This document proposes a framework for an automated policy compliance and change detection system for data networks. Such a system would perform automatic audits of network device configurations against predefined templates and rules to check for compliance with industry standards and organizational policies. Any configuration changes that violate policies would trigger real-time alerts to notify administrators and prevent non-compliant states. The framework is intended to reduce errors from manual configuration management and make the process more efficient by automating audits and policy checks. It would also provide centralized reporting for monitoring and regulatory purposes.
As networks continue to grow in size, speed and complexity,
as well as in the diversification of
their services, they require many ad-hoc configuration changes. S
uch changes may lead to
potential configuration errors, policy violations, inefficie
ncies, and vulnerable states. The
current Network Management landscape is in a dire need for an aut
omated process to prioritize
and manage risk, audit configurations against internal polici
es or external best practices, and
provide centralize reporting for monitoring and regulatory pur
poses in real time. This paper
defines a framework for automated configuration process with a pol
icy compliance and change
detection system, which performs automatic and intelligent n
etwork configuration audits by
using pre-defined configuration templates and library of rule
s that encompass industry
standards for various routing and security related guidelines
.System administrators and change
initiators will have a real time feedback if any of their confi
guration changes violate any of the
policies set for any given device.
AUTHENTICATE SYSTEM OBJECTS USING ACCESS CONTROL POLICY BASED MANAGEMENTEditor IJCATR
The network level access control policy is based on policy rule. The policy rule is a basic
building of a policy based system. Each policy contains set of conditions and actions. Here conditions
are evaluated to determine whether the actions are performed. The existing work is based on packet
filtering scenario. Here every policy can be translated into canonical form. That uses the “First
Matching Rule” resolution strategy. The access control matrix is proposed to translate the policy. The
Generalized Aryabhata Reminder Theorem (GART) is used for to construct the access control matrix.
In this access control matrix rows represent users and columns represent files. In which each user is
associated with key and each digital file is associated with lock.
ANALYSIS OF NETWORK PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT DASHBOARDIAEME Publication
Analysis of performance availability is very important to help improve network
performance. This is due to developing services to be used by customers. In performance
availability it is known that there are many problems that occur in each event in the
field. In achieving the optimal level in carrying out the implementation and support
processes of the performance management dashboard, an analysis is needed to develop
management and control in the networking division with the aim of generating
utilization in the implementation and support processes to align with the business needs
of PT ABC. The existing reference model is a reference model that refers to the
functional area of FCAPS. The FCAPS model consists of five functional areas,
including fault management, configuration management, accounting management,
performance management, and security management. In general, companies have
implemented FCAPS on failure issues and configurations (fault and configuration).
Security / security has relied on other tools that are not integrated in the FCAPS model
as a whole. The basic principle is, even though there are five elements from FCAPS,
one element can influence the success of other elements.
This document provides an overview of network management requirements and systems. It discusses the key areas of network management including fault management, accounting management, configuration and name management, performance management, and security management. It then describes the general architecture of a network management system, including network management entities, agents, and the network control host. Finally, it introduces the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and describes versions 1, 2, and 3.
This document discusses sociotechnical systems and systems engineering. It defines sociotechnical systems as systems that include both technical systems (e.g. hardware and software) as well as operational processes and people. Sociotechnical systems have emergent properties that depend on the interactions between system components. They are also non-deterministic since human behavior introduces unpredictability. Developing sociotechnical systems requires an interdisciplinary approach involving areas like software engineering, organizational design, and human factors.
This document discusses several ethical, legal, and policy issues related to system and network administration. It addresses the potential invasion of user privacy when reviewing browser or email activity. It also discusses ensuring equal reporting of any infractions and protecting sensitive company information. The document also provides guidance on configuring security settings like local users and groups, antivirus software, Windows firewall rules, and proxy server settings.
This document discusses how organizations can improve their return on investment (ROI) in security and compliance management through IT process automation. It argues that automating routine security tasks can free up resources to focus on more strategic work, while also integrating tools and data to streamline processes. This approach aims to simultaneously improve operational efficiency and business enablement. The document provides examples of how NetIQ solutions can help achieve these goals across key areas like configuration management, user activity monitoring, and change control.
It includes provisioning of network, network operations, their installation and management. It also contains various groupings which help to manage a network.
As networks continue to grow in size, speed and complexity,
as well as in the diversification of
their services, they require many ad-hoc configuration changes. S
uch changes may lead to
potential configuration errors, policy violations, inefficie
ncies, and vulnerable states. The
current Network Management landscape is in a dire need for an aut
omated process to prioritize
and manage risk, audit configurations against internal polici
es or external best practices, and
provide centralize reporting for monitoring and regulatory pur
poses in real time. This paper
defines a framework for automated configuration process with a pol
icy compliance and change
detection system, which performs automatic and intelligent n
etwork configuration audits by
using pre-defined configuration templates and library of rule
s that encompass industry
standards for various routing and security related guidelines
.System administrators and change
initiators will have a real time feedback if any of their confi
guration changes violate any of the
policies set for any given device.
AUTHENTICATE SYSTEM OBJECTS USING ACCESS CONTROL POLICY BASED MANAGEMENTEditor IJCATR
The network level access control policy is based on policy rule. The policy rule is a basic
building of a policy based system. Each policy contains set of conditions and actions. Here conditions
are evaluated to determine whether the actions are performed. The existing work is based on packet
filtering scenario. Here every policy can be translated into canonical form. That uses the “First
Matching Rule” resolution strategy. The access control matrix is proposed to translate the policy. The
Generalized Aryabhata Reminder Theorem (GART) is used for to construct the access control matrix.
In this access control matrix rows represent users and columns represent files. In which each user is
associated with key and each digital file is associated with lock.
ANALYSIS OF NETWORK PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT DASHBOARDIAEME Publication
Analysis of performance availability is very important to help improve network
performance. This is due to developing services to be used by customers. In performance
availability it is known that there are many problems that occur in each event in the
field. In achieving the optimal level in carrying out the implementation and support
processes of the performance management dashboard, an analysis is needed to develop
management and control in the networking division with the aim of generating
utilization in the implementation and support processes to align with the business needs
of PT ABC. The existing reference model is a reference model that refers to the
functional area of FCAPS. The FCAPS model consists of five functional areas,
including fault management, configuration management, accounting management,
performance management, and security management. In general, companies have
implemented FCAPS on failure issues and configurations (fault and configuration).
Security / security has relied on other tools that are not integrated in the FCAPS model
as a whole. The basic principle is, even though there are five elements from FCAPS,
one element can influence the success of other elements.
This document provides an overview of network management requirements and systems. It discusses the key areas of network management including fault management, accounting management, configuration and name management, performance management, and security management. It then describes the general architecture of a network management system, including network management entities, agents, and the network control host. Finally, it introduces the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and describes versions 1, 2, and 3.
This document discusses sociotechnical systems and systems engineering. It defines sociotechnical systems as systems that include both technical systems (e.g. hardware and software) as well as operational processes and people. Sociotechnical systems have emergent properties that depend on the interactions between system components. They are also non-deterministic since human behavior introduces unpredictability. Developing sociotechnical systems requires an interdisciplinary approach involving areas like software engineering, organizational design, and human factors.
This document discusses several ethical, legal, and policy issues related to system and network administration. It addresses the potential invasion of user privacy when reviewing browser or email activity. It also discusses ensuring equal reporting of any infractions and protecting sensitive company information. The document also provides guidance on configuring security settings like local users and groups, antivirus software, Windows firewall rules, and proxy server settings.
This document discusses how organizations can improve their return on investment (ROI) in security and compliance management through IT process automation. It argues that automating routine security tasks can free up resources to focus on more strategic work, while also integrating tools and data to streamline processes. This approach aims to simultaneously improve operational efficiency and business enablement. The document provides examples of how NetIQ solutions can help achieve these goals across key areas like configuration management, user activity monitoring, and change control.
It includes provisioning of network, network operations, their installation and management. It also contains various groupings which help to manage a network.
Guide for Applying The Risk Management Framework to Federal Information SystemsGuillermo Remache
This document provides guidelines for applying the Risk Management Framework (RMF) to federal information systems. The RMF is a six-step process for integrating security and risk management activities into the system development life cycle. The six steps are: (1) categorize the system, (2) select security controls, (3) implement controls, (4) assess controls, (5) authorize the system, and (6) monitor controls. Applying the RMF helps ensure security controls are built into systems and risks are managed on an ongoing basis through activities such as continuous monitoring. The document is intended for individuals involved in system development, security, and risk management.
Visit www.lifein01.com for presentations of all chapters.
Auditing is the process of assessment of financial, operational, strategic goals and processes in organizations to determine whether they are in compliance with the stated principles, regulatory norms, rules, and regulations.
This document proposes a multi-agent architecture for incident reaction in information system security. The architecture has three layers - low level interacts directly with the infrastructure, intermediate level correlates alerts and deploys reaction actions using multi-agent systems, and high level provides supervision and manages business policies. The architecture was tested for data access control and aims to quickly and efficiently react to attacks while ensuring policy compliance. The document discusses requirements like scalability, autonomy, and global supervision. It also describes the key components of alert management, reaction decision making, and policy definition/deployment to implement the architecture using a multi-agent approach.
This document discusses the basics of network management. It covers the key components of network management including network devices, management agents, the management information base (MIB), and managed objects. It also discusses the roles of network managers and agents in communicating via management protocols. Finally, it outlines the layers of network management from network elements to business management based on the TMN model.
The document discusses various topics related to security management practices including change control, data classification, employment policies, information security policies, risk management, roles and responsibilities, security awareness training, and security management planning. It provides details on each topic, such as the importance of change control and different tools that can be used. It also discusses how to classify data, conduct background checks, develop effective information security policies, and assess risks both qualitatively and quantitatively. The document emphasizes the importance of security management planning and identifying potential losses, costs, and benefits of implementing proper security.
Configuration Management: a Critical Component to Vulnerability ManagementChris Furton
Managing software vulnerabilities is increasingly important for operating an information technology environment with an acceptable level of security. Configuration Management, an often overlooked Information Technology process, directly impacts an organization’s ability to manage vulnerabilities. This paper explores a Department of Defense organization that currently struggles with vulnerability management. An analysis of current vulnerability and configuration management programs reveals a gap between two. Further examination of the assets, vulnerabilities, and threats as well as a risk assessment results in recommendation of a new configuration management program. This new program leverages configuration management databases to track the assets of the organization ultimately increasing the effectiveness of the vulnerability management program.
This document provides an overview of chapter 5 from the CISA review course, which focuses on protecting information assets. It discusses the importance of information security management and outlines key elements like policies, procedures, monitoring and compliance. It also covers logical access exposures and controls, including identification and authentication, authorization issues, and audit logging. The chapter examines network infrastructure security risks for LANs, client-server environments, wireless networks and the internet.
Sample IT Best Practices Audit report.
An objective, self service tool for CIO’s by CIOs.
Identify and prioritize issues.
Solve the root causes.
Justify Investments.
Improve user productivity.
Maximize existing assets.
Reduce IT costs.
Improve IT service.
Reallocate IT resources to drive the business.
The document discusses several IT audit methodologies: CobiT, BS 7799, BSI, ITSEC, and Common Criteria. It provides an overview of each methodology, including their main uses, structures, and summaries. CobiT is used for IT audits and governance and has 4 domains and 34 processes. BS 7799 focuses on information security management and lists 109 security controls. BSI is the German IT baseline protection manual with 34 security modules. ITSEC and Common Criteria are evaluation criteria used for security certification.
This document discusses information security policies and their components. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to understand management's role in developing security policies and the differences between general, issue-specific, and system-specific policies. It then defines what policies, standards, and practices are and how they relate to each other. The document outlines the three types of security policies and provides examples of issue-specific and system-specific policies. It emphasizes that policies must be managed and reviewed on a regular basis to remain effective.
Six Keys to Securing Critical Infrastructure and NERC ComplianceLumension
With the computer systems and networks of electric, natural gas, and water distribution systems now connected to the Internet, the nation’s critical infrastructure is more vulnerable to attack. A recent Wall Street Journal article stated that many utility IT environments have already been breached by spies, terrorists, and hostile countries, often leaving bits of code behind that could be used against critical infrastructure during times of hostility. The U.S. Cyber Consequence Unit declared that the cost of such an attack could be substantial: “It is estimated that the destruction from a single wave of cyber attacks on U.S. critical infrastructures could exceed $700 billion USD - the equivalent of 50 major hurricanes hitting U.S. soil at once.”
Vulnerability and exposure of utilities’ critical infrastructures originate from the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Distribution Automation (DA) systems that communicate and control devices on utility grids and distribution systems. Many of these systems have been in operation for years (sometimes for decades), and are not designed with security in mind. Regulatory bodies have recognized the many security issues to critical infrastructure and have begun to establish and enforce requirements in an attempt to shore up potential exposures. One such regulation is NERC CIP, which includes eight reliability standards consisting of 160 requirements for electric and power companies to address. And as of July 1, 2010, these companies must be “auditably compliant” or else they risk getting slapped with a $1 million per day, per CIP violation.
In this roundtable discussion, we will highlight:
• The security challenges facing utilities today
• The six critical elements to achieving economical NERC CIP compliance
• How utilities can secure critical infrastructure in today’s networked environment
The document summarizes two recent studies on access control. It discusses the authors' contributions in each study, their motivations, and potential additional areas of study. The first study introduced metrics to evaluate access control rule sets and provide a scientific method for comparing rule sets. The second study surveyed access control in fog computing, highlighting security challenges and providing requirements and taxonomies for access control models. It suggests attribute-based encryption as an area for further fog computing access control research.
If an encryption key is lost, then the encrypted data cannot be decrypted and accessed. Without the key, the encrypted data will appear as random characters and be unusable. Proper key management and backup of keys is important to prevent loss of access to encrypted information. Some key management best practices include storing keys in secure locations, limiting access to keys, and having backup or escrow copies of keys in case the primary key is lost.
The document provides an overview of the topics covered in Chapter 4 of the 2007 CISA review course, including information systems operations, hardware, architecture and software, network infrastructure, and auditing. It lists subsections within each of these areas that describe important concepts, components, processes, and issues relevant to managing and auditing IT systems and services.
The document proposes an agent-based architecture for multi-level security incident reaction in distributed telecommunication networks. The architecture has three levels: a low level interface with the infrastructure, an intermediate level using multi-agent systems to correlate alerts and deploy reactions across domains, and a high level for global supervision and policy management. The architecture was designed based on requirements like scalability, availability, autonomy, and robust reaction and alert management across distributed systems. It was successfully tested for implementing data access control policies.
Security management involves tools like encryption, firewalls, email monitoring and biometric systems to protect information assets from unauthorized access and ensure the accuracy, integrity and safety of information systems. Some key goals of security management are to minimize errors, fraud and destruction while ensuring quality assurance. Common tools include encryption to make information unreadable, firewalls as devices to protect networks based on rules, and email monitoring for privacy, authentication, integrity and audit capabilities. Disaster recovery plans are also important to address threats from events like fires, floods and human errors.
The document summarizes key points from a critical infrastructure security workshop presented by Drew Williams. It discusses defining critical infrastructure and the scope of governance, risk management, and compliance (GRC) in the Asia-Pacific region. It also profiles different critical infrastructure sectors in Malaysia and identifies common fail points that can undermine GRC strategies. The workshop provided an overview of trends, best practices, and a maturity model to help organizations develop effective long-term GRC roadmaps.
The document appears to be a record from an employee file updating their primary studies on job lessons. It was signed and dated by the employee, and notes that the assessment may be attached. The record was updated to reflect completion of lessons 1 through 4 in a primary studies course.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare. In just one sentence, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily create engaging slideshows.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare. In just one sentence, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily create engaging slideshows.
Guide for Applying The Risk Management Framework to Federal Information SystemsGuillermo Remache
This document provides guidelines for applying the Risk Management Framework (RMF) to federal information systems. The RMF is a six-step process for integrating security and risk management activities into the system development life cycle. The six steps are: (1) categorize the system, (2) select security controls, (3) implement controls, (4) assess controls, (5) authorize the system, and (6) monitor controls. Applying the RMF helps ensure security controls are built into systems and risks are managed on an ongoing basis through activities such as continuous monitoring. The document is intended for individuals involved in system development, security, and risk management.
Visit www.lifein01.com for presentations of all chapters.
Auditing is the process of assessment of financial, operational, strategic goals and processes in organizations to determine whether they are in compliance with the stated principles, regulatory norms, rules, and regulations.
This document proposes a multi-agent architecture for incident reaction in information system security. The architecture has three layers - low level interacts directly with the infrastructure, intermediate level correlates alerts and deploys reaction actions using multi-agent systems, and high level provides supervision and manages business policies. The architecture was tested for data access control and aims to quickly and efficiently react to attacks while ensuring policy compliance. The document discusses requirements like scalability, autonomy, and global supervision. It also describes the key components of alert management, reaction decision making, and policy definition/deployment to implement the architecture using a multi-agent approach.
This document discusses the basics of network management. It covers the key components of network management including network devices, management agents, the management information base (MIB), and managed objects. It also discusses the roles of network managers and agents in communicating via management protocols. Finally, it outlines the layers of network management from network elements to business management based on the TMN model.
The document discusses various topics related to security management practices including change control, data classification, employment policies, information security policies, risk management, roles and responsibilities, security awareness training, and security management planning. It provides details on each topic, such as the importance of change control and different tools that can be used. It also discusses how to classify data, conduct background checks, develop effective information security policies, and assess risks both qualitatively and quantitatively. The document emphasizes the importance of security management planning and identifying potential losses, costs, and benefits of implementing proper security.
Configuration Management: a Critical Component to Vulnerability ManagementChris Furton
Managing software vulnerabilities is increasingly important for operating an information technology environment with an acceptable level of security. Configuration Management, an often overlooked Information Technology process, directly impacts an organization’s ability to manage vulnerabilities. This paper explores a Department of Defense organization that currently struggles with vulnerability management. An analysis of current vulnerability and configuration management programs reveals a gap between two. Further examination of the assets, vulnerabilities, and threats as well as a risk assessment results in recommendation of a new configuration management program. This new program leverages configuration management databases to track the assets of the organization ultimately increasing the effectiveness of the vulnerability management program.
This document provides an overview of chapter 5 from the CISA review course, which focuses on protecting information assets. It discusses the importance of information security management and outlines key elements like policies, procedures, monitoring and compliance. It also covers logical access exposures and controls, including identification and authentication, authorization issues, and audit logging. The chapter examines network infrastructure security risks for LANs, client-server environments, wireless networks and the internet.
Sample IT Best Practices Audit report.
An objective, self service tool for CIO’s by CIOs.
Identify and prioritize issues.
Solve the root causes.
Justify Investments.
Improve user productivity.
Maximize existing assets.
Reduce IT costs.
Improve IT service.
Reallocate IT resources to drive the business.
The document discusses several IT audit methodologies: CobiT, BS 7799, BSI, ITSEC, and Common Criteria. It provides an overview of each methodology, including their main uses, structures, and summaries. CobiT is used for IT audits and governance and has 4 domains and 34 processes. BS 7799 focuses on information security management and lists 109 security controls. BSI is the German IT baseline protection manual with 34 security modules. ITSEC and Common Criteria are evaluation criteria used for security certification.
This document discusses information security policies and their components. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which are to understand management's role in developing security policies and the differences between general, issue-specific, and system-specific policies. It then defines what policies, standards, and practices are and how they relate to each other. The document outlines the three types of security policies and provides examples of issue-specific and system-specific policies. It emphasizes that policies must be managed and reviewed on a regular basis to remain effective.
Six Keys to Securing Critical Infrastructure and NERC ComplianceLumension
With the computer systems and networks of electric, natural gas, and water distribution systems now connected to the Internet, the nation’s critical infrastructure is more vulnerable to attack. A recent Wall Street Journal article stated that many utility IT environments have already been breached by spies, terrorists, and hostile countries, often leaving bits of code behind that could be used against critical infrastructure during times of hostility. The U.S. Cyber Consequence Unit declared that the cost of such an attack could be substantial: “It is estimated that the destruction from a single wave of cyber attacks on U.S. critical infrastructures could exceed $700 billion USD - the equivalent of 50 major hurricanes hitting U.S. soil at once.”
Vulnerability and exposure of utilities’ critical infrastructures originate from the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Distribution Automation (DA) systems that communicate and control devices on utility grids and distribution systems. Many of these systems have been in operation for years (sometimes for decades), and are not designed with security in mind. Regulatory bodies have recognized the many security issues to critical infrastructure and have begun to establish and enforce requirements in an attempt to shore up potential exposures. One such regulation is NERC CIP, which includes eight reliability standards consisting of 160 requirements for electric and power companies to address. And as of July 1, 2010, these companies must be “auditably compliant” or else they risk getting slapped with a $1 million per day, per CIP violation.
In this roundtable discussion, we will highlight:
• The security challenges facing utilities today
• The six critical elements to achieving economical NERC CIP compliance
• How utilities can secure critical infrastructure in today’s networked environment
The document summarizes two recent studies on access control. It discusses the authors' contributions in each study, their motivations, and potential additional areas of study. The first study introduced metrics to evaluate access control rule sets and provide a scientific method for comparing rule sets. The second study surveyed access control in fog computing, highlighting security challenges and providing requirements and taxonomies for access control models. It suggests attribute-based encryption as an area for further fog computing access control research.
If an encryption key is lost, then the encrypted data cannot be decrypted and accessed. Without the key, the encrypted data will appear as random characters and be unusable. Proper key management and backup of keys is important to prevent loss of access to encrypted information. Some key management best practices include storing keys in secure locations, limiting access to keys, and having backup or escrow copies of keys in case the primary key is lost.
The document provides an overview of the topics covered in Chapter 4 of the 2007 CISA review course, including information systems operations, hardware, architecture and software, network infrastructure, and auditing. It lists subsections within each of these areas that describe important concepts, components, processes, and issues relevant to managing and auditing IT systems and services.
The document proposes an agent-based architecture for multi-level security incident reaction in distributed telecommunication networks. The architecture has three levels: a low level interface with the infrastructure, an intermediate level using multi-agent systems to correlate alerts and deploy reactions across domains, and a high level for global supervision and policy management. The architecture was designed based on requirements like scalability, availability, autonomy, and robust reaction and alert management across distributed systems. It was successfully tested for implementing data access control policies.
Security management involves tools like encryption, firewalls, email monitoring and biometric systems to protect information assets from unauthorized access and ensure the accuracy, integrity and safety of information systems. Some key goals of security management are to minimize errors, fraud and destruction while ensuring quality assurance. Common tools include encryption to make information unreadable, firewalls as devices to protect networks based on rules, and email monitoring for privacy, authentication, integrity and audit capabilities. Disaster recovery plans are also important to address threats from events like fires, floods and human errors.
The document summarizes key points from a critical infrastructure security workshop presented by Drew Williams. It discusses defining critical infrastructure and the scope of governance, risk management, and compliance (GRC) in the Asia-Pacific region. It also profiles different critical infrastructure sectors in Malaysia and identifies common fail points that can undermine GRC strategies. The workshop provided an overview of trends, best practices, and a maturity model to help organizations develop effective long-term GRC roadmaps.
The document appears to be a record from an employee file updating their primary studies on job lessons. It was signed and dated by the employee, and notes that the assessment may be attached. The record was updated to reflect completion of lessons 1 through 4 in a primary studies course.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare. In just one sentence, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily create engaging slideshows.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare. In just one sentence, it pitches the idea of using Haiku Deck to easily create engaging slideshows.
Strangles is an infectious disease of horses caused by the bacterium Streptococcus equi. It is characterized by abscesses forming in the lymph nodes of the upper respiratory tract. The disease spreads through direct contact with infected secretions. Clinical signs include fever and swelling of lymph nodes under the jaw and in the throat. Without treatment, abscesses may form in the throat area and spread infection to other organs in severe cases. Antibiotics like penicillin are usually prescribed to treat the disease.
Edmodo es una aplicación educativa basada en microblogging que permite a profesores y estudiantes comunicarse y compartir recursos de forma privada y segura. Ofrece funciones como la creación de grupos privados, mensajería, calificaciones, compartir archivos y enlaces, e incorporar contenidos desde otros sitios. Es gratuita, está disponible en múltiples idiomas, no requiere correo electrónico de los estudiantes menores de 13 años, y brinda un entorno intuitivo para apoyar el aprendizaje.
1. The document provides a grammar exercise for students to practice subject pronouns, possessive adjectives, and the present simple tense in English.
2. The exercise includes filling in blanks with subject pronouns, filling in blanks with possessive adjectives, using the present simple affirmative, and using the present simple negative.
3. Students are asked to describe a daily routine in the present simple tense.
This short document promotes creating Haiku Deck presentations on SlideShare and getting started making one. It encourages the reader to be inspired to make their own presentation using Haiku Deck on the SlideShare platform. A call to action is given to get started creating a Haiku Deck presentation.
Web 3.0 es una web accesible desde cualquier dispositivo que facilita la interacción de las personas para obtener información relevante a sus necesidades de manera eficiente y optimizada, sin importar dónde se encuentren. Las herramientas de Web 3.0 incluyen computadoras, notebooks, bases de datos y dispositivos móviles que pueden funcionar de manera simultánea desde cualquier lugar. Se caracterizan por ser pequeñas, rápidas, personalizables y capaces de distribuirse fácilmente a través de redes y servicios de mensajería.
Distance language education offers diverse opportunities through various media combinations, interactions, and support. Examples include satellite-delivered classes supplemented by print, computer conferences, and print-based courses with CD-ROMs, chat systems, or broadcast TV plus print and audio. One taxonomy distinguishes online correspondence courses using print, audio, video, email and software, CMC courses adding discussion packages and listservs, and World Wide Web courses including synchronous communication and graphics.
A Espiral Dourada -Naiara Nascimento 2ViniciusSoco
O documento discute como Vênus pode desenhar uma estrela de cinco pontas no céu e explica que a cada ano e oito meses uma das pontas da estrela é tocada novamente, formando o pentagrama ao longo de nove anos. Também explica que Vênus é conhecido como a "estrela da manhã" ou "estrela da tarde" dependendo de quando é visível e fornece detalhes sobre as órbitas e movimentos de Vênus.
This document summarizes a team's proposal for a breakfast kit product called Quaker Essentials. The target market is younger consumers ages 18-25. The team brainstormed over 500 product ideas and narrowed it down to three final designs. The current design prototype is a collapsible container that holds one breakfast item and one drink choice. It is designed to emphasize the ability to choose combinations with under 600 calories. The team's strengths in packaging, graphics, and structure allow for an innovative design process.
Este documento presenta los pasos para configurar e imprimir una impresora por medio de una red. Explica cómo asignar una dirección IP a una impresora, instalarla en una PC, y luego elegirla al agregar una impresora a la PC. También detalla los pasos para compartir una impresora entre varias PCs en una red, incluyendo dar acceso, buscar el nombre de la impresora compartida, e ingresar credenciales de usuario. El objetivo es proporcionar instrucciones sobre cómo establecer e implementar el uso compartido de una imp
AUTOMATED POLICY COMPLIANCE AND CHANGE DETECTION MANAGED SERVICE IN DATA NETW...cscpconf
As networks continue to grow in size, speed and complexity, as well as in the diversification of their services, they require many ad-hoc configuration changes. Such changes may lead to
potential configuration errors, policy violations, inefficiencies, and vulnerable states. The current Network Management landscape is in a dire need for an automated process to prioritize and manage risk, audit configurations against internal policies or external best practices, and provide centralize reporting for monitoring and regulatory purposes in real time. This paper defines a framework for automated configuration process with a policy compliance and change detection system, which performs automatic and intelligent network configuration audits by using pre-defined configuration templates and library of rules that encompass industry standards for various routing and security related guidelines.System administrators and change initiators will have a real time feedback if any of their configuration changes violate any of the policies set for any given device.
This document outlines a performance management strategy for monitoring a network. It discusses establishing network management groups to monitor faults, performance, devices, security, changes, configurations, and implementations. It also describes monitoring devices and circuits, using SNMP applications to set thresholds and polling intervals for events. Fault management, performance management, and other elements are covered to provide a well-defined management strategy.
This document discusses the challenges of traditional network configuration management approaches and proposes software-defined networking (SDN) as a solution. Specifically, it notes that traditional approaches are time-consuming, error-prone, lack centralized control, and make ensuring compliance and strategic management difficult. SDN is presented as simplifying network management by using a centralized controller to abstractly manage the entire network, allowing for automation, programmability, flexibility, and easier management of changes, security, and compliance. The controller gives administrators a holistic view and control over network traffic routing and configuration.
Effective NOC Solutions for Efficient Network Management with Hex64.docxHEX64
Proactive Monitoring: A key aspect of effective NOC solutions is proactive monitoring. This involves constant monitoring of network infrastructure, devices, and applications to identify and resolve potential issues before they impact the network performance or user experience. Proactive monitoring helps in minimizing downtime and ensuring smooth network operations.
Incident Management: NOC solutions provide robust incident management capabilities, allowing for quick detection, analysis, and resolution of network incidents. This includes automated incident ticketing, escalation protocols, and real-time collaboration among team members to ensure swift resolution of network issues.
Network Performance Optimization: NOC solutions focus on optimizing network performance by monitoring key performance indicators (KPIs) such as bandwidth utilization, latency, packet loss, and throughput. By analyzing these metrics, NOC teams can identify bottlenecks, optimize network configurations, and ensure optimal performance across the network infrastructure.
Fault Diagnosis and Troubleshooting: Effective NOC solutions incorporate advanced fault diagnosis and troubleshooting tools. These tools enable NOC engineers to quickly identify the root cause of network issues, perform detailed analysis, and implement corrective measures promptly. This minimizes the mean time to repair (MTTR) and enhances network availability.
Change Management: NOC solutions facilitate efficient change management processes by providing a centralized platform for planning, tracking, and implementing network changes. This ensures that network modifications, upgrades, or deployments are executed smoothly, minimizing the risk of disruptions or misconfigurations.
Reporting and Analytics: NOC solutions offer comprehensive reporting and analytics capabilities. This includes generating performance reports, incident trends, SLA compliance reports, and capacity planning insights. These reports help in evaluating network health, identifying patterns, and making informed decisions for network optimization and resource allocation.
Automation and Integration: Effective NOC solutions leverage automation and integration capabilities to streamline network management tasks. This includes automating routine tasks, integrating with other IT systems and tools, and utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms for intelligent network analysis and prediction.
24/7 Monitoring and Support: NOC solutions provide round-the-clock monitoring and support, ensuring continuous network availability and timely response to incidents. This includes proactive monitoring during off-peak hours, on-call support, and a dedicated team of skilled engineers to handle network emergencies.
Current issues - International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications...IJNSA Journal
nternational Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA) is a bi monthly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer Network Security & its applications. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding Modern security threats and countermeasures, and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Automatic Management of Wireless Sensor Networks through Cloud Computingyousef emami
This document presents a framework for integrating wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with cloud computing. The framework uses policy-based network management to automate WSN management tasks. It proposes adding a policy analyzer to a publish/subscribe broker to match sensor data with stored policies and mandate appropriate actions. The framework includes software as a service, virtualization management, a publish/subscribe broker, management services like SLA and change management, fault tolerance, and security measures. The goal is to facilitate and automate WSN management through the use of cloud computing and policy-based network rules.
Satellite service providers are looking to adopt Service Quality Management (SQM) techniques to better manage the growth in demand for satellite services. SQM applications provide an end-to-end view of the network to monitor service performance and ensure delivery of services according to Service Level Agreements (SLAs). By tracking key performance indicators and service metrics across network components, SQM solutions help operators minimize SLA violations, prioritize high-value services, and improve the customer experience as demand for satellite services intensifies.
Best practices for building network operations centerSatish Chavan
The document discusses best practices for building a network operations center (NOC). Some key points:
- A NOC monitors and controls network activity from one or more locations. Early versions date back to the 1960s when AT&T opened centers to monitor switches and routes.
- Modern NOCs use network monitoring software and sophisticated systems to detect issues across multiple layers of the network before they impact the business.
- Maintaining skilled staff, efficient processes, integrated tools, automation, and a focus on performance, security and being proactive are characteristics of an effective NOC.
Taking the fire drill out of making firewall changesAlgoSec
Renowned security expert Bruce Schneier said “Complexity is the enemy of security.” But, complexity is common in today’s network security environment with thousands of security access rules, highly connected business critical applications, and lots of firewall changes that must be processed. This presentation examines:
- Why making security changes is so tough
- Critical steps for the an ideal security change workflow
- How to automate the entire firewall change management process
This document proposes an architectural framework for software defined networking federation and orchestration. It describes a layered model with an application layer, control layer, and infrastructure layer. The control layer includes orchestrators and controllers that provision services across the infrastructure layer. Five use cases are identified that involve orchestrating applications across data centers and WANs, failover of applications, provisioning of application upgrades, distributing applications across data centers, and migrating application dependency maps. Requirements for the framework are also outlined. Finally, more detailed views of the control and infrastructure layers are presented, including the interfaces between orchestrators, controllers, and physical/virtual resources.
A REVIEW ON QUALITY OF MONITORING FOR CELLULAR NETWORKSIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of quality monitoring for cellular networks such as 4G and 5G. It discusses the importance of effective monitoring to ensure reliable network performance as these technologies provide advanced features. The paper explores different approaches for monitoring quality, including real-time monitoring, network traffic analysis, and fault detection. It also examines the impact of 4G and 5G on monitoring quality and the future outlook for improving monitoring in cellular networks.
Implementing IT changes is imperative to the infrastructure of a business, but it can also open the door to breaches, viruses and malware, such as ransomware. So, how can organizations manage change effectively, maintain compliance and still reduce security risk? One answer lies in change management across your IT systems.
Jeff Lawson, Sr. Director, Product Management at Tripwire, and Geoff Hancock, Principal at Advanced Cybersecurity Group, cover:
-How IT operations and security teams can cooperate to improve IT stability and reduce security risk.
-How to reduce risks associated with poor configuration management.
-How leveraging Tripwire Enterprise for change detection enhances your change control process and keeps your systems, and organization, operating effectively and securely.
Network management involves administering and monitoring computer networks through various services like fault analysis and performance management. It includes functions like address management, security management, traffic management, and load balancing. Network management tools help IT professionals monitor and optimize complex networks spanning large areas by automating tasks and providing real-time visibility, compliance reporting, performance monitoring, and troubleshooting assistance. Benefits of network management include access to experts, routine monitoring, optimized operations, increased security, and improved efficiency.
Functions and features network managementFlightcase1
Network management is the process of administering and managing computer networks. Various services provided by this discipline include fault analysis, performance management, provisioning of networks, maintaining the quality of service.
IRJET- Analysis of Micro Inversion to Improve Fault Tolerance in High Spe...IRJET Journal
This document discusses techniques for improving fault tolerance in VLSI circuits through micro inversion. It begins with an introduction to increasing reliability concerns with technology scaling. It then discusses micro inversion, where operations on erroneous data are "undone" through hardware rollback of a few cycles. It describes implementing micro inversion in a register file and handling the potential domino effect in multi-module systems through common bus transactions acting as a clock. The document concludes that micro inversion combined with parallel error checking can help achieve fault tolerance in complex multi-module VLSI systems.
Multi agents based architecture for is security incident reactionchristophefeltus
This document proposes a multi-agent architecture for responding to security incidents in information systems. The architecture has three layers: a low level that interfaces with the targeted infrastructure, an intermediate level that correlates alerts and deploys response actions using multi-agent systems, and a high level that provides supervision and manages business policies. The architecture was designed based on requirements like scalability, availability, autonomy, and global supervision. It aims to quickly and efficiently respond to attacks while ensuring responses do not violate business policies. The document then discusses using a multi-agent system with JADE to represent nodes in the architecture and facilitate communication and coordination between components for selecting and deploying response policies.
Network management involves monitoring, maintaining, and securing a business's network infrastructure to ensure smooth operations. It encompasses tasks like performance monitoring, detecting devices, analyzing usage, enabling notifications, provisioning resources, and automating processes. Konverge Technologies offers a comprehensive network management software solution to help large enterprises, MSPs, and government agencies efficiently and securely manage complex networks. Choosing Konverge allows businesses to focus on core operations while benefiting from Konverge's expertise in network management.
Benefits of network monitoring for BusinessesGrace Stone
In today’s digital age, understanding the Benefits of Network Monitoring is crucial for businesses striving to maintain optimal performance and security. Coupled with cutting-edge employee monitoring software like SentryPC, organizations can unlock a powerful combination of tools to enhance productivity, safeguard data, and ensure operational efficiency. In this blog post, we will explore the realm of network monitoring and delve into the top solutions shaping the digital landscape, focusing specifically on the synergistic relationship between network monitoring and SentryPC. Join us as we discover the advantages of network monitoring and learn about the best employee monitoring software for 2024.
A Novel Management Framework for Policy Anomaly in Firewallijsrd.com
The advent of emerging technologies such as Web services, service-oriented architecture, and cloud computing has enabled us to perform business services more efficiently and effectively. However, we still suffer from unintended security leakages by unauthorized actions in business services. Firewalls are the most widely deployed security mechanism to ensure the security of private networks in most businesses and institutions. The effectiveness of security protection provided by a firewall mainly depends on the quality of policy configured in the firewall. Unfortunately, designing and managing firewall policies are often error-prone due to the complex nature of firewall configurations as well as the lack of systematic analysis mechanisms and tools. In this paper, we represent an innovative policy anomaly management framework for firewalls, adopting a rule-based segmentation technique to identify policy anomalies and derive effective anomaly resolutions. We also discuss a proof-of-concept implementation of a visualization-based firewall policy analysis tool called Firewall Anomaly Management Environment (FAME). In addition, we demonstrate how efficiently our approach can discover and resolve anomalies in firewall policies through rigorous experiments using Automatic rule generation technique.
InfTo improve the quality of network performance through advanced communication
services and authorized users in equal access to state-of-the-art technology.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
2. Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
2
Current networks require ad-hoc changes by network administrators to continuously conduct
provisioning or performance tuning. These configuration changes are costly, error prone, can
result in unpredictable failures and inefficiencies, or may lead to inefficient allocation of
underlying resources, turning the active device into a traffic bottleneck, or an inconsistent
configuration may cause not only traffic loss, but also intermittent crashes of the network devices
[1]. The study in [2] has found that 50 percent of network errors are configuration errors and 75
percent of all Time to Repair hours are due to administrator errors. Another study has revealed
that 80 percent of IT budget in enterprise networks are dedicated just to maintain the current
operating environments [3].
1.1 Framework for Automate Template Compliance and Change Detection System
The proposed framework for automated template compliance and change detection system,
performs automatic and intelligent network configuration audits by using pre-defined
configuration templates and a library of rules that encompass industry standards for various
routing and security related guidelines, a system that will provide a real time alerts for any
configuration changes that violates any of the policies set for any given device. The suggested
architecture achieves a high level of security, compliance, and reduces complexity in network
configuration without adding any functions on the managed entity.
The central idea for the proposed framework seeks to replace labor-intensive configuration
management that is error prone, and often result in unpredictable failures and inefficiencies, with
one that is automated, reduces errors, and inefficiencies. The framework seeks to define the
following areas:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
A common policy language to use to represent device, organizational, industry best practices
and any other regulatory policies or guidelines, needed for any of our network elements; in a
structured document format that can be retrieved and manipulated with ease.
A centralized repository where policies could be stored, allow policy changes to propagate to
the subjects, and allow subjects to detect policy changes in an automated way.
Secure policy exchange procedure.
A proposed framework that permits any given device to be configured, in its current native
state, without any further burdens to the network administrator , or system owner, and be
able to detect whether the proposed configuration violate any of the policies set in 1.
A protocol to provide mechanisms for an immediate feedback to the change initiator, and to
a centralized alarm system, alerting them of the conflict.
In summary the change initiator will access his device, type his/her changes and
immediately know whether the changes he/she committed violated and policy set for the
device. The aim is to prevent inconsistent configuration states resulting in operational
failures and inefficiencies.
2. THE EVOLUTION OF NETWORK MANAGEMENT
The variety of challenges in networks meant the need to create a network management model,
that could enable network administrators, designers, planners, and operators to perform strategic
and tactical planning of engineering, operation, and maintenance of the network service for
current and further needs at minimum cost [4], functions such as initial network planning,
resource allocation, predetermined traffic routing to support load balancing, access control,
authorization, and a verity of other activities.
3. 3
Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
There are few reference models that have been widely established for network management, one
of them is the Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, and Security model, commonly
referred to as FCAPS. The FCAPS model was originally designed by International
Telecommunication Union (ITU-T), and as its name indicates, it divides management functions
into five categories: fault management, configuration management, accounting management,
performance management, and security management. The ITU-T organization dates back to 1865
with original responsibilities of ensuring efficient and on-time production of high-quality
recommendations covering all fields of telecommunications [5]. In 1996, the ITU-T created the
concept of the Telecommunications Management Framework (TMN), which was an architecture
intended to describe service delivery models for telecommunication service providers based on
four layers: business management, service management, fault and performance management, and
element and configuration management [6]. Because TMN standards are mainly business focused
not managing IP networks focused, the ITU-T refined the model in 1997 to include the concept of
FCAPS [7]. FCAPS, as shown in Figure 1, expanded the TMN model to focus on the five
functionally different types of tasks handled by network management systems: fault management,
configuration management, accounting management, performance management, and security
management. Table 1 describes the main objectives of each functional area in the FCAPS model.
Figure 1 TMN Reference Model Refined with FCAPS8
Table 1 describes the main objectives of each functional area in the FCAPS model
Table 1. FCAPS Objectives
Management Functional Management Function Set Groups
Area (MFA)
Fault
Alarm surveillance, fault localization and correlation, testing, trouble
administration, network recovery
Configuration
Network planning, engineering, and installation; service planning and
negotiation; discovery; provisioning; status and control
Accounting
Usage measurement, collection, aggregation, and mediation; tariffing
and pricing
Performance
Performance monitoring and control, performance analysis and
trending, quality assurance
Security
Access control and policy; customer profiling; attack detection,
prevention, containment, and recovery; security administration
4. Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
4
2.1 Change Management
The FCAPS model is useful for understanding the goals and requirements of Network
Management, and also helps to build a foundation for understanding the significance of Network
Management to compliance efforts [8], but it does not address change, or how to handle change in
an active network. Change in today’s network has become inevitable, it also has become one of
the most prominent sources of risk in the network, and it has a direct impact on the time, cost and
quality of the services provided, to cope with change and their impact, Change Management has
become an IT Service Management discipline, it is one of the most critical processes in IT
management. Some of the reasons are the sheer number of changes and the difficulty of
evaluating the impact of changes on the network or the services it provides in real-time [9]. The
main goal of change management is to ensure that the network and/or its services risk and
business impact of each change is communicated to all impacted and implicated parties, and to
coordinate the implementation of approved changes in accordance with current organizational
best practices [10].
Changes in the networks may arise reactively in response to problem resolving errors and
adapting to changing circumstances, change can also arise due to externally imposed
requirements, e.g., a new policy, or proactively from seeking imposed efficiency and
effectiveness or , seeking business benefits such as reducing costs, improving services, or from
new projects. However it may be, Change Management in the context of this paper is to ensure
that standardized methods and procedures are used for efficient and prompt handling of all
changes, in order to minimize the number and impact of any related incidents upon service.
Change Management seeks to ensure standardized methods, processes, and procedures are used
for all changes, facilitate efficient and prompt handling of all changes, and maintain the proper
balance between the need for change and the potential detrimental impact of change [11].
For the most part, changes are evaluated by stake holders. In most organizations a team is
designated to evaluate the proposed change by trying to understand its impact on the network or
the service it offers. This requires the change management team to have a good understanding of
the change and its impact on the network, and to keeping track of the details of the system’s past
and future goals. There are four major roles involved with the change management process, each
with separate and distinct responsibilities. Change initiator, the person who initially perceives the
need for the change. Change Manager, leading a team to review and accept completed change
request. Change Advisory Board that exists to support the authorization of changes and to assist
change management in the assessment and prioritization of changes. Change implementation
team (operations), responsible for carrying out the actual change and reporting results.
Many organizations use a simple matrix like the one shown in Figure 2 to categorize risk [10].
The "Probability axis" denotes the probability of each identified risk. For this, each risk is listed
to the smallest detail possible and the probability of its occurrence is predicted. The “Impact
Axis", assigns a percentage of impact, in the event that the risk does occur [11]. As results the
category of changes that has low impact in the event of failure and low probability of failure
becomes a candidate for a streamlined approval path [10].
5. 5
Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
Figure 2 Risk Matrix26
In a recent survey conducted by Author and Information Technology Service Management expert,
Harris Kern, he reports that of 40 corporate IT infrastructure managers a surprising 60% admitted
infrastructure
that their processes to handle change are not effective in communicating and coordinating
changes occurring within their production environment. Table 2 lists the key findings of the study
[12]
:
Table 2. Change Management Study Surprising Results
Not all changes are logged 95%
Changes not thoroughly tested 90%
Lack of process enforcement 85%
Poor change communication and dissemination 65%
Lack of centralized process ownership 60%
Lack of change approval policy 50%
Frequent change notification after the fact 40% [13]
The above statistics are not hard to image, particularly for IT technicians, for whom change is a
constant, almost daily occurrence, whether it is for business requirement, or for emergency
changes, in response to an incident or problem requiring immediate action to restore service or
prevent service disruption, or to an expedited change that must be implemented in the shortest
possible time for business or technical reasons. Unfortunately, Change Management often fails to
Change
handled changes quickly in a uniform way and have the lowest possible impact on the networks
and its services. However; all changes have a disruptive potential for the business, and controlling
change through an agreed change management process is critical. Change management can even
change
be more effective in reducing service disruptions when coupled with the central thesis of this
paper, if change is communicated immediately to the stake holders via notification system, and
violations to any policy is immediately reported to the change initiator we can both assess and
tions
control the impact of our change.
.
2.2 Policy-Based Network Management
Based
As already noted the considerable growth of computer networks has produced a significant
scalability and efficiency limitations to the traditional management techniques, the tendency to
use diverse management and Operational Support Systems (OSS) that are not tightly integrated
together, has encouraged the use of “stovepipe” applications, which are applications that maintain
their own definition of data, that cannot be shared with other stovepipe applications [14]. This
6. Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
6
means that management is often fragmented and intensely human-driven. The need to manage
large networks and services efficiently and with speed has given rise to the idea of Policy-Based
Network Management (PBNM).
The concept of using Policy-Based Network Management (PBNM) to reduce the complexity of
the management task, has been being researched in the Policy Framework Working Group, the
Resource Allocation Protocol Working Group, the IP Security Policy Working Group of
IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force), and DMTF(Distributed Management Task Force) [15].
The PBNM concept comprises of policies which can be processed by automated systems. The
resulting policies are rules governing the choices in behavior of set of network elements, and
network conditions, which trigger the policy executions [16]. Therefore, policy-based network
management (PBNM) is a condition-action-response mechanism which provides automated
responses to changing network or operational conditions based on pre-defined policies [17].
In essence, the policy-based networking framework allows network operators to express their
business goals as a set of rules, or policies, which are then enforced throughout the network. The
architecture allows such rules to be defined centrally but enforced in a distributed fashion. In
addition, the goal of policy-based networking systems to allow for the automation of manual tasks
performed by network operators [18][19].
For networks consisting of various network elements of different vendors and all the systems that
provide for the one converged network, Policy-Based Network Management (PBNM) is a priority
in order to solve this management dilemma [20]. In particular Policy-based management provides
a way to allocate network resources, primarily network bandwidth, QoS, and security, according
to defined business policies. The success of management depends on the specification of unified
and scalable administered policies. These policies must then map to the configuration of the
multiple heterogeneous system, devices, applications and networks, for the purpose of policy
enforcement [21]. However; the main challenge facing the deployment of PBNM systems is the
variety of policy representation forms at different levels of the hierarchy. High level business
policies may be defined and stored in a database system then various applications may retrieve
and convert the data to different forms for processing. These conversion procedures add
complexity to the internal structure of PBNM systems, leading to efficiency and interoperability
concerns [22].
2.3 Configuration Auditing and Policy Compliance
The preceding sections illustrated how the current network management systems fails network
providers to face the challenge of running their network without service disruption in the presence
of constant network change. Configuration auditing aims to verify that the configuration of any
network element comply with the stated policy of the device, and that the information about the
network is current, without this function, a network administrators or stakeholders would have a
very hard time understanding what is going on in a network and why it is going on. The
importance of this process is that it could lead to isolating network troubles due to discrepancy
between what is currently configured and what should or should not have been configured on the
managed entity. Obviously, manual auditing of individual device configuration for networks with
a few devices is an option; however; for a large network such option simply does not scale.
While, this paper aims to present an automated way for administrators to identify discrepancies,
or misconfiguration and hopefully avoid potential catastrophic service disruptions and other
adverse fallouts, we will discuss the current tools used by large service providers [23].
In addition to the tools discussed in this paper there are many products available today with
capabilities to integrate dynamic audits of network configuration changes with service
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Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
performance and infrastructure optimization, as well as compliance, security and other initiatives.
However, they lack the ability to provide audit in real-time.
What the industry needs is an interactive system, with real-time reporting; why wait hours or even
minutes to discover than a change made on a network element has violated a policy and
potentially could be service impacting,
having such system could reduce hours of
troubleshooting, and save companies from expensive service interruptions. The aim of this paper
is to describe the framework and all the pieces that are required to develop such a system.
3. PROPOSED RESEARCH FOR A COMPREHENSIVE CHANGE
MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
The ramifications of one small change to network devices whether the change is desired or not
can be catastrophic; however, for large networks constant change is simply a fact of life.
Automated policy compliance and change Detection system can reduce these risks significantly.
I will present a system that will ensure device configurations remain compliant with internal and
regulatory compliance policies. From a high level point of view, the protocol will operate as
follows: once activated on a given device, it will check whether the current configuration state
violates any of the rules set in the policy, for performance considerations, the policy will be stored
locally as the first preference and to a centralized location as second option, in case of any
inconsistencies or violations an alarm is generated describing the findings, if none found the
system enter monitoring state. In monitoring state the protocol will check if any of the new
entered configurations violate the policy and if so a report/alarm is generated; otherwise continue
monitoring. Figure 2, illustrates the concept.
Figure 2 Process Flow
8. Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
8
To keep the local policy and the centralized copy in synchronization, I will define a process, in
which the administrator has the option to manually push changes to all devices, from the client
side I will define a process in which a device will seek to verify every given interval whether it
has the most current version of the policy, if not the client will be able to retrieve the latest copy
and store it locally. This process will ensure the ease of manipulating and maintaining policies,
only one copy per device type/function needs to be maintained. Figure 3, illustrates the push
process, and Figure 4 illustrates the client request process.
Figure 3. Server Push Process
9. 9
Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
Figure 4. Client Request Process
3.1 The Need for Common Policy Language
One of the core requirements for the proposed Automated Policy Compliance and Change
Detection framework is to have a common language for expressing device and organizational
policies; a common policy language will ease the enforcement of such policies to all components
of the network. Furthermore, using a common language brings numerous practical advantages,
such as lower implementation overhead, as well as the possibility to user the same or at least
similar tools to maintain the policies.
Extensible Markup Language (XML) has become the lingua franca of interchange, providing a
flexible but fully specified encoding mechanism for hierarchical.The flexibility of XML has led to
its widespread use for exchanging data in a multitude of forms. In its 54th birds of a feathers
(BoF) meeting, the IETF was very interested in discussing XML as base for configuration
management. In this informal session the participant discussed the requirements for a network
configuration management, and how the existing XML technologies, could be used to meet those
requirements. As a result the Network Configuration (netconf) Working Group [24] was formed
in May 2003 and produced Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) [25].
XML was chosen due to the ease with which its syntax and semantics can be extended to
accommodate the unique requirements of many network elements, and because of the widespread
support that it enjoys from all the main platform and vendors.
Because of its flexibility but
fully specified encoding mechanism for hierarchical content [26], XML can be used to hold
network management data, thus making it vendor and platform independent. In addition, XML
standards in network management allows for SNMP-to-XML , and XML-to-SNMP data
mapping. Furthermore; conversion of XML documents into readable formats can be
10. Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
10
accomplished using the XML Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT), thus facilitating the
ability to recast data in differing lights and convert it to and from common formats [27].
In future papers I will show how XML can be play role as the common policy language in the
proposed framework.
3.2 Keeping the Master Policy in SYNC with the Agents
In this section we need to address two issues: first, for systems being added to the Automated
Policy Compliance and Change Detection system, we need to define a method to push the master
policy to the new element, this could be a newly provisioned system, or a system that for any
reason has lost his contact with the master server. The second issue is the issue of
synchronization, synchronization needs occur when a record is changed in the master policy, here
I will define the processes needed to establish consistency among the source and the targets
(network elements), and the continuous harmonization of the data over time.
3.3 Securing the Policy Propagation and Synchronization Process
Our system may be vulnerable to a variety of malicious attacks. For instance the system may be a
subject to wiretapping attacks, where another system may masquerade itself as our primary
server. These attacks cause transmission of fictitious policy exchange, modification or replay of
valid messages, or suppression of valid messages. How do we know that the policy updates from
the server to one of the network elements really came from a trusted source? One option is to
allow for client to server authentication to occur whenever updates are exchanged. This
authentication ensures that a client receives reliable policy information from a trusted source.
Without neighbor authentication, unauthorized or deliberately malicious policy updates could
compromise the enforcement of our policies.
In this paper, I acknowledge the paramount importance of security, and in future publication I
will define the mechanisms to prevent fraudulent policy updates by protecting the update process.
3.4 Device Policy Compliance and Change Detection
Configuration changes may lead to inconsistent configuration states resulting in operational
failures and inefficiencies. In the section of the paper I aim to define the portion of the framework
whose primary objective to monitor the user activity in configuration mode, intercept the
commands entered by the change originator, compare them to the predefined policies for the
device, and then alert the user of any inconsistencies.
3.5 Policy Violation and Inconsistent State Reporting
It is important for the compliance and change detection portion of the system to provide sufficient
information about differences between the active configuration, or the newly entered
configurations to those specified in our policy for that device, such that the operators who are
configuration experts can quickly grasp the context of the differences, and for the casual alarm
monitor to have enough hints about the change to be able to correlate network events. We will
explore using XML (Extensible Markup Language) which is supported by many modern routers
and which offer the key benefit of having a well-structured syntax, and the ability to converts
XML data to SNMP data.
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Computer Science & Information Technology (CS & IT)
4. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
In this paper we descried the challenges facing network operators in maintaining and detecting
changes in network devices configuration that deviate from the standards set by the stake holder
for such device. Changes may lead to potential configuration errors, policy violations,
inefficiencies, and vulnerable states, and while, manual and labor intensive network auditing or
more recently products using dedicated configuration compliance scanning appliances for
verifying individual system configuration, can lead to the discovery of configuration errors, and
policy violations, however; we believe the framework describe here, is capable of providing real
time auditing and insure consistent configuration state, that can guarantee compliance and reduce
outage minutes.
In future papers I’ll describe in details the building blocks of the framework and devote time to
describe the language needed to build a common template language.
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