The document discusses colonialism throughout history and its portrayal in E.M. Forster's novel "A Passage to India". It outlines various colonial empires from ancient civilizations to the modern British Empire. It then analyzes how Forster uses the novel to critically examine life under British rule in India in the early 20th century, depicting the tensions and conflicts that arise from the colonial system and how it affects relationships between the British colonists and Indian people. The document asserts that Forster shows colonialism as ultimately harmful to both groups.

1. Design by Naseem Hasrat

2. Colonial activities in history (general)
Colonial aspects in “A passage to India”

3.  Definition of colony
 Colonies in ancient civilizations
 Modern colonies
 British colony
 British Raj (1858 and 1947 )
 Colonial aspect in “a passage to India”

4.  A country or area under the full or partial
political control of another country and
occupied by settlers from that country.

5.  Egyptian colony
 Phoenician colonies ( Lebanon, Palestine, Israel and Syria)
 Greek colonies
 Roman colonies

6.  Portuguese
 French
 Spanish
 British Empire
The main European countries active in this
form of colonization
included Spain, Portugal, France,
the Kingdom of England, the Netherlands,

7.  By 1921, the British Empire ruled a
population of between 470 and 570 million
people, approximately one-quarter of the
world's population.
 Asia was the one of the biggest colony of
British emperor.

8.  East India company.
 Battle of Plassey.
 Sub-continent, or present-day India,
Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Myanmar.

10.  A Passage to India is an in-depth description of daily life in
India under British rule.
 Forster himself was British, but in the novel he is very
critical of colonialism.

11.  Forster also shows how the colonial system
makes the Indians hate and sometimes
condescend to the British.
 His overall message is that colonialism in
India is a harmful system for both the British
and the Indians.
 Friendships like that between Aziz and
Fielding are a rare exception, and even such
friendships are all but destroyed by the
problems and tensions of colonialism.

12.  In this novel “A passage to India” Forster
portrays most of the British men working in
India as at least unoriginal.
 But their positions in the colonial system
almost always push them towards becoming
racially prejudiced.
 This is played out most explicitly in the
development of Ronny’s character.

13.  The colonialists are by necessity in the role
of “oppressor,” no matter how individually
kind or open-minded they might be.
 This is best shown in the changes to Aziz’s
character throughout the novel, as he goes
from laughing at and befriending the English
to actively hating them.
 Friendships like that between Aziz
and Fielding are a rare exception, not the
rule, and even such friendships are all but
destroyed or thwarted by the problems and
tensions of colonialism.

14.  It also a realistic documentation of the
attitudes of British colonial officials in
India.
 Forster spends large sections of the novel
characterizing different typical attitudes the
English hold toward the Indians whom they
control.

15. "They ship them in ice-cold rooms. You can
make India in England apparently, just as
you can make England in India“.
 This hints at the economic exploitation.

16. Any Question

17. THANKS FOR
PATIENCE