Unit 4_Introduction to Server Farms.pptx

Unit : 04 Introduction to Server Farms

Introduction to Server Farms
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Contents
1. Introduction and Types of server farms and data centre
2. Software defined data center
3. data center topologies
4. Aggregation Layer
5. Access Layer
6. Storage Layer
7. Data Center Transport Layer
8. Data Center
9. IP Infrastructure ,Application, Security and Storage Services

Three distinct types of server farms exist:
• Internet
• Extranet
• Intranet
All three types reside in a Data Center and often in the same Data Center facility, which generally is referred to as the
corporate Data Center or enterprise Data Center.
 Server farms are at the heart of the Data Center.
 In fact, Data Centers are built to support at least one type of server farm.
 Although different types of server farms share many architectural requirements, their objectives differ.
 Thus, the particular set of Data Center requirements depends on which type of server farm must be supported.
 Each type of server farm has a distinct set of infrastructure, security, and management requirements that must be
addressed in the design of the server farm.
 Although each server farm design and its specific topology might be different, the design guidelines apply equally to
them all. 3
Types of Server Farms

Internet Server Farms
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 If the sole purpose of the Data Center is to support Internet-facing applications and
server farms, the Data Center is referred to as an Internet Data Center.
 users accessing the server farms primarily are located somewhere on the Internet and
use the Internet to reach the server farm.
 Internet server farms are available to the Internet community at large and support
business-to-consumer services.
 internal users also have access to the Internet server farms.
 The server farm services and their users rely on the use of web interfaces and web
browsers, which makes them pervasive on Internet environments

Internet Server Farms
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Two distinct types of Internet server farms exist
• Dedicated Internet Server Farms ( DISF)
-built to support large-scale Internet-facing applications that support the core business function
IDCs are built both by enterprises to support their own e-business infrastructure and by service
providers selling hosting services, thus allowing enterprises to collocate
the e-business infrastructure in the provider’s network.
• Demilitarized zone (DMZ) server farms (DMZSF)
- built to support Internet-based applications in addition to Internet access from the enterprise.
- These server farms typically are located in the demilitarized zone (DMZ) because
- they are part of the enterprise network yet are accessible from the Internet.
- These server farms are referred to as DMZ server farms

Intranet Server Farms
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Intranet server farms resemble the Internet
server farms in their ease of access, yet they
are available only to the enterprise’s internal
users.
The users accessing the intranet server farm
are located in the campus and private WAN.
Internet users typically are not permitted
access to the intranet;

Extranet Server Farms
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From a functional perspective, extranet
server farms sit between Internet and intranet
server farms.
Extranet server farms using web-based
applications, but, unlike Internet- or intranet-
based server farms, they are accessed only by a
selected group of users that are neither
Internet- nor intranet-based.
Extranet server farms are mainly available to
business partners that are considered external
yet trusted users.
The main purpose for extranets is to improve
business-to-business communication by
allowing faster exchange of information in a
user-friendly and secure environment.

Types of Data Center
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Data Center Type
Three distinct types of data centers exist:
• Internet Data Center
• Corporate Data Center
• Software Defined Data Center

Internet Data Center
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• Internet Data Center (IDC) is a place established by a service provider
or IDC company to provide stable and wide-band networks with high
performance computers as a service to their customers.
• Internet Data Centers (IDCs) traditionally are built and operated by
service providers, yet enterprises whose business model is based on
Internet commerce also build and operate IDCs.

Corporate Data Center
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Corporate or enterprise Data Centers support many
different functions that enable various business models
based on Internet services, intranet services, or both.
As a result, support for Internet, intranet, and
extranet server farms is not uncommon.

The architecture of the Corporate Data Center
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Software Defined Data Center
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An SDDC (software-defined data center) is a data storage facility in
which all infrastructure elements such as networking, storage, CPU and
security are virtualized and delivered as a service.
Deployment, operation, provisioning and configuration are abstracted
from hardware.
Those tasks are implemented through software intelligence

Data Center Topologies
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Data center topology refers to the general construction of a data center.
The types of layout and related technologies help to address the needs
of a data center in handling business intelligence as a central repository.

Generic Layer 3/Layer 2 Designs
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The key Layer 3 functions performed by the
aggregation switches are as follows:
• Forwarding packets based on Layer 3
information between the server farm and
the rest of the network
• Maintaining a "view" of the routed
network that is expected to change
dynamically as network changes take
place
• Supporting default gateways for the server
farms

Multiple-tier Designs
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• Most applications conform to either the client/server
model or then-tier model, which implies most networks,
and more server farms needed who support these
application environments
• The tiers supported by the Data Center infrastructure are
driven by the specific applications and could be any
combination of applications from the client/server to the
client/web server/application server/database server.
• The communication requirements between tiers are
typically high security(firewalling), scalability and
performance(load balancers).

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Expanded Multi Tier Design
• The physical separation between the tiers of servers.
• Physical separation is used to achieve greater control
over the deployment and scalability of services.
• The expanded design is more costly because it uses more
devices, yet it allows for more control and
better scalability
• For example, placing a firewall between tiers is regarded as
amore secure approach because of the
physical separation between the Layer 2 switches

Aggregation Layer
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Aggregation layer provide important
functions, such as service module
integration, Layer 2 domain
definitions, spanning tree processing,
and default gateway redundancy.
Server-to-server multi-tier traffic flows
through the aggregation layer and can
use services, such as firewall and server
load balancing, to optimize and secure
applications..

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Access Layer
Access layer provide Layer 2 connectivity and Layer 2 features
to the server farm.
The access layer defend by three segments.
1. Front-End Segment : The front-end segment
consists of Layer 2 switches , security devices or
features and the front end server farms.
2. Application Segment : The application segment has
the same network infrastructure component
as the front-end segment and the application server.
3. Back-End Segment : The back-end segment is the
same as the previous two segment except that it
support the connectivity to the database server.

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Storage Layer
• Storage Layer consists of the storage infrastructure
(switches ,routers, iSCSI, FCIP).
• Storage network devices provide the connectivity
to servers.
• Network used by these storage devices is referred
to as a SAN.
• The Data Center is the location where the
consolidation of applications, servers, and storage
occurs.
• The current trends in server and storage
consolidation are the result of the need for
increased efficiency in the application
environments and for lower costs of operation.

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Data Center Transport Layer
• Data center transport layer includes the transport technologies such as,
• Communication between distributed Data Centers for rerouting client-to-server
traffic.
• Communication between distributed server farms located in distributed Data
Centers.
• Builds on the network layer to deliver the data across the networks.
• Provide end-to-end connectivity across the network.And segments carry the data from one
network to another.
• Transport Layer use the TCP and UDP transport protocols.
• Transport technologies must support a wide range of requirements for bandwidth
and latency depending on the traffic profiles.

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Data Center Services
The main four Data Center Services are
1. IP Infrastructure Services
2. Application Services
3. Security Services
4. Storage Services

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1. IPInfrastructure Services
• The IP infrastructure represents a key boundary between a communications
medium and the applications that are built upon this medium.
• The basic unit of the IP infrastructure is the "packet".
• The IP infrastructure features are organized as follows:
 Layer 2
 Layer 3
 Intelligent Network Services

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Layer 2
• Layer 2 refers to the Data Link layer of the commonly-referenced multilayered
communication model, Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). The Data Link layer is
concerned with moving data across the physical links in the network.
• The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a conceptual model that
characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication or
computing.
• Layer 2 features support the Layer 2 adjacency between the server farms and the service
devices virtual local area network (VLANs),MediaAccess Control (MAC), Spanning Tree
Protocol (STP).

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Layer 3
Layer 3 is a network layer and this layer is responsible for packet forwarding including
routing through intermediate routers, whereas the data link layer is responsible for media
access control, flow control and error checking.
• Connection model : Connectionless communication
• Host addressing : Every host in the network must have a unique address that
determines where it is.
• Message forwarding : Since many networks are partitioned into sub-networks and
connect to other networks for wide-area communications, networks use specialized
hosts, called gateways or routers, to forward packets between networks

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2. Intelligent Network Services
The most common features are QoS and multicast.
Quality of service (QoS) is the overall performance of a telephony or computer network,
particularly the performance seen by the users of the network.
Important intelligent network services such as private VLANs (PVLANs) and policy-based
routing (PBR).
 Private VLANs: Private VLANs also known as port isolation, is a technique in
computer networking where a VLAN contains switch ports that are restricted
such that they can only communicate with a given "uplink". The restricted ports
are called "private ports“.
 Policy-based routing: Including source or destination network, source or destination
address, source or destination port, packet size, and packet classification among
others.

Multicast
Multicast (one-to-many or many-to-many distribution) is group communication where
information is addressed to a group of destination computers simultaneously.
Multicast in the Data Center enables the capabilities needed to reach multiple users
concurrently.
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3. Application Services
The following is a list of those features
1. Load balancing
2. Caching
3. SSL termination

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Load balancing:
Load balancing is dividing the amount of work that a computer has to do between two or more
computers so that more work gets done in the same amount of time and, in general, all users get
served faster.
Load balancers perform two core functions:
1. Scale and distribute the load to server farms.
2. Track server health to ensure high availability.

31
Caching
Caching is an area of a computer’s memory devoted to temporarily storing recently used
information.
SSL(Secure Sockets Layer) Termination
SSL termination refers to the process that occurs at the server end of an SSL connection, where
the traffic transitions between encrypted and unencrypted forms.

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Security Services
1. Access control lists : An access control list (ACL), with respect to a computer file
system, is a list of permissions attached to an object.
AnACL specifies which users or system processes are granted access to objects , as well
as what operations are allowed on given objects.
ACLs filter packets. Packet filtering through ACLs can prevent unwanted access to
network infrastructure devices.
2. Firewalls : A firewall is a system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a
private network. Firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and software, or a
combination of both.

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Security Services
3. Secure Management
• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) : It is a standard way of
monitoring hardware and software.
• Secure shall (SSH) : Sometimes known as Secure Socket Shell, is a UNIX-based
command interface and protocol for securely getting access to a remote computer.
It is widely used by network administrators to control Web and other kinds of
servers remotely.
• Authentication authorization and accounting(AAA) : The transactions of all
authorized and authenticated users are logged for accounting purposes, for billing,
or for postmortem analysis.

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5. Storage Services
• Storage services include the capability of consolidating direct attached disks by using
disk arrays that are connected to the network.
• SAN(storage area network) is a high-speed network of storage devices that also
connects those storage devices with servers. It provides block level storage that can be
accessed by the applications running on any networked servers.

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Storage Services
Types of managed storage
1. Locally managed storage : Advantages of this type of storage include a high-speed
access to data and greater control over data availability.Adisadvantage is that
additional space is required at local site to store the data.
2. Remotely managed storage : Advantages of this type of storage are that it
may be used an off site backup, it offers global access (depending upon configuration)
and adding storage will not require additional space at the local site. However, if the
network providing connectivity to the remote data is interrupted, there will be data
availability issues, unless distributed file systems are in use.

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Assignment
1. Do you think DMZs should be used more widely on internal networks to protect sensitive
resources such as intellectual property or sales data?
2. Explain the Data center server farm in details.
3. You need to answer below sets of problem.
1. Define the server farm and its types.
2. Explain the architecture of the Corporate Data Center.
3. Describe the data center services.
4. Explain theAggregation Layer and access layer in detail.
5. Explain the data center topologies.

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Summary
 Data Center is to support Internet-facing applications and server farms, the Data Center is referred
to as an Internet Data Center.
 The dedicated Internet server farm is built to support large-scale Internet-facing applications that
support the core business function.
 The DMZ server farm of Internet server farm is built to support Internet-basedApplications in
addition to Internet access from the enterprise.
 Extranet server farms sit between Internet and intranet server farms.

38
stable
 Network virtualization combines network resources by splitting the available bandwidth into independent
channels that can each be assigned -- or reassigned -- to a particular server or device in real time.
 Caching is an area of a computer’s memory devoted to temporarily storing recently used information.
 Load balancing is dividing the amount of work that a computer has to do between two or more computers so
that more work gets done in the same amount of time and, in general, all users get served faster.
 The IP infrastructure represents a key boundary between a communications medium and the applications
that are built upon this medium.
 Storage Layer consists of the storage infrastructure (switches ,routers, iSCSI, FCIP).
Summary
 Internet Data Center (IDC) is a place established by a service provider or IDC company to provide
and wide-band networks with high performance computers as a service to their customers.

Topics URL Notes
Introduction and Types
of server farms and data
centre
http://www.ciscopress.com/articles
/article.asp?p=102268
This link explains about server Farms and
data center.
Software defined data
center
https://www.techrepublic.com/artic
le/software-defined-data-centers-
the-smart-persons-guide/
This link explains about software defined
data center and its role and Why do
software defined data centers matter.
Data center topologies
http://www.ciscopress.com/articles
/article.asp?p=102268&seqNum=2
This link discusses Data Center topologies
and, in particular, the server farm
topology. Initially, the discussion focuses
on the traffic flow through the network
infrastructure (on a generic topology) from
a logical viewpoint and then from a
physical viewpoint.
Data Center Architecture
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/
docs/solutions/Enterprise/Data_Ce
nter/DC_Infra2_5/DCInfra_1.html
This link explains about structure of data
enter
Document Links
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Topics URL Notes
Server farms
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OpV6Y
v0mzYk
This video explains about the Server
Farms and How Do They Work.
Software Defined
Data Center
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
3OLXDJg_Zc
You will learn Basic of Software
Defined Data Centre (SDDC) and the
components that encompass this.
Data Center
Topologies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RbXGy
nrOFWM
In this video you will learn about data
center topologies.
Data center’s
architecture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o2Q-
bqYV6-w
This video explains about structure of
data center and Layers of a Data
Center infrastructure
Video Links
40

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Topics URL Page Number
Server Farms https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-25626 Page No 119 to 126
Data Center Topologies https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-25626 Page No 127 to 138
Data Center Transport
Layer
https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-25626 Page No 21 to 22
Data Center Services https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-25626 Page No 22 to 26
Storage Services https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-25626 Page No 26
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