the Indonesian Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and
Technology (Kemdikbud) for supporting grants for lecturers through the SIMLITABMAS PDP scheme,
which made it possible for us to undertake this research. The researchers from the Information and
Communication Technology Research Centre, Bandung Institute of Technology contributed to system
development.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Aila Gema Safitri received her master's degree from Bandung Institute of
Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics. She is currently a lecturer at
Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung, Department of Informatics, Faculty of Science and
Technology. She also works as a researcher at Information and Communication Technology
Research Centre, Bandung Institute of Technology. Her research area covers information
systems, software engineering, e-learning systems, multimedia and games. She can be
contacted at email: ailagema@umbandung.ac.id.
Firas Atqiya is a Lecturer in the Department of Informatics, Faculty of Science
and Technology at Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung. Her academic credentials are M.Si.,
M.Sc. Her research area includes artificial intelligence and programming. She holds master's
degrees in Computational Science from Institut Teknologi Bandung and Applied Mathematics
from Kanazawa University. She can be contacted at email: firasatqiya@umbandung.ac.id.