This document provides information on woody ornamentals that can be grown for cut flowers. It discusses the advantages of woody ornamentals such as season extension and reduced pest problems compared to annuals. It then lists specific plants suitable for cutting, including forsythia, dogwood, lilac and hydrangea. The document discusses harvesting, forcing buds, marketing channels and other production details. It aims to educate cut flower growers on establishing and maintaining woody ornamental crops.
Growing Peaches in Northern Illinois is a power point presentation given at the Chicago Botanical Gardens in February of 2008 by Dennis Norton of Royal Oak Farm.
Companion Planting for Orchards - VeryedibleMaria857qx
Companion planting in orchards provides several benefits: it supplies nutrients to fruit trees from nitrogen-fixing plants like acacias and clover; prevents weed competition from edible ground covers while also yielding food; and attracts pollinators and beneficial insects with plants like dill, fennel, lavender and rosemary to aid pollination and pest control. Deep-rooted plants additionally access nutrients from deep soil layers to share with trees. Bulbs planted under trees offer winter color without competing for resources. Together these techniques enrich soil, manage pests, and maximize food production from the land.
Delonix regia, commonly known as the royal poinciana or flame tree, is a large, spreading tree native to Madagascar. It has fern-like leaves and showy red-orange blooms. It is widely grown as an ornamental tree in tropical regions. The flowers appear when the new leaves emerge and are followed by long, woody pods containing seeds. It is distinguished from the jacaranda tree by its larger, more finely divided leaves that have rounded leaflets.
Xeriscape Plant Selections and Ideas - North Dakota State UniversitySimm846q
This document provides information on xeriscaping and selecting drought-tolerant plants for landscapes in North Dakota. It begins with an introduction to xeriscaping and why it is important given North Dakota's climate. It then provides a list of grass, tree, shrub, perennial, and annual plant options that are suitable for low-water landscapes. The document emphasizes proper planning, plant selection, and maintenance techniques like mulching to establish xeric plants and conserve water. It also discusses zoning plantings by water needs and allowing plants to naturally acclimate to local conditions.
Plantings to Conserve Water During Droughts - Carroll County, MarylandFulvia52x
The document provides suggestions for drought-tolerant plantings, including trees and shrubs. It recommends strategically placing soaker hoses and rain barrels to reduce water use for plantings. Adding organic material to soil can help increase water retention. Xeriscaping principles of using low-water plants can create a low-maintenance, drought-resistant landscape. A list of over 30 drought-tolerant tree and shrub varieties is also included.
This document provides information on several series of dahlias and hibiscus cuttings produced and sold by Bosgraaf Greenhouses, including the history of the company and breeding programs that developed the plant varieties. It details the cultural requirements and sales opportunities for the Dahlietta, Gallery, Melody, Karma, Happy Single, Happy Days, and Dark Angel dahlia series, as well as the Sunny Cities hibiscus.
The document discusses the growing and enjoyment of dahlias across different regions of the United States. It describes how dahlias are favorites among gardeners worldwide for their diverse colors, forms, and relative ease of care. It then profiles dahlia enthusiasts from the South, North, and Midwest, discussing the challenges of growing dahlias in each region and recommending top varieties that perform well locally.
Pruning fruit trees requires different techniques than other landscape trees. Proper pruning helps improve fruit quality by maximizing light exposure, distributing fruiting wood, controlling tree size and health, reducing limb breakage, and increasing air flow. Pruning is usually done during dormancy from January through March to establish the tree structure and remove damaged or diseased branches, though some summer pruning may also be needed. Tools must be disinfected between cuts to prevent disease spread.
Growing Peaches in Northern Illinois is a power point presentation given at the Chicago Botanical Gardens in February of 2008 by Dennis Norton of Royal Oak Farm.
Companion Planting for Orchards - VeryedibleMaria857qx
Companion planting in orchards provides several benefits: it supplies nutrients to fruit trees from nitrogen-fixing plants like acacias and clover; prevents weed competition from edible ground covers while also yielding food; and attracts pollinators and beneficial insects with plants like dill, fennel, lavender and rosemary to aid pollination and pest control. Deep-rooted plants additionally access nutrients from deep soil layers to share with trees. Bulbs planted under trees offer winter color without competing for resources. Together these techniques enrich soil, manage pests, and maximize food production from the land.
Delonix regia, commonly known as the royal poinciana or flame tree, is a large, spreading tree native to Madagascar. It has fern-like leaves and showy red-orange blooms. It is widely grown as an ornamental tree in tropical regions. The flowers appear when the new leaves emerge and are followed by long, woody pods containing seeds. It is distinguished from the jacaranda tree by its larger, more finely divided leaves that have rounded leaflets.
Xeriscape Plant Selections and Ideas - North Dakota State UniversitySimm846q
This document provides information on xeriscaping and selecting drought-tolerant plants for landscapes in North Dakota. It begins with an introduction to xeriscaping and why it is important given North Dakota's climate. It then provides a list of grass, tree, shrub, perennial, and annual plant options that are suitable for low-water landscapes. The document emphasizes proper planning, plant selection, and maintenance techniques like mulching to establish xeric plants and conserve water. It also discusses zoning plantings by water needs and allowing plants to naturally acclimate to local conditions.
Plantings to Conserve Water During Droughts - Carroll County, MarylandFulvia52x
The document provides suggestions for drought-tolerant plantings, including trees and shrubs. It recommends strategically placing soaker hoses and rain barrels to reduce water use for plantings. Adding organic material to soil can help increase water retention. Xeriscaping principles of using low-water plants can create a low-maintenance, drought-resistant landscape. A list of over 30 drought-tolerant tree and shrub varieties is also included.
This document provides information on several series of dahlias and hibiscus cuttings produced and sold by Bosgraaf Greenhouses, including the history of the company and breeding programs that developed the plant varieties. It details the cultural requirements and sales opportunities for the Dahlietta, Gallery, Melody, Karma, Happy Single, Happy Days, and Dark Angel dahlia series, as well as the Sunny Cities hibiscus.
The document discusses the growing and enjoyment of dahlias across different regions of the United States. It describes how dahlias are favorites among gardeners worldwide for their diverse colors, forms, and relative ease of care. It then profiles dahlia enthusiasts from the South, North, and Midwest, discussing the challenges of growing dahlias in each region and recommending top varieties that perform well locally.
Pruning fruit trees requires different techniques than other landscape trees. Proper pruning helps improve fruit quality by maximizing light exposure, distributing fruiting wood, controlling tree size and health, reducing limb breakage, and increasing air flow. Pruning is usually done during dormancy from January through March to establish the tree structure and remove damaged or diseased branches, though some summer pruning may also be needed. Tools must be disinfected between cuts to prevent disease spread.
Gardening in the Winter - Try Bare-Roots, Gardening Guidebook for Placer County, California ~ Placer County Master Gardeners
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Flowering plants of kerala (deepak t c, 1100100196)Deepak T C
The document discusses several types of flowers including roses, water lilies, dog-bane, shoe-flower, and bendhi. It provides details on their scientific names, common names, physical features such as leaves, stems, flowers, fruits, and seeds. It also lists some common uses of each flower such as medicinal purposes, culinary uses, ornamental value, and other applications.
The document discusses using native plants in gardening. It provides examples of native plants and plant combinations that work well. Some benefits of using native plants discussed are lower water and chemical needs, fewer pests, and providing habitat for pollinators and wildlife. The document encourages observing nature for design inspiration and placing plants in locations that suit their needs to thrive. Maintaining native gardens requires less watering than typical non-native gardens once established and little to no fertilizer is needed.
Training and pruning fruit trees is important for proper growth, high quality fruit production, and long tree life. A primary goal is to develop a strong framework that supports fruit loads without breaking branches. This is typically done through central leader training, which involves selecting a central trunk with uniformly spaced scaffold branches forming a Christmas tree shape. Summer training directs growth and minimizes cutting compared to dormant pruning.
This document provides information on tree forms, pruning, training, and feeding of top fruit trees. It discusses unrestricted tree forms that are winter pruned versus restricted forms like espaliers that are summer pruned. Restricted forms have advantages like earlier fruiting and fitting in small spaces but require more skilled pruning. The document provides details on winter and summer pruning techniques for different tree forms and varieties. It also covers pruning for yield and thinning fruit as well as feeding requirements for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium.
The document provides descriptions of several plant species, including their key characteristics, such as native regions, size, leaf shape and color, flower features, and fruit/seed details. Some plant uses are also mentioned. The plants described include trees, shrubs, vines, and groundcovers commonly used in landscaping and horticulture.
1) The document describes 16 different indigenous plant species found in Kerala, India. It provides the scientific name, common names in English and local languages, family, and brief descriptions of each plant's appearance, uses, and growing characteristics.
2) The plants included are commonly used as ornamentals, in kitchen gardens, or have cultural significance. Many are trees, shrubs, or vines that produce colorful flowers or have medicinal properties.
3) Examples mentioned are arali, glory bower, pagoda plant, hibiscus, bougainvillea, jasmine, firecracker plant, and madagascar periwinkle. The document aims to promote using locally sourced plants in
Anthurium is a popular cut flower grown for its showy flowers and attractive foliage. It has bold, lasting flowers and is the second most traded tropical flower worldwide after orchids. Anthurium is mainly produced in India in the states of Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. There are many varieties that differ in spathe color and plant characteristics. Anthurium requires protected cultivation with specific soil, temperature, light, and humidity conditions. It is propagated through division, cuttings, or tissue culture and produces flowers on a spike that can be harvested and stored for weeks. Pests like aphids and diseases like black rot must be controlled through proper pest and disease management.
This document discusses indoor gardening and the selection and care of houseplants. It describes how plants can be grown individually in pots or containers and placed around the home. Indoor gardening provides benefits like improving indoor air quality, health and well-being. Several common houseplant species are described, like Chinese evergreen, pothos, snake plant and peace lily. The document also covers factors for plant growth like light, temperature, soil and containers. Indoor gardening allows for beautification of the home and potential health benefits.
This document provides information on bulbs, corms, and tubers; hedges; and revision techniques. It describes soil preparation, planting, and maintenance for growing bulbs. It lists functions of hedges and steps for planting one. It identifies active revision techniques like reading, remembering, and doing as more effective, and identifies passive techniques as less effective.
Pruning and training are horticultural manipulations done to modify naturally occurring growth patterns within plants. The primary processes being modified are apical dominance (see below) and the natural flowering and/or fruiting characteristics of the trees.
This document provides information on calcifuges (plants intolerant of alkaline soil), roses, climbers, and wall shrubs. It discusses selecting and planting roses, climbers, and wall shrubs, preparing soil, and maintaining plants through pruning, feeding, and controlling pests. Learning objectives cover naming examples of calcifuges, roses, climbers and wall shrubs, and describing soil preparation, planting, and maintenance of roses, climbers and wall shrubs.
This document discusses different pruning forms for fruit trees: central leader, open center, and modified central leader. The central leader form has a main vertical trunk with lateral branches growing in layers, forming a pyramid shape. The open center form heads back the central leader to encourage outward growth of scaffolds. The modified central leader combines aspects of the first two forms. The document provides guidance on establishing the framework for each form when trees are young and pruning mature trees to maintain their shape and improve fruit quality.
This document provides information about orchids, including:
- Orchids are a diverse family of flowering plants with about 28,000 species across 763 genera, showing monopodial and sympodial growth habits.
- Characteristics include three sepals, three petals, a column containing reproductive organs, and an inferior ovary.
- Orchids are native to tropical regions of Asia and Australia and have importance for medicine, gardens, food, and symbolism.
- The document discusses propagation methods, maintenance needs like watering, fertilizing, and pest/disease control, and harvesting practices for orchid cultivation.
This document provides information on different types of containers and pots that can be used for organic gardening, both indoors and outdoors. It discusses flats, pots, bands, clay pots, fiber pots, plastic pots, hanging pots, barrels and tubs that can be used as containers. It also outlines some basic gardening tools needed like secateurs, spray pumps, forks, hoes, rakes, spades, labels, watering cans and trowels. Finally, it recommends some indoor plants like aloe vera, spider plants and peace lilies that can help clean the air by removing common pollutants.
This document summarizes information about the Arroyo de la Cruz Manzanita, an endemic shrub native to coastal California. It is a woody evergreen groundcover that grows 2-3 feet tall and 5-8 feet wide, with bright green leaves and shreddy red bark. It blooms in winter or early spring with small pink flowers and produces hairy red "little apples". It is suitable as a low-maintenance groundcover or specimen plant and attracts birds and pollinators. It prefers full sun in coastal areas and part shade inland, and tolerates many soil types with occasional summer watering.
Thrips Management Alternatives in the FieldGardening
This document summarizes alternatives for managing thrips populations in agricultural fields. It discusses monitoring thrips using sticky cards and examining plant parts with a lens. Cultural control methods include avoiding susceptible crops after grains, managing weeds, using colored mulches, and balanced soil nutrition. Some cabbage and onion varieties have genetic resistance. Beneficial insects also help suppress thrips naturally. Organic pesticides are available when needed to control thrips.
This document discusses poultry genetics options for pastured poultry production. It notes that most pastured poultry producers in North America use Cornish-Rock crosses, which were bred for fast growth in confinement but can have health issues on pasture. Alternative breeds exist that may be better suited for pasture, such as those developed in France, but access is limited in North America currently. The document explores producer preferences, constraints of the conventional industry's dominance, and some alternative breeders that may expand options in the future.
Gardening in the Winter - Try Bare-Roots, Gardening Guidebook for Placer County, California ~ Placer County Master Gardeners
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Flowering plants of kerala (deepak t c, 1100100196)Deepak T C
The document discusses several types of flowers including roses, water lilies, dog-bane, shoe-flower, and bendhi. It provides details on their scientific names, common names, physical features such as leaves, stems, flowers, fruits, and seeds. It also lists some common uses of each flower such as medicinal purposes, culinary uses, ornamental value, and other applications.
The document discusses using native plants in gardening. It provides examples of native plants and plant combinations that work well. Some benefits of using native plants discussed are lower water and chemical needs, fewer pests, and providing habitat for pollinators and wildlife. The document encourages observing nature for design inspiration and placing plants in locations that suit their needs to thrive. Maintaining native gardens requires less watering than typical non-native gardens once established and little to no fertilizer is needed.
Training and pruning fruit trees is important for proper growth, high quality fruit production, and long tree life. A primary goal is to develop a strong framework that supports fruit loads without breaking branches. This is typically done through central leader training, which involves selecting a central trunk with uniformly spaced scaffold branches forming a Christmas tree shape. Summer training directs growth and minimizes cutting compared to dormant pruning.
This document provides information on tree forms, pruning, training, and feeding of top fruit trees. It discusses unrestricted tree forms that are winter pruned versus restricted forms like espaliers that are summer pruned. Restricted forms have advantages like earlier fruiting and fitting in small spaces but require more skilled pruning. The document provides details on winter and summer pruning techniques for different tree forms and varieties. It also covers pruning for yield and thinning fruit as well as feeding requirements for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium.
The document provides descriptions of several plant species, including their key characteristics, such as native regions, size, leaf shape and color, flower features, and fruit/seed details. Some plant uses are also mentioned. The plants described include trees, shrubs, vines, and groundcovers commonly used in landscaping and horticulture.
1) The document describes 16 different indigenous plant species found in Kerala, India. It provides the scientific name, common names in English and local languages, family, and brief descriptions of each plant's appearance, uses, and growing characteristics.
2) The plants included are commonly used as ornamentals, in kitchen gardens, or have cultural significance. Many are trees, shrubs, or vines that produce colorful flowers or have medicinal properties.
3) Examples mentioned are arali, glory bower, pagoda plant, hibiscus, bougainvillea, jasmine, firecracker plant, and madagascar periwinkle. The document aims to promote using locally sourced plants in
Anthurium is a popular cut flower grown for its showy flowers and attractive foliage. It has bold, lasting flowers and is the second most traded tropical flower worldwide after orchids. Anthurium is mainly produced in India in the states of Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. There are many varieties that differ in spathe color and plant characteristics. Anthurium requires protected cultivation with specific soil, temperature, light, and humidity conditions. It is propagated through division, cuttings, or tissue culture and produces flowers on a spike that can be harvested and stored for weeks. Pests like aphids and diseases like black rot must be controlled through proper pest and disease management.
This document discusses indoor gardening and the selection and care of houseplants. It describes how plants can be grown individually in pots or containers and placed around the home. Indoor gardening provides benefits like improving indoor air quality, health and well-being. Several common houseplant species are described, like Chinese evergreen, pothos, snake plant and peace lily. The document also covers factors for plant growth like light, temperature, soil and containers. Indoor gardening allows for beautification of the home and potential health benefits.
This document provides information on bulbs, corms, and tubers; hedges; and revision techniques. It describes soil preparation, planting, and maintenance for growing bulbs. It lists functions of hedges and steps for planting one. It identifies active revision techniques like reading, remembering, and doing as more effective, and identifies passive techniques as less effective.
Pruning and training are horticultural manipulations done to modify naturally occurring growth patterns within plants. The primary processes being modified are apical dominance (see below) and the natural flowering and/or fruiting characteristics of the trees.
This document provides information on calcifuges (plants intolerant of alkaline soil), roses, climbers, and wall shrubs. It discusses selecting and planting roses, climbers, and wall shrubs, preparing soil, and maintaining plants through pruning, feeding, and controlling pests. Learning objectives cover naming examples of calcifuges, roses, climbers and wall shrubs, and describing soil preparation, planting, and maintenance of roses, climbers and wall shrubs.
This document discusses different pruning forms for fruit trees: central leader, open center, and modified central leader. The central leader form has a main vertical trunk with lateral branches growing in layers, forming a pyramid shape. The open center form heads back the central leader to encourage outward growth of scaffolds. The modified central leader combines aspects of the first two forms. The document provides guidance on establishing the framework for each form when trees are young and pruning mature trees to maintain their shape and improve fruit quality.
This document provides information about orchids, including:
- Orchids are a diverse family of flowering plants with about 28,000 species across 763 genera, showing monopodial and sympodial growth habits.
- Characteristics include three sepals, three petals, a column containing reproductive organs, and an inferior ovary.
- Orchids are native to tropical regions of Asia and Australia and have importance for medicine, gardens, food, and symbolism.
- The document discusses propagation methods, maintenance needs like watering, fertilizing, and pest/disease control, and harvesting practices for orchid cultivation.
This document provides information on different types of containers and pots that can be used for organic gardening, both indoors and outdoors. It discusses flats, pots, bands, clay pots, fiber pots, plastic pots, hanging pots, barrels and tubs that can be used as containers. It also outlines some basic gardening tools needed like secateurs, spray pumps, forks, hoes, rakes, spades, labels, watering cans and trowels. Finally, it recommends some indoor plants like aloe vera, spider plants and peace lilies that can help clean the air by removing common pollutants.
This document summarizes information about the Arroyo de la Cruz Manzanita, an endemic shrub native to coastal California. It is a woody evergreen groundcover that grows 2-3 feet tall and 5-8 feet wide, with bright green leaves and shreddy red bark. It blooms in winter or early spring with small pink flowers and produces hairy red "little apples". It is suitable as a low-maintenance groundcover or specimen plant and attracts birds and pollinators. It prefers full sun in coastal areas and part shade inland, and tolerates many soil types with occasional summer watering.
Thrips Management Alternatives in the FieldGardening
This document summarizes alternatives for managing thrips populations in agricultural fields. It discusses monitoring thrips using sticky cards and examining plant parts with a lens. Cultural control methods include avoiding susceptible crops after grains, managing weeds, using colored mulches, and balanced soil nutrition. Some cabbage and onion varieties have genetic resistance. Beneficial insects also help suppress thrips naturally. Organic pesticides are available when needed to control thrips.
This document discusses poultry genetics options for pastured poultry production. It notes that most pastured poultry producers in North America use Cornish-Rock crosses, which were bred for fast growth in confinement but can have health issues on pasture. Alternative breeds exist that may be better suited for pasture, such as those developed in France, but access is limited in North America currently. The document explores producer preferences, constraints of the conventional industry's dominance, and some alternative breeders that may expand options in the future.
Garden symphylans are small, white soil-dwelling arthropods that can cause significant damage to crops. They feed on plant roots, reducing the crop's ability to take up water and nutrients, which leads to stunting or death. Garden symphylans are commonly found in western Oregon, Washington, and California, especially in heavier, well-structured soils with good tilth. Their patchy distribution within fields makes them difficult to sample for and manage. Various sampling methods can be used to determine if they are present in damaging numbers to inform management decisions. Tactics to control damage include those that decrease garden symphylan populations as well as those that reduce their access to crop roots.
The document provides a brief history of internet-related technologies from 2005 to 2011, noting that the One Laptop per Child project began distributing notebooks for education in 2005, 4G wireless networks launched in the United States in 2010 providing high-speed connectivity, and by 2011 technology companies were working with educators to provide immersive experiences using new multi-touch handheld devices.
This document discusses the organic certification process and its benefits. It explains that organic certification provides third-party confirmation that a farm or handling operation complies with organic standards, allowing them to market products with a USDA organic seal. The certification process involves an inspector verifying an operation's compliance with organic standards through an on-site audit of activities and records. Maintaining thorough records provides multiple benefits like identifying problems, improving management, and ensuring organic integrity.
This document discusses methods for cattle ranchers to add value to their beef within and outside of the conventional beef marketing system. It explains that ranchers can increase profits within the conventional system by retaining ownership of cattle past weaning, producing higher quality cattle, and forming marketing cooperatives. The document also introduces alternative marketing strategies such as niche markets for natural, lean, or organic beef which involve direct marketing to connect producers with consumers seeking differentiated products. It provides an overview of production and marketing considerations for ranchers interested in alternative beef marketing.
This document provides an overview of organic strawberry production methods. It discusses various planting systems used in organic strawberry production such as raised bed plasticulture, matted row systems, and ribbon row systems. It also covers strawberry varieties, fertility management, and weed, pest and disease control techniques. The key points are:
- Raised bed plasticulture is commonly used, though critics argue it is not environmentally sustainable due to the plastic usage. Alternatives like matted row systems are discussed.
- Variety selection is important, with June-bearing and everbearing varieties available. Trials show 'Honeoye' performs well organically.
- Fertility is crucial as strawberries
Organic livestock producers must document their practices to demonstrate compliance with organic regulations. This document provides forms to help producers organize information for their organic system plan and inspections. It includes forms for pasture management, livestock records, feed records, and inventories of approved substances. The forms cover topics such as field activities, inputs, health records, breeding, access to pasture, sales, and more. Producers can customize the forms to meet their needs and use them to simplify paperwork required for organic certification.
This document provides an overview of organic greenhouse vegetable production. It discusses the greenhouse vegetable industry and how small growers can compete through niche markets like locally-grown and organic produce. It also profiles different types of organic greenhouse production systems, including using soil or soilless cultures, as well as heating options like solar, compost or animals. The document emphasizes that organic fertility relies on crop rotations, residues, manures and minerals rather than synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. It states that greenhouse technology is similar between organic and conventional systems, but organic production requires more careful nutrient and pest management.
This document discusses the types and importance of foreign trade. It notes that due to differences in geographical conditions and resources, countries rely on trade to access goods they cannot produce themselves. Foreign trade provides benefits like increased wealth and utilization of resources, but also comes with challenges such as dependence on other countries, risks from price fluctuations, and potential harm to domestic industries. The document separates foreign trade into import trade, where a country purchases goods from another, and export trade, where a country sells goods abroad, and outlines some of the key participants and documents involved in each.
This document provides information about edible landscaping and lists many books on the topic. It begins by noting that some web browser links may not work properly with Microsoft Internet Explorer and recommends alternative browsers. It then provides a long list of book titles and links related to edible landscaping, food gardens, edible plants and flowers, landscaping with fruits and vegetables, and using edible plants in landscape design. The document resources cover topics like growing, cooking with, and designing with edible flowers, fruits, vegetables and other edible plants.
This document discusses foliar fertilization, which involves applying nutrients to plant leaves and stems for absorption. It can enhance crop nutrition but opinions vary on its usefulness. Key points covered include:
- Foliar feeding has been used to supply nutrients, hormones, and other substances, with effects like increased yields and pest resistance.
- Its efficiency is dependent on species, concentration, timing and other application factors.
- It should be used to supplement sound soil fertility practices like compost and cover crops, not replace them.
- Guidelines for effective application include using dilute solutions, neutral pH, fine atomization, and timing with temperature and humidity.
This document summarizes the chemical product and company information, hazard identification, composition, first aid measures, fire-fighting measures, accidental release measures, handling and storage, exposure controls and personal protection, physical and chemical properties, stability and reactivity, toxicological information, ecological information, disposal information, transport information, and regulatory information for an industrial cleaning solution called CHLOR*RID. The solution is a light blue liquid with a mildly burnt sugar odor that can cause mild skin and eye irritation upon contact. It contains a proprietary chemical mixture at 10% and other non-hazardous materials at 90%. Personal protective equipment including eye protection and gloves is recommended when handling.
- Well-managed grazing systems can improve soil health, biodiversity, and farm sustainability by maintaining permanent pastures, interrupting weed and pest cycles through crop rotations, and improving soil structure and organic matter content. They also allow ruminants to convert forages inedible to humans into meat, milk and fiber.
- Key aspects of sustainable pasture management include choosing appropriate grazing systems, monitoring pasture health and fertility, and adjusting plant and livestock choices over time based on goals and conditions. Frequent movement of livestock and dividing fields into paddocks can improve forage quality and utilization compared to continuous grazing.
Defi6 is a portable automatic external defibrillator (AED) that is lightweight, easy to use, and guides the user through the defibrillation process. It analyzes the patient's heart rhythm and will either prompt the user to deliver a shock if needed or begin CPR instructions. The AED is designed to be used in situations where emergency responders may be several minutes away. It uses adhesive pads to deliver the shock and has features like voice prompts, ECG analysis, and event recording for reporting.
Specialty Lettuce and Greens: Organic ProductionGardening
This document provides information about organic production of specialty lettuces and greens. It discusses the history and market trends of specialty lettuces, including declining prices due to increased production. Specific types of lettuces and greens that can be grown as specialties are described. The document also covers organic certification requirements and provides guidance on soil preparation, propagation, and cultural practices for organic production of specialty lettuces and greens.
Organic System Plans: Market Farms and GreenhousesGardening
This organic system plan provides details for Andy and Suzi Wannabee's 22-acre diversified organic farm in Arkansas. The farm includes vegetable crops, small fruits, greenhouse production, and wild ginseng harvest. A map shows the farm layout including 15 fields, buffer areas, buildings, and adjoining land uses. Field histories dating back to 2003 are also provided to document the transition of fields to organic production.
This document is a marketing proposal from TriDigital Marketing that outlines their services for IT companies. It summarizes TriDigital's company background and marketing strategy approach of focusing on each client's unique story and culture rather than just technical services. The proposal then describes their ideal clients, core services which include website design, content creation, email marketing, video production, and ongoing consulting. Specific case studies and testimonials from past clients are also included to demonstrate TriDigital's successful approach.
This document provides information about growing woody ornamentals for cut flowers. It discusses the advantages of woody cuts, including season extension and low pest problems. It recommends selecting plants that produce numerous long stems and have a long vase life. Tips are provided on site preparation, planting, pruning, and harvesting woody cuts. A table lists many suitable plant varieties and their characteristics. Forced branches are discussed as a way to have early flowers. Marketing channels for woody cuts are also described.
This document provides information about growing woody ornamentals for cut flowers. It discusses the advantages of woody cuts, including season extension and low pest problems. It recommends selecting plants that produce long stems and have a long vase life. Tips are provided on site preparation, planting, pruning, and harvesting woody cuts. A table lists many suitable plant varieties and their characteristics. Marketing channels for woody cuts include farmers markets, pick-your-own operations, and retail florists.
Everything you ever wanted to know about pruning trees, shrubs and perennials...Jeff Griff
This document provides guidance on pruning various landscape plants including trees, shrubs, and perennials. It discusses the basics of structural pruning for young trees to establish strong structure. For shrubs, it emphasizes the importance of pruning appropriately for the specific plant and discusses thinning, renewal, and shearing techniques. For perennials, it explains deadheading, cutting back, and pinching to promote reblooming and improved appearance. Throughout, it stresses understanding each plant's growth habit and needs to achieve optimal results from pruning.
This document provides instructions for growing native plants from seed and cuttings. Some key points include:
1. Native plant seedlings need strong light, light, and more light to thrive. Fluorescent shop lights placed close to the seedlings work well.
2. The soil mix is made mostly of peat moss, vermiculite, sand, and calcined montmorillonite clay to prevent damping off. Seeds should be planted at a depth twice their diameter.
3. Cuttings can be taken from plants throughout the year, with softwood cuttings taken in the growing season and rooted on a mist bench, and hardwood cuttings taken dormant season and stuck directly in
Garden Maintenance for Xeriscape - Aurora, ColoradoEric851q
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Rhs level 2 certificate year 1 session 13 overview 2011vikkis
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
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INTRODUCTION
By Janet Bachmann
NCAT Agriculture Specialist
July 2002
WOODY ORNAMENTALS
FOR CUT FLOWER GROWERS
GETTINGSTARTED
CURRENT TOPIC
Special thanks to Lane Greer, former NCAT/ATTRA technical specialist, who reviewed this publi-
cation and contributed information and photos.
“Woody cuts” or “woodies” come from peren-
nial shrubs, trees, or woody vines. Flowering
branches, foliage, fruits, pods, and stems are gain-
ing wide use in creative floral design. If you are a
cut-flower grower, woody ornamentals can be some
of the best plants for extending your season and fill-
ing out your bouquets.
In addition to season extension, woody ornamen-
tals have a number of other advantages. They gen-
erally have few pest problems and can be grown on
land unsuited for other crops. Once established,
these perennials generally don’t require as much care
as annuals. They can serve as attractive landscape
plants, as habitat for beneficial insects and birds, and
as windbreaks.
Disadvantages include higher establishment costs
and a wait of a year or more for the first harvest. In
addition, although many cut-flower growers are al-
ready growing woodies, there is little information
about the best cultivars, harvest times, postharvest
treatment, pricing, and markets.
Because you will be establishing perennials, weed management will be a special concern. You
can decrease weed problems by covering the planting bed with landscape fabric, and then covering
the fabric with an organic mulch such as wood chips.
Fertilizers and soil amendments should be worked into the soil before planting. This is espe-
cially true for phosphorus, which is not very mobile in the soil. Fertility requirements for most
woodies are similar to those for orchard trees and shrubs, but additional phosphorus helps to pro-
duce longer shoots.
From top to bot-
tom: Nandina
domestica; Mag-
nolia stellata
chrysanthemi-
flora; Prunus
mume rose bud.
2. //WOODY ORNAMENTALS FOR CUT FLOWER GROWERSPAGE 2
Irrigation is especially important at planting time and when the plants are small. As plants
become established, irrigation may no longer be necessary.
If you want your woody ornamentals to serve as a windbreak or as part of your landscape
design, space them according to recommendations for those purposes. However, if you are plant-
ing them only to make cuttings, tight spacing is better. This causes stems to grow long and
straight. For most woody cuts, plants are set 2–6 feet apart within rows. But be sure to leave
enough space be-
tween rows for field
operations, such as
mowing a walkway
cover-crop or har-
vesting branches.
Grower Elizabeth
Dean found that
double rows of plants
staggered on 4- to 6-
foot beds with 6- to 8-
foot sod paths be-
tween the beds accommodate her mowing equipment (1).
Pruning to encourage growth of many long stems differs from pruning for a landscape speci-
men. In a typical plant, the dominant apical or tip bud prevents the development of the dormant
buds or side shoots. If you remove the tip bud by pruning or pinching, other buds on the stem will
develop. If you prune the apical bud from the plant when it is small, it will branch low to the
ground and produce long, usable stems. If you prune a larger plant, you must cut it back hard to
get a flush of long stems. A general rule when harvesting woody ornamentals is to leave at least
a third of the foliage on the plant when you cut. Once the plants have gone dormant, however,
some species, such as Buddleia and Caryopteris, can be cut to the ground (2).
When selecting plants to grow for
woody cuts, look for species that:
· Have the ability to grow well in
your climate, and regrow rapidly
after severe and frequent pruning.
· Produce numerous stems borne
over a long period of time.
· Produce stems at least 18" long
(upscale florists like long stems).
· Retain flowers, berries, or foliage well
· Have a long vase life.
· Produce harvestable branches early in
the plant’s life.
· Extend your season from forced flowers (forsythia, fruit trees) in the spring; to berries
(beautyberry, bittersweet) or bright foliage (oak) in the fall; to red berries and/or green
foliage (hollies, pine, juniper, magnolia) for Christmas.
WHAT TO PLANT
Fieldplantingofhollies
Forsythia (Forsythia x intermedia)
Photo by Janet Bachmann
3. //WOODY ORNAMENTALS FOR CUT FLOWER GROWERS PAGE 3
Boxwood, dogwood, forsythia, holly, hydrangea, jasmine, lilac, pussy willow, and cork-
screw willow have long been popular in the floral trade. The table Woody Ornamentals Suitable
for Cutting (p. 5–8) lists other possible choices. Consider growing a mix of best-sellers and
unusual cuts.
The proper time of harvest for flowering branches varies. Forsythia, quince, and fruit blos-
soms are best cut when the buds are very tight; color need not be showing. Lilac, rhododen-
dron, Kalmia, deutzia, camellia, witch
hazel, hibiscus, Mahonia, spirea, Pieris,
and viburnum are among those that
should be cut just as they are starting to
open. The suggested time to cut butter-
fly bush is when half the flowers on the
inflorescence are open but before the
open flowers have started to fade. Aca-
cia, hydrangea, leonotis, Hypericum,
Cornus, and Erica species should be cut
when nearly or fully open (3).
Forcing blossoms is a way to have
an early supply of flowers that would
normally bloom later in the season. It
also allows you to have flowers avail-
able on specific dates for special events.
Many ornamental trees and shrubs
set their flower buds during the sum-
mer for bloom the following spring, go dormant in winter, and come out of dormancy when
exposed to warmth and moisture. Late winter, the best time to prune deciduous trees and
shrubs, is also the best time to cut branches for
forcing.
Cut branches for forcing when the outside
temperature is above freezing – they will be
more pliable and make a better transition from
cold outdoor temperatures to warmer indoor
temperatures. Set the branches in buckets of
warm (100° to 110°F) water with a floral pre-
servative dissolved in it. Start forcing at 50°F;
higher temperatures at the start will blast the
buds. After a couple of weeks, you can speed
up the time to flowering by moving the buds to
a room as warm as 75°F, keep it slow at 50°F,
or halt it by placing the branches in cold stor-
age at 35°F (4).
Pussy willow, flowering quince, forsythia,
and fruit blossoms are among the most common woody plants cut for forcing. Suitable branches
can be cut from other willows, filberts, beeches, birches, fothergillas, witch hazels, eastern red-
bud, lilacs, magnolias, rhododendrons, flowering quinces, and red maple (5).
HARVEST AND POSTHARVEST
Cut pussy willow, forced
SpringBouquet(Viburnumtinus)
4. WOODY ORNAMENTALS FOR CUT FLOWER GROWERSPAGE 4
Purple beautyberry (Callicarpa dichotoma)
More information on forcing
can be found in the book Floricul-
ture by John Dole (6). He gives de-
tails on lilac and forsythia, two spe-
cies whose production and forcing
requirements are well documented.
Branches that are chosen for
their beauty simply as bare
branches – such as redtwig and
yellowtwig dogwood – are cut
when dormant. The dogwood
stems will be green during the sum-
mer, but change color during cold
winter weather. Do not put the cut
stems into water, but store them dry. They will last for months.
Branches chosen for their ornamental fruits are generally cut after the fruits are mature.
Bittersweet should be cut before its pods open; the vines are stored dry. American beautyberry
should be cut when mid-stem berries are colored. Green fruits do not color after harvest (7).
Lane Greer and John M. Dole of North Carolina
State University offer these comments:
“For the most part, the same marketing channels
used by cut-flower growers are used by woody-cut
growers. These include farmers’ markets, pick-your-
own, and retail florists. However, there are some dif-
ferences. Many farmers’ markets and most pick-your-
own establishments are closed from late fall to early
spring, which is a great time for harvesting and selling
many woody cuts such as pussy willow. A few retail
florists may not be interested in woody cuts. Working
with berried plants like
Callicarpa, for instance,
can be challenging.
Those florists who tend to
create original designs
will demand new flowers,
different colored stems,
and unusual plants to
lend their work a taste of
the uncommon.”
MARKETING CHANNELS
5. //WOODY ORNAMENTALS FOR CUT FLOWER GROWERS PAGE 5
Lynn Byczynski’s excellent book The Flower Farmer
(2) has a chapter devoted to woody ornamentals.
Byczynski also publishes the popular monthly journal
Growing for Market. This publication is not targeted spe-
cifically toward flower growers, but it usually has at
least one article on field-grown cut flowers.
Anyone who is considering growing cut flowers
(woody or otherwise) should invest in a copy of Allan
Armitage’s book Specialty Cut Flowers (8). Armitage
devotes a section to woody cuts, in which he describes
production and handling as well as propagation tech-
niques, field culture, greenhouse production, and
postharvest techniques.
Other growers are another good source of informa-
tion. The Association of Specialty Cut Flower Growers
(ASCFG) (9) enables growers to share production and
marketing information with each other. The ASCFG
produces a membership directory that contains information about individual growers and the
varieties of flowers they produce. The directory is free to ASCFG members and is for sale to non-
members. Other member benefits include a quarterly newsletter and a listserv where members
share questions and answers of all kinds. The ASCFG also hosts an annual conference. The 2002
conference, September 18–21 in Middleton, Wisconsin, will include special sessions on woody
ornamentals.
The American Nurseryman (10) includes advertisements for many plant sources. It also adver-
tises many useful books, and often has articles on woody ornamentals that are suitable for cuts.
RESOURCES
Holly berries
Botanical Name CommentsCommon Name
Abeliachinensis
Abeliophyllumdistichum Whiteforsythia Abundantsmallwhiteflowers,delicate
fragrance.
Acaciaspp.
Acer rubrum Redmaple Suitableforforcing.
Amorpha canescens Leadplant amorpha
Aronia arbutifolia Red chokeberry
Aucubajaponica Japanese aucuba
Betula papyrifera Birch Often used as whole trees at 8-10' (silk
leaves).
Buddleiadavidii Butterflybush Numerous cultivars with flowers in shades
of purple, pink, white.
Buddleia globosa Orange butterfly bush Bright yellow, fragrant flowers.
Buddleiaweyeriana Hybrid with yellow to yellow-orange
flowers. ‘Sun Gold’ has long vase life.
Buxusspp. Boxwood Long-lasting foliage. Variegated and green
cultivars.
Woody Ornamentals Suitable for Cutting
6. //WOODY ORNAMENTALS FOR CUT FLOWER GROWERSPAGE 6
Callicarpa americana American beautyberry Grown for its metalic purple berries. Zones
6–10. Must be defoliated.
Callicarpa bodinieri Bodinieri beautyberry Grown for its berries. Must be defoliated.
Callicarpa dichotoma Purple beautyberry Grown for its berries. Profusion is
recommended cultivar. Must be
defoliated. Smaller fruit than C.americana.
Zones 5–8.
Calluna vulgaris Heather Many cultivars.
Calycanthus floridus Commonsweetshrub Cultivar: Athens.
Caryopteris clandonensis Bluebeard Will provide cuts in first year. Blue flowers
producedinlatesummer.
Celastrus scandens Americanbittersweet Vines need trellis. Cut before fruits open.
Cerciscanadensis Eastern redbud Cut for flowers when buds are tight.
Cercischinensis Chinese redbud
Chaenomelesspeciosa Flowering quince Flowers in early spring, suitable for forcing.
Chaenonmeles japonica Japanese flowering quince
Chimonanthus praecox Fragrant wintersweet Fragrant flowers in winter.
Chionanthis retusus Chinesefringetree
Clematis spp. Clematis Cut flowers can last 7–10 days.
Clethra alnifolia Summersweetclethra Fragrant flowers in summer.
Cornus alba Tatarian dogwood Stems of cultivar Bud’s Yellow turn yellow in cold
weather. For best color, cut stems back hard
every year.
Cornus florida Flowering dogwood Spring flowers; cut when open.
Cornus sanguinea Dogwood Driedcutstemslastformonths.
Cornus sericia Redtwig dogwood Grown for red stems. Cut in fall or winter and
store dry.
Corylopsisspicata Winterhazel Pale yellow flowers are produced in early
spring.
Corylus avellana European filbert Cultivar: Contorta; grown for its stems.
Cotinus coggygria European smoketree Cultivari: Velvet Cloak. Purple foliage has a
good vase life.
Cotinus obovatus Americansmoketree
Cyrilla racemiflora Swampcyrilla Alsocalledleatherwood. Beautifulfoliage,
fragrantwhiteflowers.
Cytisusspp. Scotchbroom Many cultivars.
Danae racemosa Alexandrian laurel Foliage is excellent for cut branches. Zones 8
and 9.
Daphne burkwoodii Burkwood daphne Creamy to pinkish tinged, fragrant flowers.
Daphne genkwa Lilac daphne Flowers are lilac-colored and borne along
entirelengthofstem,notfragrant.
Daphne odora Fragrant daphne Also called winter daphne; fragrant early spring
flowers. Stems are very short.
Deutziaelegantissima Elegantdeutzia
Eleagnus spp. Species include Silverberry, Autumn olive.
Good foliage, fragrant flowers.
Eleagnus x ebbingii Cultivar Gilt Edge has extra-showy foliage.
Erica spp. Heaths
7. //WOODY ORNAMENTALS FOR CUT FLOWER GROWERS PAGE 7
Euonymus alata Winged euonymus Interesting stems with rich-brown corky ridges.
Euonymus atropurpurea Wahoo Abundantattractivefruits.
Forsythia x intermedia Forsythia Yellow flowers in early spring, suitable for
forcing. Lynwood Gold has more stems than
othercultivars.
Fothergilla gardenii Dwarffothergilla
Hamamelismollis Chinesewitchhazel
Hamamelisvernalis Vernalwitchhazel Extremely early spring blossoms. Fragrant.
Hamamelis virginiana Commonwitchhazel Latefallblossoms.
Hydrangea spp. Hydrangea Flowers in blue, pink, white depending on soil
acidity. Also used as dried flowers.
Hypericum androsemum St.Johnswort Cultivars: Albury Purple, Excellent Flair.
Hypericumbuckleyi Blueridge St. Johnswort
Hypericum frondosum GoldenSt.Johnswort Summerbloomerswithsmoothbluish-green
foliage.
Hypericum ‘Hidcote’ Interesting seed capsules in fall, useful in dried
arrangements.
Hypericum prolificum Shrubby St. Johnswort Interesting seed capsules in fall, useful in dried
arrangements.
Ilex decidua Possumhaw Deciduous, harvest when berries are mature.
Ilex serrata Japanese winterberry Deciduous, harvest when berries are mature.
Ilexveticillata Winterberry Deciduous, harvest when berries are mature.
Itea virginica Virginiasweetspire
Jasminum mesnyi Primrosejasmine
Kerria japonica Cultivar Picta has handsome white-edged leaves.
Koelreuteria bipinnata Goldenraintree Fruits collected in pink stage and dried last for years.
Leptospermum scoparium Broomteatree Evergreen foliage.
Lonicera fragrantissima Winterhoneysuckle Fragrant early-spring flowers.
Lonicera x heckrottii Goldflamehoneysuckle Vine; carmine flower buds change color as they open.
Lonicera sempervirens Trumpethoneysuckle Cultivars with yellow, orange, or red flowers.
Loropetulum chinense Chinesewitchhazel
Magnolia grandiflora Southernmagnolia Large, creamy white, fragrant flowers; evergreen
foliage.
Magnolia stellata Starmagnolia Suitableforforcing.
Malus spp. Flowering crabapple Suitableforforcing.
Micheliafigo Banana shrub Adapted to Costal Plain; very fragrant flowers.
Myrica cerifera Waxmyrtle Evergreen foliage. Fragrant.
Myricapensylvanica Northern bayberry Aromatic leaves; gray fruits in winter.
Nandina domestica Heavenly bamboo Red berries in fall, white flowers early summer,
attractivefoliage.
Oxydendron arboreum Sourwood Fragrant white flowers early summer.
Philadelphus coronarius Mock orange Fragrant white flowers late spring.
Physocarpos‘Diablo’ Ninebark Deep maroon leaves all summer.
Pittosporum tobira Japanesepittosporum Fragrant flowers late spring, lustrous foliage year-
round. Zones 8–10.
Poncirus trifoliata Hardy orange Grown for thorny stems. Zones 6–9.
8. //WOODY ORNAMENTALS FOR CUT FLOWER GROWERSPAGE 8
1) Dean, Elizabeth. 1995. Woody plants for cut flowers. p. 10–20. In: Bryan Hayes (ed.)
Speakers’ Notes, ASCFG National Conference. Association of Specialty Cut Flower Grow-
ers, Oberlin, OH.
2) Byczynski, Lynn. 1997. The Flower Farmer. Gardener’s Supply. 224 p.
Available for $24.95 plus shipping and handling from:
Growing for Market
P.O. Box 3747
Lawrence, KS 66046
1-800-307-8949
growing4market@earthlink.net
http://www.growingformarket.com
Prunus spp. Floweringalmonds,plums, Suitableforforcing.
cherries, apricots
Pyracanthacoccinea Scarletfirethorn Attractivefruit.
Pyrus spp. Pears Suitableforforcing.
Rhododendron spp.
Rosa spp. Rose Can be grown specifically for their hips to be cut
infall.
Salixalba Whitewillow Grown for golden stems and red-orange twigs.
Salix caprea Florist’swillow Grownforcatkins.
Salixdiscolor Pussy willow Grownforcatkins.
Salixgracilistyla Rosegold pussy willow Grown for catkins.
Salix irrorata Bluestemwillow
Salixmatsudana Curly willow Grownforinterestingstems.
Salixsachalinensis Japanesefantailwillow CultivarSekkagrownforfantailedstems.
Skimmiajaponica Skimmia Evergreen, aromatic leaves.
Skimmia laureola Skimmia Evergreen foliage, sweet-scented creamy green
flowers.
Spiraea prunifolia Spirea
Spiraea spp. Spirea Many species and cultivars.
Stachyrus praecox Long chains of pale yellow flowers borne in
spring. Very interesting look.
Symphoricarpus alba Common snowberry White,berry-likefruitsareornamental,butoften
discolored.
Symplocospaniculata Sapphireberry Fragrant, creamy white flowers in early summer.
Zones 4–8.
Syringa spp. Lilac Cut for flowers, strip leaves.
Ulmus alata Wingedelm Grown for stems with corky wings. Store dry.
Viburnum spp. Viburnums, snowball Many species and cultivars grown for flowers,
leaves, and fruits.
Vitex spp. Chastetree Flowers range from lilac and lavender through
pink and white.
Weigela florida Weigela Many cultivars grown for flowers.
REFERENCES
9. //WOODY ORNAMENTALS FOR CUT FLOWER GROWERS PAGE 9
3) Fulton, Will. 1990. Harvesting and shipping woody ornamentals. p. 45–49. In: Association
of Specialty Cut Flower Growers, Inc. (ed.) Grown With Pride in the U.S.A., Proceedings of
the 3rd National Conference on Specialty Cut Flowers, September 23–26, 1990, Ventura,
CA.
4) Shenk, Nancy and Bob Shenk. 2002. Forcing branches. Fine Gardening. January–Febru-
ary. p. 43–45.
5) Jenkins, David F. 1991. Woody plants as cut flowers. p. 68–74. In: Proceedings of the 4th
National Conference on Specialty Cut Flowers. Association of Specialty Cut Flower Grow-
ers, Oberlin, OH.
6) Dole, John M. and Harold F. Wilkins. 1999. Floriculture: Principles and Species. Prentice
Hall. 617 p.
7) Greer, Lane. 2002. Woody Cuts. Presentation at the Southern Sustainable Agriculture
Working Group Annual Conference, January 26 and 27, Chattanooga, TN.
8) Armitage, Allen M. 1993. Specialty Cut Flowers: The Production of Annuals, Perennials,
Bulbs and Woody Plants for Fresh and Dried Cut Flowers. Varsity Press/Timber Press,
Portland, OR. 392 p.
9) Association of Specialty Cut Flower Growers
Judy Laushman, Executive Director
M.P.O. Box 0268
Oberlin, OH 44074
440-774-2887
440-774-2435 Fax
http://www.ascfg.org
10) American Nurseryman
American Nurseryman Publishing Co.
77 W. Washington Street
Suite 2100
Chicago, IL 60602
312-782-5505
http://www.amerinursery.com
10. //WOODY ORNAMENTALS FOR CUT FLOWER GROWERSPAGE 10
ENCLOSURES
Byczynski, Lynn. 1993. Woody ornamentals: Money from trees? Growing for Market. March.
p. 1, 4–5.
Ciensinki, Susie. 2002. Pussy willows. Organic Gardening. January–February. p. 19–21.
Dean, Elizabeth. 1995. Woody plants for cut flowers. p. 10–20. In: Bryan Hayes (ed.) Speak-
ers’ Notes, ASCFG National Conference. Association of Specialty Cut Flower Growers,
Oberlin, OH.
Eisel, Mervin C. 1988. Deciduous woody plants for the florist trade. p. 57–64. In: Commercial
Field Production of Cut and Dried Flowers. Center for Alternative Crops and Products, St.
Paul, MN.
Fulton, Will. 1990. Harvesting and shipping woody ornamentals. p. 45–49. In: Association of
Specialty Cut Flower Growers, Inc. (ed.) Grown With Pride in the U.S.A., Proceedings of
the 3rd National Conference on Specialty Cut Flowers, September 23–26, 1990. Ventura,
CA.
Jenkins, David F. 1991. Woody plants as cut flowers. p. 68–74. In: Proceedings of the 4th
- National Conference on Specialty Cut Flowers. Association of Specialty Cut Flower Grow-
ers, Oberlin, OH.
Shenk, Nancy and Bob. 2002. Forcing branches. Fine Gardening. Janurary–February. p. 43–45.
Simeone, Vinnie. 2001. Cutback shrubs: Great potential for cut flowers and foliage. The Cut
Flower Quarterly. July. p. 21–22.
Bir, Richard E. 1992. Growing and Propagating Showy Native Woody Plants. The University
of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC. 192 p.
Dirr, Michael A. 1998. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants: Their Identification, Ornamental
Characteristics, Culture, Propagation, and Uses. 5th
Ed. Stipes Publishing LLC. 1250 p.
Fisher, Kathleen. 2000. Taylor’s Guide to Shrubs. Houghton Mifflin. 441 p.
Poor, Janet Beakin and Nancy Peterson Brewster, eds. 1996. Plants That Merit Attention:
Volume II—Shrubs. Timber Press.
Wilson, Jim and Guy Sternberg. 1995. Landscaping with Native Trees. Chapters Publishing
Ltd. 288 p.
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
11. //WOODY ORNAMENTALS FOR CUT FLOWER GROWERS PAGE 11
The electronic version of Woody Ornamentals for Cut Flower
Growers is located at:
HTML
http://www.attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/woodyornamentals.html
PDF
http://www.attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/PDF/woodyornamentals.pdf
By Janet Bachmann
NCAT Agriculture Specialist
Edited by Richard Earles
Formatted by Ashley Hill
All photographic elements in this publication, except where otherwise noted, are the prop-
erty of Lane Greer and are used here with permission.
CT 163