Humans have an innate desire to understand the world and find meaning that extends beyond everyday life. This has led them to explore both scientific and religious explanations for existence. While science seeks truth through empirical evidence and reason, religion attempts to answer deeper spiritual questions through faith, stories, and sacred texts. In modern times, science and secular rationalism have grown in influence while religion has declined, with many societies becoming more secular. However, religious belief still takes various forms from theism to agnosticism to atheism, and people hold different views about God and the divine.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
A religion is an organized collection of beliefs, cultural systems, and world views that relate humanity to an order of existence. Many religions have narratives, symbols, and sacred histories that are intended to explain the meaning of life and/or to explain the origin of life or the Universe.
Reference:
Book of Ava Ann P. Semorlan, PhD & Adrian P. Semorlan, MPA, MHSS, Ed.D. entitled Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship for Senior High School
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
A religion is an organized collection of beliefs, cultural systems, and world views that relate humanity to an order of existence. Many religions have narratives, symbols, and sacred histories that are intended to explain the meaning of life and/or to explain the origin of life or the Universe.
Reference:
Book of Ava Ann P. Semorlan, PhD & Adrian P. Semorlan, MPA, MHSS, Ed.D. entitled Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship for Senior High School
This power point helps Anthropology students to understand about anthropology of religion.
Mr. Kebede Lemu (Lecturer of Social Anthropology, Bule Hora University)
Introduction the Development of PhilosophySocrates ( the unexamTatianaMajor22
Introduction the Development of Philosophy
Socrates ( "the unexamined life is not worth living"
Demonstrate knowledge on:
What is Philosophy?
The noun philosophy means the study of proper behavior, and the search for wisdom. The original meaning of the word philosophy comes from the Greek roots philo-meaning "love" and -sophos, or "wisdom." ... In other words, they want to know the meaning of life.
Watch Video: What is Philosophy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRG-rV8hhpU
What is Ethics?
Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. ... Ethics seeks to resolve questions of human morality by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime.
View Video: What is Ethics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_t4obUc51A
4,200 religions
According to some estimates, there are roughly 4,200 religions in the world. The word religion is sometimes used interchangeably with "faith" or "belief system", but religion differs from private belief in that it has a public aspect.
List of Religions and Spiritual Traditions -
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions
Forms of Religious Belief : Monotheism, Atheism, Polytheism, Agnostic
A. Monotheism The term monotheism comes from the Greek monos, (one) and theos (god). Thus, monotheism is the belief in the existence of a single god.
B. Polytheism which is a belief in many gods
C. Atheism An atheist doesn't believe in a god or divine being. ...
D. Agnostic an agnostic neither believes nor disbelieves in a god or religious doctrine. Agnostics assert that it's impossible for human beings to know anything about how the universe was created and if divine beings exist. They are open to the possibility of a divine being an atheist is not open to such a possibility.
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Two Types of Religions/Historical and Mythological Religions
Mythological Religion Mythology is the main component of Religion. It refers to systems of legends and stories and concepts that are of high importance to a certain community, making statements concerning the supernatural or sacred. Religion is the broader term, besides mythological system, it includes ritual. A given mythology is almost always associated with a certain religion such as Greek mythology with Ancient Greek religion. Disconnected from its religious system, a myth may lose its immediate relevance to the community and evolve—away from sacred importance—into a legend or folktale.
Historical Religions can be traced back in history to actual people, places and events which are documented in history and archeology. Information about the teachings and life situation of Jesus, Mohammed, Moses, The Jewish Prophets can be found in historical records.
Religious Theory Philosophy( Ethics based on a Religious teaching) Religious philosophy is ...
Core ValuesExcellenceNo name University is an educational en.docxvoversbyobersby
Core Values
Excellence
No name University is an educational enterprise. All of us, individually and collectively, work hard to ensure that our students develop the character, learn the skills, and assimilate the knowledge essential to become morally responsible leaders. The success of our University depends upon a conscientious commitment to our mission, vision, and goals.
Community
No name University develops hospitable Christian learning communities everywhere we serve. We foster a spirit of belonging, unity, and interdependence based on mutual trust and respect to create socially responsible environments that challenge all of us to listen, to learn, to change, and to serve.
Respect
Animated in the spirit of Jesus Christ, we value all individuals’ unique talents, respect their dignity, and strive to foster their commitment to excellence in our work. Our community’s strength depends on the unity and diversity of our people, on the free exchange of ideas, and on learning, living, and working harmoniously.
Personal Development
No name University stresses the development of every person’s mind, spirit, and body for a balanced life. All members of the No name University community must demonstrate their commitment to personal development to help strengthen the character of our community.
Responsible Stewardship
Our Creator blesses us with an abundance of resources. We foster a spirit of service to employ our resources for University and community development. We must be resourceful. We must optimize and apply all of the resources of our community to fulfill no name University’s mission and goals.
Integrity
The commitment of no name University to excellence demands that its members live its mission and deliver on its promise. The faculty, staff, and students pledge to be honest, just, and consistent in word and deed.
SuMMARIZING THE OPTIONS
There was a time when it seemed that religion might just dis-
appear. Throughout the modern period secularism continued
to grow. It appeared that the religions of humankind would be
superseded by science and left behind as historical artifacts, like
Egyptian temples, the Greek gods, and many Christian churches
in Northern Europe today. Certainly the hope of a world with-
out religion continues to motivate some thinkers. Richard Daw-
kins’ ‘Beyond Belief ’ movement and advertising campaigns in
Britain and Canada have precisely this outcome as their goal.
And yet at present the outcome they strive for appears unlikely.
If anything, there has been a resurgence of religious commitment
in many cultures. Any decline in religion in Europe and North
America has been more than compensated for by the rapid
growth of Pentecostal and charismatic movements in churches
around the world. Even non-religious thinkers, such as Jürgen
Habermas, one of Germany’s leading philosophers, now speak
of moving – contrary to their and others’ expectations – into a
‘post-secular society.’1
Religion, then, it appears, is.
PLEASE READ THIS CAREFULLY! DO NOT ASSUME; READ IT. Final Examinvelmakostizy
PLEASE READ THIS CAREFULLY! DO NOT ASSUME; READ IT.
Final Examination Project for Spring Semester, 2018
Your assignment is to review the reading and writing we have done this semester and to answer two basic questions.
1. As you look around the world today, which trends in world religion might lead toward the abuse of human rights?
2. As you look around the world today, which trends in world religion might lead toward greater respect for and improvement of universal human rights?
Another way of framing the question is to ask in world religion:
1. Who is abusing people’s human rights?
2. Who is working to stop these abuses?
Yet another way of framing the question is to ask:
1. How has religion been used in the past to abuse people’s human rights?
2. How should religion be used to improve human rights in the future?
You have a lot of flexibility in how you compose this final essay. What I am looking for is your ability to take what you have learned this semester and put it into words. I want you to tell me how and why religion gets used to limit the rights people should have, and how and why religion gets used to help people to enjoy better basic human rights.
This should take the form of a clear, well developed essay using proper rules for quotation and citation. Length should be between two and four pages double spaced.
To help compose this assignment, you should read the following text which was circulated earlier in the semester.
Supernatural vs. Natural Ways of Thinking
(See Chapter 1 in your Book)
The two key concepts we will discuss here are Rationalism and Supernaturalism. First though, let’s review a little bit of what we said earlier about the connection between religion and culture. We want to keep this connection in mind the whole time we study world religions.
Each religion has physical/cultural exterior and a metaphysical/spiritual interior. If you visit a church, mosque, synagogue or temple, you will find that most of the people spend most of their time and effort dealing with the physical/cultural exterior, or the surface of whatever is going on. There will always be some people who will wish to explore and experience their religion on a deeper level. These are the folks who will participate in more of the special events that are held. These are the people who are looking to grow in faith and to delve deeper into the spiritual interior of their beliefs. Often these are the people who wish to challenge the status quo and to reach out to people who would be traditionally excluded from their culture group. One of the funny things about organized religion is that the spiritual interior of the faith often teaches us to let go of our attachments to the cultural exterior. This is why prophets are seldom welcome among their own people. (See Mark 6:4) Prophets call people to let go of their attachments to the cultural status quo and so they usually get in trouble with the authoritie ...
15 ReligionFigure 15.1 Religions come in many forms, such .docxaulasnilda
15 Religion
Figure 15.1 Religions come in many forms, such as this large megachurch. (Photo courtesy of ToBeDaniel/Wikimedia Commons)
Learning Objectives
15.1. The Sociological Approach to Religion
• Discuss the historical view of religion from a sociological perspective
• Understand how the major sociological paradigms view religion
15.2. World Religions
• Explain the differences between various types of religious organizations
• Understand classifications of religion, like animism, polytheism, monotheism, and atheism
• Describe several major world religions
15.3. Religion in the United States
• Give examples of religion as an agent of social change
• Describe current U.S. trends including megachurches and secularization
Introduction to Religion
Why do sociologists study religion? For centuries, humankind has sought to understand and explain the “meaning of life.”
Many philosophers believe this contemplation and the desire to understand our place in the universe are what differentiate
humankind from other species. Religion, in one form or another, has been found in all human societies since human
societies first appeared. Archaeological digs have revealed ritual objects, ceremonial burial sites, and other religious
artifacts. Social conflict and even wars often result from religious disputes. To understand a culture, sociologists must
study its religion.
What is religion? Pioneer sociologist Émile Durkheim described it with the ethereal statement that it consists of “things
that surpass the limits of our knowledge” (1915). He went on to elaborate: Religion is “a unified system of beliefs and
practices relative to sacred things, that is to say set apart and forbidden, beliefs and practices which unite into one single
moral community, called a church, all those who adhere to them” (1915). Some people associate religion with places of
worship (a synagogue or church), others with a practice (confession or meditation), and still others with a concept that
Chapter 15 | Religion 333
guides their daily lives (like dharma or sin). All these people can agree that religion is a system of beliefs, values, and
practices concerning what a person holds sacred or considers to be spiritually significant.
Does religion bring fear, wonder, relief, explanation of the unknown or control over freedom and choice? How do our
religious perspectives affect our behavior? These are questions sociologists ask and are reasons they study religion. What
are peoples' conceptions of the profane and the sacred? How do religious ideas affect the real-world reactions and choices
of people in a society?
Religion can also serve as a filter for examining other issues in society and other components of a culture. For example,
after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, it became important for teachers, church leaders, and the media to educate
Americans about Islam to prevent stereotyping and to promote religious tolerance. Sociological tools and methods, suc ...
What Should be the Christian View of Anime?Joe Muraguri
We will learn what Anime is and see what a Christian should consider before watching anime movies? We will also learn a little bit of Shintoism religion and hentai (the craze of internet pornography today).
Exploring the Mindfulness Understanding Its Benefits.pptxMartaLoveguard
Slide 1: Title: Exploring the Mindfulness: Understanding Its Benefits
Slide 2: Introduction to Mindfulness
Mindfulness, defined as the conscious, non-judgmental observation of the present moment, has deep roots in Buddhist meditation practice but has gained significant popularity in the Western world in recent years. In today's society, filled with distractions and constant stimuli, mindfulness offers a valuable tool for regaining inner peace and reconnecting with our true selves. By cultivating mindfulness, we can develop a heightened awareness of our thoughts, feelings, and surroundings, leading to a greater sense of clarity and presence in our daily lives.
Slide 3: Benefits of Mindfulness for Mental Well-being
Practicing mindfulness can help reduce stress and anxiety levels, improving overall quality of life.
Mindfulness increases awareness of our emotions and teaches us to manage them better, leading to improved mood.
Regular mindfulness practice can improve our ability to concentrate and focus our attention on the present moment.
Slide 4: Benefits of Mindfulness for Physical Health
Research has shown that practicing mindfulness can contribute to lowering blood pressure, which is beneficial for heart health.
Regular meditation and mindfulness practice can strengthen the immune system, aiding the body in fighting infections.
Mindfulness may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity by reducing stress and improving overall lifestyle habits.
Slide 5: Impact of Mindfulness on Relationships
Mindfulness can help us better understand others and improve communication, leading to healthier relationships.
By focusing on the present moment and being fully attentive, mindfulness helps build stronger and more authentic connections with others.
Mindfulness teaches us how to be present for others in difficult times, leading to increased compassion and understanding.
Slide 6: Mindfulness Techniques and Practices
Focusing on the breath and mindful breathing can be a simple way to enter a state of mindfulness.
Body scan meditation involves focusing on different parts of the body, paying attention to any sensations and feelings.
Practicing mindful walking and eating involves consciously focusing on each step or bite, with full attention to sensory experiences.
Slide 7: Incorporating Mindfulness into Daily Life
You can practice mindfulness in everyday activities such as washing dishes or taking a walk in the park.
Adding mindfulness practice to daily routines can help increase awareness and presence.
Mindfulness helps us become more aware of our needs and better manage our time, leading to balance and harmony in life.
Slide 8: Summary: Embracing Mindfulness for Full Living
Mindfulness can bring numerous benefits for physical and mental health.
Regular mindfulness practice can help achieve a fuller and more satisfying life.
Mindfulness has the power to change our perspective and way of perceiving the world, leading to deeper se
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way.pptxCelso Napoleon
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way
SBs – Sunday Bible School
Adult Bible Lessons 2nd quarter 2024 CPAD
MAGAZINE: THE CAREER THAT IS PROPOSED TO US: The Path of Salvation, Holiness and Perseverance to Reach Heaven
Commentator: Pastor Osiel Gomes
Presentation: Missionary Celso Napoleon
Renewed in Grace
HANUMAN STORIES: TIMELESS TEACHINGS FOR TODAY’S WORLDLearnyoga
Hanuman Stories: Timeless Teachings for Today’s World" delves into the inspiring tales of Hanuman, highlighting lessons of devotion, strength, and selfless service that resonate in modern life. These stories illustrate how Hanuman's unwavering faith and courage can guide us through challenges and foster resilience. Through these timeless narratives, readers can find profound wisdom to apply in their daily lives.
The Book of Joshua is the sixth book in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament, and is the first book of the Deuteronomistic history, the story of Israel from the conquest of Canaan to the Babylonian exile.
The Chakra System in our body - A Portal to Interdimensional Consciousness.pptxBharat Technology
each chakra is studied in greater detail, several steps have been included to
strengthen your personal intention to open each chakra more fully. These are designed
to draw forth the highest benefit for your spiritual growth.
In Jude 17-23 Jude shifts from piling up examples of false teachers from the Old Testament to a series of practical exhortations that flow from apostolic instruction. He preserves for us what may well have been part of the apostolic catechism for the first generation of Christ-followers. In these instructions Jude exhorts the believer to deal with 3 different groups of people: scoffers who are "devoid of the Spirit", believers who have come under the influence of scoffers and believers who are so entrenched in false teaching that they need rescue and pose some real spiritual risk for the rescuer. In all of this Jude emphasizes Jesus' call to rescue straying sheep, leaving the 99 safely behind and pursuing the 1.
The PBHP DYC ~ Reflections on The Dhamma (English).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma Reflections for the PBHP DYC for the years 1993 – 2012. To motivate and inspire DYC members to keep on practicing the Dhamma and to do the meritorious deed of Dhammaduta work.
The texts are in English.
For the Video with audio narration, comments and texts in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zF2g_43NEa0
The Good News, newsletter for June 2024 is hereNoHo FUMC
Our monthly newsletter is available to read online. We hope you will join us each Sunday in person for our worship service. Make sure to subscribe and follow us on YouTube and social media.
1. HRT 3M1
World Religions
WHY IS RELIGION PRACTICED?
It appears from archaeological records that one of the
aspects of human nature is a search for the divine.
Look at the following pictures and try to determine
what we can learn about being human from these
pictures? What do these images have in common?
What are humans looking for?
4. The Creation of Adam is a fresco
on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel,
painted by Michelangelo circa 1511.
It illustrates the biblical story from
the Book of Genesis in which God
the Father breathes life into Adam,
the first man.
5. Aztec Mythology
Aztec mythology tells of four
creator gods, each associated
with a direction and a color—
Tezcatlipoca, the north and black;
Quetzalcoatl, the west and white;
Huitzilopochtli, the south and
blue; and Xipe Totec, the east and
red. This drawing shows
Hueheuteotl, the god of fire,
surrounded by the four
directions.
7. Buddhism Wheel of Life
This wheel illustrates the
Buddhist worldview and
provides instruction on how to
live a good life. The wide circle
divided into six units, depicts
the six different levels of
conditioned existence, while
the outermost concentric ring
of the Wheel is divided into
twelve units, each depicting a
phase of the cycle of cause and
effect which keeps one
trapped in the six realms of
cyclic existence mentioned
above.
8. Why Religion?
Humans have always had a desire to understand their
world/universe on a level that is not evident in animals
Humans desire a greater meaning beyond ourselves and
our everyday lives.
This search for meaning comes in 4 areas:
The Physical (that which we can see and touch - SCIENCE)
The Communal (relationships with others)
The Rational (reason - PHILOSOPHY)
Spiritual Experience (RELIGION)
9. Why Religion
Because humans are searching for meaning we often
meet with things that we cannot understand – Mystery
Trying to decipher and understand this mystery is what
humans desire and can take two forms:
● Science
● Religion
10. Religious Questions
Religion attempts to answer the mystery of
existence through questions such as…
● Why do we exist?
● Is there immortality?
● What happens when we die?
● What is the “good life”?
● What is right and wrong?
11. Scientific Questions
Science attempts to answer the "mystery" of
existence through questions such as…
Big Bang Theory — How and why did the universe begin?
Time Travel — Is time travel physically or logically possible?
Meaning of Life — What's the point of living? why are we here?
Creation vs. Evolution — Are we descended from apes?
Artificial Intelligence — Could a computer have a mind?
Life After Death — What is death and why should we fear it?
Extraterrestrial Life — Are we alone in the universe?
Cultural Relativism — Are moral values relative or absolute?
Ethical Dilemmas — How do we decide between right and wrong?
Social Justice — Should the rich help the poor?
12. Worldviews
Science and Religion, while similar in that they
are attempting to answer the same questions, are
two different worldviews
There are 3 main worldviews:
● Cosmocentric
● Theocentric
● Secular Humanist
13. Cosmocentric
Nature itself is seen as an
expression of the sacred - the
universe is alive and filled with a
spiritual presence.
Human lives are seen as
dependent on nature’s patterns.
Stories, narratives and symbols
all reflect the beginning and
continuation of the cosmos.
Many NATIVE or
ABORIGINAL cultures see their
world in these terms and seek to
integrate ways to honour nature’
s sacredness into daily life.
14. Theocentric
This approach looks for deeper
understanding of a reality
beyond the cosmos.
As Christians we call this
REALITY, “God”.
The belief is that God created
the universe and is separate
from the universe; each person
is created in the image of God.
The purpose of life is to
discover the path that will lead
to (re)UNION with God and to
live in accordance with the rules
and values that reflect and can
achieve this purpose.
15. Secular Humanism
In the modern era humanity became interested in itself and its
own story – this has taken on religious or non-religious forms:
Secular humanists believe that the dignity of the person,
human life and happiness are achieved through human reason
and effort alone.
Goal of existence is to lead a good and useful life, focused on
‘NOW,’with no concern for eternity/no belief in an afterlife.
Committed to improving life through science, education, art
etc. So the main concerns of humans are fulfillment, growth and
creativity for individuals and humankind.
16. Secular Humanism
This view upholds the belief that there is NO divine presence
and NO NEED for one since all nature can be viewed
scientifically. Religion is an illusion; a stage to grow out of.
People are viewed as free individuals who are no longer linked
to a community.
To be authentic people must be true to themselves, not outside
rules. Beliefs, traditions, values and ethics based on reason NOT
revelation (religion based/irrational).
Secular Humanism is a way of thinking about the world where
the ONLY truth worth considering is one based on HUMAN
VALUES alone. Religion is pushed out of the picture, and
SCIENCE and technology are believed to provide the answers to
life’s problems
17. Science vs. Religion
Modern times have involved a growing emphasis on a scientific way of knowing –
what can be seen in the material world, what can be proven through observation
and what can be understood through reason. It became more accepted that
people should not accept anything as true unless they had observable and
measurable reason to hold something to be true.
This movement was known as RATIONALISM
For Discussion/Thought:
Q: CAN SCIENCE SAY ANYTHING ABOUT GOD???
Q: WHAT CURRENT ISSUES RAISE QUESTIONS OF REASON AND FAITH???
Q: IS RELIGION DEAD OR DYING???
18. Religion & the Modern World
Although there has been no official state religion in
Canada since 1867, it was founded by Christian
explorers and thus its forefathers established
institutions and laws based on Christian ideals.
Brainstorm: Answer the following questions before
going to the next slide.
● Where do we still see vestiges of Christianity in our society?
● What are some signs that the influence of Christianity is declining?
19. Vestiges of Christianity:
Vestiges of Christianity:
● Canada's legal and ethical system are largely based on Judeo-Christian
teachings
● We hear public figures asking God to bless our country
● Publicly funded Catholic school systems (Ontario)
● National anthem “God keep our land, glorious and free”
● Other ideas?
20. The Decline of Christianity
Evidence of change:
● Greater number of people in Canada claim to have no religion – 2001, 16.2 percent or 4.8 million
ppl (up from 1 percent in 1971)
● Popular culture reflects an increasingly secular world, often downplaying or mocking religiously
grounded standards or right or wrong
● Laws no longer requires stores to close on Sunday
● The idea that individuals should be able to decide for themselves what is right and wrong has
gained support (secular humanism).
Notes:
•In life, religion, politics, the economy, education, the sciences and morality were not seen as
separate entities. The church was the only source of meaning and morality.
•500 years ago in Europe it was almost unthinkable NOT to believe in God – this was true among the
Europeans who founded/settled Canada.
•Historically many Churches had connections to the state government, this is no longer the case.
•Peace of Augsburg determined that European rulers could decide on an official religion for the state
and all people in it
•Exploration increases desire for wealth etc. and increase exposure to other cultures and belief
systems
•Efforts to break the absolute power of kings and emperors. Democracy – questions the idea that
kings and emperors receive their power from religion or God
21. Religion & the Modern World
All the areas of life that had been overseen by the
Church (politics, economics, science, ethics etc.) began to
develop on their own, separate from religion.
Some aspects were now considered separated from
religion (SECULAR)
These disciplines looked less and less to the
Bible/Church for direction and encourage people to find
answers for themselves.
Science ,not religion, began to provide the foundation of
truth. Today religion is one of many social systems.
22. Views on God/Divine
While there are different ways to view the universe that
are also different ways to view and understand
God/Divine:
Terms:
¡Theism
¡Monotheism
¡Polytheism
¡Agnosticism
¡Atheism
¡Antitheist
¡Deism
23. THEISM
A theist is anyone who believes in the existence of at
least one god.
24. Other views of the sacred..
If you do not believe in at least one god – like the
forms of THEISM - There are also several ways in
which people may view the sacred.