ATTRA is a national sustainable agriculture information service operated by NCAT through a USDA grant. It provides information but does not endorse any products or companies. NCAT has offices in Arkansas, Montana, and California. Sorghum syrup is made from processing the juice of sweet sorghum stalks. It takes 8 gallons of juice to make 1 gallon of syrup. Specialized equipment is needed to extract the juice and evaporate it into syrup.
Sweet sorghum is a plant grown for its juice, which is extracted and boiled down into sorghum syrup. Specialized equipment is needed to mill the juice from the stalks and evaporate the water to make syrup. Sorghum syrup is a natural sweetener made from certain varieties of sorghum that are taller than grain sorghums and reach over 12 feet. The document provides information on growing, processing, and marketing sorghum syrup as a small farm enterprise and natural sweetener.
This document provides information about seed saving libraries and seed saving, including lists of seed saving libraries located across the US, difficulty levels for saving different types of seeds, isolation distances required for different plant varieties, potential seed saving and gardening classes that could be offered, and links to additional seed saving resources like websites, videos, books, and seed companies.
This document discusses edamame, the immature green soybean popular in Asian cuisine. Edamame production is similar to field soybeans but uses larger-seeded varieties suited for the fresh market. Edamame is harvested earlier at peak quality when pods are bright green and filled with immature beans. It is marketed either as whole plants, just pods, or shelled beans fresh or frozen.
Banana is an important crop in Sindh province of Pakistan, where it is extensively grown. Sindh accounts for 87% of banana cultivation in Pakistan and produces over 127,000 tons annually. The document discusses banana cultivation requirements, harvesting techniques, post-harvest handling and losses, value addition opportunities, major growing districts and varieties in Sindh, as well as market and SWOT analyses of the banana sector in Sindh. It concludes with FAO statistics on world banana imports, exports, and prices.
Grapes are an important crop that are grown worldwide and influence culture in various ways. They can grow in a wide range of soil and climate conditions. Most grapes are grown in rows and require pruning. After harvesting, grapes may be eaten fresh, processed into wine, or dried. Grapes contribute economically by providing jobs and revenue from sales. They also offer potential health benefits. An annual grape festival in South America allows people to experience vineyard work and try new grape products. Grapes are incorporated into various recipes from pies and cobblers to coffee cakes. Overall, grapes have significant impacts on agriculture, economics, culture and cuisine globally.
Agritourism in Massachusettts: It's Role as an Economic Development StrategyChris Kluchman
Presentation of research conducted in the summer of 2008 of 14 farmers from around Massachusetts. We explored the reasons farmers employed agrotourism or "agtivities" to draw customers to their farms. The presentation includes findings of common themes from the interviews, an overview of each famr operation and suggestions for local governments to assist farmers in boosting their farm-based revenues.
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on October 28, 2015 at RDMIC Bldg., Elliptical Rd. cor. Visayas Ave., Diliman, Quezon City
THIS IS ALL ABOUT THE BANANA. THE BENEFITS OF BANANA IN MALAYSIA INDUSTRY. WHAT ARE THE PROCESS OF MAKING BANANA AND WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF BANANA THAT CAN BE FOUND IN MALAYSIA. WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF BANANA IN MALAYSIA. HOW CAN BANANA IMPROVES MALAYSIA'S INDUSTRIAL AREA
Sweet sorghum is a plant grown for its juice, which is extracted and boiled down into sorghum syrup. Specialized equipment is needed to mill the juice from the stalks and evaporate the water to make syrup. Sorghum syrup is a natural sweetener made from certain varieties of sorghum that are taller than grain sorghums and reach over 12 feet. The document provides information on growing, processing, and marketing sorghum syrup as a small farm enterprise and natural sweetener.
This document provides information about seed saving libraries and seed saving, including lists of seed saving libraries located across the US, difficulty levels for saving different types of seeds, isolation distances required for different plant varieties, potential seed saving and gardening classes that could be offered, and links to additional seed saving resources like websites, videos, books, and seed companies.
This document discusses edamame, the immature green soybean popular in Asian cuisine. Edamame production is similar to field soybeans but uses larger-seeded varieties suited for the fresh market. Edamame is harvested earlier at peak quality when pods are bright green and filled with immature beans. It is marketed either as whole plants, just pods, or shelled beans fresh or frozen.
Banana is an important crop in Sindh province of Pakistan, where it is extensively grown. Sindh accounts for 87% of banana cultivation in Pakistan and produces over 127,000 tons annually. The document discusses banana cultivation requirements, harvesting techniques, post-harvest handling and losses, value addition opportunities, major growing districts and varieties in Sindh, as well as market and SWOT analyses of the banana sector in Sindh. It concludes with FAO statistics on world banana imports, exports, and prices.
Grapes are an important crop that are grown worldwide and influence culture in various ways. They can grow in a wide range of soil and climate conditions. Most grapes are grown in rows and require pruning. After harvesting, grapes may be eaten fresh, processed into wine, or dried. Grapes contribute economically by providing jobs and revenue from sales. They also offer potential health benefits. An annual grape festival in South America allows people to experience vineyard work and try new grape products. Grapes are incorporated into various recipes from pies and cobblers to coffee cakes. Overall, grapes have significant impacts on agriculture, economics, culture and cuisine globally.
Agritourism in Massachusettts: It's Role as an Economic Development StrategyChris Kluchman
Presentation of research conducted in the summer of 2008 of 14 farmers from around Massachusetts. We explored the reasons farmers employed agrotourism or "agtivities" to draw customers to their farms. The presentation includes findings of common themes from the interviews, an overview of each famr operation and suggestions for local governments to assist farmers in boosting their farm-based revenues.
Presentation during the Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) Seminar Series on October 28, 2015 at RDMIC Bldg., Elliptical Rd. cor. Visayas Ave., Diliman, Quezon City
THIS IS ALL ABOUT THE BANANA. THE BENEFITS OF BANANA IN MALAYSIA INDUSTRY. WHAT ARE THE PROCESS OF MAKING BANANA AND WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF BANANA THAT CAN BE FOUND IN MALAYSIA. WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF BANANA IN MALAYSIA. HOW CAN BANANA IMPROVES MALAYSIA'S INDUSTRIAL AREA
The following articles are entries from the personal weblog of Director Dennis Cunanan of Philippine Dairy, Aquafisheries, and Farms (PDAF), updated regularly for regular readers for public awareness and for partners in co-branding for PDAF’s advocacy. Grass Roots will contain Dennis Cunanan’s inputs on the agricultural sector; links and excerpts from pertinent reference documents, such as Philippine laws and press releases from both private and public stakeholders; and inspirational stories, testaments from the organization’s namesake grassroots farmers and fisherfolk.
This document provides an overview and acknowledgments for a manual titled "What Cut Flower Is That?". It discusses that the manual was created as a learning resource for florists and the floral industry. It contains profiles of over 110 cut flowers and 30 foliage products, covering details like names, availability, vase life, and care instructions. The manual was funded by the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation and WildFlowers Australia Ltd. It incorporates information from previous publications and was reviewed by numerous industry experts.
The raisin industry in California began by accident in 1873 due to an extreme heat wave that dried grapes on the vines, creating the first raisin crop. The passage describes the multi-step process of harvesting grapes and drying them into raisins through exposure to sun before being packaged and sent to market. Workers carefully pick, sort, and dry grapes in vineyards and processing facilities undergo several stages to ensure raisins have the proper moisture level before packaging.
This document provides an overview of grape cultivation and winemaking. It discusses the types of grapes grown for wine and table use. It also outlines the yearly vineyard maintenance cycle, from pruning in winter to harvesting in fall. The final stages of winemaking are also summarized, from crushing the grapes to fermentation and bottling.
Rice breeder Dr. Glenn Gregorio is developing salt tolerant rice varieties to help farmers in India, Bangladesh, Burma and parts of Africa whose lands are increasingly affected by sea water intrusion due to climate change and rising sea levels. Salt tolerant rice could help poor farmers whose marginal lands suffer most from the effects of salinity maintain their livelihoods growing rice. Developing rice varieties that can withstand multiple climate stresses simultaneously, like salinity combined with drought or nutrient deficiencies, presents challenges. But new plant breeding technologies may help create rice perfectly adapted to each location's unique combination of stresses.
Yolo County Farm Bureau - Celebrating 100 Yearsjonsagara
The document provides information about various agricultural crops and activities in Yolo County. It discusses the top 10 crops by production including tomatoes, grapes, rice, alfalfa, walnuts, almonds, organic production, field corn, sunflower seeds, and wheat. It also summarizes worker safety training programs and agricultural education programs hosted by the Yolo County Farm Bureau, including National Ag Week celebrations, a farm connection day, scholarships, and fair booth displays.
Organic Pumpkin and Winter Squash Marketing and ProductionGardening
The National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service (ATTRA) provides information on organic production and marketing of pumpkins and winter squash. ATTRA was developed by the National Center for Appropriate Technology and is funded by the USDA. The document discusses the taxonomy and varieties of pumpkins and winter squash, and provides information on production practices like planting, weed control, and pest management. It also covers harvesting, storage, and marketing considerations for both culinary varieties and ornamental types.
Organic Pumpkin and Winter Squash Marketing and ProductionElisaMendelsohn
This document provides an overview of organic production and marketing of pumpkins and winter squash. It discusses the taxonomy and varieties of different pumpkin and squash species, including those commonly used for culinary purposes, ornamental purposes, and commercial canning. The document covers production topics like planting, soil management, weed control, and pest management, as well as post-harvest handling and marketing considerations for different varieties.
Peanuts are planted in April and harvested 120-160 days later. They are roasted, shelled, and ground into peanut butter. Peanut butter is most famously used in PB&J sandwiches but also in many baked goods. A classic recipe is for peanut butter cookies, which are made by creaming butter and sugars together before mixing in peanut butter, eggs, and dry ingredients. Peanut butter festivals celebrate the popular spread with activities like cook-offs and contests.
This document provides information and project ideas for conserving heirloom apple varieties. It begins with an overview of why apple biodiversity is important and examples of projects undertaken by Slow Food chapters. These include promoting local varieties like the Gravenstein apple in California and planting heirloom varieties at schools and public spaces. Later sections provide profiles of individual chapter projects, an apple vocabulary, and ideas for activities like apple tastings, orchard field trips, and collecting scionwood from abandoned trees to identify and propagate rare varieties. The goal is to educate communities and reverse the loss of apple genetic diversity in the US.
This document summarizes information about property, activities, attractions, currency exchange, shopping, and dining in Jamaica. It describes a 6,000 square foot main house with 3 bedrooms and 3.5 bathrooms located on the property along with 3 additional 1-bedroom guest cottages. Popular activities mentioned include zip lining, paddle boarding, rainforest adventures, and horseback riding. Information is provided about currency exchange rates between the US dollar and Jamaican dollar. Several shopping centers and popular Jamaican foods are also outlined.
This document provides information on various agriculture-related events, organizations, and resources in California's Central Valley region. It highlights upcoming farmers markets, heat safety tips for outdoor workers, scholarships for students interested in agriculture careers, and recommends following social media accounts of local farms and agriculture organizations. The document also promotes a weekly radio show and TV program about agriculture in the Central Valley and thanks various organization for their support of local farmers.
This document summarizes information about property, activities, attractions, cuisine, shopping, and weather in Montego Bay, Jamaica. It describes a 3 bedroom, 3.5 bathroom home on 6,000 square feet of land with 3 guest cottages priced at over $1.9 million USD. It lists activities like zip lining, paddle boarding, and horseback riding. Popular attractions include Dunn's Falls River, Rick's Cafe, and Doctors Cave Beach. It provides details on currency exchange, popular foods like jerk seasoning and blue mountain coffee, and shopping areas such as The Shoppes at Rose Hall and Bay West Shopping Centre.
Nearly half of peanuts in the US are grown in Georgia, where there are about 14,000 farms and 4,500 peanut farmers, with Sylvester being the peanut capital. There are four main types of peanuts - Runner, Spanish, Valencia, and Virginia - which are used for products like peanut butter, candies, oil, and roasted shells. Famous scientist George Washington Carver created over 300 uses for peanuts such as coffee, ink, and other household items.
Sourwood honey is produced from the nectar of sourwood trees, which are indigenous to the Appalachian region of the eastern United States. Production of sourwood honey is challenging due to the short bloom period of the sourwood trees and their scarce populations. Several organizations are working to promote conservation of sourwood trees and expansion of sourwood honey production through reforestation, education, and supporting beekeepers.
This document provides information on producing and marketing edible flowers. It discusses that edible flowers are best grown as part of a diversified operation along with other crops like herbs and lettuce. Organic production is important to avoid chemical residues on flowers. Popular edible flower varieties are listed. Flowers should be harvested fully open and cooled before storage. Some flowers like violas and pansies can be stored for a week to 10 days under refrigeration. Highly toxic non-edible flowers are identified. Marketing strategies suggest assessing the local restaurant market and maintaining consistent supply.
From Bean to Mug: The Coffee Process by Barry FischettoBarry Fischetto
Do you ever look down at your cup of coffee in the morning and wonder how exactly it made its way from the ground to your mug? Well, now you have, so check out Barry Fischetto's presentation on that exact process.
Describes the goals behind our 1,000 Backyard Farm campaign, along with a brief review of several other similar local food movements, economic implications, and ideas for the new backyard farmer association.
How Do You Google? 4 Actions to Personal and Professional Search Engine Optim...kolbygoodman
4 Actions to Personal and Professional Search Engine Optimization. Setting up a personal or vanity URL. Using Social Networks responsibly. Why you need a LinkedIn Profile. Setting up Google Alerts.
The following articles are entries from the personal weblog of Director Dennis Cunanan of Philippine Dairy, Aquafisheries, and Farms (PDAF), updated regularly for regular readers for public awareness and for partners in co-branding for PDAF’s advocacy. Grass Roots will contain Dennis Cunanan’s inputs on the agricultural sector; links and excerpts from pertinent reference documents, such as Philippine laws and press releases from both private and public stakeholders; and inspirational stories, testaments from the organization’s namesake grassroots farmers and fisherfolk.
This document provides an overview and acknowledgments for a manual titled "What Cut Flower Is That?". It discusses that the manual was created as a learning resource for florists and the floral industry. It contains profiles of over 110 cut flowers and 30 foliage products, covering details like names, availability, vase life, and care instructions. The manual was funded by the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation and WildFlowers Australia Ltd. It incorporates information from previous publications and was reviewed by numerous industry experts.
The raisin industry in California began by accident in 1873 due to an extreme heat wave that dried grapes on the vines, creating the first raisin crop. The passage describes the multi-step process of harvesting grapes and drying them into raisins through exposure to sun before being packaged and sent to market. Workers carefully pick, sort, and dry grapes in vineyards and processing facilities undergo several stages to ensure raisins have the proper moisture level before packaging.
This document provides an overview of grape cultivation and winemaking. It discusses the types of grapes grown for wine and table use. It also outlines the yearly vineyard maintenance cycle, from pruning in winter to harvesting in fall. The final stages of winemaking are also summarized, from crushing the grapes to fermentation and bottling.
Rice breeder Dr. Glenn Gregorio is developing salt tolerant rice varieties to help farmers in India, Bangladesh, Burma and parts of Africa whose lands are increasingly affected by sea water intrusion due to climate change and rising sea levels. Salt tolerant rice could help poor farmers whose marginal lands suffer most from the effects of salinity maintain their livelihoods growing rice. Developing rice varieties that can withstand multiple climate stresses simultaneously, like salinity combined with drought or nutrient deficiencies, presents challenges. But new plant breeding technologies may help create rice perfectly adapted to each location's unique combination of stresses.
Yolo County Farm Bureau - Celebrating 100 Yearsjonsagara
The document provides information about various agricultural crops and activities in Yolo County. It discusses the top 10 crops by production including tomatoes, grapes, rice, alfalfa, walnuts, almonds, organic production, field corn, sunflower seeds, and wheat. It also summarizes worker safety training programs and agricultural education programs hosted by the Yolo County Farm Bureau, including National Ag Week celebrations, a farm connection day, scholarships, and fair booth displays.
Organic Pumpkin and Winter Squash Marketing and ProductionGardening
The National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service (ATTRA) provides information on organic production and marketing of pumpkins and winter squash. ATTRA was developed by the National Center for Appropriate Technology and is funded by the USDA. The document discusses the taxonomy and varieties of pumpkins and winter squash, and provides information on production practices like planting, weed control, and pest management. It also covers harvesting, storage, and marketing considerations for both culinary varieties and ornamental types.
Organic Pumpkin and Winter Squash Marketing and ProductionElisaMendelsohn
This document provides an overview of organic production and marketing of pumpkins and winter squash. It discusses the taxonomy and varieties of different pumpkin and squash species, including those commonly used for culinary purposes, ornamental purposes, and commercial canning. The document covers production topics like planting, soil management, weed control, and pest management, as well as post-harvest handling and marketing considerations for different varieties.
Peanuts are planted in April and harvested 120-160 days later. They are roasted, shelled, and ground into peanut butter. Peanut butter is most famously used in PB&J sandwiches but also in many baked goods. A classic recipe is for peanut butter cookies, which are made by creaming butter and sugars together before mixing in peanut butter, eggs, and dry ingredients. Peanut butter festivals celebrate the popular spread with activities like cook-offs and contests.
This document provides information and project ideas for conserving heirloom apple varieties. It begins with an overview of why apple biodiversity is important and examples of projects undertaken by Slow Food chapters. These include promoting local varieties like the Gravenstein apple in California and planting heirloom varieties at schools and public spaces. Later sections provide profiles of individual chapter projects, an apple vocabulary, and ideas for activities like apple tastings, orchard field trips, and collecting scionwood from abandoned trees to identify and propagate rare varieties. The goal is to educate communities and reverse the loss of apple genetic diversity in the US.
This document summarizes information about property, activities, attractions, currency exchange, shopping, and dining in Jamaica. It describes a 6,000 square foot main house with 3 bedrooms and 3.5 bathrooms located on the property along with 3 additional 1-bedroom guest cottages. Popular activities mentioned include zip lining, paddle boarding, rainforest adventures, and horseback riding. Information is provided about currency exchange rates between the US dollar and Jamaican dollar. Several shopping centers and popular Jamaican foods are also outlined.
This document provides information on various agriculture-related events, organizations, and resources in California's Central Valley region. It highlights upcoming farmers markets, heat safety tips for outdoor workers, scholarships for students interested in agriculture careers, and recommends following social media accounts of local farms and agriculture organizations. The document also promotes a weekly radio show and TV program about agriculture in the Central Valley and thanks various organization for their support of local farmers.
This document summarizes information about property, activities, attractions, cuisine, shopping, and weather in Montego Bay, Jamaica. It describes a 3 bedroom, 3.5 bathroom home on 6,000 square feet of land with 3 guest cottages priced at over $1.9 million USD. It lists activities like zip lining, paddle boarding, and horseback riding. Popular attractions include Dunn's Falls River, Rick's Cafe, and Doctors Cave Beach. It provides details on currency exchange, popular foods like jerk seasoning and blue mountain coffee, and shopping areas such as The Shoppes at Rose Hall and Bay West Shopping Centre.
Nearly half of peanuts in the US are grown in Georgia, where there are about 14,000 farms and 4,500 peanut farmers, with Sylvester being the peanut capital. There are four main types of peanuts - Runner, Spanish, Valencia, and Virginia - which are used for products like peanut butter, candies, oil, and roasted shells. Famous scientist George Washington Carver created over 300 uses for peanuts such as coffee, ink, and other household items.
Sourwood honey is produced from the nectar of sourwood trees, which are indigenous to the Appalachian region of the eastern United States. Production of sourwood honey is challenging due to the short bloom period of the sourwood trees and their scarce populations. Several organizations are working to promote conservation of sourwood trees and expansion of sourwood honey production through reforestation, education, and supporting beekeepers.
This document provides information on producing and marketing edible flowers. It discusses that edible flowers are best grown as part of a diversified operation along with other crops like herbs and lettuce. Organic production is important to avoid chemical residues on flowers. Popular edible flower varieties are listed. Flowers should be harvested fully open and cooled before storage. Some flowers like violas and pansies can be stored for a week to 10 days under refrigeration. Highly toxic non-edible flowers are identified. Marketing strategies suggest assessing the local restaurant market and maintaining consistent supply.
From Bean to Mug: The Coffee Process by Barry FischettoBarry Fischetto
Do you ever look down at your cup of coffee in the morning and wonder how exactly it made its way from the ground to your mug? Well, now you have, so check out Barry Fischetto's presentation on that exact process.
Describes the goals behind our 1,000 Backyard Farm campaign, along with a brief review of several other similar local food movements, economic implications, and ideas for the new backyard farmer association.
How Do You Google? 4 Actions to Personal and Professional Search Engine Optim...kolbygoodman
4 Actions to Personal and Professional Search Engine Optimization. Setting up a personal or vanity URL. Using Social Networks responsibly. Why you need a LinkedIn Profile. Setting up Google Alerts.
This document appears to be a website domain for a company called xeedesign. The domain www.xeedesign.com likely belongs to a design firm or individual designer. Unfortunately there is no other context or information provided in the given text to form a more descriptive summary.
This document summarizes the services provided by Aman Travels Limited, a 21-year-old travel and tourism company with an annual turnover of Rs. 150 crores. It offers a wide range of travel products and services through four outlets in Delhi and Mumbai. It has a team of 125 professionals and 10 resident marketing managers stationed across India and abroad. The company operates an online B2B portal with over 150,000 hotel listings and has ties with several international tourism boards. It provides flights, hotels, packages, MICE services, visa/passport services, currency exchange and overseas insurance. Customers can book travel through a user-friendly online portal and interface.
The Meditech MD100 SPO2 Module is a small, low-power oxygen monitor module that can measure blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate in adults, infants, and newborns. It has enhanced signal processing capabilities, operates on 5V voltage, and can display oxygen saturation and pulse rate data. The module is compatible with BCI probes and transmits data via a TTL/RS232 serial port.
Reed Connelly is an outgoing, creative, and driven individual who has used these qualities to excel in both customer service roles like as a Miller Brewery tour guide, connecting with and entertaining guests, as well as marketing for the Milwaukee Brewers. Reed pursues dreams relentlessly through a strong work ethic and willingness to learn, constantly striving to better himself and doing whatever it takes to succeed.
This document is a website URL for www.xeedesign.com/xeedesign. The website appears to be related to design, potentially for a company called Xee Design. In 3 sentences or less, that is the essential information this document provides.
This document provides tips and guidelines for decorating a condo space. It discusses evaluating your needs and lifestyle, creating a budget, and planning a schedule. It also gives specific decorating tips for small spaces, such as using mirrors to make hallways feel more open and investing in storage systems. The document is divided into chapters that provide details on how to decorate different areas of a condo, including using mirrors, decorating small spaces, and making a studio unit functional.
El documento presenta tres preguntas sobre animales. La primera pregunta es sobre un animal pequeño y fuerte que puede cargar diez veces su propio peso, y la respuesta correcta es hormiga. La segunda pregunta es sobre un animal rápido y fuerte llamado el rey de la selva, y la respuesta es león. La tercera pregunta es sobre un fruto blanco por dentro y café por fuera, y la respuesta es coco.
This document discusses several image editing effects including Black & White, 3D Button, Oil Paint, and Pixilize effects that can be applied in image editing software to alter the appearance of photos. Negative effects are also listed but no details are provided about what they involve. The document is brief and lists the effect names without descriptions of how each one transforms images.
This document provides information about customized hygiene kits that can be assembled with various personal care products. It lists two pre-assembled hygiene kits that are available at discounted prices compared to competitors. It then describes that customized kits can be assembled with individually selected products like toothbrushes, toothpaste, soap, shampoo, lotion, razors, and more. A video and list of typical hygiene kit items is also included. Contact information is provided to inquire about customized kits.
This document appears to be a website domain for a company called xeedesign. The domain www.xeedesign.com likely belongs to a design firm or individual designer. Unfortunately there is no other context or information provided in the document to give a more detailed summary.
This document provides an overview of embedded systems and their applications. It defines embedded systems as a combination of hardware and software that forms a component of a larger machine. Embedded systems are designed to run without human intervention and may need to respond to events in real time. Examples given include microprocessors that control automobiles and appliances. Application areas discussed include consumer products, medical devices, office equipment, tools, transportation, buildings, agriculture, and space systems. The document notes that the average US household has over 10 embedded computers and that embedded systems now make up 90% of all systems compared to just 10% for standard computers. Microcontrollers are introduced as single-chip CPUs with integrated timers, I/O, RAM and sometimes ROM.
This document provides information on growing amaranth as a grain crop. It details that amaranth grain can be popped, flaked, or ground into flour and is used in over 40 products in the US. It grows well in the midwest and western US and is drought tolerant. Yields typically range from 600 to 1200 pounds per acre. The document provides information on organizations that support amaranth production and marketing, including The Amaranth Institute and The Jefferson Institute. It also lists publications and manuals on amaranth production.
The document discusses sustainable dry bean production. It explains that sustainable farming systems rely on techniques like crop rotations, cover crops, and integrated pest management to maintain soil health and minimize pests. For dry bean production to be sustainable, practices like reduced tillage and maintaining ground cover are important to prevent erosion and soil organic matter depletion. The core of a sustainable system is building and conserving soil. Reduced chemical weed control is one of the biggest challenges, and can be addressed through crop rotations and establishing thick bean stands with narrow rows. Several organizations are mentioned that provide resources on dry bean production, marketing, and research.
Edamame is the Japanese name for green vegetable soybeans. It is a traditional food popular in Asia that is becoming more popular in the United States. Edamame production is similar to traditional soybean production but requires larger seed sizes. It is harvested earlier when the pods and beans are still green and immature. Edamame can be marketed as whole plants, pods only, or shelled beans. Production costs are highest for harvesting and handling, and markets need to prioritize freshness for sales within 200 miles.
This document discusses the production and marketing of edible soybeans. Edible soybeans differ from field soybeans in traits that make them more suitable for foods like tofu and tempeh. Organically grown edible soybeans can sell for $10-$17 per bushel. It is important for farmers to find buyers before planting since most edible soybeans are contract grown. Varieties suitable for the Asian tofu market and information on contracting organizations are provided.
Grain Processing: Adding Value to Farm ProductsGardening
This document summarizes information from a publication about value-added grain processing options for farmers. It provides examples of farmers who have successfully started grain processing businesses through activities like milling flour, making additional grain products, and producing animal feed. The examples discuss challenges faced and keys to success, such as learning regulations, ensuring product quality, and understanding the costs associated with processing, packaging, and marketing farm products. Cooperatives are also mentioned as an option to help farmers add value.
Carmen Fernholz transitioned from conventional cash cropping to organic farming in order to find a more profitable and sustainable enterprise. He now grows organic crops like barley, oats and soybeans, and raises 800-1200 hogs per year. After over 20 years of experience with organic farming, he got his farm certified in 1994. By marketing his own crops and animals directly, Fernholz is able to keep his small operation competitive.
This document provides information about amaranth production, including that amaranth is a grain crop that can be popped, flaked, or ground into flour. It is well-adapted to the midwestern and western US. The document discusses organizations that support amaranth production and research, such as the Amaranth Institute and Jefferson Institute. It also provides references for further resources on amaranth production, marketing, and seed sources.
This document provides an overview of organic tree fruit production. It discusses ATTRA, which is a sustainable agriculture information service operated by USDA. The document then discusses organic fruit production, marketing and economic considerations, and planning and planting an organic orchard. It covers topics like site selection, crop and variety selection, rootstock selection, orchard design, and more. The goal is to introduce key issues for commercial organic production of tree fruits to help growers make informed decisions about orchard design and management.
This document discusses organic herb production in the United States. It provides an overview of research into organic herb production, including projects funded by USDA SARE grants. It also summarizes regulations for organic certification and highlights some of the challenges for beginning organic herb producers, such as the years of experience needed to successfully grow and market herb crops.
This publication provides an overview of organic greenhouse tomato production. It discusses the importance of education, marketing research, and producing a consistently healthy crop. Maintaining optimal fertilization, moisture, and pest management can increase yields. Information includes organic management methods for major diseases and pests, organic fertilizer recommendations, and additional resources. The document emphasizes scheduling crops appropriately to hit niche winter markets when field tomatoes are not available.
This guide provides an overview of organic greenhouse tomato production. Key aspects discussed include the importance of education and marketing research, scheduling crops to hit premium price periods, and using soilless media or soil with organic amendments to avoid disease buildup. Maintaining rigorous pest management through sanitation, ventilation for humidity control, and using disease-resistant varieties are emphasized. Specific organic management methods are outlined for major diseases and pests affecting greenhouse tomatoes.
Specialty Cut Flower Production and MarketingGardening
Specialty cut flowers are a profitable option for small- and large-scale farms to diversify and increase sustainability. Farmers' markets are a popular direct marketing channel for specialty cut flowers. The Fayetteville Farmers' Market in Arkansas features many vendors selling high-quality cut flowers throughout the growing season, including alliums, asters, dahlias, sunflowers and zinnias in summer. Tips for selling cut flowers at farmers' markets include having an attractive display, clear pricing, engaging with customers, and ensuring high flower quality and longevity.
The document discusses two methods for producing wheatgrass: the bed method and the field method. The bed method involves growing seeds in shallow beds of soil and peat moss/vermiculite. The field method involves growing wheatgrass in soil for a longer period to increase nutritional value. Proper sanitation is critical to avoid contamination, as sprouts have been linked to foodborne illness. Producers must follow regulations and maintain records to reduce liability risks.
This document provides an overview of organic sweet corn production. It discusses key aspects such as varieties, soil fertility, crop rotations, weed control, insect pest management, diseases, harvesting, postharvest handling, marketing and economics. The summary focuses on organic farming practices for sweet corn including relying on crop rotations, cover crops, compost and organic fertilizers for soil fertility and pest management. It also discusses National Organic Program certification requirements and challenges with weed and insect control in organic systems.
This document provides an overview of organic sweet corn production, including key aspects such as varieties, soil fertility, crop rotations, weed control, insect pest management, diseases, harvesting, postharvest handling, marketing and economics. It discusses organic farming practices like using crop rotations, cover crops, compost and organic fertilizers to build soil fertility and manage pests without synthetic pesticides. The document also provides resources for further information on organic sweet corn production.
This document provides information on producing wheatgrass through two methods: the bed method and field method. The bed method involves growing seeds in shallow beds of soil and peat moss or vermiculite, while the field method involves growing the grass longer in soil. Proper sanitation, storage, and liability insurance are important due to food safety risks. The document also discusses marketing wheatgrass and lists resources for further information.
ATTRA is the national sustainable agriculture information service operated by the USDA. It provides information on edible soybean production through publications and articles. Edible soybeans differ from field soybeans in traits like larger seed size and milder flavor. They are often grown under contract and prices can range from $10-17 per bushel for organic beans. Successful production requires finding a buyer before planting to ensure the crop can be sold.
This document provides information on sustainable dry bean production practices. It discusses how sustainable farming relies on crop rotations, cover crops, compost and manures to supply nutrients and minimize pests. While herbicides and pesticides are not excluded, alternative practices are considered first. The document includes attachments on weed management, varieties suited to different regions, and marketing dry beans. It aims to support farmers in adopting sustainable practices for dry bean production.
ICRISAT Research Program West and Central Africa 2016 Highlights- First Multi...ICRISAT
A tasty treat for man and beast is being made even sweeter for all consumers thanks to a breeding program at ICRISAT-Mali. The latest improved varieties of sweet sorghum can be used to supply juice for
syrup, bioethanol and beer production as well as being enjoyed in more traditional grain forms by growers and as fodder by their livestock.
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The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
1. ATTRA is the national sustainable agriculture information service, operated by the National Center
for Appropriate Technology through a grant from the Rural Business-Cooperative Service, U.S.
Department of Agriculture. These organizations do not recommend or endorse products, companies,
or individuals. NCAT has offices in Fayetteville, Arkansas (P.O. Box 3657, Fayetteville, AR 72702),
Butte, Montana, and Davis, California.
Steve Diver
Updated by Julia Sampson
NCAT Agriculture Specialists
March 2003
SORGHUM SYRUP
Sorghum syrup is a natural sweetener made by processing juice squeezed from the stalks of certain
types of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) called sweet sorghum or sorgo. Sweet sorghum is grown for
syrup or forage, whereas most other sorghums, commonly referred to as milos or kafirs, are grown
for grain. Sweet sorghums resemble grain sorghum at maturity except that they are about three
times taller, reaching a height of 12 feet or more.
Specialized milling equipment is necessary to extract the juice, and evaporative pans with heating
units are used to steam off excess water, leaving syrup. It takes about 8 gallons of juice to make 1
gallon of syrup.
The correct label for sorghum syrup is “sorghum syrup” or “pure sorghum.” Molasses, unsulphured
molasses, cane molasses, and cane syrup are byproducts of sugarcane processing and sugar crystal-
lization. “Sorghum molasses” is a blend of sorghum syrup and sugarcane molasses.
Sweet sorghum is ideally suited to the small diversified farm. The seed heads (which are cut off
prior to processing) can be fed to chickens. The grain, leaves, and stalks of sweet sorghum can be
fed to ruminant livestock. Bagasse, the organic waste from sorghum syrup processing, can also be
fed to livestock, or composted and returned to the fields.
Traditionally, the use of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides is minimal or eliminated altogether
in the production of sorghum syrup. Farmers raising sweet sorghum will need to use good cultural
practices—such as crop rotations, cover crops, and timely cultivation—to avoid weed problems.
Some growers may want to tap into the burgeoning organically grown niche market.
Yields of 200 to 300 gallons of syrup per acre are possible, though 120–130 gallons is an average
yield. Wholesale prices for sorghum syrup run about $12–$15 per gallon. In a crop budget analysis
done by the Kerr Center in Oklahoma, a sorghum enterprise realized profitable returns to land and
management at a yield of 112 gallons per acre selling for $18 per gallon (1). Many small-scale
growers aim for $30 per gallon. Niche marketing, smaller jars, and fancy labeling are methods used
to achieve this goal.
In the past, sorghum mills were a common feature of southern agriculture. Farmers could process
their crop at local mills, often on a share arrangement with the mill owner. One of the biggest
challenges facing new producers today is the lack of milling equipment. Most growers rely on used
equipment manufactured decades ago for the sorghum syrup and sugarcane industries.
CURRENT TOPIC
2. //SORGHUM SYRUPPAGE 2
As an alternative to a sorghum mill on every farm, Alcorn State University in southern Mississippi
sponsors a mobile sorghum “juice” pressing trailer that is loaned out during sorghum season. Wil-
liam Patton (2), agronomy specialist, can provide further information and details, in case a coop-
erative venture like this could be feasible in your region.
Stainless steel, galvanized steel, or copper pan evaporators are the other major equipment item
associated with sorghum syrup production. Pan evaporators are usually custom-manufactured
and are available through suppliers to the sorghum syrup, sugarcane, and maple sugar industries.
A refractometer, thermometer, fuel burner, enzymes, containers, and labels are other supplies needed
to process and market sorghum syrup.
For processing commercial sweet sorghum, clean facilities are important because the product is
sold as a food item to the public. Some states require a food processor permit, and others may want
to inspect processing and packing areas.
Variety selection is an important consideration and is somewhat region-specific, according to cli-
mate and soil type. Qualities to evaluate when selecting a variety include: days to maturity, growth
habits matched to harvest equipment, stalk size, and cold tolerance.
The Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES) Foundation Seed Stocks
supplies certified seed for sweet sorghum varieties—Dale, Theis, M81-E, Topper 76-6—adapted to
the Mid-South region. Contact:
MAFES Foundation Seed Stocks
Mississippi State University
P.O. Box 9811
Mississippi State, MS 39762
662-325-2390
Fax: 662- 325-8118
Email: Rvaughan@pss.msstate.edu
http://msucares.com/crops/sorghum/descriptions.html
Townsend Sorghum Mill in Jeffersonville, Kentucky, is a good source of sorghum syrup
varieties adapted to conditions north of Memphis, Tennessee. Contact:
Townsend Sorghum Mill
11620 Main Street
Jeffersonville, KY 40337
606-498-4142
Contact person: Danny Townsend
Sweet sorghum is widely adapted to the U.S., with commercial production in at least 26 states.
Land-grant universities in Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, and Georgia have conducted research
and published materials on producing and processing sweet sorghum. Selected educational mate-
rials from Kentucky, Tennessee, and New York are enclosed for your information.
The National Sweet Sorghum Producers and Processors Association (NSSPPA) holds a meeting on
the first weekend of March each year. The meeting location rotates between Bowling Green, Ken-
tucky, and Nashville, Tennessee. The association publishes a newsletter to exchange information
among producers, as well as a directory. According to NSSPPA, there are 500–700 sorghum syrup
producers in the U.S. raising a total of 25,000 to 30,000 acres.
3. //SORGHUM SYRUP PAGE 3
For NSSPPA membership and newsletter information, contact:
Dr. Morris Bitzer
2049 Rebel Road
Lexington, KY 40503
859-257-3975 Daytime
859-277-9017 Evening
Fax: 859-257-7478
E-mail: mbitzer@ca.uky.edu
http://www.ca.uky.edu/nssppa/
USDA published a series of Farmers’ Bulletins and Agriculture Handbooks on sorghum syrup,
proceeding from the turn of the century through the 1970s (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Though dated, they still
provide an excellent summary of sorghum syrup production—including varieties, cultivation, har-
vesting, and processing; in addition, the photos and illustrations provide historical glimpses into
farm equipment and syrup-making procedures. USDA publications are located in land-grant uni-
versity libraries, and photocopies can often be obtained through Inter-Library Loan. Of special
interest are the six USDA and Agriculture Experiment Station bulletins available as full-text online
documents listed under Web Resources.
Sweet Sorghum Production and Processing by George Kuepper was published by the Kerr Center for
Sustainable Agriculture (9) in 1992. This 93-page manual, available for $12, is a practical hand-
book on everything a farmer needs to know about sorghum growing and processing. It is based on
the Kerr Center’s experience with sorghum production, and includes black-and-white photographs
of equipment and processing methods. The Overstreet-Kerr Historical Farm, a project of the Kerr
Center, sponsors a farm festival each October where sorghum-syrup-making is demonstrated.
The Cooperative Extension Service, which is the land-grant university outreach program for farm-
ers in each state, is the primary source of crop production information on sweet sorghum. The Web
Resources section below contains links to educational materials from Wisconsin, Minnesota, Ala-
bama, Kentucky, Texas, and Georgia.
One of the best ways to learn how to make sorghum syrup is by first-hand exposure. The National
Sweet Sorghum Producers and Processors Association can provide referrals to sweet sorghum farmers
in your region, syrup-making festivals, and related events.
References
1) Kuepper, George. 1992. Sweet Sorghum Production and Processing. The Kerr Center.
Poteau, OK. 93 p.
2) William Patton, Agronomy Specialist, Alcorn State University, 1000 ASU Drive, No. 479,
Lorman, MS 39096, 601-877-6551, cxwbp@cotton.vislab.olemiss.edu
3) Hugh, B.A., and S.F. Sherwood. 1924. Sorgo-Sirup Manufacture. USDA Farmers’
Bulletin No. 1389. 29 p.
4) Walton, C.F., E.K. Ventre, and S. Byall. 1938. Farm Production of Sorgo Sirup. USDA
Farmers’ Bulletin No. 1791. 40 p.
4. //SORGHUM SYRUPPAGE 4
5) Cowgill, H. B. 1942. Sorgo for Sirup Production Culture, Harvesting, and Handling.
USDA Farmers’ Bulletin No. 1619. 38 p.
6) Stokes, I.E., O.H. Coleman, and J.L. Dean. 1957. Culture of Sorgo for Sirup Production.
USDA Farmers’ Bulletin No. 2100. 32 p.
7) Freeman, K.C, D.M. Broadhead, and N. Zummo. 1973. Culture of Sweet Sorghum for
Sirup Production. USDA Agriculture Handbook No. 441. 30 p.
8) Freeman, K.C. 1986. Sweet Sorghum Culture and Sirup Production. USDA Agriculture
Handbook No. 611. 55 p.
9) Kerr Center for Sustainable Agriculture, P.O. Box 588, Poteau, OK 74953, 918-647-9123,
http://www.kerrcenter.com
Enclosures
Bischoff, M.E., and J.K. Campbell. 1992. Producing Sweet Sorghum Syrup in New York State.
Agricultural Engineering Facts EF-16. Cooperative Extension Service, Cornell University. 2 p.
Bitzer, Morris J. 1987. Production of Sweet Sorghum for Sirup in Kentucky. Part One. AGR-122.
University of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service. 4 p.
Bitzer, Morris J., and Joe D. Fox. 1987. Processing Sweet Sorghum for Sirup. Part Two. AGR-123.
University of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service. 8 p.
Bitzer, Morris J. 1990. Sweet sorghum good income supplement. Delta Farm Press. March 16. p.
37.
Drapala, Patti. 1993. Foundation Seed has sweet story to tell. MAFES Research Highlights. March-
April. p. 3.
Morgan, Lowell. 1997. Sorghum. Rural Heritage. Autumn. p. 58-63.
Morris, William C. et al. 1993. Practices of Tennessee growers in producing and marketing sweet
sorghum, 1988-1990. Tennessee Farm and Home Science. Spring. p. 9-16.
Undersander, D.J. et al. 1990. Sorghum—for Syrup. Alternative Field Crops Manual. University
of Minnesota Extension Service, Center for Alternative Plant & Animal Products.
Web Resources
Sorghum for Syrup
Alternative Field Crops Manual (Univ of WI, Univ of MN)
http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/syrup.html
Production of Sweet Sorghum for Syrup in Kentucky, AGR-122
University of Kentucky
http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/agr/agr122/agr122.htm
http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/agr/agr122/agr122.pdf
5. //SORGHUM SYRUP PAGE 5
Processing Sweet Sorghum for Syrup, AGR-123
University of Kentucky
http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/agr/agr123/agr123.htm
http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/agr/agr123/agr123.pdf
Growing Sweet Sorghum for Syrup
University of Georgia
http://www.ces.uga.edu/Agriculture/agecon/pubs/sweetsorg.htm
Syrup Sorghums for Texas, L-5146
Texas A&M University
http://sorghum.tamu.edu/publications/787576-747466-l5146.pdf
Sweet Sorghum Culture and Syrup Production, ANR-625
Alabama Cooperative Extension Service
http://www.aces.edu/department/extcomm/publications/anr/anr-625/anr-625.html
Farm Production of Sorgo Sirup
USDA Farmers’ Bulletin No. 1791 (1938)
http://worldzone.net/art/christison/sorgo/farmbulletin1intro.htm
Culture of Sorgo for Sirup Production
USDA Farmers’ Bulletin No. 2100 (1957)
http://www.wvu.edu/~agexten/forglvst/Bulletins/2100.pdf
Culture of Sweet Sorghum for Sirup Production
USDA Agriculture Handbook No. 441 (1973)
http://www.wvu.edu/~agexten/forglvst/Bulletins/441a.pdf
Sugarcane and Sorghum Sirup for Home Use
Clemson Agricultural College Bulletin No. 105 (1945)
http://www.wvu.edu/~agexten/forglvst/Bulletins/105.pdf
Factors Influencing the Yield and Quality of Sorgo Sirup Produced in West Virginia
WVU Ag. & Forestry Experiment Station Bulletin 450 (1961)
http://www.wvu.edu/~agexten/forglvst/Bulletins/450.pdf
Costs and Returns from Producing and Processing Sorghum Syrup
University of Tennessee Agric. Exp. Stat. Bull. No. 363 (1963)
http://www.wvu.edu/~agexten/forglvst/Bulletins/363.pdf
MAFES Foundation Seed Stocks Maintains Seed of Four Sweet Sorghum Varieties
http://msucares.com/crops/sorghum/descriptions.html
Sorghum Molasses in the Ozarks—Bittersweet Style
Bittersweet, Vol. 1, No. 3 | Spring 1974
http://thelibrary.springfield.missouri.org/lochist/periodicals/bittersweet/sp74f.htm
Syrupmakers.com
http://www.syrupmakers.com/
6. //SORGHUM SYRUPPAGE 6
Ken Christison’s Cane Mill Page
http://www.syrupmakers.com/mills/
The Southern Matters Sugar Cane Operations Page
http://www.southernmatters.com/sugarcane/operations.htm
Ken’s Christison’s Cane Mill Catalogs
http://www.syrupmakers.com/catalogs/index.htm
Sweet Sorghum (Sometimes Called Sorghum Molasses)
Ken Christison and Keith Kinney
http://www.herculesengines.com/sorghum/default.html
By Steve Diver
Updated by Julia Sampson
NCAT Agriculture Specialists
Edited by Paul Williams
Formatted by Cynthia Arnold
March 2003
The electronic version of Sorghum Syrup is located at:
HTML
http://www.attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/sorghum.html
PDF
http://www.attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/sorghumsyrup.pdf
CT139