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Mitotic cell division is the process by which somatic cells reproduce through nuclear division (mitosis) and cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis). During mitosis, the genetic material duplicates and the duplicated chromosomes are separated into two identical nuclei. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm and organelles, producing two daughter cells with identical genetic and cytoplasmic content to the original cell. The cell cycle coordinates cell growth and division, consisting of interphase where the cell grows and replicates its DNA, and the mitotic phase where it undergoes mitosis and cytokinesis to divide.
Mitosis is the process where a cell nucleus divides to form two daughter cells. It occurs in multiple stages: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During interphase, DNA replicates and organelles duplicate. In prophase, chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down. Metaphase arranges the chromosomes in the center. Anaphase separates the sister chromatids and moves them to opposite poles. Finally, in telophase, the nuclear envelope reforms and cytokinesis divides the cell into two identical daughter cells with identical genetic material.
This document provides guidance on writing a research paper. It discusses the key components of a research paper including the title, authors, table of contents, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, conclusions, and references. The introduction presents the problem and reviews previous literature. The materials and methods section describes the experimental design. The results section presents findings in a clear format like tables. The discussion interprets the data and results. The conclusions summarize the main findings. References are included to give credit to other relevant works. Proper formatting and citation of sources is important.
1) Cell differentiation occurs after cell commitment, which involves two stages - specification and determination. Specification makes a cell's fate reversible, while determination makes it irreversible.
2) There are three types of specification - autonomous, conditional, and syncytial. Autonomous specification relies on cytoplasmic determinants, conditional specification relies on cell interactions, while syncytial specification involves cytoplasmic bridges between cells.
3) Early experiments by Weismann and Roux supported autonomous specification, but Hans Driesch's isolation and recombination experiments on sea urchin embryos provided evidence of conditional specification, where a cell's fate depends on its neighbors.
The document discusses several models that describe the structure of the plasma membrane:
1) The fluid mosaic model proposed in 1972 depicts a bilayer of phospholipids with intrinsic and extrinsic proteins embedded within, giving the membrane a fluid-like quality.
2) The sandwich model from 1930 depicts phospholipids sandwiched between two layers of globular proteins.
3) The unit membrane model from 1959, which is most widely accepted, depicts a trilamellar structure with an inner and outer protein layer surrounding a thin hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer.
The plasma membrane is composed primarily of phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and some carbohydrates. Its role is to envelop and protect the cell while
Chemotaxonomy is a little bit difficult task for the students to learn and understand. This slide helps the teachers and students to take class and understood it in a liable way
Mitotic cell division is the process by which somatic cells reproduce through nuclear division (mitosis) and cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis). During mitosis, the genetic material duplicates and the duplicated chromosomes are separated into two identical nuclei. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm and organelles, producing two daughter cells with identical genetic and cytoplasmic content to the original cell. The cell cycle coordinates cell growth and division, consisting of interphase where the cell grows and replicates its DNA, and the mitotic phase where it undergoes mitosis and cytokinesis to divide.
Mitosis is the process where a cell nucleus divides to form two daughter cells. It occurs in multiple stages: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During interphase, DNA replicates and organelles duplicate. In prophase, chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down. Metaphase arranges the chromosomes in the center. Anaphase separates the sister chromatids and moves them to opposite poles. Finally, in telophase, the nuclear envelope reforms and cytokinesis divides the cell into two identical daughter cells with identical genetic material.
This document provides guidance on writing a research paper. It discusses the key components of a research paper including the title, authors, table of contents, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, conclusions, and references. The introduction presents the problem and reviews previous literature. The materials and methods section describes the experimental design. The results section presents findings in a clear format like tables. The discussion interprets the data and results. The conclusions summarize the main findings. References are included to give credit to other relevant works. Proper formatting and citation of sources is important.
1) Cell differentiation occurs after cell commitment, which involves two stages - specification and determination. Specification makes a cell's fate reversible, while determination makes it irreversible.
2) There are three types of specification - autonomous, conditional, and syncytial. Autonomous specification relies on cytoplasmic determinants, conditional specification relies on cell interactions, while syncytial specification involves cytoplasmic bridges between cells.
3) Early experiments by Weismann and Roux supported autonomous specification, but Hans Driesch's isolation and recombination experiments on sea urchin embryos provided evidence of conditional specification, where a cell's fate depends on its neighbors.
The document discusses several models that describe the structure of the plasma membrane:
1) The fluid mosaic model proposed in 1972 depicts a bilayer of phospholipids with intrinsic and extrinsic proteins embedded within, giving the membrane a fluid-like quality.
2) The sandwich model from 1930 depicts phospholipids sandwiched between two layers of globular proteins.
3) The unit membrane model from 1959, which is most widely accepted, depicts a trilamellar structure with an inner and outer protein layer surrounding a thin hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer.
The plasma membrane is composed primarily of phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and some carbohydrates. Its role is to envelop and protect the cell while
Chemotaxonomy is a little bit difficult task for the students to learn and understand. This slide helps the teachers and students to take class and understood it in a liable way
The fluid mosaic model of membrane structureJaya Kumar
The cell membrane is made up of a fluid mosaic of phospholipids and proteins. Phospholipids form a bilayer with hydrophobic tails pointing inward and hydrophilic heads facing out. This structure acts as a selective barrier. Embedded and integral proteins carry out important functions like transporting molecules and catalyzing reactions. The fluid mosaic model accounts for the membrane's fluidity and ability to allow movement of components while maintaining selective permeability.
Peroxisomes and glyoxysomes are specialized organelles that contain enzymes for oxidizing molecules and producing hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisomes are found in both plant and animal cells and contain enzymes like peroxidase and catalase. Glyoxysomes are only found in plant cells and help break down stored fatty acids into carbohydrates in seedlings. Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles that store water, ions, and waste products in both plant and animal cells. In plants, the large central vacuole allows cells to expand without diluting the cytoplasm and provides turgor pressure and rigidity to cells.
Lysosomes are spherical organelles that contain digestive enzymes called hydrolases. They are produced in the Golgi apparatus and contain hydrolytic enzymes that help break down macromolecules through processes like phagocytosis, endocytosis, and autophagy. Lysosomes function to digest cellular waste and debris and are sometimes referred to as the cell's "garbage disposal" or "recycling unit." Diseases can occur if lysosomal enzymes do not function properly or reach the lysosome, preventing the breakdown of cellular components and leading to their accumulation.
This document provides information on the structure of chromosomes. It begins by defining a chromosome as a threadlike structure found in the nucleus of cells that carries genetic information in the form of genes. Chromosomes are made up of 50% protein and 50% DNA, and contain many genes. The document then discusses the specific structures of chromosomes, including chromatids, centromeres, and chromosome arms. It also describes the chemical composition of chromosomes, noting they are made up of DNA, histone proteins, and other non-histone proteins involved in DNA replication and expression. The document concludes by discussing how DNA is packaged into nucleosomes and higher order structures to achieve its packing ratio within the chromosome.
Mutations can occur spontaneously during DNA replication or be induced by environmental factors like chemicals or radiation. Spontaneous mutations arise from errors in DNA replication or chemical changes to bases like deamination, while induced mutations are caused by mutagens that damage DNA like radiation, base analogs, or intercalating agents. Both spontaneous and induced mutations can lead to changes in the genetic code through base substitutions, insertions, or deletions.
The document summarizes the ultrastructure of plant cells by describing several key organelles and their functions. It discusses the cell wall, cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, plastids, mitochondria, and ribosomes. The endoplasmic reticulum is divided into rough and smooth types, with rough ER involved in protein synthesis and smooth ER producing lipids. Plastids include leucoplasts, chloroplasts, and chromoplasts. Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis while chromoplasts produce pigments. Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration. Ribosomes assemble amino acids to form proteins.
Secondary lymphoid organs include the lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal associated lymphoid tissues. These organs trap antigens and provide sites for lymphocytes to interact with antigens. The lymph nodes are highly organized and compartmentalized, containing B cell follicles and T cell zones. They filter lymph and antigens from tissues and initiate adaptive immune responses. The spleen filters blood and mounts responses against blood-borne pathogens, containing red pulp, white pulp, and marginal zones that trap antigens and present them to lymphocytes. Secondary lymphoid organs are critical for activating antigen-specific adaptive immune responses.
This document discusses cellular vesicles and membrane trafficking. It defines vesicles as membranous sacs that store and transport cellular products or waste. There are three main types of vesicles: secretory vesicles, transport vesicles, and storage vesicles. The document then discusses the mechanisms and proteins involved in vesicle formation, transport, and fusion, including endocytosis, exocytosis, clathrin, adaptor proteins, dynamin, Rab GTPases, and SNARE proteins. It also mentions some diseases related to problems in vesicle trafficking like botulism, tetanus, and familial hypercholesterolemia.
Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them
Chromosomal aberrations arise from structural changes or alterations in chromosome number. There are two main types of chromosomal aberrations: structural aberrations which involve changes in chromosome structure, and numerical aberrations which involve changes in chromosome number. Common types of structural aberrations discussed in the document include deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations. Deletions involve the loss of a chromosome segment, duplications the addition of an extra segment, inversions reverse the orientation of a segment, and translocations involve segments moving to new chromosomes. These structural changes can have varying genetic effects depending on the location and size of the alteration.
This document summarizes the process of meiosis. It begins by defining meiosis as the type of cell division that occurs in sex cells and results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It then describes the two divisions of meiosis - meiosis I and meiosis II. The rest of the document delves into the specific stages of meiosis I (prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I) and meiosis II. It also explains how genetic recombination occurs through crossing over in prophase I. Finally, it provides overviews of spermatogenesis and oogenesis, the processes by which sperm and eggs are formed through meiosis in
Multiple Sequence Alignment Tool Using NCBI COBALTMohsin Raza
This document discusses multiple sequence alignment tools. It describes how multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) are used to identify conserved regions across related sequences and determine consensus sequences. The document outlines different types of MSA, including progressive and iterative methods. It also describes the steps to perform a multiple sequence alignment using COBALT at NCBI, including uploading sequences, running the alignment, and editing results. The progressive method is noted as the most widely used due to its speed and accuracy, though it may not produce globally optimal alignments.
NCBI; Introduction, Homepage and about
Tools and database of NCBI
BLAST; Introduction, Homepage and types of BLAST
Some databases of NCBI
References
Acknowledgements
1) Eukaryotic genes can be organized in complex ways, including overlapping genes where coding sequences partially overlap, and split genes where coding sequences are interrupted by non-coding intron sequences.
2) Overlapping genes were discovered in bacteriophage X174, where the coding sequences of genes D and E overlap but are translated in different reading frames.
3) Split genes have exons, which are the coding sequences included in mRNA, and introns, which are intervening non-coding sequences not included in mRNA. Split genes were first observed in animal viruses in 1977.
Plastids are double membrane organelles found in plant and algae cells. They are responsible for manufacturing and storing food and often contain pigments used in photosynthesis. There are several types of plastids that serve different functions: chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are found in plant leaves to perform photosynthesis; chromoplasts contain colored pigments and are found in flowers and fruits; leucoplasts are non-pigmented and act as storage units for starches, lipids, and proteins in plant roots and other non-photosynthetic tissues.
structural chromosomal abberations and mutationdibya ranjan
Chromosomal mutations can arise spontaneously or be induced by chemicals or radiation. They are major contributors to genetic disorders and occur when there is a missing, extra, or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA. Common types of chromosomal mutations include deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations, which can occur through errors during meiosis. Large chromosomal mutations are often visible under a microscope and can cause conditions like Cri-du-chat syndrome or Prader-Willi syndrome in humans. Studying polytene chromosomes in insects has provided insights into chromosomal structural mutations.
This document discusses FASTA and BLAST algorithms for database searching to find similar sequences to a query. It explains that FASTA uses a "hit and extend" method to search for short identical matches, while BLAST searches for words above a threshold score rather than exact matches. BLAST is generally faster than FASTA and Smith-Waterman as it uses heuristics. The document provides details on how BLAST works including compiling a word list, searching the database for hits, and extending hits into alignments.
It deals with basics about the mechanism and changes happening in chromosome during cell division. You can understand the changes with the help of diagrams in this slide
This is a mini-research work presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a masters degree in Biochemistry, University of Ibadan.
Synthesis #1 Assignment SheetOverviewHaving the Critique u.docxmattinsonjanel
Synthesis #1 Assignment Sheet
Overview
Having the Critique under your belt as well as quite a few journal entries must feel pretty good! Use this confidence as we now move into our first long paper of the semester, Synthesis #1. At first, see this paper as an extended argument you make about a particular topic using secondary sources to persuade your reader.
Topic Selection
I really want you to explore a topic that interests you and motivates you to think critically and write persuasively. Do not simply summarize a reading and claim that it is “right” or “wrong.” Instead, you must see connections between readings and extend the thinking here in a way you see fit. Look around the world around you, think of topics you have thoughts about in this and other courses, and also speculate about what would happen if you took the thinking of certain authors further in your desired direction. I only require that your topic must deal in some way with media and pop culture—the theme of our readings in the course thus far. We will spend time in class brainstorming topics as well as looking at sample essays.
What is a Synthesis?
If anything confuses a student when writing an essay like this, it is the actual term “synthesis”. Don’t worry too much about this term; instead, see what you are doing as arguing a position with a variety of sources to help you. What you want to do in this essay is show that you can both sustain a logical and persuasive argument, and control sources and their use to your persuasive end. Try to have your secondary sources have a “dialogue” with each other in terms of what they do and do not agree with in relation to your argued positions. We will practice this in class. As a matter of fact, we have been practicing this since the first week of class in discussion (esp. the lively discussion we have had in class).
Additional Help with Synthesis
It is very important in this essay to “Establish connections among readings”. The more you can have a “dialogue” between your sources, the more credible you will be as an author and the more importance you may place on your assessment of the ideas being discussed.
This is an essay that may really be helped out by using some of the templates from They Say/I Say. I am not going to assign that you use them in a certain order, but I do think that the templates are excellent ways to start “saying something” if you are stuck. Review pages 55-75 in They Say/I Say for some directions.
Required Sources
I am requiring you to use between 4-6 sources to help your write your essay here. I would like you to use at least 2 from the readings in our 102 textbook . You may certainly use more. You may also bring in other sources you find on your own as long as they are credible and work in the assignment. Overall, I think you would be best served using 3-4 sources from the textbook, but I leave it open to you. Please use MLA Style for this essay as well as a Works Cited page.
The Assignment
Compose a 5- ...
This document provides guidance on academic writing from the University of Toronto. It offers general advice on essay writing, such as having a clear argument and supporting thesis. It also discusses organizing essays, such as formulating questions and maintaining a logical sequence. Additionally, it covers researching topics, integrating sources, revising writing, and different writing styles like annotated bibliographies and comparative essays. The overall document serves as a comprehensive guide for students on various aspects of effective academic writing.
The fluid mosaic model of membrane structureJaya Kumar
The cell membrane is made up of a fluid mosaic of phospholipids and proteins. Phospholipids form a bilayer with hydrophobic tails pointing inward and hydrophilic heads facing out. This structure acts as a selective barrier. Embedded and integral proteins carry out important functions like transporting molecules and catalyzing reactions. The fluid mosaic model accounts for the membrane's fluidity and ability to allow movement of components while maintaining selective permeability.
Peroxisomes and glyoxysomes are specialized organelles that contain enzymes for oxidizing molecules and producing hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisomes are found in both plant and animal cells and contain enzymes like peroxidase and catalase. Glyoxysomes are only found in plant cells and help break down stored fatty acids into carbohydrates in seedlings. Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles that store water, ions, and waste products in both plant and animal cells. In plants, the large central vacuole allows cells to expand without diluting the cytoplasm and provides turgor pressure and rigidity to cells.
Lysosomes are spherical organelles that contain digestive enzymes called hydrolases. They are produced in the Golgi apparatus and contain hydrolytic enzymes that help break down macromolecules through processes like phagocytosis, endocytosis, and autophagy. Lysosomes function to digest cellular waste and debris and are sometimes referred to as the cell's "garbage disposal" or "recycling unit." Diseases can occur if lysosomal enzymes do not function properly or reach the lysosome, preventing the breakdown of cellular components and leading to their accumulation.
This document provides information on the structure of chromosomes. It begins by defining a chromosome as a threadlike structure found in the nucleus of cells that carries genetic information in the form of genes. Chromosomes are made up of 50% protein and 50% DNA, and contain many genes. The document then discusses the specific structures of chromosomes, including chromatids, centromeres, and chromosome arms. It also describes the chemical composition of chromosomes, noting they are made up of DNA, histone proteins, and other non-histone proteins involved in DNA replication and expression. The document concludes by discussing how DNA is packaged into nucleosomes and higher order structures to achieve its packing ratio within the chromosome.
Mutations can occur spontaneously during DNA replication or be induced by environmental factors like chemicals or radiation. Spontaneous mutations arise from errors in DNA replication or chemical changes to bases like deamination, while induced mutations are caused by mutagens that damage DNA like radiation, base analogs, or intercalating agents. Both spontaneous and induced mutations can lead to changes in the genetic code through base substitutions, insertions, or deletions.
The document summarizes the ultrastructure of plant cells by describing several key organelles and their functions. It discusses the cell wall, cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, plastids, mitochondria, and ribosomes. The endoplasmic reticulum is divided into rough and smooth types, with rough ER involved in protein synthesis and smooth ER producing lipids. Plastids include leucoplasts, chloroplasts, and chromoplasts. Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis while chromoplasts produce pigments. Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration. Ribosomes assemble amino acids to form proteins.
Secondary lymphoid organs include the lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal associated lymphoid tissues. These organs trap antigens and provide sites for lymphocytes to interact with antigens. The lymph nodes are highly organized and compartmentalized, containing B cell follicles and T cell zones. They filter lymph and antigens from tissues and initiate adaptive immune responses. The spleen filters blood and mounts responses against blood-borne pathogens, containing red pulp, white pulp, and marginal zones that trap antigens and present them to lymphocytes. Secondary lymphoid organs are critical for activating antigen-specific adaptive immune responses.
This document discusses cellular vesicles and membrane trafficking. It defines vesicles as membranous sacs that store and transport cellular products or waste. There are three main types of vesicles: secretory vesicles, transport vesicles, and storage vesicles. The document then discusses the mechanisms and proteins involved in vesicle formation, transport, and fusion, including endocytosis, exocytosis, clathrin, adaptor proteins, dynamin, Rab GTPases, and SNARE proteins. It also mentions some diseases related to problems in vesicle trafficking like botulism, tetanus, and familial hypercholesterolemia.
Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them
Chromosomal aberrations arise from structural changes or alterations in chromosome number. There are two main types of chromosomal aberrations: structural aberrations which involve changes in chromosome structure, and numerical aberrations which involve changes in chromosome number. Common types of structural aberrations discussed in the document include deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations. Deletions involve the loss of a chromosome segment, duplications the addition of an extra segment, inversions reverse the orientation of a segment, and translocations involve segments moving to new chromosomes. These structural changes can have varying genetic effects depending on the location and size of the alteration.
This document summarizes the process of meiosis. It begins by defining meiosis as the type of cell division that occurs in sex cells and results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It then describes the two divisions of meiosis - meiosis I and meiosis II. The rest of the document delves into the specific stages of meiosis I (prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I) and meiosis II. It also explains how genetic recombination occurs through crossing over in prophase I. Finally, it provides overviews of spermatogenesis and oogenesis, the processes by which sperm and eggs are formed through meiosis in
Multiple Sequence Alignment Tool Using NCBI COBALTMohsin Raza
This document discusses multiple sequence alignment tools. It describes how multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) are used to identify conserved regions across related sequences and determine consensus sequences. The document outlines different types of MSA, including progressive and iterative methods. It also describes the steps to perform a multiple sequence alignment using COBALT at NCBI, including uploading sequences, running the alignment, and editing results. The progressive method is noted as the most widely used due to its speed and accuracy, though it may not produce globally optimal alignments.
NCBI; Introduction, Homepage and about
Tools and database of NCBI
BLAST; Introduction, Homepage and types of BLAST
Some databases of NCBI
References
Acknowledgements
1) Eukaryotic genes can be organized in complex ways, including overlapping genes where coding sequences partially overlap, and split genes where coding sequences are interrupted by non-coding intron sequences.
2) Overlapping genes were discovered in bacteriophage X174, where the coding sequences of genes D and E overlap but are translated in different reading frames.
3) Split genes have exons, which are the coding sequences included in mRNA, and introns, which are intervening non-coding sequences not included in mRNA. Split genes were first observed in animal viruses in 1977.
Plastids are double membrane organelles found in plant and algae cells. They are responsible for manufacturing and storing food and often contain pigments used in photosynthesis. There are several types of plastids that serve different functions: chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are found in plant leaves to perform photosynthesis; chromoplasts contain colored pigments and are found in flowers and fruits; leucoplasts are non-pigmented and act as storage units for starches, lipids, and proteins in plant roots and other non-photosynthetic tissues.
structural chromosomal abberations and mutationdibya ranjan
Chromosomal mutations can arise spontaneously or be induced by chemicals or radiation. They are major contributors to genetic disorders and occur when there is a missing, extra, or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA. Common types of chromosomal mutations include deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations, which can occur through errors during meiosis. Large chromosomal mutations are often visible under a microscope and can cause conditions like Cri-du-chat syndrome or Prader-Willi syndrome in humans. Studying polytene chromosomes in insects has provided insights into chromosomal structural mutations.
This document discusses FASTA and BLAST algorithms for database searching to find similar sequences to a query. It explains that FASTA uses a "hit and extend" method to search for short identical matches, while BLAST searches for words above a threshold score rather than exact matches. BLAST is generally faster than FASTA and Smith-Waterman as it uses heuristics. The document provides details on how BLAST works including compiling a word list, searching the database for hits, and extending hits into alignments.
It deals with basics about the mechanism and changes happening in chromosome during cell division. You can understand the changes with the help of diagrams in this slide
This is a mini-research work presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a masters degree in Biochemistry, University of Ibadan.
Synthesis #1 Assignment SheetOverviewHaving the Critique u.docxmattinsonjanel
Synthesis #1 Assignment Sheet
Overview
Having the Critique under your belt as well as quite a few journal entries must feel pretty good! Use this confidence as we now move into our first long paper of the semester, Synthesis #1. At first, see this paper as an extended argument you make about a particular topic using secondary sources to persuade your reader.
Topic Selection
I really want you to explore a topic that interests you and motivates you to think critically and write persuasively. Do not simply summarize a reading and claim that it is “right” or “wrong.” Instead, you must see connections between readings and extend the thinking here in a way you see fit. Look around the world around you, think of topics you have thoughts about in this and other courses, and also speculate about what would happen if you took the thinking of certain authors further in your desired direction. I only require that your topic must deal in some way with media and pop culture—the theme of our readings in the course thus far. We will spend time in class brainstorming topics as well as looking at sample essays.
What is a Synthesis?
If anything confuses a student when writing an essay like this, it is the actual term “synthesis”. Don’t worry too much about this term; instead, see what you are doing as arguing a position with a variety of sources to help you. What you want to do in this essay is show that you can both sustain a logical and persuasive argument, and control sources and their use to your persuasive end. Try to have your secondary sources have a “dialogue” with each other in terms of what they do and do not agree with in relation to your argued positions. We will practice this in class. As a matter of fact, we have been practicing this since the first week of class in discussion (esp. the lively discussion we have had in class).
Additional Help with Synthesis
It is very important in this essay to “Establish connections among readings”. The more you can have a “dialogue” between your sources, the more credible you will be as an author and the more importance you may place on your assessment of the ideas being discussed.
This is an essay that may really be helped out by using some of the templates from They Say/I Say. I am not going to assign that you use them in a certain order, but I do think that the templates are excellent ways to start “saying something” if you are stuck. Review pages 55-75 in They Say/I Say for some directions.
Required Sources
I am requiring you to use between 4-6 sources to help your write your essay here. I would like you to use at least 2 from the readings in our 102 textbook . You may certainly use more. You may also bring in other sources you find on your own as long as they are credible and work in the assignment. Overall, I think you would be best served using 3-4 sources from the textbook, but I leave it open to you. Please use MLA Style for this essay as well as a Works Cited page.
The Assignment
Compose a 5- ...
This document provides guidance on academic writing from the University of Toronto. It offers general advice on essay writing, such as having a clear argument and supporting thesis. It also discusses organizing essays, such as formulating questions and maintaining a logical sequence. Additionally, it covers researching topics, integrating sources, revising writing, and different writing styles like annotated bibliographies and comparative essays. The overall document serves as a comprehensive guide for students on various aspects of effective academic writing.
This document provides guidance on writing academic essays. It defines what an essay is and the main challenges of essay writing, such as determining what to include, avoiding subjectivity, and properly citing sources. The document recommends focusing the essay on an argument supported by evidence, using strong verbs, and dedicating sufficient space to introductory and concluding paragraphs. It also advises maintaining a clear focus, properly formatting quotations and citations, and engaging with feedback to continue improving writing skills.
Writing a Persuasive Paragraph or Essay Choose a deba.docxbillylewis37150
Writing a Persuasive Paragraph or Essay
Choose a debatable topic
A debatable topic has two valid arguments. Your topic should be one about which you know something. The more
evidence you can provide, the more likely you are to sway your audience. You must plan on doing research and your
essay must be documented properly.
Formulate an argumentative thesis
Some topics have been discussed so often they are tired, uninteresting and not worthy of discussion. Choose a
current topic. Because the purpose of a persuasive essay is to convince readers to accept your position, your thesis
must take a stand. One way to make sure that your thesis actually does take a stand is to formulate an antithesis, a
statement that takes an arguable position opposite from yours.
Define your terms
You must make clear the terms you use in your argument. Be careful to use precise language in your thesis, avoiding
vague words such as wrong, bad, right and immoral, which convey different meaning to different people.
Accommodate your audience
Who are your readers? Are they unbiased observers or people deeply concerned about the issue you are discussing?
Are they skeptical, hostile, emotional or unconcerned? How will you convince each type?
Consider opposing arguments
You must know how to refute opposing arguments. Do this by showing that opposing views are untrue, unfair,
illogical, unimportant or irrelevant. Discuss the limitations of the opposing view. When you acknowledge an
opposing view, do not distort it or present it as ridiculously weak. This tactic, called creating a straw man, could
seriously undermine your credibility.
Gather evidence
Build your argument on assertions, claims you make about a debatable topic backed by evidence which is
supporting information in the form of examples, statistics or expert opinion. Document your evidence carefully.
Establish your credibility
Establish your credibility by finding common ground, demonstrating knowledge, and maintaining a reasonable tone.
Demonstrate knowledge about your subject by personal experiences and research. Make certain that you document
source material very carefully. For your instructor, an undocumented quotation or even an incorrect date can call an
entire paper into question. Use reasonable language, not emotionally charged language that will turn away the
reader.
Present your points fairly
Avoid distorting evidence and quoting out of context. In other words, be honest.
Don’t Apologize
Never suggest that you don't know what you're talking about or that you're not enough of an expert in this subject
that your opinion would matter. Avoid phrases like, "In my humble opinion....I'm not sure, but....." Make a BOLD
statement and proceed with confidence!
Don’t Refer to Yourself
Do not announce what you are about to do in the essay. "In this paper, I will.......... The purpose of this essay is
to......." JUST DO IT! Do not.
This document provides advice on academic writing for university students. It covers various topics like essay structure, thesis statements, outlining, note-taking, research, citations, revisions, and specific types of writing assignments. The document emphasizes developing a clear argument, critical thinking, avoiding plagiarism, integrating sources, and revising for conciseness. It also includes tips for writing effectively in different disciplines and genres.
This document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing such as the pre-writing stage, introductions, conclusions, paragraphs, quotations, and punctuation. It discusses planning ideas and questions to consider in the pre-writing stage. It also offers tips for writing introductions, conclusions, and paragraphs as well as introducing and formatting quotations. Finally, it provides guidance on using punctuation like commas, semicolons, colons, dashes, and parentheses.
This document provides guidance on writing persuasive essays. It discusses establishing facts to support an argument, clarifying relevant values for the audience, and prioritizing facts and values to build the argument. It also mentions forming conclusions and convincing the audience that the conclusions follow from the agreed upon facts and shared values. The document provides strategies for completing a persuasive writing assignment such as determining facts and sources, evaluating an author's argument, and asking what is missing from an argument.
This document provides guidance on scholarly writing. It discusses:
- Scholarly writing uses evidence and follows disciplinary conventions for structure, documentation, and analysis. It tends to be formal.
- The third person voice ("The data show...") directs attention to evidence rather than opinions and sounds more scholarly than first or second person.
- Each discipline has its own writing conventions for formatting papers, analyzing data, and citing sources. Effective writers focus on clear arguments and concise writing.
The document provides guidance on writing academic assignments, including structure, formatting, and referencing. It recommends that assignments include an introduction outlining the topic, a main body section with analysis and arguments supported by research, and a conclusion summarizing the main points. The document also provides tips on formatting text, using headings, integrating quotes and references, and compiling a reference list in a standard format such as APA style. Students are advised to seek feedback and practice the skills of assignment writing.
Writing the Rough DraftThe purpose of this assignment is three-f.docxambersalomon88660
Writing the Rough Draft
The purpose of this assignment is three-fold.
1. First, almost every piece of writing that you complete at the college level will involve arguing for a specific viewpoint. Even essays that simply are informative are trying to convince the reader of the validity of the information. This essay will allow you to demonstrate that you understand how to compose an effective piece of persuasive writing.
2. Second, you will be required to write many research papers as you complete your academic career. This essay allows you to demonstrate that you understand how to effectively cite the information you gather from completing the research assignments that led up to writing this essay.
3. Finally, this essay gives you the chance to discuss something you feel is important, either for your own information or for the general population, and you get a guaranteed audience.
General Guidelines for Writing the Essay & Tips for Putting it Together
· Write a 6-8 page essay that discusses your research topic. Begin with a catchy first sentence and interesting first paragraph that explains why you chose this topic and why someone should read about this topic. If you wrote a good story for your Research Proposal, that story can become the introduction for your research essay.
· The first paragraph or two should discuss the issue, problem, or topic that you researched. It should provide any background information that is necessary for the reader to understand the essay, and it should define any unfamiliar terms. Once you introduce the topic and provide background information, then you should state your thesis and the main reasons for your thesis. You will continually refer back to the thesis statement throughout the paper, AND everything in the paper will be connected to the thesis statement. This will help you keep your focus and go deep rather than broad into the information you gathered.
· After you have introduced your topic and stated the thesis, explain your first sub-claim (a sub-claim is a claim that supports the main idea or thesis). Remember this is an essay so you should have one main point that you are trying to communicate. You may have found out many, many things that you cannot include. What is the most important information? What's the best way to get that across to your readers?
· Each paragraph is also like a mini-essay. Each paragraph will have one main point or idea that you are developing. Then you will explain the main idea and give examples.
· Use transitions between paragraphs and ideas so that the essay flows.
· Be sure to introduce your quotes and paraphrased ideas. You might want to review the lesson from the Summary folder that discusses paraphrasing, summarizing, and quoting. Do NOT just drop a quote into your paper without an introduction and discussion.
· Be sure to use ethos, pathos, and logos to strengthen your argument and appeal to your audience. Follow this link for a discussion of the rhetorical appeals an.
This document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing such as essay structure, research, and reading strategies. It recommends that essays have a clear argument, answer a question or thesis, and be logically organized to present the argument. Effective planning is important to produce a coherent paper. Strong introductions set up the topic and context while conclusions provide closure and further thought. Paragraphs should each focus on a central idea supported by topic sentences. Thorough research requires critical reading, note-taking, and evaluating sources. Previewing, skimming, and summarizing texts aid comprehension.
This document provides guidance on academic writing for a language and written expression course. It covers various topics such as organizing an essay, developing paragraphs, avoiding plagiarism, using sources, grammar rules for verbs and articles, and different types of writing like comparative essays, science writing, and admissions letters. The document emphasizes planning and outlining essays, using various paragraph structures, citing sources properly, and revising for clarity, style, and grammar. It also includes sections on writing literature reviews, research proposals, and bibliographies in academic format.
A chapter on writing skills from the textbook, Communication Skills, developed by the Language Communication for Development Department at the Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi.
A chapter on writing skills from the textbook, Communication Skills, developed by the Language Communication for Development Department at the Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi.
This document provides advice on academic writing. It discusses planning an essay by organizing ideas, researching efficiently through critical reading and note-taking, using sources properly by avoiding plagiarism, revising for clarity, and understanding the standard parts of an essay such as the introduction, thesis, paragraphs, and conclusion. Specific tips are given for each part, such as including a thesis at the end of the first paragraph and using topic sentences to unify paragraphs around a central idea. The document emphasizes organization, argumentation, integrating evidence, and crafting an engaging overall argument.
This document provides advice on academic writing. It discusses planning an essay by organizing ideas, researching efficiently through critical reading and note-taking, using sources properly by avoiding plagiarism, revising for clarity, and understanding the standard parts of an essay such as the introduction, thesis, paragraphs, and conclusion. Specific tips are given for each part, such as including a thesis at the end of the first paragraph and using topic sentences to unify paragraphs around a central idea. The document emphasizes organization, argumentation, and properly citing sources in academic writing.
Writing Strong Argument Papers Helpful Hints An argument or a .docxericbrooks84875
Writing Strong Argument Papers Helpful Hints
An argument or a persuasive paper has the power to make people change their minds about a topic, or allows them to really understand and accept your position as a valid one. You know how strongly people feel about their beliefs, so you can guess that writing a paper that will command the readers’ respect is challenging. So, in order to make strong arguments and to have the power to persuade people, follow some simple suggestions:
Get oriented:
1. Pick a topic you feel strongly about. It doesn’t matter whether you agree with it, or disagree with it. Think of points on both sides of the issue - the pros and the cons of each topic.
2. List some arguments from both sides and then think about how your audience feels about each of these.
3. Pick whichever side has the most convincing information - you might have to change your mind and change your main idea as you discover facts that you were not aware of as you started thinking about the topic.
4. Pay close attention to your audience. Think of what it believes in, and be prepared to discuss some of the points that would be most interesting to this group.
5. Once you considered both sides, and considered the audience, then you are ready to to take one side. Believe that you are right, and prepare yourself well to defend your thoughts. You will need good research to do this!
6. Make sure that there is reliable information available to support your position.
7. You will need facts, statistics, and reports from sources you and your audience can trust.
8. Make sure that you study the other side as well as you study your side. You don't want any surprise facts that you can't defend to show up after you finish your paper!
9. Be very well informed about the issue you want to discuss. Issues have different dimensions – there is always a social, a technical or scientific, an economic, or another type of intellectual aspect you will need to be aware of.
10. Be clear about which part, or point of the issue you are focusing on.
11. Anticipate objections and be prepared to address them.
12. Think of the points about this issue where there is common ground - where you can agree with the other side
Now You Can Start Writing
1. Assume that you will have many different opinions among your audience. Your readers will judge the strength of your arguments. Write your paper to convince them that your side makes the most sense.
2. Right in your introduction, establish credibility. Your readers need to know that you have studied the topic, that you are being open and fair-minded about it, and that you can understand their points of view. Here is a good place to address some of the points you have in common with the other side.
3. Include your thesis at the end of the introduction.
4. Support your thesis with the 3 strongest arguments you can find. These will be the outline of your paper.
5. Back your arguments up with very strong, specific evidence:
· Use .
This document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing such as planning, outlining, writing introductions and conclusions, developing paragraphs, critical reading, note taking, researching online, avoiding plagiarism, revising, and formatting papers. Some key points discussed are the importance of planning before writing, writing strong introductions and conclusions, ensuring paragraph unity and flow, taking careful notes, being cautious when researching online, and thoroughly revising and editing written work.
The document discusses the key characteristics and structure of academic writing. It states that academic writing has a formal tone, uses third-person perspective, focuses on the topic rather than author's opinion, uses precise word choice, and presents ideas with citations. It emphasizes that academic writing deals with underlying theories and alternative explanations. The document also notes that academic writing requires a clear introduction, body, and conclusion and follows formal writing guidelines.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
2. 2
ASSIGNMENT WRITING GUIDELINES
A/ Preparing
I. Your lecture notes will give you the basic framework ONLY of the ideas,
theories and concepts you will need to complete the assignment. These notes will
therefore NOT be sufficient on their own. You will need to make use of the required
reading, extra references and any other material you come across in the course of
researching your assignment.
II. When you are taking notes for your assignment, try and `translate' what the
author is saying into your own words. Don't just copy out huge chunks from other
people’s work, otherwise they will probably end up in your assignment with very little
of the wording changed (which is plagiarism). Also try to think about what is being
said from your own point of view - do you agree or disagree with the points that the
author is making?
III. Take down basic points from as many sources as you can manage and compare what
the authors are saying as you are reading. There will be both similarities and
differences in their views and it helps if you can begin to classify authors together.
IV. Try and only take down relevant points - authors don't (unfortunately!) write just so
that students can write assignments and not everything you read will be useful to you.
When you are taking notes, try and keep the assignment in mind – ask yourself how
you can use this material in the assignment itself.
V. Remember, for referencing purposes, to take down page numbers of all the
quotes you reproduce from other people’s work, and full citation details for each
source you use. See the referencing guidelines for details of how to reference
academic work. You can find free citation/referencing generator at
www.assignmenthelpsolutions.com
B/ Writing
I. Make sure you have understood what the assignment is getting at and that you
know how to complete it. In particular please be aware that no assignment will ask
you just to write down everything you know about a subject area – instead it will
require you to consider specific issues.
II. When evaluating different viewpoints, make sure you give each a `fair crack of the
whip'. You can't produce a valid conclusion unless you have sorted through the
arguments for each perspective in a balanced way - comparison often helps here.
Note: Assignments can be categorized in various paper types like Essay, Report, Case Study,
Coursework and Research Project. For more details on these visit
www.assignmenthelpsolutions.com
3. 3
III. Try to stick to the introduction/ discussion/ conclusion format in your essay - ie, set
the context of the essay and outline the structure of your argument, cover the relevant
material, and then tie the discussion up by summarizing what has been said and
offering YOUR opinion on what the question is asking about, based on the sources you
have used. The format and writing style differs based on paper type. Essay writing is
different from report writing. Detailed guidelines and samples are available on
www.assignmenthelpsolutions.com
IV. Make sure you `operationalize your concepts' - a posh way of saying `define the terms
you use'. However, don't go overboard - only `technical' terms (ie, that are not in
common usage) need to be defined. In general, you should aim to write for a layperson
– that is, someone who is not an expert in the area, but who will understand the
relevant ideas if they are explained properly.
V. You should provide evidence for all the assertions that you make during your
assignment; that is, make reference to ideas, theories and concepts, empirical research
and/ or experience of your own which support your claims.
VI. Direct quotations are always good to see - they prove you have read the source in
question for a start! However, again, don't go mad. A good rule of thumb is, if you can
say it just as well yourself, then don't use a direct quotation - but if you do summarize
what someone else is saying in your own words, don’t forget that you still need a
reference because this is an indirect quotation.
VII. Remember to cite the sources of ALL the ideas and quotations that you have used
in-text. Also, don't forget to provide a full bibliography - and don't try and pad it out!
Only list sources you have actually looked at. See the referencing guidelines, and ask
for help if you are stuck.
VIII. Try to write in a structured way - that is, make sure that one point links clearly to the
next. If you need to move on to new material, then try using constructions like
`Moving on’ or `On a different issue’ at the start of the new point. Also make sure you
link the sections of your argument together, so that your assignment is not just a
series of points. Linking points make an assignment flow better.
IX. You also need to try and paragraph properly. The most common tendency is to make
paragraphs too short, which gives the assignment a bitty, fragmented feel. It is difficult
to be prescriptive about paragraphing but the usual guidance is to end a paragraph
when you have finished discussing a particular point. If you feel that your paragraph is
getting too long, and you haven’t come to the end of the point, then break off at a
logical place and restart using a construction like `Moreover’, `Furthermore’,
`Additionally’ etc., which makes it clear that you are still discussing the same issue. We
also prefer you to use a FULL BLANK LINE to indicate a paragraph break.
X. Develop your points to make it clear what you are getting at - don't leave
arguments `hanging in mid-air'.
XI. Try not to be overly bombastic in your argument. Most if not all of the issues in the
discipline of management are a matter of opinion - so try not to make it sound as if
4. 4
what you are arguing is the definitive viewpoint. There will almost always be another
way to look at the issue.
XII. Please do not use sexist language. We MUCH PREFER gender inclusive language like
he/ she, his/ her, they, them, their etc. to gender exclusive language like he, him, his
etc. You should only refer to an individual as he or she (etc.) when you either know
their gender or you are directly quoting someone who uses sexist language (and
even then [sic] might come in handy … see the referencing guidelines). Also avoid
insensitive terminology such as `coloured person’ when you mean `person of colour’
or `queer’ when you mean `homosexual’.
XIII. Don't be afraid to ask for help - but do so in plenty of time before the deadline! You
might also want to consult the Written Style guidance which is available on the
university web site at http://www.assignmenthelpsolutions.com