1) The document provides an overview of malaria including epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
2) Malaria remains a major global health problem, transmitted by the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. Plasmodium falciparum causes the largest disease burden.
3) Clinical presentation varies depending on malaria species, immunity, and transmission intensity. Uncomplicated malaria typically involves fever, while severe malaria can involve organ dysfunction. Diagnosis involves microscopy or rapid tests to detect the parasite. Treatment depends on malaria species and disease severity.
Congenital Malaria: Correlation of Umbilical Cord Plasmodium falciparum Paras...IJRES Journal
The vertical (trans-placental) transmission of the parasite Plasmodium falciparum from
pregnant mother to fetus during gestational period was investigated in a clinical research involving 43 full term
pregnant women in selected Hospitals in Jimeta Yola, Adamawa State Nigeria. During the observational study,
parasitemia was determined by light microscopic examination of umbilical and maternal peripheral blood film
for the presence of the trophozoites of Plasmodium falciparum. Correlational analysis was then carried on the
result obtained at p<0.05.><0.05) was established between maternal peripheral blood and umbilical cord
blood parasitemia with Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.762. Thus, in a malaria endemic area like Yola,
Adamawa State, Nigeria, with a stable transmission of parasite, there is a high probability of vertical
transmission of Plasmodium falciparum parasite from mother to fetus during gestation that can be followed by
the presentation of the symptoms of malaria by the newborn and other malaria related complications. Families
are advised to consistently sleep under appropriately treated insecticide mosquito net to avoid mosquito bite and
subsequent infestation.
Congenital Malaria: Correlation of Umbilical Cord Plasmodium falciparum Paras...IJRES Journal
The vertical (trans-placental) transmission of the parasite Plasmodium falciparum from
pregnant mother to fetus during gestational period was investigated in a clinical research involving 43 full term
pregnant women in selected Hospitals in Jimeta Yola, Adamawa State Nigeria. During the observational study,
parasitemia was determined by light microscopic examination of umbilical and maternal peripheral blood film
for the presence of the trophozoites of Plasmodium falciparum. Correlational analysis was then carried on the
result obtained at p<0.05.><0.05) was established between maternal peripheral blood and umbilical cord
blood parasitemia with Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.762. Thus, in a malaria endemic area like Yola,
Adamawa State, Nigeria, with a stable transmission of parasite, there is a high probability of vertical
transmission of Plasmodium falciparum parasite from mother to fetus during gestation that can be followed by
the presentation of the symptoms of malaria by the newborn and other malaria related complications. Families
are advised to consistently sleep under appropriately treated insecticide mosquito net to avoid mosquito bite and
subsequent infestation.
Malaria is a life- threatening disease. It is typically caused by the 4 species of plasmodium. It has 2 hosts i.e human host and the anopheles mosquito.
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It is preventable and curable.
Dr. Carmen Alonso - Airborne Transmission Of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenz...John Blue
Airborne Transmission Of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) And Lessons For Pigs - Dr. Carmen Alonso, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
this lecture has focus on definition,history of malaria,causative agents,life cycle,mode of transmission,epidemeolog,susceptibility,incubation period ,prevention and control
This study evaluated the prevalence of malaria parasite among pregnant and non pregnant women attending Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri Imo State Nigeria within the age range of 21-50 years. The molecular identification and speciation of the malaria parasites were carried out using different diagnostic techniques. The blood samples were analyzed using microscopy, Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results using the microscopy for pregnant women was 181(90.5%) and for non pregnant women, it was 185(92.5%) within the age range of under 21, 41 and above. The result of RDT for pregnant women was 58(32.0%) and for non pregnant women were 46(24.9%). However, the age group of pregnant women that had the highest occurrence of malaria using microscopy was (21-25yrs) with 100% of persons tested positive and (41-45yrs) with 78.8% had the lowest occurrence. For non pregnant women, the age group that had the highest occurrence of malaria parasite was (31-35yrs) with 95.3%of persons reporting tested reporting positive while, (21-25yrs) with 84.6% had the lowest occurrence. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used for the speciation of the parasites and the result revealed that Plasmodium falciparum in pregnant women within the ages of 46-50yrs had the highest (96.0%) prevalent followed by Plasmodium vivax for women within the ages of 21-25yrs had the highest (13.6%) occurrence, Plasmodium malariae for women within the ages 21-25yrs and had the highest (9.4%) occurrence. In this study, Polymerase Chain Reaction was very sensitive, takes more large samples at a time and specific for both P. falciparum and non falciparum Plasmodium infections and has many diagnostic advantages over microscopy. Out of 400 venous blood samples collected from both pregnant and non-pregnant women, 27 blood samples had mixed malaria parasite infections. Therefore, following this study, it will be recommended that we urge the pharmaceutical companies to improve on the manufacturing of broad-spectrum antimalarial drugs to cover all species of Plasmodium as it’s done with antimicrobials not only concentrating on the drugs for the treatment of P. falciparum alone.
Vector-borne diseases-Malaria, Filariasis, Dengue, JE, YF, Chikungunya, KFD, Leishmaniasis and the national program against vector-borne diseases NVBDCP.
Malaria is a life- threatening disease. It is typically caused by the 4 species of plasmodium. It has 2 hosts i.e human host and the anopheles mosquito.
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It is preventable and curable.
Dr. Carmen Alonso - Airborne Transmission Of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenz...John Blue
Airborne Transmission Of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) And Lessons For Pigs - Dr. Carmen Alonso, from the 2015 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 19-22, 2015, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-leman-swine-conference-material
this lecture has focus on definition,history of malaria,causative agents,life cycle,mode of transmission,epidemeolog,susceptibility,incubation period ,prevention and control
This study evaluated the prevalence of malaria parasite among pregnant and non pregnant women attending Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri Imo State Nigeria within the age range of 21-50 years. The molecular identification and speciation of the malaria parasites were carried out using different diagnostic techniques. The blood samples were analyzed using microscopy, Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results using the microscopy for pregnant women was 181(90.5%) and for non pregnant women, it was 185(92.5%) within the age range of under 21, 41 and above. The result of RDT for pregnant women was 58(32.0%) and for non pregnant women were 46(24.9%). However, the age group of pregnant women that had the highest occurrence of malaria using microscopy was (21-25yrs) with 100% of persons tested positive and (41-45yrs) with 78.8% had the lowest occurrence. For non pregnant women, the age group that had the highest occurrence of malaria parasite was (31-35yrs) with 95.3%of persons reporting tested reporting positive while, (21-25yrs) with 84.6% had the lowest occurrence. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used for the speciation of the parasites and the result revealed that Plasmodium falciparum in pregnant women within the ages of 46-50yrs had the highest (96.0%) prevalent followed by Plasmodium vivax for women within the ages of 21-25yrs had the highest (13.6%) occurrence, Plasmodium malariae for women within the ages 21-25yrs and had the highest (9.4%) occurrence. In this study, Polymerase Chain Reaction was very sensitive, takes more large samples at a time and specific for both P. falciparum and non falciparum Plasmodium infections and has many diagnostic advantages over microscopy. Out of 400 venous blood samples collected from both pregnant and non-pregnant women, 27 blood samples had mixed malaria parasite infections. Therefore, following this study, it will be recommended that we urge the pharmaceutical companies to improve on the manufacturing of broad-spectrum antimalarial drugs to cover all species of Plasmodium as it’s done with antimicrobials not only concentrating on the drugs for the treatment of P. falciparum alone.
Vector-borne diseases-Malaria, Filariasis, Dengue, JE, YF, Chikungunya, KFD, Leishmaniasis and the national program against vector-borne diseases NVBDCP.
Learning objectives
At the end of this unit, the students will be able to know about:
Epidemiological aspects of blood, and tissue sporozoan
Life cycle and pathogenesis of each blood, and tissue sporozoan
Necessary laboratory procedures for the detection and identification of blood, and tissue Sporozoa.
"Unveiling Malaria: Understanding, Prevention, and Treatment"MMariSelvam4
"Malaria: A Persistent Global Health Challenge"
Malaria, a mosquito-borne disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, continues to be a major public health concern worldwide. This presentation sheds light on the multifaceted nature of malaria, addressing its prevalence, transmission, impact on global health, and ongoing efforts towards prevention and treatment.
Despite significant progress in recent years, malaria remains prevalent in many parts of the world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where it disproportionately affects vulnerable populations such as children and pregnant women. The disease is transmitted through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes, making vector control a crucial aspect of malaria prevention.
Efforts to combat malaria encompass a range of strategies, including the distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, and the development of effective antimalarial drugs. Additionally, ongoing research focuses on innovative approaches such as genetic modification of mosquitoes and the development of vaccines to further advance malaria control efforts.
The burden of malaria extends beyond its immediate health impact, affecting socioeconomic development in endemic regions and exacerbating health disparities. Achieving malaria eradication requires a concerted effort involving governments, international organizations, healthcare providers, researchers, and communities.
By raising awareness, advocating for increased funding and resources, and implementing evidence-based interventions, we can work towards the ultimate goal of eradicating malaria and ensuring health equity for all. Together, we can make significant strides in reducing the global burden of this preventable and treatable disease.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
Au , malaria
1. AU, ASOHH, Dep’t OF INT. MEDICINE Yr-III ( C- I ) MEDICAL
STUDENTS ‘ LECTURE ON MALARIA
04 JUL 2011 GC , 8-9AM
NUWAMA BIFA , MD
TOPIC ---- MALARIA
OBJECTIVE - at the end of this session students will be able to
=Mention epidemiology of malaria
= Describe the pathogenesis of malaria.
= Identify the clinical scenarios of malaria.
3. INTRODUCTION
Malaria is a protozoal disease transmitted by the bite of
infected Anophles mosquito and the most important
parasitic diseases of humans, with transmission in >107
countries ( >3billion pop) and causing 1-3million
deaths/yr , 150-300deaths/hr.
4. Introd …..
Has now been eliminated from USA, Canada
,Europe & Russia ,But remain heavy burden on
tropical communities and danger to traveler.
Critical approach to reduce malarial morbidity
and mortality burden are : more sensitive
diagnostic tools, prompt treatment ,and improved
personal protection and vector control .
5. EPIDEMIOLOGY
Malaria occurs throughout tropical regions of the world ,
with p.falciparum causing largest burden, followed by
p.vivax and p.malariae sub-sahara and p.ovale west Africa
However, epidemiology of malaria is complex and vary
considerably within small geographic areas.
6. Epidemio …
Endemicity : defined by parasitemia rates or palpable
spleen rates in children of 2-9yrs
• Hypo endemic <10% X - low transmission, erratic/
focal, Protective immunity is not developed, all ages are
symptomatic. Called unstable transmission.
Mesoendemic 11-50%
Hyper endemic 51-74%
Holoendemic _>75%
7. Epid ….
Both hyper- and holoendemic are X ‘ed
constant,frequant year round infection ,called
stable transmission. People sustain >1 infectious
mosquito bite/day and are infected repeatedly
throughout theire lives. Adults are asymptomatic(
immunity developed) ,morbidity and mortality thus
considered in children and pregnants.
9. Epid …
Principal determinants of malaria epidemiology:
Vector density (No of vectors) –X of Anophles
Gambiae found in high density, readily breed.
Human-biting-habit (in/outdoor) ---square of No human
bites/day/mosq.
Logivity of vector (half life ) ----note; sporogony takes 8-30
days.
10. ETIOLOGY
Parasites ---Greece word, mean in close association with
another organism of different species ,host
Protozoa : eukaryotic, unicellular
(Plasmodium,leishmania ,toxoplasm,E.histolyt,
Giardia,isospora,cryptosporidiu,T.vaginalis )
Helminths ( helmins-worm ) : metazoa.
Cestoda(tapeworm) e.g taenia sp. ,echinococcus
Trematoda(flukes) e.g schistosoma (blood flukes)
11. Nematoda( roundworm ) ; intestinal and tissue
Arthropods : ectoparasite ; temporary/permanent
Arachnida ; ticks and mite
Insecta ; lice,bugs,fleas ,mosquito and flies
Mosquito---Anophles,culex,Aedes,simulum,phlebotomy ,
Anophles >400 sp. Out of which A.gambiae plasmodium
PLASMODIUM ; 4 SP. :P.falciparum ,p.vivax ,p.ovale
,p.malariae
-all are humans infective,transmitted by infected anophles ,
Same pathogenesis.
12. MODE OF TRANSMISSION OF MALARIA
1,bite of plasmodium vector,Anophles gambiae (almostall case)
Mosquito meal,ingest gametocyteszygote(in the midgut)
ookinete
penetrate gut wall
hemolymphsalivary glandsporozoite
(motile) through saliva inoculated into noninfectious ind’l upon
next bite.
Takes 8-30days to complete the sexual stage in mosquito.
Note; human stage is asexual.
13. Transm …
2,blood transfusion ,by needle-stick injury(drug
abusers),organ transplant_ ,congenital .
Noincubation period in these modeof transmission
and rare in occurance
14. PATHOGENESIS OF MALARIA
Inoculation of sporozoite(anophles bite)Liver (within 15-
45’)few sporozoite is infective,10p.f, hepatocytes
invaded,asexual reproduction begin( tissue schizogony);single
sporozoite gives 10000-30000merozoites tissue schizont
ruptures(6-16days later) merozoites release into blood
15. Pathog…
RBCs invaded,merozoite attaches to receptor
molecule on RBCs and species-specific (erythrocytic
stage ; ring ,trophozoite ,mature trophoz(pigmented)
schizont ,merozoite) , asexual multiplication
(erythrocytic schizogony) rupture(q48-72hrs)
merozoites released and re-invade another RBCs.
16.
17. RBCs change : - intracellular protien(Hgb) degraded,
Cell membrane altered ; transport property ,
Irregular shape , flexiblity lost,become antigenic
Particularly, p. falciparum:
form ‘knobs’ =antigenic-variant ,which
Helps as adhensive.
18. Pathog…
+Cytoadherence----on venules and capillaries
endothelium.
+Rosetting------pf parasitized RBCS adherence on
uninfected RBCs
+Agglutination----on another parasitized RBCs
19. Pathog…
NOTE; cytoadherence,rosetting,and agglutination are
hallmerk of falciparum malaria pathogenesis ,result in
sequestration parasitizedRBCs into microcirculation
,vital organs particularly brain ,placeta and result in
severe diseases.
21. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF MALARIA
-begin at erythrocytic stage
-vary with geography,epidemo ,immunity,age and p.species.
-incubation period ( t inoculation – clinical m.)-
vary among p.sp
p.f =6-16days ,p.v and p.ov =10-21days ,p.m=21-42d
months,even yrs
22. CM …
clinical form :
*non-falciparum /benign malaria
*uncomplicated falciparum malaria
*severe complicated malaria
*chronic complication of malaria
24. CM…
:severe complicated falciparum malaria
Def: acute life-threating malaria with hyperparasitemia
>5-10%parasRBCs / _>100,000 parasites/ microlit
and any SSx of organ dysfunction.
-young children,elderly,non-immune travelers,pregnant,
malnuri . ,RVI ,splenectomy are at high risk.
-paras virulence,host immunity,and t b/n onset and Rx
are important factors.
25. CM…..con’d
Clinical criteria for severity
cerebral malaria –coma 30’ without any other c
hypoglycemia
acidosis
Acute renal failure
26. Criteria for severity…
Pulmonary edema/ARDS
Severe anemia;NCNC ,thrombocytopenia,DIC
,(Thrombosis and bleeing)
Liver injury
Falciparum malaria in pregnancy
27. Chronic complication of malaria
Hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly ; response to
chronic/repeated infection
Anemia , NCNC
Presented with dragging LUQ abd pain& SSx of anemia
28. DIAGNOSIS OF MALARIA
-clinical ,but no pathognomonic SSx of malaria
-Light microscope : gold standard ,(Giemsa/Wright’s stain)
;determine sp. ,parasitic density ,& helps to monitor therapy.
-Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) : immunotochromatography
containing Ab-specific to different epitopes & detect parasitic
Ag proven by microscope.
29. Dx…
thin BF :
thick BF :
-other lab. Test : Hgb, periph
morphology,RBS,RFT,LFT,Serum e ,LP & CSF analysis(
if indicated).
30.
31. TREATMENT OUTLINE OF MALRIA :
1, Non-falciparum malaria,
A, chloroquine(10mg/kg po ,then 5mg/kg at 12,24,36,hrs)
followed by primaquine(0.25mg/kg po/d/14d) – in CQ
sensitive regions.
B, artemisinin-based combination therapy(ACT) ,in CQ
resistant regions.
32. Rx-con’d
Uncomplicated falcip malaria,
A, first line ,ACT for 3 days
1, artemether-lumefantrine(coartem20/120)
2, artesunate-amodiaquine(100/270)
3, artesunate-mefloquine(50/250)
4, atresunate-sufadoxina/pyrimethamine(50-500/25)
5, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine
33. Uncomp falc mal Rx…
B, second line ,for 7days
1, atresunate + TTC or Doxycy. Or Clindamy
2, Quinine + TTC or Doxycy. Or Clindamy
Pregnant- quinine + Clindamy/7d
Lactating –all except primaqu,TTC&Doxycy.
34. Rx-con’d
-severe complicated malaria :
1,Quinine Iv ; loading 20mg/kg/4hrs in 5%DNS,then 12hrs
later maintenance 10mg/kg/4hrs TID until pt can take orally
full course of ACT .
2,Artesunate Iv /IM ; 2.4mg/kg loading, 1.2mg/kg at 12,24hrs
then daily until pt take po.
35. Rx-con’d
3- if no option ,quininedihydrochloride IM or artemether IM
can be used.
4-supportive treatment ; Rx hypoglycemia, anaemia, fever,
coma care, …
Chronic malaria :
Chloquine for long duration , 6mos
Splenectomy
36. PERVENTION ;
Def ; control , elimination ,eradication,
CONTROL :reduction of disease incidence and prevalence to
levels that do not pose a threat to public , MDG 75% / 2015.
Appropriate Rx, personal protection,vector control & vaccine
ELIMINATION :reduction of incidence and transmission to
zero in humans in a defined geographic area.
ERADITION : global elimination of human disease .
37. Preven…
CHALLENGES :
-Increase resistance of malarial parasites to chemotherapy
-Increasing resistance of the Anopheles to insecticides
-Ecologic and climate changes
-Increase in international travel to malaria-endemic areas by
non-immune travelers
39. REFERENCES :
Harrison’s principles of internal medicine ,17th editon,2008
World health organization guidelines for the treatment of
malaria,2nd edition ,2010
UpToDate17.3
Microbiology-ColouAtlas-2005.
