Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between the malnutrition and risk of cognitive impairment among Morocco older adults. Materials and Methods: A sample of 237 older adults aged above 60 years were recruited from three nursing homes belong to three different cities, Rabat, Kenitra, and Sidi Kacem city and from one health center in Sidi Kacem city. From them, 172 subjects (56.4% men) were included in our study for their completion. Cognitive functions were assessed by the Mini–Mental State Examination. Nutritional status, depression, and physical activity (PA) were assessed using, respectively: Mini nutritional assessment, geriatric depression scale-15, and global PA questionnaire. The binary logistic regression was performed where the cognitive function was taking as the dependent variable and all other outcomes as independent variables.
Comparing BMI and hand grip strength of Tsinghua University Beijing and Unive...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Background: This study was an illustrated cross sessional study of male and female students of
Tsinghua University Beijing China and University of Sindh Pakistan students. The study objectives were to
describe normative data and compare the BMI and hand grip strength of dominant hand of both universities
students. The study elaborated that health and fitness status of universities lifestyle of young male and female
students are significantly related to the desire level of general health and fitness level and observed the attitude
of students towards health assessment activities and status.
Current Status and Prospective Of Cancer Disease in Bangladesh: A Cross-Secti...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Cancer Magnitude in Elderly Indian Women, an Experience from Regional Cancer ...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
Cancer Magnitude in Elderly Indian Women, an Experience from Regional Cancer Centre, India by Ravi Kiran Pothamsetty in Open access journal of Gynecology
EORTC QLQ-OES 18 module strategy for assessment of quality of life in esophag...IOSRJPBS
Esophageal cancer ranks sixth among all cancers in mortality. Advances in medical research have led to improved prognosis and quality of life (QOL) and increased survival rates. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ethnicity-wise risk factors and quality of life in esophageal cancer patients from Jammu region. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case control study was conducted from Oct’ 2007- July’ 2013. Study population was divided into three ethnicity groups- Kashmiri, Pahadi and Dogri. Information on sociodemographic profile, medical and family history was collected using standard questionnaires. The details of the patients required by European Organization for Research and Training in Cancer, the OESophageal module OES18 were collected within 1 month prior to treatment and 6 months and 3 years post treatment. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis with maximum likelihood estimation of parameters values. Results: The study population consisted of 200 cases and 200 controls. Incidence rates were higher for males as compared to females. Alcohol intake, physical functioning and appetite loss were significantly associated with the survival of esophageal cancer patients belonging to all the three ethnicity groups. Dysphagia, gastrointestinal reflux, pain and emotional problem were found to be significant in governing pre- and postoperative QOL. Conclusions- The results of epidemiologic, observational and dietary information of the population groups of Jammu region concur with the notion that life-style habits like alcohol consumption do play a role in cancer onset and progression. Though the risk factors differed with respect to the ethnicity, we found almost similar results for QOL parameters. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of using both a core and a disease-specific module for a reliable psychometric analysis of clinical significance.
Comparing BMI and hand grip strength of Tsinghua University Beijing and Unive...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Background: This study was an illustrated cross sessional study of male and female students of
Tsinghua University Beijing China and University of Sindh Pakistan students. The study objectives were to
describe normative data and compare the BMI and hand grip strength of dominant hand of both universities
students. The study elaborated that health and fitness status of universities lifestyle of young male and female
students are significantly related to the desire level of general health and fitness level and observed the attitude
of students towards health assessment activities and status.
Current Status and Prospective Of Cancer Disease in Bangladesh: A Cross-Secti...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Cancer Magnitude in Elderly Indian Women, an Experience from Regional Cancer ...Crimsonpublishers-IGRWH
Cancer Magnitude in Elderly Indian Women, an Experience from Regional Cancer Centre, India by Ravi Kiran Pothamsetty in Open access journal of Gynecology
EORTC QLQ-OES 18 module strategy for assessment of quality of life in esophag...IOSRJPBS
Esophageal cancer ranks sixth among all cancers in mortality. Advances in medical research have led to improved prognosis and quality of life (QOL) and increased survival rates. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ethnicity-wise risk factors and quality of life in esophageal cancer patients from Jammu region. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case control study was conducted from Oct’ 2007- July’ 2013. Study population was divided into three ethnicity groups- Kashmiri, Pahadi and Dogri. Information on sociodemographic profile, medical and family history was collected using standard questionnaires. The details of the patients required by European Organization for Research and Training in Cancer, the OESophageal module OES18 were collected within 1 month prior to treatment and 6 months and 3 years post treatment. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis with maximum likelihood estimation of parameters values. Results: The study population consisted of 200 cases and 200 controls. Incidence rates were higher for males as compared to females. Alcohol intake, physical functioning and appetite loss were significantly associated with the survival of esophageal cancer patients belonging to all the three ethnicity groups. Dysphagia, gastrointestinal reflux, pain and emotional problem were found to be significant in governing pre- and postoperative QOL. Conclusions- The results of epidemiologic, observational and dietary information of the population groups of Jammu region concur with the notion that life-style habits like alcohol consumption do play a role in cancer onset and progression. Though the risk factors differed with respect to the ethnicity, we found almost similar results for QOL parameters. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of using both a core and a disease-specific module for a reliable psychometric analysis of clinical significance.
Survival Analysis of Determinants of Breast Cancer Patients at Hossana Queen ...Premier Publishers
Breast cancer is one of the most severe diseases in the world and become the public’s ever day’s agenda in both developed and developing countries. The primary goal of this study was to identify the determinants of survival time of breast cancer patients at Hossana hospital, south Ethiopia. Kaplan-Meier estimation method and a new two-parameter probability distribution called hypertabastic are introduced to model the survival time of the data. A simulation study was carried out to evaluate the performance of the hypertabastic distribution in comparison with popular distribution with the help of R and SAS statistical software Packages. One-fourth (25%) of the total patients survived for only 2 days. 31(35.2%) were censored, and 55(62.5%) were died. Hypertabastic survival model was found to be best fitting to the breast cancer data and age, level of education, family history, breast problem before, High fat diet, child late age, early menarche, late menopause were significant risk factors for the death of breast cancer patients. Awareness has to be given for the society on causes of breast cancer and screening test and early detection policies for most risky groups has to be established.
Physical Activity Level Analyses and Chronic-Degenerative Disease Risks In Do...IJERDJOURNAL
Abstract:- It is of common belief that physical activity can restore damages caused to people's health due to the stressful everyday work routine. The energy expenditure on physical activities is directly related to the frequency, duration and intensity of human movements developed on many tasks. Thus, the main objective of this paper was to evaluate this energy consumption in public school teachers from the city of Horizonte, Ceara, discussing about degenerative chronic disease risks. 30 teachers, 9 men and 21 women within the age of 25 to 59 years old, were evaluated. Their Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated in order to classify them as normal, overweight and obese. As an instrument, the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnarie (IPAQ) was used, once it is more recommended to national prevalence studies due to the possibility of international comparison. This instrument contains several questions related to frequency (days per week) and duration (time per day) spent on moderate and vigorous physical activities and walking. The questionnarie also captures the energy expenditure in METs, in order to classify the selected individuals according to intensity: “sedentary” (< 1,5 METs), “low” (1,5 < METs < 3,0), “moderate” (3,9 < METs < 5,9) and “high” (≥ 6,0 METs). These analyses were performed using the Epi Info™ program, which used descriptive statistics. The results showed that the teachers present a good level of physical activity with 46,67% classified as high, 40% as moderate and 13,13% as low. The individuals also presented significant degree of overweight and obesity, 43% and 34% respectively, and only 23% within the acceptable weight range. Therefore, it could be concluded that, among the modifiable risk factors, the physical activity and the body mass control play important roles when it comes to chronic-degenerative disease prevention
—Reproductive health development depends on the menstrual hygiene in adolescence. Half of all mental health disorders in adulthood start during adolescence. Drug, alcohol and tobacco use is major concern in this group. The present study was conducted to study the reproductive health, mental health and various addictions in urban adolescents. This cross sectional study was conducted among 506 adolescents from standard 9 th and 10 th in a high school in Margao city of South Goa district in year 2015. Study participants were sampled by census method and interviewed by using a pretested, structured questionnaire. The mean age of study participants i.e. in girls it was 16.30 years & in boys it was observed 16.43 years. 85.4% of the study participants experienced one of the feelings of being anxious, sad, irritable or stressed, 74.4% of the study participants experienced feelings suggestive of psychosomatic disorder and 48.4% participants felt they were good for nothing. 58.1% had normal cycles of 21-35 days while 30.7% and 11.2% of the girls had cycles of < 21 days & 36-60 days respectively. 49.2% experienced mild symptoms of dysmenorrhoea, equal percentage experienced moderate symptoms and 1.6% experienced severe dysmenorrhoea. 40.4% had curdy white vaginal discharge, 5.5% had greenish yellow discharge and 19.8% had blood stained vaginal discharge. 5.5% of the adolescents smoked.1.2% of the participants chewed Gutkha. 26.5% had consumed alcohol & 3.8% had tried drugs. The study shows that adolescents face various problems which need to be addressed.
—In many cultures in India, womanhood is defined through motherhood and infertile women usually carry the blame for the couple inability to conceive. A childless woman is stigmatized and sometimes not allowed to participate in various auspicious ceremonies, particularly those involving childbirth. The present study was undertaken in S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan to find out the factors contributing to infertility and the health seeking behavior of infertile women. A hospital based observational study was carried out in year 2017 on eligible women attending OPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Mahila Chikitsalaya, S.M.S. Medical College Jaipur. A total 1000 eligible women were recruited using systematic random sampling and interviewed using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. A total of 119 women (11.9%) were found to be infertile. Age of women, caste, residence, education status of women, occupation, family size and socioeconomic status were found to be significantly associated with infertility (P<0.05). Lower age of women, OBC caste, urban residence, less family size, lesser education status of women, housewives and middle socioeconomic status were found to have significantly more infertile females than their counterparts. Age of women, type of family and religion were not found to be associated with infertility (P >0.05). Improving awareness about infertility and its management could help reduce the burden and its social implications.
Nutritional Status And Somatotype Study on Sabar males of Puruliapratanubanerjee3
The Somatotype represents a criteria utilized to find out body composition and it had been inspired by different factors along with nutrition. You will get a sample research paper from this powerpoint presentation. If you need research paper writing from pratanu banerjee call 91-8017517171 or you can send your requirement via email pratanubanerjee9@gmail.com
Introduction: The objective of this work is to study the epidemiological and clinical aspects of erectile dysfunction in a population of diabetic patients in the Thies region.
ABSTRACT- Background: Malnutrition constitutes a major public health concern worldwide and serves as an indicator
of hospitalized patient’s prognosis. Nutritional support is an essential aspect of the clinical management of children
admitted to hospital. Malnutrition has been long associated with poor quality, poor diet and inadequate access to health
care, and it remains a key global health issue that both stems from and contributes to weakness, with 50% of childhood
deaths due to principal under nutrition.
Methods: The present hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in April to Dec 2015 among 300 rural
adolescents of 9-18 years age (146 boys and 154 girls) attending the outpatient department at Patna Medical College and
Hospital, Bihar, India, belonging to the all caste communities. The nutritional status was assessed in terms of under
nutrition (weight-for-age below 3rd percentile), stunting (Height-for-age below 3rd percentile) and thinness (BMI-for-age
below 5th percentile). Diseases were accepted as such as diagnosed by pediatrician, skin specialist and medical officer.
Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness were found to be 31%, 22.3% and 30.7% respectively. The
maximum prevalence of malnutrition was observed among early adolescents (23% - 54%) and the most common
morbidities were diarrhoea (16.7%), carbuncle / furuncle (16.7%) and scabies (12%).
Conclusion: Malnutrition among hospitalized under five children and around suffers moderately high rates of
malnutrition. Present nutrition programs attention on education for at risk children and referral to regional hospitals for
malnourished children. Screening tools to classify children at risk of developing malnutrition might be helpful.
Key-words- Malnutrition, Hospitalized children, Morbidities, Prevalence, Stunting
Nutritional assessment status of adult patients with multiple sclerosis: A na...Innspub Net
No previous research has assessed the nongenetic factors, especially the nutrition status of MS patients in Arab countries. Hence, this study aims to assess the nutritional status of MS patients among Arab adults. This study is a nationally representative cross-sectional study using a structured, online self-administered, validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) from 13 Arab countries. All data analyses were performed using STATA 16.0 and R for statistical computing version 4.0.4. A total of 813 participants were surveyed, most of the MS participants were female (68.4%), married (58.5%), non-smoker (72.6%) and 53.3% were diagnosed with MS for up to five years. MS participants did not consume the DRI of both the macro and the micronutrients including the energy requirements, except the dietary intake of the sodium which was insignificantly different from the DRI. Results also showed that most participants rarely consumed the main food items including bread, cereals, and most types of meat. While, more than 50% of the participants consumed fruit, vegetables, all types of chicken, fish, fresh soup, rice, and egg up to 3 times per month. On the other hand, milk and milkshake were consumed rarely; while, tea and herbal teas were the most common beverages. Nutrient deficiencies are very common among MS Arab patients. The finding of this study can establish a base for the development of a nutritional program for MS patients in accordance with the recommended DRI.
Survival Analysis of Determinants of Breast Cancer Patients at Hossana Queen ...Premier Publishers
Breast cancer is one of the most severe diseases in the world and become the public’s ever day’s agenda in both developed and developing countries. The primary goal of this study was to identify the determinants of survival time of breast cancer patients at Hossana hospital, south Ethiopia. Kaplan-Meier estimation method and a new two-parameter probability distribution called hypertabastic are introduced to model the survival time of the data. A simulation study was carried out to evaluate the performance of the hypertabastic distribution in comparison with popular distribution with the help of R and SAS statistical software Packages. One-fourth (25%) of the total patients survived for only 2 days. 31(35.2%) were censored, and 55(62.5%) were died. Hypertabastic survival model was found to be best fitting to the breast cancer data and age, level of education, family history, breast problem before, High fat diet, child late age, early menarche, late menopause were significant risk factors for the death of breast cancer patients. Awareness has to be given for the society on causes of breast cancer and screening test and early detection policies for most risky groups has to be established.
Physical Activity Level Analyses and Chronic-Degenerative Disease Risks In Do...IJERDJOURNAL
Abstract:- It is of common belief that physical activity can restore damages caused to people's health due to the stressful everyday work routine. The energy expenditure on physical activities is directly related to the frequency, duration and intensity of human movements developed on many tasks. Thus, the main objective of this paper was to evaluate this energy consumption in public school teachers from the city of Horizonte, Ceara, discussing about degenerative chronic disease risks. 30 teachers, 9 men and 21 women within the age of 25 to 59 years old, were evaluated. Their Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated in order to classify them as normal, overweight and obese. As an instrument, the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnarie (IPAQ) was used, once it is more recommended to national prevalence studies due to the possibility of international comparison. This instrument contains several questions related to frequency (days per week) and duration (time per day) spent on moderate and vigorous physical activities and walking. The questionnarie also captures the energy expenditure in METs, in order to classify the selected individuals according to intensity: “sedentary” (< 1,5 METs), “low” (1,5 < METs < 3,0), “moderate” (3,9 < METs < 5,9) and “high” (≥ 6,0 METs). These analyses were performed using the Epi Info™ program, which used descriptive statistics. The results showed that the teachers present a good level of physical activity with 46,67% classified as high, 40% as moderate and 13,13% as low. The individuals also presented significant degree of overweight and obesity, 43% and 34% respectively, and only 23% within the acceptable weight range. Therefore, it could be concluded that, among the modifiable risk factors, the physical activity and the body mass control play important roles when it comes to chronic-degenerative disease prevention
—Reproductive health development depends on the menstrual hygiene in adolescence. Half of all mental health disorders in adulthood start during adolescence. Drug, alcohol and tobacco use is major concern in this group. The present study was conducted to study the reproductive health, mental health and various addictions in urban adolescents. This cross sectional study was conducted among 506 adolescents from standard 9 th and 10 th in a high school in Margao city of South Goa district in year 2015. Study participants were sampled by census method and interviewed by using a pretested, structured questionnaire. The mean age of study participants i.e. in girls it was 16.30 years & in boys it was observed 16.43 years. 85.4% of the study participants experienced one of the feelings of being anxious, sad, irritable or stressed, 74.4% of the study participants experienced feelings suggestive of psychosomatic disorder and 48.4% participants felt they were good for nothing. 58.1% had normal cycles of 21-35 days while 30.7% and 11.2% of the girls had cycles of < 21 days & 36-60 days respectively. 49.2% experienced mild symptoms of dysmenorrhoea, equal percentage experienced moderate symptoms and 1.6% experienced severe dysmenorrhoea. 40.4% had curdy white vaginal discharge, 5.5% had greenish yellow discharge and 19.8% had blood stained vaginal discharge. 5.5% of the adolescents smoked.1.2% of the participants chewed Gutkha. 26.5% had consumed alcohol & 3.8% had tried drugs. The study shows that adolescents face various problems which need to be addressed.
—In many cultures in India, womanhood is defined through motherhood and infertile women usually carry the blame for the couple inability to conceive. A childless woman is stigmatized and sometimes not allowed to participate in various auspicious ceremonies, particularly those involving childbirth. The present study was undertaken in S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan to find out the factors contributing to infertility and the health seeking behavior of infertile women. A hospital based observational study was carried out in year 2017 on eligible women attending OPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Mahila Chikitsalaya, S.M.S. Medical College Jaipur. A total 1000 eligible women were recruited using systematic random sampling and interviewed using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. A total of 119 women (11.9%) were found to be infertile. Age of women, caste, residence, education status of women, occupation, family size and socioeconomic status were found to be significantly associated with infertility (P<0.05). Lower age of women, OBC caste, urban residence, less family size, lesser education status of women, housewives and middle socioeconomic status were found to have significantly more infertile females than their counterparts. Age of women, type of family and religion were not found to be associated with infertility (P >0.05). Improving awareness about infertility and its management could help reduce the burden and its social implications.
Nutritional Status And Somatotype Study on Sabar males of Puruliapratanubanerjee3
The Somatotype represents a criteria utilized to find out body composition and it had been inspired by different factors along with nutrition. You will get a sample research paper from this powerpoint presentation. If you need research paper writing from pratanu banerjee call 91-8017517171 or you can send your requirement via email pratanubanerjee9@gmail.com
Introduction: The objective of this work is to study the epidemiological and clinical aspects of erectile dysfunction in a population of diabetic patients in the Thies region.
ABSTRACT- Background: Malnutrition constitutes a major public health concern worldwide and serves as an indicator
of hospitalized patient’s prognosis. Nutritional support is an essential aspect of the clinical management of children
admitted to hospital. Malnutrition has been long associated with poor quality, poor diet and inadequate access to health
care, and it remains a key global health issue that both stems from and contributes to weakness, with 50% of childhood
deaths due to principal under nutrition.
Methods: The present hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in April to Dec 2015 among 300 rural
adolescents of 9-18 years age (146 boys and 154 girls) attending the outpatient department at Patna Medical College and
Hospital, Bihar, India, belonging to the all caste communities. The nutritional status was assessed in terms of under
nutrition (weight-for-age below 3rd percentile), stunting (Height-for-age below 3rd percentile) and thinness (BMI-for-age
below 5th percentile). Diseases were accepted as such as diagnosed by pediatrician, skin specialist and medical officer.
Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and thinness were found to be 31%, 22.3% and 30.7% respectively. The
maximum prevalence of malnutrition was observed among early adolescents (23% - 54%) and the most common
morbidities were diarrhoea (16.7%), carbuncle / furuncle (16.7%) and scabies (12%).
Conclusion: Malnutrition among hospitalized under five children and around suffers moderately high rates of
malnutrition. Present nutrition programs attention on education for at risk children and referral to regional hospitals for
malnourished children. Screening tools to classify children at risk of developing malnutrition might be helpful.
Key-words- Malnutrition, Hospitalized children, Morbidities, Prevalence, Stunting
Nutritional assessment status of adult patients with multiple sclerosis: A na...Innspub Net
No previous research has assessed the nongenetic factors, especially the nutrition status of MS patients in Arab countries. Hence, this study aims to assess the nutritional status of MS patients among Arab adults. This study is a nationally representative cross-sectional study using a structured, online self-administered, validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) from 13 Arab countries. All data analyses were performed using STATA 16.0 and R for statistical computing version 4.0.4. A total of 813 participants were surveyed, most of the MS participants were female (68.4%), married (58.5%), non-smoker (72.6%) and 53.3% were diagnosed with MS for up to five years. MS participants did not consume the DRI of both the macro and the micronutrients including the energy requirements, except the dietary intake of the sodium which was insignificantly different from the DRI. Results also showed that most participants rarely consumed the main food items including bread, cereals, and most types of meat. While, more than 50% of the participants consumed fruit, vegetables, all types of chicken, fish, fresh soup, rice, and egg up to 3 times per month. On the other hand, milk and milkshake were consumed rarely; while, tea and herbal teas were the most common beverages. Nutrient deficiencies are very common among MS Arab patients. The finding of this study can establish a base for the development of a nutritional program for MS patients in accordance with the recommended DRI.
Quality of life and its sociodemographic and clinicalpredictorsamong people o...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Prevalence and predictors of mental health among farmworkers in Southeastern ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract—
Background: Mental health problems represent a major component of the global burden of disease. The primary objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of psychological wellbeing among farmworkers and to evaluate their mental health services need for in rural primary health care settings.
Methods: The study sample comprised 1855 farmworkers (918 women, and 937 men) who were selected using probability cluster sampling method at 95% confidence interval (87.6 % response rate). The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and socio-demographic information form were used to data collection.
Results: The overall prevalence of mental health problems was 31.5%; the prevalence among women was 1.4 times that of men (35%, females; 28.2%, males). Logistic regression analyses revealed that poor general health, as well as presence of chronic diseases and exposure to traumatic life events predicted mental ill health among both sex. Poor economic situation, being seasonal migrant farmworker, and pesticide exposure history affected male mental health problems; while type of settlement, history of having disabled child at birth, and not having a family physician were significant predictors of female mental ill health (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for systematic development of community-based mental health services in conjunction with rural primary health care center and an integrated approach to health care of farmworkers. These include screening, early identification and treatment of mental health problems, development of non-communicable disease (NCD) control program, maternal health services and urgent measures to improve farmworkers’ work safety and pesticide applications.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowl...ijtsrd
Statement of problem “A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Prevention and Prevalence of Anemia among Adolescent Girls in A Selected areas.â€Material and Methods In the present study one group pre test and post test experimental descriptive research design is used to collect the sample from selected areas of Mohali of 100 adolescent girls. The sample is collected through purposive sampling technique. The data is collected by socio demographic questionnaire and self instructional module.Result Majority 58 58 of the adolescent girls had inadequate knowledge, 40 40 had moderate knowledge and 02 2 had adequate knowledge in pre test before administering structured teaching program. After getting structured teaching program, 15 15 of adolescent girls had moderate knowledge and 85 85 of adolescent girls had reported adequate knowledge. It is significantly shows that there is association between knowledge levels of adolescent girls regarding prevention and prevalence of anemia and demographic variables.Conclusion It was concluded that there is gain in knowledge after teaching program and there is significant association between level of knowledge and demographic variables. Ms. Deepti | Dr. Priyanka Chaudhary | Ms. Ramanpreet Kaur | Ms. P. Chitra "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Prevention and Prevalence of Anemia among Adolescent Girls in Selected Areas" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49097.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/49097/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-prevention-and-prevalence-of-anemia-among-adolescent-girls-in-selected-areas/ms-deepti
Abstract—Adolescents are the future resources for any country to progress and prosper. According to Census 2001, in India, adolescent constitute one-fifth of the total population. Adolescent AGs are one of the important segments of the population for they are the future mother whose nutritional status affects that of the newborn baby. Anemia being a major public health problem among adolescent girls, a study was conducted with the objective to determine the socio-demographic correlates of anemia among girls. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 467 adolescent AGs in Ahmadabad city during May 2011 to august 2012 in Adolescent Friendly Health Services clinics. Results: Prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls was 85.9%. Highest prevalence was observed during mid-adolescence phase. As the age of girls increases, Hemoglobin tends to get on the lower side. A statistically significant association was observed between anemia and nutritional status. No association was observed between anemia and religion, birth order, type of -family, education of parents and occupation of parents. Conclusion: Association between anemia and under-nutrition has been reported earlier in numerous studies; however present study highlights the fact that it is not common to have anemia among girls who are over nourished or obese. Hence, special efforts should be made to address this issue among girls by doing dietary modifications.
Similar to Association between Malnutrition and Cognitive Impairment among Morocco Older Adults (20)
Convalescent Plasma and COVID-19: Ancient Therapy Re-emergedasclepiuspdfs
Convalescent plasma has again re-emerged as a therapy during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks currently use as a prophylactic or an interventional treatment in infected patients. Convalescent plasma has been used in the 20th century confronting different infectious diseases where there was no other therapy available. Conceivably, this convalescent plasma therapy tends to be proving a game-changing treatment in some COVID-19 patients and could support treatment, in addition to the current interventions before other developed therapies are available for the population.
The Negative Clinical Consequences Due to the Lack of the Elaboration of a Sc...asclepiuspdfs
Until a few years ago, the immune system was considered as responsible for the only defense against microbial infections and other external agents. On the contrary, the immune cells have been proven to be linked not only through cell-cell contact but also by releasing proteins capable of influencing the immune-inflammatory response, the so-called cytokines or interleukins. Moreover, the cytokines have appeared to play not only immune activities but also metabolic and systemic effects influencing the overall biological systems, including the nervous, the endocrine, and the cardiovascular systems, by representing the main endogenous molecules responsible for the maintenance of the unity of the biological life. Therefore, only the systematic clinical consideration of cytokine effects may allow the generation of real future holistic medicine.
The great benefit of blood/blood constitutes therapy is the ability to provide transfusion support for patients with many unique hematologic conditions. For some patients, such as patients with sickle cell disease, thalassemia major, immune hemolytic anemia, anemia of kidney disease, and aplastic anemia may need for this consolidation extends throughout their life. By knowing the alteration mechanisms of these conditions, we can appreciate the stationary, urgency, and the value of the transfused red blood cell (RBC).
Decreasing or Increasing Role of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Mult...asclepiuspdfs
During the past four decades, autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been the first choice and the standard option for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma. The introduction of new agents such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, and bortezomib has led to a clear improvement in basic approach and those agents became the standard of care in the induction phase; however, they were not able to play the role of ASCT in term of progression-free survival and overall survival. Debate continues about the best induction, consolidation, and maintenance taking into account the toxicities of these new agents. The new monoclonal antibody (anti CD38) starts to take its place in the induction setting and it seems to be a promising agent in the high-risk group. Until recently, ASCT is the standard treatment for newly diagnosed patients.
Comparison of the Hypocalcemic Effects of Erythropoietin and U-74389Gasclepiuspdfs
Aim: This study calculated the effects on serum calcium (Ca) levels, after treatment with either of two drugs: The erythropoietin (Epo) and the antioxidant lazaroid (L) drug U-74389G. The calculation was based on the results of two preliminary studies, each one of which estimated the certain influence, after the respective drug usage in an induced ischemia-reperfusion animal experiment. Materials and Methods: The two main experimental endpoints at which the serum Ca levels were evaluated were the 60th reperfusion min (for the Groups A, C, and E) and the 120th reperfusion min (for the Groups B, D, and F). Especially, the Groups A and B were processed without drugs, Groups C and D after Epo administration, whereas Groups E and F after the L administration. Results: The first preliminary study of Epo presented a non-significant hypocalcemic effect by 0.34% ± 0.68% (P = 0.6095). However, the second preliminary study of U-74389G presented a non-significant hypercalcemic effect by 0.14% ± 0.66% (P = 0.8245). These two studies were coevaluated since they came from the same experimental setting. The outcome of the coevaluation was that L is 2.3623042-fold (2.3482723–2.3764196) more hypercalcemic than Epo (P = 0.0000). Conclusions: The antioxidant capacities of U-74389G ascribe 2.3623042-fold more hypercalcemic effects than Epo (P = 0.0000).
The term refractory anemia (RA) may be confusing to those who are not hematologists. RA should be well defined because it means more than what it says. RA is defined as anemia that is not responsive to therapy except transfusion.[1] The term RA is used to rule out those types of anemia with a known cause such as anemia of systemic diseases (liver and kidney) and anemia of inflammation even though they are considered refractory to therapy.[2] RA with cellular or hypercellular bone marrow was formerly used to exclude aplastic anemia.
Management of Immunogenic Heparin-induced Thrombocytopeniaasclepiuspdfs
Immunogenic heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune response to heparin associated with significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients if unidentified as soon as possible, due to thromboembolic complications involving both arterial and venous systems. Early diagnoses based on a comprehensive interpretation of clinical and laboratory information improve clinical outcomes. Management principles of strongly suspected HIT should not be delayed for laboratory result confirmation. Treatment strategies have been introduced including new, safe, and effective agents. This review summarizes the clinical therapeutic options for HIT addressing the use of parenteral direct thrombin inhibitors and indirect factor Xa inhibitors as well as the potential non-Vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants.
73-year-old woman without any pertinent history was admitted to the hospital due to remittent fever with erythema. She showed itching and linearly arranged erythema on the chest, back, and abdomen [Figure 1a and b]. As she had been taking daily cefditoren pivoxil for the 4 days before her admission, she was diagnosed as having drug-related scratch dermatitis, and the antibiotic treatment was stopped. Her fever remained. Laboratory data showed elevated levels of white blood cells (14,800/μl, normal range 4000–7000) and liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 138 IU/L (normal range 5–40), alanine aminotransferase 97 IU/L (normal range 5–35), and ferritin (17469.5 ng/mL, normal range 5–152).
Bone Marrow Histology is a Pathognomonic Clue to Each of the JAK2V617F, MPL,5...asclepiuspdfs
According to the World Health Organization and Clinical Laboratory Molecular and Pathological criteria bone marrow pathology in JAK2V617F mutated trilinear myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera are indistinguishably featured by clustered medium to large pleomorphic megakaryocytes and increased cellularity (60–90%) due to increased erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. MPL515 mutated ET is the second distinct clonal MPN characterized by thrombocythemia in a normocellular bone marrow showing clustered increased large to giant mature megakaryocytes with staghorn-like hyperlobulated nuclei. Calreticulin (CALR) mutated hypercellular thrombocythemia associated with prefibrotic megakaryocytic, granulocytic myeloproliferation (MGM) recently became the third distinct MPN featured by dense clusters of immature megakaryocytes with cloud-like nuclei. Bone marrow pathology in newly diagnosed MPN patients appears to be a pathognomonic clue for diagnostic differentiation between JAK2V617F mutated trilinear MPN, MPL515 normocellular thrombocythemia, and CALR thrombocythemia with MGM characteristics followed by secondary reticulin fibrosis. Their natural histories clearly differ featured by an increase of erythro/granulopoiesis and cellularity in JAK2V617F, decrease of erythropoiesis and cellularity in MPL515 and increase of dual megakaryo/granulopoiesis and cellularity in CALR mutated MPN.
Helicobacter pylori Frequency in Polycythemia Vera Patients without Dyspeptic...asclepiuspdfs
Introduction: In polycythemia vera (PV) patients, peptic ulcer and gastroduodenal erosions are more common than the general population, but there are insufficient data on the frequency of Helicobacter pylori (HP) and its role in etiopathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to compare the prevalence of HP infection in PV patients without dyspeptic complaints with a healthy control group without dyspeptic complaints. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with PV without dyspeptic complaints and 50 controls without dyspeptic complaints were enrolled in this study after informed consent obtained. Stool samples of selected patients were analyzed using HP stool antigen test (True Line®). Results: There was surprisingly striking difference between HP prevalence in PV patients without dyspeptic complaints and asymptomatic healthy controls (64% vs. 2%) (P < 0.05). There was no significant relationship found between HP presence and age, gender, treatment modalities, complete blood count, positivity of JAK2 V617F, serum erythropoietin level, and splenomegaly in PV patients (P > 0.05). Conclusion: As the susceptibility of HP infections in PV patients are higher, it is recommended to have close surveillance of these patients by screening HP presence. In addition, when HP positivity is determined, the eradication of HP is essential to prevent possible future gastrointestinal lesions in patients with PV.
Lymphoma of the Tonsil in a Developing Communityasclepiuspdfs
The lymphoma of the tonsil is a rarity. Single case reports have appeared in countries as disparate as China, Greece, India, Japan, and Turkey. Therefore, this paper presents cases found in Nigeria among the Ibo ethnic group. The epidemiological comparisons are deemed to be worthy of documentation such as age ranges and sides of involvement.
Should Metformin Be Continued after Hospital Admission in Patients with Coron...asclepiuspdfs
Background: In most patients with diabetes, guidelines recommend discontinuation of oral anti-diabetic agents. Preliminary data suggest that pre-admission metformin use may have a mortality benefit in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 admitted to the hospital. Objective: The objective of the study was to review the impact of metformin on morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods: Review of English literature by PUBMED search until November 10, 2020. Search terms included diabetes, COVID-19, metformin, retrospective studies, meta-analyses, pertinent reviews, pre-print articles, and consensus guidelines are reviewed.
Clinical Significance of Hypocalcemia in COVID-19asclepiuspdfs
Background: Preliminary data suggest that hypocalcemia is common among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the clinical significance of hypocalcemia in the setting of COVID-19. Methods: Literature search (PubMed) until August 5, 2020. Search terms include hypocalcemia, COVID-19, mortality, and complications. Retrospective studies are reviewed due to a lack of randomized trials. Results: Prevalence of hypocalcemia among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 ranges from 62% to 78%, depending on the definition of hypocalcemia and patients’ characteristics. In most cases, hypocalcemia is mild to moderate biochemically. Hypocalcemia is a risk factor for hospitalization of patients with COVID-19. In already hospitalized patients, hypocalcemia is significantly associated with increase severity of COVID-19 and its complications, including multiorgan failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death. Hypocalcemia is significantly correlated with inflammatory markers of COVID-19. Causes of hypocalcemia in COVID-19 patients are unclear, but Vitamin D deficiency may be a contributing factor. Conclusion: Hypocalcemia is common in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and carries unfavorable outcomes. Further studies are needed to examine the causes of hypocalcemia in COVID-19 and to see whether normalization of circulating calcium levels improves prognosis.
Excess of Maternal Transmission of Type 2 Diabetes: Is there a Role of Bioche...asclepiuspdfs
Objective: An excess of maternal transmission of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been reported in some populations but not confirmed in other studies. Mitochondrial inheritance has been proposed to explain such excess. In the present paper, we have considered the presence of T2D in the mother and/or in the father in relation to the risk of T2D and to age at onset of the disease in the offspring. The distribution of two genetic polymorphisms involved in glucose metabolism in relation to the presence of T2D in the mother has been also considered. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and seventy-nine participants with T2D were studied in the population of Penne, a small rural town in the eastern side of central Italy. Adenosine deaminase locus 1 (ADA1) and phosphoglucomutase locus 1 (PGM1) phenotypes were determined by starch gel electrophoresis. Statistical analyses were carried out using commercial software (SPSS). Results: The proportion of patients from T2D mothers is much greater as compared to the proportion of the patients from T2D fathers (P < 0.0001). Age at onset of the disease in patients in whom one or both parents are T2D is lower as compared to other patients. The distribution of ADA1 and PGM1 phenotypes in participants with T2D depends on the presence of diabetes in the mother. Conclusions: About the transmission of T2D, our data confirm the high proportion of maternal T2D and show the role of two common biochemical polymorphisms involved in glucose metabolism.
The Effect of Demographic Data and Hemoglobin A 1c on Treatment Outcomes in P...asclepiuspdfs
Objective: Diabetes mellitus, the most common cause of non-traumatic foot amputations, is a life-threatening condition due to its high mortality and morbidity. In our study, we retrospectively evaluated our patients with diabetic foot syndrome in our clinic. Materials and Methods: The demographic data, duration of diabetes, Wagner classification, haemoglobin A 1c (HbA1c) levels, white blood cell, C-reactive protein sedimentation levels, hospital stay, and treatment results were evaluated retrospectively in 14 patients with diabetic foot between January 2017 and December 2018. Results: The mean age of the patients was 62.43 ± 7.7 years. Of the 14 patients, 3 were females and 11 were males. All 14 patients were type 2 diabetes mellitus. When diabetic foot Wagner classification was performed, 6 patients were evaluated as Wagner 2, five patients were Wagner 3, and three patients were evaluated as Wagner 4. Nine patients had complete amputation and 3 had vascular surgery. Conclusion: Although the level of HbA1c is below the target level, the risk of diabetic foot is increased when there is no adequate diabetes mellitus foot training. Inadequate diabetic patient education and hospitalization of patients after infection progress the amputation rate.
Self-efficacy Impact Adherence in Diabetes Mellitusasclepiuspdfs
The aim of the paper is to explore how self-efficacy (SE) is associated with adherence among adults with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: The search of electronic databases identified 564 records from 2007 to 2017 on SE and adherence from different perspectives and its effect on adults with DM. Discussions: SE increases the confidence in adults in their self-care behaviors. Non-adherence continues to be a significant barrier to SE. SE and adherence should be informed by an understanding of theoretical frameworks and the individual characteristics. Conclusion: Adherence is likely among adults with better SE to empower them to make valid decisions about their health. Interventions to improve SE should be tailored based on different types of non-adherence such as intentional and unintentional non-adherence. Implications: An intercollaborative professional practice approach is crucial to improve SE and adherence for sound judgment and valid decision-making.
Uncoiling the Tightening Obesity Spiralasclepiuspdfs
While an underweight prevalence was once more than twice that of obesity, now more people are obese than underweight. Obesity is one of the leading causes of preventable death in the world. There are an estimated 2,100,000,000 obese people worldwide and that number is forecast to grow to 51% of the world’s population by 2030. Escalating obesity-related disease costs threaten to bankrupt the world’s health-care systems.
Prevalence of Chronic Kidney disease in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in S...asclepiuspdfs
Background and Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is an increasingly important clinical and public health issue is associated with cardiovascular disease. Epidemiologic studies have also linked metabolic syndrome (MetS) with an increased risk of incident CKD. Therefore, the present study was designed retrospectively to find the prevalence and potential risk factors of CKD in patients with MetS in Saudi Arabia.
Management Of Hypoglycemia In Patients With Type 2 Diabetesasclepiuspdfs
Hypoglycemia is the rate-limiting step of intensive management in patients with diabetes. Lowering one’s A1C to a prescribed target is expected to mitigate one’s risk of developing long- and short-term diabetes-related complications. Several of the less expensive and commonly prescribed glucose lowering agents favored by practitioners result in weight gain, hypoglycemia, and even an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Although achieving a targeted A1C of <7 % is the standard of care, clinicians often fail to evaluate patients for glycemic variability which can increase oxidative stress driving long-term diabetes-related complications including CV death. The use of concentrated insulins and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists separately or in combination with each other reduces glycemic variability and one’s risk of hypoglycemia. Pharmaceutical agents which allow patients to safely achieve their targeted A1C without weight gain and hypoglycemia should be preferred in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Predictive and Preventive Care: Metabolic Diseasesasclepiuspdfs
South Asians have a very high incidence of ischemic heart disease and stroke. In addition, they also have a very high incidence of metabolic diseases such as prehypertension, hypertension, visceral obesity, metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, type-2 diabetes, and its clinical complications. Currently, there are over 75 million diabetic subjects in India and an equal number of prediabetics. Republic of China has taken over India as the diabetes capital of the world, with over 115 million diabetics. Modern medicine is disease focused and has failed to address the prevention of these chronic diseases. According to the reports from the United Nations (Millennium Development Goals [MDGs], the World Health Organization, Global Health Initiatives, and the non-communicable disease risk task force), obesity has increased by 2-fold and type-2 diabetes by 4-fold worldwide. Experts in this field predict that chances of meeting the MDGs set by the UN members of reducing the incidence of these diseases at 2025 to the level of 2020 are very little. Western medicine has failed to reduce or reverse the trend in the incidence of these diseases. We feel that an integrated approach to health care may be a better option, to reduce the disease burden in developing and resource-poor countries. Having said that, one cannot prevent something that one is not aware of, as such it is the need of the hour for us, to develop a robust predictive and preventive health-care platform. In an earlier article, we presented our views on reducing or reversing cardiometabolic diseases. There is great enthusiasm among the health-care providers and professional bodies that integration of emerging technologies will help develop personalized, precision medicine, as well as reduce the cost of health-care worldwide.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
2. Clinical Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics • Vol 1 • Issue 2 • 2018
Talhaoui, et al.: Association between malnutrition and cognitive impairment among morocco older adults
particular of muscle tissue which could worsen the prognosis
of underlying diseases and increased risk of death and
institutionalization.[8,9]
Aging is confirmed to be associated with a progressive
of cognitive decline, which could be convert in à 8.3% of
cases to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) per years.[10,11]
AD is a
neurodegenerative disease that characterized by memory
loss, cognitive and behavioral disorders with repercussions
on the daily life of the patient.[12]
Some causes know to lead to
AD: A neurofibrillary protein called tau protein abnormally
phosphorylatedcauseshisintracellularaccumulation.Another
accumulation but this time extracellular is of β-amyloid
peptide (Aβ) at the senile plaques.[13]
The formation of Aβ
is generally due to mutations of PSEN1 (69%), amyloid
precursor protein (APP) (13%), APP (7.5%), duplication, and
rarely to mutations of PSEN2 (2%), which are responsible for
an early age of onset of AD, in general before 60 years.[14,15]
PS1 or PS2 genes, code for presenilin proteins that are part of
gamma-secretase complex (g-secretase complex), cleaving
APP at the C-terminal level from Abeta.[16]
The ε4 allele
which is associated with late sporadic AD (after 60 years),
localized on chromosome 19 code for apolipoprotein E,
protein involved in the transport of blood lipids and enter
in link with Aβ for the formation of senile plaques.[15,17]
The
extracellular formation of senile plaque and intracellular
accumulation causes lesions that preferentially affecting
the limbic system responsible for memory loss and also the
neocortex.[18]
Memory deficit or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is one of
the earliest and most pronounced symptoms of AD.[19]
At this
stage the population may constitute, a particularly suitable
population for preventive approaches and clinical trials of
drug therapies.[11]
By 2050, cognitive impairment including
MCI is expected to affect 115 million people in the world.[20]
The Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) represents the
most used tool in world elaborated by on Anthony et al. on
1975 to assess global cognitive impairment with specificity
and sensitivity 82% and 87%, respectively.[21]
The MMSE is
a brief test that takes a few minutes in its execution. It is
composed of a series of questions grouped into seven subtests.
The questions relate to orientation in time, orientation in
space, immediate recall of three words, attention, delayed
recall of three words, language, and constructive praxis.[22]
Many studies have been linked an association between
cognitive function and nutritional status explored by mini
nutritional assessment (MNA).[23,24]
In a cross-sectional
study performed by Mohamad et al., in three long-stay
elderly institutions in Beirut among 111 elderly (55 men and
56 women), showed that cognitive state of the elderly was
only explained by lower nutrition status (adjusted odds ratio
[ORa] = 3.03) and education (ORa = 1.72).[6]
To the best of
our knowledge, no one like those studies were conducted in
Morocco country. The aim of this study was the identification
the link between nutritional status and cognitive state among
the elderly population living in three cities (Rabat, Kenitra,
and Sidi Kacem city) in North-out of Morocco.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Participants
In this cross-sectional study that was conducted between
March 2017 and May 2018, all participants were recruited
from three nursing home belong to three different cities
Rabat, Kenitra, and Sidi Kacem city and from one health
center in Sidi Kacem city. The three cities are located in
North-oust of Morocco. The subjects were excluded from
the study if showing one of those following criteria: (1) Age
below 60 years, (2) subjects with renal insufficiency which
could confounder and overestimate the body mass index,
and (3) persons with acute pain that could influence their
performance on MMSE test. At beginning 237 subjects were
recruited for this study, but after excluding 65 subjects with
missing data (65 subjects for MMSE, five subject for MNA
and four subjects for physical activity [PA] missing data), 172
subjects were included in our study for their complete data.
Demographic data and medical conditions were obtained
from social and medical assistance in nursing homes and by
direct interview with patients visiting health center in Sidi
Kacem city. Oral consent was obtained from each participant
before be including in this study.
Measurements
Nutritional status of our sample was evaluated by MNA,
tool developed by Guigoz et al. and recommended by the
European society for clinical nutrition and metabolism.[25,26]
It is composed of 18 items grouped into four sections:
Anthropometric assessment (weight, height, and weight
loss), general assessment (living situation, number of
medicine use, and mobility), dietary assessment (number of
meals, food and fluid intake, and autonomy of feeding), and
subjective assessment (self-perception of nutritional status
and health).[5]
A total score ranges from 24 to 30 reflects
good nutritional status. Score between 17 and 23.5 indicates
a risk of malnutrition. MNA score 17 points indicates
malnutrition.[27]
Cognitive function evaluation
Cognitive function was assessed with the MMSE. With a
cutoff of 24, the elderly were classified into two categories:
Normal or cognitive impairment.
Psychological evaluation
The geriatric depression scale-15 was used to evaluate the
depressive syndrome among elderly participants, with score
maximal of 15 points. A score between 5 and 12 was used to
indicateslightdepressionandscore12forseveredepression.[28]
3. Clinical Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics • Vol 1 • Issue 2 • 2018 36
Talhaoui, et al.: Association between malnutrition and cognitive impairment among morocco older adults
PA evaluation
TheglobalPAquestionnaireisoneofavalidatedquestionnaire
developed by the WHO to assess PA in developing
countries.[29]
The questionnaire composed of 16 items,
collecting information about vigorous and moderate intensity
PA, covering three domains: Working (paid or unpaid),
commuting (walking or cycling), and leisure times.[30]
According to the norms recommended by the WHO for this
tool, the participants’ were classified into three levels:
Height level
• If the person practices vigorous intensity PA on at least
3 days with an expending of 1500 MET-minutes a
minimum per week or
• If the person practices seven or more days of walking,
moderate-
or vigorous-intensity activities with an
expending a minimum of 3000 MET-minutes per week.
Moderate level
• If the subject practices at least 20 min per day of
vigorous-intensity activity 3 or more times per week or
• At least 30 min per day of moderate-intensity activity or
walking 5 or more times per week or
• 5 or more days of walking, moderate- or vigorous-
intensity activities expending a minimum of 600 MET-
minutes per week.
Low level
The subject considered as having low level of PA if do not
meet any of above criteria.
Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis was performed using software SPSS
version 24. Student’s t-test was used for comparison of
quantitative variables between two groups, for those follow a
normal distribution, Mann–Whitney U-tests for those has no
normal distribution. The Chi-square test was used to analyze
the association between categorical variables. Pearson and
Spearman tests were used to analyze the correlation between
two quantitative variables normally and non-normally
distributed, respectively.
The binary logistic regression was applied, in which cognitive
status was taking as the dependent variable and others
variables as independent variables. P 0.05 was considered
significant for all analysis.
RESULTS
Baseline characteristics according to gender
The distribution of all characteristics included in this study
according to gender is shown in Table 1. Compared to the
men, women are more likely to be in low level of education
(P = 0.047), more likely to be Widowed (P 0,001), never
practiced some profession (P 0.001), without pension
(P = 0.048), women are also more likely to have hypertension
(P = 0.037), and depression (P = 0.045). On the other hand,
men are more likely to have dental problems to use smoking.
There was no significant difference for all other variables
between women and men.
Baseline characteristics according to cognitive
function
Our results show that 69.8% of total sample were classed as
having cognitive impairment while only 30.2% were normal
Table 2. Cognitive impairment is more frequent among
women than men in our simple (P 0.001). The subjects
with cognitive impairment were more likely to have low
education (P 0.001), to never practiced some profession
(P = 0.015), without pension (P = 0.048), and to have less
physical activities (P 0.001). The depression (P = 0.012)
and malnutrition (P = 0.02), both were more frequent in
subjects with confidence interval (CI) than normal.
Multivariate analysis
The binary logistic regression assessed Table 3 showed
that the malnutrition (OR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.34–6.85),
gender (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.03–5.71), and low education
(OR
=
8.35, 95% CI: 1.32–52.83) were risk factors for
cognitive impairment, when average level of PA (OR = 0.19,
95% CI: 0.06–0.54) was a protective factor compared to the
limited level.
DISCUSSION
This study was a cross-sectional study conducted among
three nursing homes and one health center in three localized
in the north-west of Morocco for one purpose to determine
the relationship between malnutrition and cognitive function.
MCI is a transitional state in which people who suffer from it
have a higher risk of progression to dementia within 5 years.[31]
The rat prevalence of cognitive impairment in our study was
69.8% and it’s higher than other similar studies.[32,33]
This
higher prevalence could be explained by the higher number
of individuals with low education, 85.5% against almost 68%
and 40%, respectively, in the studies mentioned above. In
study of Kurkcu et al., among 475 patients who visited the
geriatric Outpatient Department of a Dutch Hospital between
2005 and 2010, the prevalence of CI was 53.2 when the low
education was found only in 31% for the total sample.[28]
Saghafi-Asl M and Vaghef-Mehrabany, in their case–control,
age- and gender-matched study in Tabriz (East Azarbaijan,
Iran), elderly subjects aged 65 years and older were recruited
from nursing homes (n = 76) and community (n = 88).[34]
Of the total sample, 70.7% were illiterate and 76.8% had
score on MMSE below 24 point. Other explanation could
be given to the higher prevalence of CI in our results is that
the majority of simple subjects were recruited in tow cities
4. 37 Clinical Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics • Vol 1 • Issue 2 • 2018
Talhaoui, et al.: Association between malnutrition and cognitive impairment among morocco older adults
Table 1: Baseline characteristics according to gender
Total n=172 Females n=75 (43.6%) Males n=97 (56.4%) P
Age
Mean±SD 67.53±7.53 67.56±8.36 67.52±6.87 0.588
Living place
Free living n (%) 96 (55.8) 38 (50.7) 58 (59.8) 0.232
In nursing home n (%) 76 (44.2) 37 (49.3) 39 (40.2)
Education
Low n (%) 147 (85.5) 69 (92.0) 78 (80.4) 0.047
Intermediate n (%) 22 (12.8) 5 (6.7) 17 (17.5)
High n (%) 3 (1.6) 1 (1.3) 2 (2.1)
Marital status
Married n (%) 81 (47.1) 24 (32.0) 57 (58.8) 0.001
Single n (%) 38 (22.1) 17 (22.7) 21 (21.6)
Divorced n (%) 17 (9.9) 8 (10.7) 9 (9.3)
Widowed n (%) 36 (20.9) 26 (34.7) 10 (10.3)
Children’s number
Mean±SD 2.77±2.62 2.20±2.55 3.24±2.60 0.012
Kind of profession
Free n (%) 104 (60.5) 30 (40.0) 74 (76.3) 0.001
Public sector n (%) 13 (7.6) 2 (2.7) 11 (11.3)
Private sector n (%) 14 (8.1) 5 (6.7) 9 (9.3)
Never had a profession n (%) 41 (23.8) 38 (50.7) 3 (3.1)
Pension
Yes n (%) 19 (11.1) 4 (5.3) 15 (15.5) 0.048
No n (%) 153 (88.9) 71 (94.7) 82 (84.5)
Dental problems
Yes n (%) 90 (52.3) 29 (38.7) 61 (62.9) 0.002
No n (%) 82 (47.7) 46 (61.3) 36 (37.1)
Smoking
Yes n (%) 30 (17.4) 3 (4.0) 27 (27.8) 0.001
No n (%) 142 (82.6) 72 (96.0) 70 (72.2)
Diabetes mellitus
Yes n (%) 34 (19.8) 17 (22.7) 17 (17.5) 0.401
No n (%) 138 (80.2) 58 (77.3) 80 (82.5)
Hypertension
Yes n (%) 63 (36.6) 34 (45.3) 29 (29.9) 0.037
No n (%) 109 (63.4) 41 (54.7) 68 (70.1)
Osteoporosis
Yes n (%) 25 (14.5) 12 (16.0) 13 (13.4) 0.632
No n (%) 147 (85.5) 63 (84.0) 84 (86.6)
Anemia
Yes n (%) 4 (2.3) 2 (2.7) 2 (2.1) 1.000
No n (%) 168 (97.7) 73 (97.3) 95 (97.9)
(Contd...)
5. Clinical Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics • Vol 1 • Issue 2 • 2018 38
Talhaoui, et al.: Association between malnutrition and cognitive impairment among morocco older adults
Total n=172 Females n=75 (43.6%) Males n=97 (56.4%) P
Cardiac diseases
Yes n (%) 35 (20.3) 18 (24.0) 17 (17.5) 0.296
No n (%) 137 (79.7) 57 (76.0) 80 (82.5)
Medications use
Mean±SD 1.07±1.34 1.26±1.42 0.91±1.27 0.090
Physical activity level
Limited n (%) 65 (37.8) 31 (41.3) 34 (35.1) 0.329
Moderate n (%) 39 (22.7) 13 (17.3) 26 (26.8)
High n (%) 68 (39.5) 31 (41.3) 37 (38.1)
Depression
Normal 46 (26.4) 13 (17.3) 33 (34.0) 0.045
Slight depression 108 (62.8) 54 (72.0) 54 (55.7)
Severe depression 18 (10.5) 8 (10.7) 10 (10.3)
Nutritional status
Normal 78 (45.4) 28 (37.3) 50 (51.5) 0.102
Risk of malnutrition 85 (49.4) 44 (58.7) 41 (42.3)
Malnutrition 9 (5.2) 3 (4.0) 6 (6.2)
SD: Standard deviation
Table 1: (Continued)
Total n=172 Normal n=52 (30.2%) Cognitive impairment n=120 (69.8%) P value
Gender
Females n (%) 75 (44%) 12 (23.1%) 63 (52.5%) 0.001
Males n (%) 97 (56%) 40 (76.9%) 57 (47.5%)
Age
Mean±SD 67.53±7.53 65.87±6.45 68.26±7.87 0.208
Living place
Free living n (%) 96 (55.8%) 34 (65.4%) 62 (51.7%) 0.096
In nursing home n (%) 76 (44.2%) 18 (34.6%) 58 (48.3%)
Education
Low n (%) 147 (85.5%) 38 (73.1%) 109 (90.8%) 0.001
Intermediate n (%) 22 (12.8%) 13 (25.0%) 9 (7.5%)
High n (%) 3 (1.6%) 1 (1.9%) 2 (1.7%)
Marital status
Married n (%) 81 (47.1%) 32 (61.5%) 49 (40.8%) 0.065
Single n (%) 38 (22.1%) 9 (17.3%) 29 (24.2%)
Divorced n (%) 17 (9.9%) 5 (9.6%) 12 (10.0%)
Widowed n (%) 36 (20.9%) 6 (11.5%) 30 (25.0)
Children’s numbre
Mean±SD 2.77±2.62 2.90±2.45 2.72±2.70 0.575
kind of profession
Free n (%) 104 (60.5%) 35 (67.3%) 69 (57.5%) 0.015
Public sector n (%) 13 (7.6%) 7 (13.5%) 6 (5.0%)
Table 2: Baseline characteristics according to cognitive function
(Contd...)
6. Clinical Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics • Vol 1 • Issue 2 • 2018
Talhaoui, et al.: Association between malnutrition and cognitive impairment among morocco older adults
Total n=172 Normal n=52 (30.2%) Cognitive impairment n=120 (69.8%) P value
Private sector n (%) 14 (8.1%) 5 (9.6%) 9 (7.5%)
Never had a profession n (%) 41 (23.8%) 5 (9.6%) 36 (30.0%)
Pension
Yes n (%) 19 (11.1%) 11 (21.2%) 8 (6.7%) 0.005
No n (%) 153 (88.9%) 41 (78.8%) 112 (93.3%)
Dental problems
Yes n (%) 90 (52.3%) 22 (42.3%) 68 (56.7%) 0.083
No n (%) 82 (47.7%) 30 (57.7%) 52 (43.3%)
Smoking
Yes n (%) 30 (17.4%) 8 (15.4%) 22 (18.3%) 0.640
No n (%) 142 (82.6%) 44 (84.6%) 98 (81.7%)
Alcohol consumption
Yes n (%) 3 (1.7%) 1 (1.9%) 2 (1.7%) 1.000
No n (%) 169 (98.3%) 51 (98.1%) 118 (98.3%)
Diabetes mellitus
Yes n (%) 34 (19.8%) 10 (19.2%) 24 (20.%) 0.907
No n (%) 138 (80.2%) 42 (80.8%) 96 (80.0%)
Hypertension
Yes n (%) 63 (36.6%) 18 (34.6%) 45 (37.5%) 0.718
No n (%) 109 (63.4%) 34 (65.4%) 75 (62.5%)
Osteoporosis
Yes n (%) 25 (14.5%) 6 (11.5%) 19 (15.8%) 0.463
No n (%) 147 (85.5%) 46 (88.5%) 101 (84.2%)
Anemia
Yes n (%) 4 (2.3%) 2 (3.8%) 2 (1.7%) 0.585
No n (%) 168 (97.7%) 50 (96.2%) 118 (98.3%)
Cardiac diseases
Yes n (%) 35 (20.3%) 7 (13.5%) 28 (23.3%) 0.140
No n (%) 137 (79.7%) 45 (86.5%) 92 (76.7%)
Medications use
Mean±SD 1.07±1.34 1.08±1.34 1.06±1.35 0.792
Physical activity level
Low n (%) 65 (37.8%) 12 (23.1%) 53 (44.2%) 0.001
Moderate n (%) 39 (22.7%) 22 (42.3%) 17 (14.2%)
High n (%) 68 (39.5%) 18 (34.6%) 50 (41 .7%)
Depression
Normal 46 (26.4%) 21 (40.4%) 25 (20.8%) 0.012
Slight depression 108 (62.8%) 29 (55.8%) 79 (65.8%)
Severe depression 18 (10.5%) 2 (3.8%) 16 (13.3%)
Nutritional status
Normal 78 (45.4%) 34 (65.4%) 44 (36.7%) 0.002
Risk of malnutrition 85 (49.4%) 16 (30.8%) 69 (57.5%)
Malnutrition 9 (5.2%) 2 (3.8%) 7 (5.8%)
SD: Standard deviation
Table 2: (Continued)
7. Clinical Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics • Vol 1 • Issue 2 • 2018 40
Talhaoui, et al.: Association between malnutrition and cognitive impairment among morocco older adults
(Kenitra and Sidi Kacem city) known to have low income
for their habitat. In our study, 88.9% had no pension and we
found a significant association between pension and cognitive
function (P = 0.005), in fact, low income can indirectly affect
cognitive function by affecting the nutritional status of a
subject by limiting their capacity to buy aliments in terms of
quality and quantity.
The objective of the present study was to determine the
relationship between malnutrition and cognitive function.
In multivariate regression analysis, the malnutrition was
a risk factor for CI (OR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.34–6.85). This
result was similar to other cross-sectional study performed
by Mohamad et al., in three long-stay elderly institutions
in Beirut among 111 elderly (55 men and 56 women),
malnutrition (ORa = 3.03; 95% CI [1.41–6.53]), and low
education (ORa=1.72; 95% CI [1.16–2.56]) were the only
risk factors for cognitive impairment.[6]
Similar other study
performed by Shan et al., among 580 elderly residents
aged 90 years or more in China. In the multivariate model,
malnutrition (OR = 4.24, 95% CI: 1.89–9.52) was the risk
factor for cognitive impairment after adjustment for other
confounders factors.[24]
Aging outside of the presence of pathology is often
accompanied by loss of appetite caused by disturbance of
taste and smell which lead to changes in eating behavior
with a decrease in total energy intake and more particularly
a reduction in protein and fat intake.[35,36]
When lipids are
essentials elements of axons myelination (78–81% of the
dry weight) involved in the nerve impulses transmission.[37]
Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are rich in olive oil,
nuts, avocado, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can
be found mostly in fish and nuts. MUFA and PUFA are
both important elements for brain function. Number of
cross-sectional and longitudinal studies has confirmed
the link between MUFA, PUFA intake, and cognitive
function and that both could play a protective effect against
cognitive decline.[38-41]
Moreover, the brain has high energy
requirements, since this cerebral orange represents only 2%
of the total body mass, consumes 20% of the oxygen and
25% of the glucose consumed by the total human body.[42]
The brain is a complex organ with high metabolism which
by aging becomes more vulnerable to oxidative stress.
Vitamin B-9, B-12, and Vitamin E are most recognized to act
as anti-oxidative stress process. Vitamin B-9 which exist in
a variety of plant foods and Vitamin B-12 that can be found
exclusively in animal foods are found in some studies not all
to have link in slowing cognitive decline by supplementation
or dietary intake. Likewise, Morris et al. found that persons
in the highest quintile of total Vitamin E intake had a 36%
reduction in the rate of decline in cognitive score tests.[43]
Vitamin E is found in a variety of green vegetables, nuts,
and seed oil to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
properties.[44]
The multivariate analysis showed that low education
(OR = 8.35, 95% CI: 1.32–52.83) was risk factor for cognitive
impairment and PA (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.06–0.54) was a
protective factor. Mohamad et al. also found that education
was risk factor for CI in multivariate analysis.[6]
In fact, it is
not still clear whether education affects cognitive function or
cognitive score of MMSE, further study taking into account
education, gender, and age in cutoff classification is needed.
PA induces structural and functional changes in the brain
that could have biological and psychological benefits.[45]
Lochbaum et al. have demonstrated that aerobically trained
or active participants performed significantly better on the
fluid intelligence task than aerobically untrained or inactive
participants.[46]
This study has some limitation as mentioned
above we did not take into account sex, age, and education
different in cutoff classification which could classed some
normal illiterate persons as having CI. Furthermore, the kinds
of cross-sectional study do not take the association between
cognitive function and nutritional status according to time.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study supported past literature that malnutrition is a
risk factor of cognitive impairment which signified that
nutritional status monitoring can prevent it’s leading to AD.
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How to cite this article: Talhaoui A, Aboussaleh Y,
Ahami AOT, Sbaibi R, Agoutim N. Association between
Malnutrition and Cognitive Impairment among Morocco
Older Adults. Clin J Nutr Diet 2018;1(2):34-42.