The document discusses asynchronous microservices in Node.js, emphasizing the advantages of a microservices architecture such as decentralization and being organized around business capabilities. It covers both synchronous and asynchronous communication topologies, highlighting the use of the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) for loosely coupled systems. Code examples illustrate how to implement message queues and consuming messages in RabbitMQ, along with patterns like work queues and webhooks.