Hinduism is one of the oldest known religions originating in India over 4,000 years ago. It has no single founder or clearly defined set of beliefs but is rather an amalgamation of diverse traditions that developed over time. Key aspects include belief in reincarnation and karma, worship of deities like Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, and following rituals at important life events from birth to death. With about 1 billion followers worldwide, Hinduism remains an influential religion concentrated primarily in South Asia but now found globally.
Fundamentalism across religions in India poses a threat to the country's democratic fabric. Religious fundamentalism promotes extreme views and intolerance toward other faiths. In India, various fundamentalist groups emerging from Hindutva, ISIS, and Christian sects express ideas like religious conversion, imposing one culture and religion, which cause harm. The rise of fundamentalism is fueled by increased religious conversions and a lack of openness to other faiths, leading to more attacks on religious sites. For India to prosper, people must embrace a more humanistic and love-oriented approach between religions instead of one dominated by laws and rigidity.
This document discusses the tactics used by Christian missionaries in India to convert Hindus to Christianity. It describes how missionaries dress like Hindu holy men, incorporate Hindu rituals into Christian worship, promise benefits like loan forgiveness to tribals for converting, and use tricks and false healings to convince people to convert. The document asserts that these conversions are not based on spiritual reasons but on material benefits and trickery. It also discusses how some Christian groups have created a confrontational environment against Hindus in Northeast India and forbid Hindu practices in some areas.
This document discusses the various tactics used by Christian missionaries in India to convert Hindus to Christianity. It describes how missionaries dress like Hindu holy men, teach Christian versions of Hindu rituals and symbols, and promise material benefits to persuade Hindus to convert. It argues this amounts to a "war against Hinduism" that is undermining Hindu culture and could reduce Hindus to a minority in India over time through these conversion activities and secular education that diminishes Hinduism.
Religion: Meaning, Definitions and Its Relationship With EducationSyed Basha
This document discusses the meaning and definitions of religion and its relationship to education. It provides four types of meanings for religion: the belief in and worship of God/gods, a particular system of faith and worship, blind belief in rituals and ceremonies, and spiritual development and service to humanity. Several definitions of religion are presented that focus on the bonds between man and God/gods and the moral and spiritual aspects of religion. The document states that religion and education have an intimate relationship, as religion inculcates moral qualities and is part of culture, while education broadens outlook and modifies behavior.
Mapping world religions and religiosityDanny Dorling
This document summarizes 16 maps showing the global distribution of adherents to various world religions and beliefs. It provides the key statistics on the number of adherents for each religion mapped, including their predominant geographical regions. The concluding section discusses how studying different beliefs can be worthwhile but cautions against doing so without critical thinking.
The document discusses several major world religions including Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Christianity. It explores the basic beliefs and practices of each religion as well as common misconceptions. The relationship between religion and politics is also examined, noting how some religions have influenced government and society both positively through social justice movements and negatively through increased sectarian tensions and civil wars.
The document provides an overview of the historical origins and basic beliefs of several major world religions, including:
- Abrahamic religions like Judaism, Christianity, and Islam trace their origins back to the prophet Abraham. They believe in one God and share scriptures like the Torah and Bible.
- Hinduism is one of the oldest religions originating over 4,000 years ago in India. It is a collection of traditions rather than a single religion and teaches goals of Dharma, Artha, Karma and Moksha. Core texts are the Vedas.
- Buddhism arose in India in the 5th century BC by Siddhartha Gautama and focuses on ending suffering through enlight
India is home to many religions that have a long history in the country. Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism originated in India and are the major Indian religions practiced by the majority. Other faiths like Christianity, Islam, Zoroastrianism, and Judaism were introduced in India's history through migration and missionary work. Today, India accepts a diversity of religious communities and guarantees religious freedom for all through its legal and social frameworks.
Fundamentalism across religions in India poses a threat to the country's democratic fabric. Religious fundamentalism promotes extreme views and intolerance toward other faiths. In India, various fundamentalist groups emerging from Hindutva, ISIS, and Christian sects express ideas like religious conversion, imposing one culture and religion, which cause harm. The rise of fundamentalism is fueled by increased religious conversions and a lack of openness to other faiths, leading to more attacks on religious sites. For India to prosper, people must embrace a more humanistic and love-oriented approach between religions instead of one dominated by laws and rigidity.
This document discusses the tactics used by Christian missionaries in India to convert Hindus to Christianity. It describes how missionaries dress like Hindu holy men, incorporate Hindu rituals into Christian worship, promise benefits like loan forgiveness to tribals for converting, and use tricks and false healings to convince people to convert. The document asserts that these conversions are not based on spiritual reasons but on material benefits and trickery. It also discusses how some Christian groups have created a confrontational environment against Hindus in Northeast India and forbid Hindu practices in some areas.
This document discusses the various tactics used by Christian missionaries in India to convert Hindus to Christianity. It describes how missionaries dress like Hindu holy men, teach Christian versions of Hindu rituals and symbols, and promise material benefits to persuade Hindus to convert. It argues this amounts to a "war against Hinduism" that is undermining Hindu culture and could reduce Hindus to a minority in India over time through these conversion activities and secular education that diminishes Hinduism.
Religion: Meaning, Definitions and Its Relationship With EducationSyed Basha
This document discusses the meaning and definitions of religion and its relationship to education. It provides four types of meanings for religion: the belief in and worship of God/gods, a particular system of faith and worship, blind belief in rituals and ceremonies, and spiritual development and service to humanity. Several definitions of religion are presented that focus on the bonds between man and God/gods and the moral and spiritual aspects of religion. The document states that religion and education have an intimate relationship, as religion inculcates moral qualities and is part of culture, while education broadens outlook and modifies behavior.
Mapping world religions and religiosityDanny Dorling
This document summarizes 16 maps showing the global distribution of adherents to various world religions and beliefs. It provides the key statistics on the number of adherents for each religion mapped, including their predominant geographical regions. The concluding section discusses how studying different beliefs can be worthwhile but cautions against doing so without critical thinking.
The document discusses several major world religions including Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Christianity. It explores the basic beliefs and practices of each religion as well as common misconceptions. The relationship between religion and politics is also examined, noting how some religions have influenced government and society both positively through social justice movements and negatively through increased sectarian tensions and civil wars.
The document provides an overview of the historical origins and basic beliefs of several major world religions, including:
- Abrahamic religions like Judaism, Christianity, and Islam trace their origins back to the prophet Abraham. They believe in one God and share scriptures like the Torah and Bible.
- Hinduism is one of the oldest religions originating over 4,000 years ago in India. It is a collection of traditions rather than a single religion and teaches goals of Dharma, Artha, Karma and Moksha. Core texts are the Vedas.
- Buddhism arose in India in the 5th century BC by Siddhartha Gautama and focuses on ending suffering through enlight
India is home to many religions that have a long history in the country. Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism originated in India and are the major Indian religions practiced by the majority. Other faiths like Christianity, Islam, Zoroastrianism, and Judaism were introduced in India's history through migration and missionary work. Today, India accepts a diversity of religious communities and guarantees religious freedom for all through its legal and social frameworks.
Major practices in Hinduism play an important role in passing on beliefs from one generation to the next. These practices include rituals surrounding major life events from birth to death. Some key rituals are the name giving ceremony that occurs around 12 days after birth, the thread ceremony for boys between 7-12 years old, and marriage and funeral ceremonies. The practices help to establish bonds within families and communities while reinforcing religious teachings.
There are two levels of indigenization in India according to the document: institutional indigenization and popular indigenization. Early missionaries focused on institutional indigenization by establishing western-style Christian organizations in India but neglected popular indigenization, which involves relating Christianity to local cultures, faiths, and theologies. Indian mission practitioners like Sadhu Sunder Singh placed more importance on popular indigenization by relating their practice to people of other faiths. The document discusses early missionary approaches, cultural evolution models, and attitudes toward other cultures. It emphasizes the importance of critical contextualization and an incarnational approach in contextual church planting to relate effectively with local indigenous communities.
Religion can both oppress groups and transform societies. Classical theorists like Marx saw religion justifying inequality, while Durkheim saw it promoting social cohesion through shared beliefs and rituals. Weber believed particular religions, like Protestantism, prompted social change by influencing views on work and economic success. Religious symbols and rituals help embed culture by marking major life events. While religion provides meaning and order, it can also legitimize power structures and divert attention from inequities according to conflict theorists.
Comparative analysis of judaism, christianity, andRhenidelGarejo
Comparative Analysis on the 3 monotheistic religion (WORLD RELIGION AND BELIEF SYSTEM)
DISCLAIMER: The author doesn't claim any title of ownership about the content of this presentation. For educational purpose only.
Humans have an innate desire to understand the world and find meaning that extends beyond everyday life. This has led them to explore both scientific and religious explanations for existence. While science seeks truth through empirical evidence and reason, religion attempts to answer deeper spiritual questions through faith, stories, and sacred texts. In modern times, science and secular rationalism have grown in influence while religion has declined, with many societies becoming more secular. However, religious belief still takes various forms from theism to agnosticism to atheism, and people hold different views about God and the divine.
The document discusses the role of religion in value education. It states that religious and values education helps students make informed decisions about personal faith and ethics by encouraging critical thinking and reflection. It also creates a harmonious learning environment where students can learn valuable lessons about living together and developing a sense of responsible citizenship and pro-social values like cooperation. India is cited as an example of unity in diversity, where people of various religions, cultures and traditions live together respectfully.
Hinduism originated in India around 2000 BC and is the oldest known religion. It has over 900 million adherents worldwide. George Harrison helped spread Hinduism through his music with The Beatles. Hindus believe in reincarnation, karma, and the authority of sacred texts like the Vedas. Major Hindu festivals include Holi, Diwali, and Mahashivarati. The three major denominations are Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Shaktism which worship Vishnu, Shiva, and Devi respectively.
Judaism was founded in 1300 BC by Abraham and has 14 million followers worldwide. It is most prominent in Israel, the United States, and Europe. Jews follow
The most beautiful aspect of Indian religious and social traditions has been their flexibility and adaptability.
In recent decades, superstitions, fears, desires, frivolous rituals and ostentatious celebrations have begun to dominate the sense of religiousness, rather than selfless prayers for general social well being, efforts to immerse into Nature, creating a path towards attainment of spiritual goals, and self-elevation as a human being.
But these distortions and irrationalities that have infested the social and religious customs and practices cannot be an argument against the religion itself.
The study of Indian religion, social customs and practices has encouraged me to adapt these customs and practices to suit my understanding and affordability.
Religion has profoundly shaped American culture since colonial times. Several colonies were established by religious groups seeking freedom to practice their faith, including the Puritans in Massachusetts, Quakers in Pennsylvania, and Catholics in Maryland. While Christianity remains the majority religion, its percentage is declining as more Americans identify as unaffiliated. Other factors driving changes in religious identification include generational replacement and increasing disaffiliation among older generations.
Chakrasamvara Center began in 2004 after hosting an event for the Dalai Lama and has since grown into a spiritual center in Miami that maintains a daily meditation schedule and hosts teachers. Wheel of Bliss Retreat in North Carolina was acquired in 2012 initially as a retreat space but was opened to other traditions to encourage interfaith fellowship as spiritual growth increases through collaboration. The retreat aims to be good stewards of the land through conservation programs to protect the 63 acre forest and transition to renewable energy while providing a sacred space for visitors.
Globalisation and hindu_radicalism_in_in(1)m kavandi
This document is the introduction chapter of a thesis titled "Globalisation and Hindu Radicalism in India". It provides background on religious diversity and tensions in India. The main research questions are about the effects of globalization on Hindu radicalism in India. The hypothesis is that globalization reduces Hindu radicalism. The study will use documentary and historical-analytical methods. It reviews literature on Hinduism, radical Hinduism, communalism, and globalization in India. The introduction defines key terms and outlines the chapters on Hindu radicalism, globalization, Indian voting behavior, and conclusions. It establishes the importance of studying how globalization may influence religious and political confrontation in India.
The Walk of Hope led by Sri M, founder of Manav Ekta Mission, is a 15-18 month long padayatra from Kanyakumari to Kashmir covering 6500 km through 11 Indian states. It aims to promote peace, secularism, harmony and unity across religious, cultural and ideological differences. The padayatra will pass through Mysuru on March 19th-20th, where Sri M will conduct satsangs. Mysoreans are encouraged to participate in large numbers to spread the message of harmony and peace.
Philosophical traditions from india and china, focusing on hinduism, buddhismCheapestPapers
This document provides an overview of the origins and spread of Hinduism and Buddhism. It notes that both religions originated in Southern Asia but spread widely due to trade and the fall of empires. Buddhism in particular spread from India to East Asia, at one point being one of the largest religions worldwide. The document discusses how the decline of empires contributed to the changing borders and spread of religious beliefs, as new faiths like Christianity and Islam emerged and expanded across Europe and Asia.
The document provides information about world religions, including their origins, characteristics, and similarities and differences. It discusses how religion involves belief in supernatural powers, and how all religions celebrate a sense of the sacred. It outlines the basic elements of wisdom/creed, worship/cult, and works/code that characterize religions. The document also summarizes the history, beliefs, and practices of Judaism, including its sacred texts, prayers, and synagogue worship.
This document discusses the definitions and relationships between education, religion, morality, secularism, and religious education. It provides definitions of these key terms from various sources. It also discusses different views on the connection between religion and morality as well as different approaches to religious education, including ways of understanding and commitment. The document concludes by discussing what can be learned from religion from a non-religious perspective based on the work of Alain de Botton.
Hinduism is a diverse religion with no single founder or religious authority. It emphasizes dharma (righteous living), karma (the effects of one's actions), samsara (the cycle of rebirth), and moksha (liberation from this cycle). Hinduism has survived multiple invasions through the deep faith of its followers in concepts like artha (purpose), kama (pleasure), and dharma, with the goal of attaining moksha. However, sectarian divisions and the pursuit of selfish goals have weakened Hinduism, while a focus on its philosophical teachings could strengthen it. True understanding and practice of Hinduism's doctrines, like karma, could help address today's problems
Swami Vivekananda was a Hindu monk born in 1863 in Calcutta, India. He founded the Ramakrishna Mission and Ramakrishna Math. Vivekananda believed that religion should be at the core of education and advocated for religious texts like the Gita, Upanishads, and Vedas to be part of the curriculum. He saw religion not just as theory but as a practical necessity for developing character, mental strength, and self-realization. Vivekananda's principles of education emphasized developing the character, physical abilities, intelligence, and spirituality of students in order to build a self-confident and self-reliant nation.
Role of religious communication during pandemic covid-19anshula garg
Religion and culture are essential elements of humanity, and it is through communication, that these elements of humanity are mediated.
Whether exploring these terms in health, interpersonal, intercultural, intergroup, mass, or other communication contexts, it is evident that understanding the intersection(s) among religion, culture, and communication offers vast opportunities for researchers and practitioners.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Major practices in Hinduism play an important role in passing on beliefs from one generation to the next. These practices include rituals surrounding major life events from birth to death. Some key rituals are the name giving ceremony that occurs around 12 days after birth, the thread ceremony for boys between 7-12 years old, and marriage and funeral ceremonies. The practices help to establish bonds within families and communities while reinforcing religious teachings.
There are two levels of indigenization in India according to the document: institutional indigenization and popular indigenization. Early missionaries focused on institutional indigenization by establishing western-style Christian organizations in India but neglected popular indigenization, which involves relating Christianity to local cultures, faiths, and theologies. Indian mission practitioners like Sadhu Sunder Singh placed more importance on popular indigenization by relating their practice to people of other faiths. The document discusses early missionary approaches, cultural evolution models, and attitudes toward other cultures. It emphasizes the importance of critical contextualization and an incarnational approach in contextual church planting to relate effectively with local indigenous communities.
Religion can both oppress groups and transform societies. Classical theorists like Marx saw religion justifying inequality, while Durkheim saw it promoting social cohesion through shared beliefs and rituals. Weber believed particular religions, like Protestantism, prompted social change by influencing views on work and economic success. Religious symbols and rituals help embed culture by marking major life events. While religion provides meaning and order, it can also legitimize power structures and divert attention from inequities according to conflict theorists.
Comparative analysis of judaism, christianity, andRhenidelGarejo
Comparative Analysis on the 3 monotheistic religion (WORLD RELIGION AND BELIEF SYSTEM)
DISCLAIMER: The author doesn't claim any title of ownership about the content of this presentation. For educational purpose only.
Humans have an innate desire to understand the world and find meaning that extends beyond everyday life. This has led them to explore both scientific and religious explanations for existence. While science seeks truth through empirical evidence and reason, religion attempts to answer deeper spiritual questions through faith, stories, and sacred texts. In modern times, science and secular rationalism have grown in influence while religion has declined, with many societies becoming more secular. However, religious belief still takes various forms from theism to agnosticism to atheism, and people hold different views about God and the divine.
The document discusses the role of religion in value education. It states that religious and values education helps students make informed decisions about personal faith and ethics by encouraging critical thinking and reflection. It also creates a harmonious learning environment where students can learn valuable lessons about living together and developing a sense of responsible citizenship and pro-social values like cooperation. India is cited as an example of unity in diversity, where people of various religions, cultures and traditions live together respectfully.
Hinduism originated in India around 2000 BC and is the oldest known religion. It has over 900 million adherents worldwide. George Harrison helped spread Hinduism through his music with The Beatles. Hindus believe in reincarnation, karma, and the authority of sacred texts like the Vedas. Major Hindu festivals include Holi, Diwali, and Mahashivarati. The three major denominations are Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Shaktism which worship Vishnu, Shiva, and Devi respectively.
Judaism was founded in 1300 BC by Abraham and has 14 million followers worldwide. It is most prominent in Israel, the United States, and Europe. Jews follow
The most beautiful aspect of Indian religious and social traditions has been their flexibility and adaptability.
In recent decades, superstitions, fears, desires, frivolous rituals and ostentatious celebrations have begun to dominate the sense of religiousness, rather than selfless prayers for general social well being, efforts to immerse into Nature, creating a path towards attainment of spiritual goals, and self-elevation as a human being.
But these distortions and irrationalities that have infested the social and religious customs and practices cannot be an argument against the religion itself.
The study of Indian religion, social customs and practices has encouraged me to adapt these customs and practices to suit my understanding and affordability.
Religion has profoundly shaped American culture since colonial times. Several colonies were established by religious groups seeking freedom to practice their faith, including the Puritans in Massachusetts, Quakers in Pennsylvania, and Catholics in Maryland. While Christianity remains the majority religion, its percentage is declining as more Americans identify as unaffiliated. Other factors driving changes in religious identification include generational replacement and increasing disaffiliation among older generations.
Chakrasamvara Center began in 2004 after hosting an event for the Dalai Lama and has since grown into a spiritual center in Miami that maintains a daily meditation schedule and hosts teachers. Wheel of Bliss Retreat in North Carolina was acquired in 2012 initially as a retreat space but was opened to other traditions to encourage interfaith fellowship as spiritual growth increases through collaboration. The retreat aims to be good stewards of the land through conservation programs to protect the 63 acre forest and transition to renewable energy while providing a sacred space for visitors.
Globalisation and hindu_radicalism_in_in(1)m kavandi
This document is the introduction chapter of a thesis titled "Globalisation and Hindu Radicalism in India". It provides background on religious diversity and tensions in India. The main research questions are about the effects of globalization on Hindu radicalism in India. The hypothesis is that globalization reduces Hindu radicalism. The study will use documentary and historical-analytical methods. It reviews literature on Hinduism, radical Hinduism, communalism, and globalization in India. The introduction defines key terms and outlines the chapters on Hindu radicalism, globalization, Indian voting behavior, and conclusions. It establishes the importance of studying how globalization may influence religious and political confrontation in India.
The Walk of Hope led by Sri M, founder of Manav Ekta Mission, is a 15-18 month long padayatra from Kanyakumari to Kashmir covering 6500 km through 11 Indian states. It aims to promote peace, secularism, harmony and unity across religious, cultural and ideological differences. The padayatra will pass through Mysuru on March 19th-20th, where Sri M will conduct satsangs. Mysoreans are encouraged to participate in large numbers to spread the message of harmony and peace.
Philosophical traditions from india and china, focusing on hinduism, buddhismCheapestPapers
This document provides an overview of the origins and spread of Hinduism and Buddhism. It notes that both religions originated in Southern Asia but spread widely due to trade and the fall of empires. Buddhism in particular spread from India to East Asia, at one point being one of the largest religions worldwide. The document discusses how the decline of empires contributed to the changing borders and spread of religious beliefs, as new faiths like Christianity and Islam emerged and expanded across Europe and Asia.
The document provides information about world religions, including their origins, characteristics, and similarities and differences. It discusses how religion involves belief in supernatural powers, and how all religions celebrate a sense of the sacred. It outlines the basic elements of wisdom/creed, worship/cult, and works/code that characterize religions. The document also summarizes the history, beliefs, and practices of Judaism, including its sacred texts, prayers, and synagogue worship.
This document discusses the definitions and relationships between education, religion, morality, secularism, and religious education. It provides definitions of these key terms from various sources. It also discusses different views on the connection between religion and morality as well as different approaches to religious education, including ways of understanding and commitment. The document concludes by discussing what can be learned from religion from a non-religious perspective based on the work of Alain de Botton.
Hinduism is a diverse religion with no single founder or religious authority. It emphasizes dharma (righteous living), karma (the effects of one's actions), samsara (the cycle of rebirth), and moksha (liberation from this cycle). Hinduism has survived multiple invasions through the deep faith of its followers in concepts like artha (purpose), kama (pleasure), and dharma, with the goal of attaining moksha. However, sectarian divisions and the pursuit of selfish goals have weakened Hinduism, while a focus on its philosophical teachings could strengthen it. True understanding and practice of Hinduism's doctrines, like karma, could help address today's problems
Swami Vivekananda was a Hindu monk born in 1863 in Calcutta, India. He founded the Ramakrishna Mission and Ramakrishna Math. Vivekananda believed that religion should be at the core of education and advocated for religious texts like the Gita, Upanishads, and Vedas to be part of the curriculum. He saw religion not just as theory but as a practical necessity for developing character, mental strength, and self-realization. Vivekananda's principles of education emphasized developing the character, physical abilities, intelligence, and spirituality of students in order to build a self-confident and self-reliant nation.
Role of religious communication during pandemic covid-19anshula garg
Religion and culture are essential elements of humanity, and it is through communication, that these elements of humanity are mediated.
Whether exploring these terms in health, interpersonal, intercultural, intergroup, mass, or other communication contexts, it is evident that understanding the intersection(s) among religion, culture, and communication offers vast opportunities for researchers and practitioners.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
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Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
2. The religion that I enjoyed studying the most was Hinduism. It was a somewhat difficult
choice to make because I enjoyed learning about several. I found Hinduism fascinating and
historically rich. To have a religion that is both structured, tolerant, and open-ended has me
in disbelief. It is one of the oldest known religions and to me that speaks volumes to still be
around today, not only in the founded area, but all around the world. The fact that the
religion is tolerant of other beliefs is another factor as well as the deities in the religion that
coexist without power struggles. Followers can choose how worshipping best fits them, and
not how they best fit the faith.
Why Hinduism?
3. Hinduism Origin
Much like the Banyan tree has no apparent beginning or central trunk; Hinduism has no clear origin date or founder.
It is something some believe developed gradually as a culmination of “prehistoric” religions of the sub-Indian region and the
Vedic religion of the Indo-Aryan culture. Academically speaking Hinduism is referred to as Brahmanism prior to 300 BCE (The
Origins, 2016).
Researchers estimate that Hinduism is approximately 4,000 years old, it is one of the oldest known religions (The Origins,
2016). There are approximately one billion Hindu worshippers around the world, less than one percent of those live outside
Asia and the Pacific (The Origins, 2016).
4. Lord Shiva
(Dabera Jean-Pierre, 2015)
Brahma
Jarvis Dennis, 2015
Lord Vishnu
PHGCOM, 2013
The Trimurti
Although Brahma is considered “creator” he is lesser to Vishnu, and does not typically have a following, but is
considered part of the Trimurti “trinity” this is the archetypal explanation of god as three types(Trimurti, 2020).
They represent Brahma-creation, Vishnu-preservation, and Shiva-Destruction (Trimurti, 2020). This would be
known in the Christian religion as the Holy Trinity.
Though there are
many there is no
true consensus of
how many deities
the Hindu Religion
has.
Trayastrimsati
Koti translates
to 33 Gods in
Athawa Veda
(Trimurti, 2020)
5. Rituals
There are rituals that take place daily, as well as rituals at major milestones in a person’s life. I will be going over the major
milestone rituals.
1. Garba Aadhana – The purification of parents for conception of child.
2. Pumsavana – Purification of mother carrying child.
3. Simantonmayana – Protection for mother and baby in utero.
4. Jatakarma – Purification of newborn.
5. Namakarana – Ceremony for naming infant.
6. Nishkramana – When infant travels from its home for first time
7. Annaprashana – When infant is fed solid food for the first time.
8. Chaulam – When the infant’s hair is cut for the first time.
9. Karnavedhana – When infant’s ears are pierced for the first time. (Hindu Rituals, 2020)
6. Rituals Continued
10. Aksharaabhyasa/Vidyaramba – When a child begins their formal education outside the home.
11. Upanayana – When boys begin wearing the sacred cloth.
12. Vedaarambha – When studying Vedas and Upanishads begins.
13. Keshanta/Ritusuddhi – When boys shave for the first time.
14. Samnaavartana – When formal education has been completed (college graduation).
15. Vivaha – When marriage occurs.
16. Anthyeshti – When one dies, funeral.
These rituals can change based on the community where they are completed.
Hindu Rituals, 2020
7. The Afterlife
Hinduism makes no promise to the afterlife, only the release following the resolution of Karma.
Shradda funeral rites are considered one of the most important rituals done in Hinduism. They
believe that it is crucial that the preparation of the body as well as the family members, and
cremation of the body must be done very specifically. If it is not done correctly the deceased will be
stuck between this life and the next (Rites and Ceremonies, 2021)
8. Worship
Mandir or Temple is primarily where the Hindu worship. Shrines are in many homes in India
leaving the Mandir for momentous occasions of worship, or when the request for divinity is
requested, many times made by those who have completed a pilgrimage. Marriages are
conducted in temples and are very lavish affairs (Jones & Ryan, 2016)
Today worship is done primarily through the use of an icon in one’s home. Prior to use a
complex ritual must be performed, this is when the divinity is placed in the icon, usually an
image. Once this is completed the image is treated as divinity itself (Jones & Ryan, 2016).
9. Hinduism Today
There are approximately one billion Hindus around the world today. The majority of worshippers are in the Asian-
Pacific region, this is more than 99% (Hindus, 2019).
There are roughly 2,250,000 worshippers in North America as of 2010 (Hindus, 2019).
An astonishing 94% of Hindus reside in India. Next would be Nepal at 2% and then Bangladesh at 1% (Hindus, 2019).
Today Hindus are younger with the median age being 26 years, the Asian-Pacific holds the youngest population, sub-
Saharan Africa follows with a median age of 30 years, then Latin America and the Caribbean at 32 years. In North
America, Middle East, North Africa, and Europe the median age is 33 years (Hindus, 2019).
10. Hinduism and The Greater Good
The act of giving is something that is important in Hinduism. Today The Hindu American
Foundation educates and advocates for others (Hindu American Foundation, 2021).
Issues that they are working on today are free speech, environmental issues, equality,
hate crimes, immigration, India, international religious liberty, LGBT rights, and women’s
rights. Through their website an individual can join the causes listed above as well as
supporting laws such as “Hold Pakistan Accountable” amendments that are being
presented to governing bodies (Hindu American Foundation, 2021).
11. The Future of Hinduism
Research done as of 2015 projected that Hindus will comprise 76.7%
or three in four Indians by the year 2050. There is religious strife
between Muslims and Hindus as we have seen historically with
Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India. According to Pew research India is
considered to be the highest social hostility to involve religion in the
world (Hackett, 2020).
12. References
Hackett, C. (2020, May 30). By 2050, India to have world's largest populations of Hindus and Muslims. Pew
Research Center. Retrieved September 15, 2021, from https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/04/21/by-
2050-india-to-have-worlds-largest-populations-of-hindus-and-muslims/.
Hindus. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. (2019, December 31). Retrieved September 18,
2021, from https://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-hindu/.
Hindu American Foundation. (2021, July 15). Retrieved September 15, 2021, from
https://www.hinduamerican.org/.
Hindu rituals. Hindu Rituals - Shodasa Samskaras (sanskar) - 16 sacraments of Hinduism. (2020). Retrieved
September 18, 2021, from https://shaivam.org/hinduism-a-perspective/hindu-rituals-sacraments-shodasa-
samskaras.
Jones, C. A., & Ryan, J. D. (2016). Temple, Hindu. In C. A. Jones, & J. D. Ryan, Encyclopedia of world religions:
Encyclopedia of Hinduism (2nd ed.). Facts On File. Credo Reference: https://search-credoreference-
com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/content/entry/fofhinduism/temple_hindu/0
13. References Continued
Rites and ceremonies. Patheos. (2021). Retrieved September 15, 2021, from
https://www.patheos.com/library/hinduism/ritual-worship-devotion-symbolism/rites-and-ceremonies.
The origins of Hinduism. (2016). In C. A. Jones, & J. D. Ryan, Encyclopedia of world religions: Encyclopedia of
Hinduism (2nd ed.). Facts On File. Credo Reference: https://search-credoreference-
com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/content/entry/fofhinduism/the_origins_of_hinduism/0
Trimurti. Trimurti - New World Encyclopedia. (2020). Retrieved September 19, 2021, from
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Trimurti.
14. Photos
Dabera, J.-P. (2015). Illustration. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 18, 2021, from
https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3967/shiva-with-nandi-aihole/.
Jarvis, D. (2015). Brahma, Chiang Mai. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 18, 2021, from
https://www.worldhistory.org/image/3851/brahma-chiang-mai/.
PHGCOM. (2013). Statue of lord vishnu. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 18, 2021, from
https://www.worldhistory.org/image/1185/statue-of-lord-vishnu/.