Aspirations and wellbeing essp2-ifpri (july 30, 2010)essp2
This document discusses a study measuring aspirations and their impact on well-being outcomes in Ethiopia. The study aims to better understand poverty dynamics by exploring how aspirations are formed and their significance. It will document issues in measuring aspirations, devise ways to address these, and examine the relationship between aspirations, aspiration gaps, and future-oriented behavior. The study will involve surveying individuals, randomly assigning some to watch documentary films, then resurveying to analyze impacts on aspirations and behaviors like saving.
DIVERGENCE IN COMMERCIAL BANK LENDING DIMENSIONS: EMPIRICAL STUDY ON ETHIOPIAIAEME Publication
Quite a number of studies in the past in various countries accentuated the significance of demographic variables in lending decisions of bank-officials. Do the dimensions of commercial bank lending diverge by gender, age-group, banking experience, sector of the bank, and designation held by bank-officials in Ethiopia? This is the key issue that is tried to be answered by empirical testing in this study. For the purpose of this descriptive study of cross-sectional design, data were collected by means of a pilot-tested questionnaire from bank-officials across the country between February and July 2015.
The document discusses bad debts in the banking sector and their impact. It outlines factors that can lead to bad loans, such as lending to questionable borrowers or lack of collateral. Bad debts reduce bank profits. The document then recommends strategies for banks to address bad debts, such as improving risk analysis and credit controls, selecting professional lawyers, and establishing debt collection agencies.
The document discusses an integrated approach to journalism education. It recommends that journalism programs teach students to be multi-skilled by learning writing, editing, photography, design and other skills. As media converges, journalism education needs to prepare students for multi-dimensional, multi-platform news reporting. Curriculums also need to evolve with global trends and future industry needs, rather than focusing solely on current practices.
Sectoral and Economy-wide Analysis of the Ethiopian Livestockessp2
This document provides an overview of a research project analyzing Ethiopia's livestock sector. The project has 5 components: 1) reviewing livestock statistics and diagnostic studies, 2) GIS analysis of livestock potential, 3) analyzing livestock demand patterns, 4) examining livestock market integration and price formation, and 5) conducting a CGE analysis of the macroeconomic linkages of the livestock sector. The livestock sector is large and important to Ethiopia's economy but is underperforming with low productivity, morbidity, and export share. The research aims to fill gaps in understanding the sector at both micro and macro levels in order to inform policies to strengthen the sector's contribution to growth and poverty reduction.
Sport business webinar. The monetisation of football content 120404Tom Horsey
Mobile Opportunities for the Sports Industry
April 4, 2012 at 2:00 PM - 3:30 PM
Mobile Opportunities for the Sports Industry
Mobile in sport has been around for a while now and most industry players have a strategy in place to maximise it's potential for them. The question is, what are they doing, and more importantly which approach works the best?
SportBusiness dedicates a whole day to opening up discussions into questions just like this in its upcoming mSport Summit, and to give you a taste of what's to come we're offering you a FREE webinar on mobile sport.
Title: Monetisation of Football Content
Speaker: Tom Horsey
Tom Horsey, Senior Partner of the Crazy4Media Group, and CEO of Froggie Mobile Marketing Solutions, will show you how sporting clubs of all sizes are making the best use of what mobile can offer. Including case studies on the use of mobile by small, medium, and large sized teams.
This webinar features a guide to:
* Creating and build effective relationships with local fans
* Developing stronger relationships with distant fans
* Using mobile as a successful CRM tool
Aspirations and wellbeing essp2-ifpri (july 30, 2010)essp2
This document discusses a study measuring aspirations and their impact on well-being outcomes in Ethiopia. The study aims to better understand poverty dynamics by exploring how aspirations are formed and their significance. It will document issues in measuring aspirations, devise ways to address these, and examine the relationship between aspirations, aspiration gaps, and future-oriented behavior. The study will involve surveying individuals, randomly assigning some to watch documentary films, then resurveying to analyze impacts on aspirations and behaviors like saving.
DIVERGENCE IN COMMERCIAL BANK LENDING DIMENSIONS: EMPIRICAL STUDY ON ETHIOPIAIAEME Publication
Quite a number of studies in the past in various countries accentuated the significance of demographic variables in lending decisions of bank-officials. Do the dimensions of commercial bank lending diverge by gender, age-group, banking experience, sector of the bank, and designation held by bank-officials in Ethiopia? This is the key issue that is tried to be answered by empirical testing in this study. For the purpose of this descriptive study of cross-sectional design, data were collected by means of a pilot-tested questionnaire from bank-officials across the country between February and July 2015.
The document discusses bad debts in the banking sector and their impact. It outlines factors that can lead to bad loans, such as lending to questionable borrowers or lack of collateral. Bad debts reduce bank profits. The document then recommends strategies for banks to address bad debts, such as improving risk analysis and credit controls, selecting professional lawyers, and establishing debt collection agencies.
The document discusses an integrated approach to journalism education. It recommends that journalism programs teach students to be multi-skilled by learning writing, editing, photography, design and other skills. As media converges, journalism education needs to prepare students for multi-dimensional, multi-platform news reporting. Curriculums also need to evolve with global trends and future industry needs, rather than focusing solely on current practices.
Sectoral and Economy-wide Analysis of the Ethiopian Livestockessp2
This document provides an overview of a research project analyzing Ethiopia's livestock sector. The project has 5 components: 1) reviewing livestock statistics and diagnostic studies, 2) GIS analysis of livestock potential, 3) analyzing livestock demand patterns, 4) examining livestock market integration and price formation, and 5) conducting a CGE analysis of the macroeconomic linkages of the livestock sector. The livestock sector is large and important to Ethiopia's economy but is underperforming with low productivity, morbidity, and export share. The research aims to fill gaps in understanding the sector at both micro and macro levels in order to inform policies to strengthen the sector's contribution to growth and poverty reduction.
Sport business webinar. The monetisation of football content 120404Tom Horsey
Mobile Opportunities for the Sports Industry
April 4, 2012 at 2:00 PM - 3:30 PM
Mobile Opportunities for the Sports Industry
Mobile in sport has been around for a while now and most industry players have a strategy in place to maximise it's potential for them. The question is, what are they doing, and more importantly which approach works the best?
SportBusiness dedicates a whole day to opening up discussions into questions just like this in its upcoming mSport Summit, and to give you a taste of what's to come we're offering you a FREE webinar on mobile sport.
Title: Monetisation of Football Content
Speaker: Tom Horsey
Tom Horsey, Senior Partner of the Crazy4Media Group, and CEO of Froggie Mobile Marketing Solutions, will show you how sporting clubs of all sizes are making the best use of what mobile can offer. Including case studies on the use of mobile by small, medium, and large sized teams.
This webinar features a guide to:
* Creating and build effective relationships with local fans
* Developing stronger relationships with distant fans
* Using mobile as a successful CRM tool
This document summarizes a workshop on applying need-based transfers to large-scale problems like disasters. It discusses Keith Tidball's presentation on trees as symbols of resilience, rebirth and community recovery efforts after Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans. Tidball talked about how trees provided ecosystem services before the storm, and after became symbols of regeneration and memorialization, catalyzing community restoration work and virtuous cycles in the social-ecological system.
ACSF topical lunch -- URBIS and Rio +20: Developing a global research & polic...Keith G. Tidball
This document outlines objectives and activities for developing an interdisciplinary research program on urban sustainability and biodiversity. The objectives include developing a global urban biosphere policy initiative and contributing to the Cities Biodiversity Outlook. Key activities include hosting forums in Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janeiro to officially launch initiatives and partnerships, and increasing Cornell University's visibility at related Rio+20 events through presentations and panels.
Several Brazilian trade associations submitted comments to the US Department of Commerce regarding its proposed rule change to its zeroing methodology in antidumping proceedings. The associations support eliminating zeroing as it is an unfair trade practice that has been condemned by the WTO. However, they note some loopholes and ambiguities in the proposed rule that could still allow zeroing. They request clarification that zeroing will be prohibited in all circumstances and proceedings, and that the final rule apply immediately to all pending and future cases.
Twitter is emerging as a new form of ambient journalism where journalists and news organizations share brief updates and links via tweets, allowing readers to passively follow breaking news and ongoing events in real-time. While some have criticized Twitter as just gossip or trivial updates, when used by journalists it creates a new fragmented and multi-faceted experience of consuming real-time news from many sources at once through brief micro-bursts of data. This new format leverages principles of awareness systems to help readers construct an ongoing awareness of news stories and discussions through a peripheral stream of tweets.
Ethiopia’s value chains on the move: The case of teff (work in progress)essp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Seminar Series. March 19, 2013. EDRI Meeting Room
Adaptation to land constraints: Is Africa different? essp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Seminar Series. April 05, 2013. Addis Ababa University
This study examines the adoption of improved seeds and fertilizer by farmers in Ethiopia between 1999 and 2009. The researchers find that a farmer's decision to adopt new technologies is strongly influenced by the adoption decisions of their neighbors. A one standard deviation increase in the percentage of neighbors adopting a technology increases a farmer's likelihood of adoption by 11-12% for seeds and 19% for fertilizer. While learning from others helps drive diffusion, it is a gradual process limited by current local adoption levels.
The document discusses the need to strengthen and update the technical skills of library staff. It proposes establishing digital media labs at libraries to provide equipment and workshops to help staff develop skills in new media technologies and using these tools to create content. This would allow staff to better support patrons' technical needs and keep libraries relevant. The goals are to upgrade staff skills in new technologies, implement digital media labs, and make libraries important hubs for digital media literacy and cooperation.
This presentation is one of three created for a professional development workshop designed for medical school faculty. Creating the workshop project was an assignment for a graduate level course in library sciences. (I got an A!) Please ask permission for re-use.
In our discussions about what will happen in the digital marketing industry during the next 12 months, one overarching trend emerged: The basic rules of brand building are just as important for innovations in the digital space as they are for traditional forms of communication.
La norma europea anticorruzione ets173 che nessuno vuole in Italia Upwork
Sarebbe difficile sconfiggere l'ignoranza senza la libertà scevra di paura di perseguire la verità. Dal momento che il rapporto fra paura e corruzione è tanto stretto, non può meravigliare che in ogni società in cui matura la paura, la corruzione si radichi profondamente in tutte le sue forme.
Aung San Suu Kyi Aung San Suu Kyi
Dynamic Acreage Demand and Supply Response of Farm Households in Ethiopiaessp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) in collaboration with Ethiopian Economics Association (EEA). Eleventh International Conference on Ethiopian Economy. July 18-20, 2013
Improved access and use of mechanization in the tef value chainessp2
International Food Policy Research Institute/ Ethiopia Strategy Support Program (IFPRI/ ESSP)and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Coordinated a conference with Agriculutral Transformation Agency (ATA) and Ministry of Agriculutrue (MoA) on Teff Value Chain at Hilton Hotel Addis Ababa on October 10, 2013.
This document summarizes a lecture on problem tree analysis. It discusses analyzing problems by identifying main causes, effects, and underlying causes. A problem tree is used to map these relationships. It has causes on the bottom branching up to the focal problem, then effects on the top. Problem tree analysis helps prioritize issues, understand interconnections, and identify information and solutions needed. Steps include problem identification, problem tree analysis, and objectives analysis to translate problems into desired outcomes. Alternative strategies are assessed using criteria like costs, benefits, and feasibility to select the best activity strategy. An example problem tree on adolescent health in Kenya is provided.
This document provides background information for a study on improving financial decision-making among low-income single parents in Southeast Louisiana. It discusses how a lack of financial education can perpetuate poverty, and how building financial skills can expand opportunities. The purpose is to determine factors contributing to poor financial decisions in this population and how money management practices relate to financial confidence. Data will be collected through interviews and surveys of single parents, then analyzed using various qualitative methods to identify trends and relationships. The goal is to help this group make more informed, beneficial financial choices.
This document summarizes a workshop on applying need-based transfers to large-scale problems like disasters. It discusses Keith Tidball's presentation on trees as symbols of resilience, rebirth and community recovery efforts after Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans. Tidball talked about how trees provided ecosystem services before the storm, and after became symbols of regeneration and memorialization, catalyzing community restoration work and virtuous cycles in the social-ecological system.
ACSF topical lunch -- URBIS and Rio +20: Developing a global research & polic...Keith G. Tidball
This document outlines objectives and activities for developing an interdisciplinary research program on urban sustainability and biodiversity. The objectives include developing a global urban biosphere policy initiative and contributing to the Cities Biodiversity Outlook. Key activities include hosting forums in Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janeiro to officially launch initiatives and partnerships, and increasing Cornell University's visibility at related Rio+20 events through presentations and panels.
Several Brazilian trade associations submitted comments to the US Department of Commerce regarding its proposed rule change to its zeroing methodology in antidumping proceedings. The associations support eliminating zeroing as it is an unfair trade practice that has been condemned by the WTO. However, they note some loopholes and ambiguities in the proposed rule that could still allow zeroing. They request clarification that zeroing will be prohibited in all circumstances and proceedings, and that the final rule apply immediately to all pending and future cases.
Twitter is emerging as a new form of ambient journalism where journalists and news organizations share brief updates and links via tweets, allowing readers to passively follow breaking news and ongoing events in real-time. While some have criticized Twitter as just gossip or trivial updates, when used by journalists it creates a new fragmented and multi-faceted experience of consuming real-time news from many sources at once through brief micro-bursts of data. This new format leverages principles of awareness systems to help readers construct an ongoing awareness of news stories and discussions through a peripheral stream of tweets.
Ethiopia’s value chains on the move: The case of teff (work in progress)essp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Seminar Series. March 19, 2013. EDRI Meeting Room
Adaptation to land constraints: Is Africa different? essp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Seminar Series. April 05, 2013. Addis Ababa University
This study examines the adoption of improved seeds and fertilizer by farmers in Ethiopia between 1999 and 2009. The researchers find that a farmer's decision to adopt new technologies is strongly influenced by the adoption decisions of their neighbors. A one standard deviation increase in the percentage of neighbors adopting a technology increases a farmer's likelihood of adoption by 11-12% for seeds and 19% for fertilizer. While learning from others helps drive diffusion, it is a gradual process limited by current local adoption levels.
The document discusses the need to strengthen and update the technical skills of library staff. It proposes establishing digital media labs at libraries to provide equipment and workshops to help staff develop skills in new media technologies and using these tools to create content. This would allow staff to better support patrons' technical needs and keep libraries relevant. The goals are to upgrade staff skills in new technologies, implement digital media labs, and make libraries important hubs for digital media literacy and cooperation.
This presentation is one of three created for a professional development workshop designed for medical school faculty. Creating the workshop project was an assignment for a graduate level course in library sciences. (I got an A!) Please ask permission for re-use.
In our discussions about what will happen in the digital marketing industry during the next 12 months, one overarching trend emerged: The basic rules of brand building are just as important for innovations in the digital space as they are for traditional forms of communication.
La norma europea anticorruzione ets173 che nessuno vuole in Italia Upwork
Sarebbe difficile sconfiggere l'ignoranza senza la libertà scevra di paura di perseguire la verità. Dal momento che il rapporto fra paura e corruzione è tanto stretto, non può meravigliare che in ogni società in cui matura la paura, la corruzione si radichi profondamente in tutte le sue forme.
Aung San Suu Kyi Aung San Suu Kyi
Dynamic Acreage Demand and Supply Response of Farm Households in Ethiopiaessp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) in collaboration with Ethiopian Economics Association (EEA). Eleventh International Conference on Ethiopian Economy. July 18-20, 2013
Improved access and use of mechanization in the tef value chainessp2
International Food Policy Research Institute/ Ethiopia Strategy Support Program (IFPRI/ ESSP)and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Coordinated a conference with Agriculutral Transformation Agency (ATA) and Ministry of Agriculutrue (MoA) on Teff Value Chain at Hilton Hotel Addis Ababa on October 10, 2013.
This document summarizes a lecture on problem tree analysis. It discusses analyzing problems by identifying main causes, effects, and underlying causes. A problem tree is used to map these relationships. It has causes on the bottom branching up to the focal problem, then effects on the top. Problem tree analysis helps prioritize issues, understand interconnections, and identify information and solutions needed. Steps include problem identification, problem tree analysis, and objectives analysis to translate problems into desired outcomes. Alternative strategies are assessed using criteria like costs, benefits, and feasibility to select the best activity strategy. An example problem tree on adolescent health in Kenya is provided.
This document provides background information for a study on improving financial decision-making among low-income single parents in Southeast Louisiana. It discusses how a lack of financial education can perpetuate poverty, and how building financial skills can expand opportunities. The purpose is to determine factors contributing to poor financial decisions in this population and how money management practices relate to financial confidence. Data will be collected through interviews and surveys of single parents, then analyzed using various qualitative methods to identify trends and relationships. The goal is to help this group make more informed, beneficial financial choices.
The document summarizes research on aspirations and poverty in rural Ethiopia. It finds that poorer individuals and those in poorer communities tend to have lower aspirations. The researchers conducted a field experiment randomly assigning Ethiopian farmers to view documentaries about successful role models or a control. It found that viewing the documentaries led to small improvements in farmers' aspirations immediately and 6 months later. It also found small improvements in savings, credit use, school enrollment and spending, suggesting aspirations may influence behaviors. The results indicate aspirations could be a factor in poverty and that interventions may help raise aspirations and behaviors.
The document discusses preparation for outcome monitoring of HIV prevention interventions. It provides an overview of key concepts like evidence-based interventions, logic models, and outcome monitoring. It also gives examples of how to develop outcome objectives, collect outcome data through surveys, and analyze and report the results.
The document discusses how behavioral economics can be applied to improve social service programs and client outcomes. It explains concepts from behavioral economics like bounded rationality, heuristics, framing, and loss aversion. It provides examples of how these concepts influence financial decision making and recommendations for using insights from behavioral economics to better design programs, messages, and services. The document advocates applying these insights to enhance client understanding, program enrollment and success, through approaches like reframing financial education, addressing time preferences, and employing nudges and defaults.
Iioc consuming conference content, how and whyAsmitaHuddar
This document provides an introduction and overview for an online conference titled "International Interdisciplinary Online Conference: Assessment and Diagnostic practices for Specific Learning Disabilities: A Cross country Perspective". The conference aims to gain a consolidated understanding of assessment, diagnosis, and certification practices for specific learning disabilities in 7 countries, and provide an opportunity for participants to review their own practices and explore professional networking. It outlines 15 probe questions that will be asked of each presenter to allow for meaningful comparisons across countries. Key terms are also defined to ensure participants have a shared understanding. The conference objectives are listed as gaining cross-country understanding, reviewing one's own practices, and exploring professional linkages.
This document discusses different methods for collecting primary and secondary data. Primary data collection involves directly gathering new data through surveys, interviews, or experiments. It may be costly and time-intensive but allows customization. Secondary data uses existing data that was previously collected, which can save time and money but may have limitations like being outdated. Proper data collection requires defining the research question and population first to determine the appropriate method and variables to use. Common primary methods are experiments, telephone/written surveys, and interviews. Potential biases must be considered like nonresponse, selection, and observer bias.
The document provides an overview of a workshop on obtaining federal grants. It discusses assessing organizational capacity, developing goals and objectives, writing the proposal concept, needs assessment, evaluation measures, sustainability planning, developing a federal budget, and the grant writing process. Key areas covered include building the proposal based on requirements, developing timelines and partnerships, and qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods.
The document discusses indicators used to measure financial access and participation. It distinguishes between measuring observed access levels and understanding what drives access. New data sources like surveys of financial institutions can provide insights into geographic and socioeconomic dimensions of access as well as the "bankability" of potential clients. Randomized experiments are highlighted as a way to rigorously assess relationships between access, financial development outcomes, and economic and social impacts.
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The document summarizes an evaluation of the Heartland CIT (Crisis Intervention Team) program. It provides details of the program's comprehensive evaluation approach including on-site surveys, follow-up surveys, incident tracking forms, and focus groups. The evaluation found that the training increased officers' knowledge and improved their responses to mental health crises. Officers reported handling situations more calmly and connecting individuals with needed resources. The evaluation also identified opportunities to enhance the training, such as adding youth-specific or corrections-focused content. Overall, the evaluation demonstrated the value of the CIT program through collaborative data collection and stakeholder feedback.
The document describes a study that evaluated the Mad City Money financial literacy program for students. Surveys were given to students before and after participating in the program to measure changes in financial attitudes and knowledge. The results found statistically significant improvements in budgeting knowledge, tracking spending, and confidence setting financial goals. However, perceived importance of GPA was found to decrease unexpectedly. The discussion recommends continuing the program with adjustments to address the surprising GPA findings.
Can systematic reviews help identify what works and why?Carina van Rooyen
This document discusses systematic reviews (SRs) as a tool to evaluate the impact of development interventions. It notes calls from funders to demonstrate what works using evidence-based approaches. While randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are often advocated, SRs are presented as a way to overcome some of RCTs' limitations. The document summarizes a SR conducted by the authors on the impact of microfinance in sub-Saharan Africa. It took a pragmatic approach, including a variety of study designs and developing a causal pathway to understand impact. The SR found microfinance has the potential to benefit the poor but also identified challenges, calling for more and better evaluations.
Advantages & Challenges of collecting & using longitudinal studies for research and policy.
Marta Favara, Senior Research Officer & Paul Dornan, Senior Policy Officer
Young Lives, University of Oxford
DFID Statistics Conference
6 September 2016
1) The document summarizes key findings from the PISA 2012 assessment of financial literacy among 15-year-old students in 18 countries.
2) On average, students performed between levels 2 and 3 on the PISA financial literacy scale, indicating they can interpret basic financial documents but have difficulty with more complex tasks.
3) Performance varied widely between and within countries and was strongly linked to socioeconomic status. Girls, immigrant students, and those from rural areas tended to perform worse.
Cash transfer programs aim to alleviate poverty and promote human capital development by providing cash grants to poor families conditional on meeting responsibilities like school attendance and health clinic visits. Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs in Latin America were found to increase school enrollment and attendance as well as use of preventative health services. While CCT programs entail costs to administer and comply with conditions, studies using randomized controlled trials have found they generate benefits through improved educational and health outcomes. To evaluate if CCT programs are cost-effective, economic analyses methods like cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis are used to assess the relationship between costs incurred and quantitative impacts achieved.
Interpreting the evidence on impacts of programmes targeting adolescents
by Sonya Krutikova (Institute for Fiscal Studies, EDePo)
Young Lives International Conference - Adolescence, Youth and Gender: Building Knowledge for Change,
University of Oxford
8 and 9 September 2016
The document discusses the key aspects of introducing and defining a research problem. It begins by defining research and outlining its main functions. It then describes different types of research such as descriptive, explanatory, and experimental research. It also discusses other dichotomies that classify research such as pure/applied and quantitative/qualitative. Finally, it outlines the typical steps in the research process from identifying the problem to data analysis and reporting. The document emphasizes that properly identifying and defining the research problem is crucial as it forms the foundation of the entire research process.
The Measurement of Trust and Subjective Well-being: OECD Guidelines and pract...StatsCommunications
Third webinar of the series: Measuring people's perceptions, evaluations and experiences, 29 September 2020, More information at: http://www.oecd.org/statistics/lac-well-being-metrics.htm
Similar to Aspirations Failure and Well-Being Outcomes in Ethiopia (20)
This document discusses constrained multiplier analysis by relaxing the assumption of unlimited factor resources. It introduces the concept of constraining some sectors' production levels to model resource constraints in agriculture, mining, and government services. The constrained multiplier formula is derived, distinguishing between supply-unconstrained and constrained sectors. A matrix format is used to represent the formula, with the constrained multiplier calculated as the inverse of the identity matrix minus an adjusted coefficient matrix, multiplied by the exogenous components matrix. Readers are directed to a worksheet exercise to calculate constrained multipliers using the mathematical equations and Excel functions.
This document provides an introduction to multiplier analysis using social accounting matrices (SAM). It outlines how economic linkages transmit the effects of exogenous demand shocks through an economy. The direct and indirect effects are explained, with indirect effects including consumption and production linkages. An unconstrained SAM multiplier model is presented, with formulas derived to calculate economy-wide output, income, and sectoral responses to exogenous changes in demand. Exercises are provided to build a multiplier model in Excel and calculate multipliers.
The document provides an introduction to social accounting matrices (SAM) and economywide analysis. It discusses key concepts such as:
- SAMs capture the circular flow of income and expenditures between households, firms, government, and the rest of the world.
- Economywide analysis considers how changes in one sector can impact other sectors through economic linkages.
- A SAM shows payments by columns and receipts by rows to ensure double-entry bookkeeping and macroeconomic consistency.
- Building a SAM requires data from various sources like national accounts and household surveys, which are reconciled using statistical techniques.
Panel on ‘Statistical Data for Policy Decision Making in Ethiopia’, African Statistics Day Workshop organized by the Ethiopian Statistics Service (ESS). 17-Nov-22.
This document discusses sustainable food systems. It defines a food system as encompassing all actors and activities involved in food production, processing, distribution, consumption and disposal. A sustainable food system is one that provides food security and nutrition for current and future generations without compromising economic, social or environmental sustainability. It must be economically viable, socially equitable, and have neutral or positive environmental impacts. The food system is driven by biophysical, demographic, technological, political, economic and socio-cultural factors.
The document summarizes Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP), a large social protection program that aims to smooth food consumption and protect assets for chronically food insecure communities. Key points:
- The PSNP provides direct transfers and public works projects to build community assets like roads and irrigation. It supports up to 8 million beneficiaries with a budget of $0.5 billion annually.
- Independent evaluations show the PSNP improved household food security and dietary diversity but had little impact on child nutrition outcomes. It did not reduce labor supply or crowd out private transfers.
- While the PSNP enhanced resilience, graduation remains a challenge. Targeting in lowland areas also proved difficult. Ensuring timely payments
Some Welfare Consequences of COVID-19 in Ethiopiaessp2
1) The study examines the impacts of COVID-19 on food marketing margins in Ethiopia using phone surveys of farmers, wholesalers, and retailers conducted in February 2020 and May 2020.
2) The surveys found that over 50% of farmers reported receiving less income in May compared to usual times, though most planned to continue vegetable production. Wholesalers reported decreased transport options and client numbers but stable or lower costs, while most retailers saw lower client numbers but stable or lower costs and losses.
3) Retail prices for the main vegetables remained quite stable between February and May, suggesting marketing margins absorbed most impacts of COVID-19 disruptions on vegetable supply chains in Ethiopia during the
Improving evidence for better policy making in Ethiopia’s livestock sector essp2
1. The document discusses Ethiopia's evolving livestock sector and improving evidence for better policy making.
2. While livestock contributed little to GDP growth, there is considerable potential for growth given Ethiopia's large livestock populations and rising demand for animal-sourced foods.
3. Factors like education, household size, extension services, and herd size are positively associated with adoption of improved practices and inputs like vaccination and cross-breeding.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Food Security in Ethiopia – An Interim Analysisessp2
This document summarizes the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security in Ethiopia. It finds that the pandemic is likely to have large short-term negative economic effects through impacts on exports, imports, remittances and domestic lockdown measures. This will reduce GDP, household incomes, employment and agricultural market functioning. Many households are already experiencing income losses, higher food prices and shifts away from nutritious foods. Recommendations include continuing the government's response, addressing misinformation, expanding social safety nets and implementing selective lockdowns.
COVID-19 and its impact on Ethiopia’s agri-food system, food security, and nu...essp2
The document summarizes the effects of COVID-19 on agricultural value chains in Ethiopia. It discusses how measures taken to prevent spread of the virus, such as closing land borders and restricting movement between regional states, have reduced economic activity. It then outlines an assessment of local rural-urban value chains to understand how the pandemic is impacting farmers' incomes, market access, and food security. The assessment will focus on commodities like potatoes, onions, and tomatoes that rely on transportation between rural and urban areas. Recommendations will be made on how to minimize disruptions to the agricultural sector during this crisis.
This short document does not contain any clear topics, details, or essential information to summarize in 3 sentences or less. It only includes line numbers without any accompanying text.
AFFORDABILITY OF Nutritious foods IN ETHIOPIAessp2
This document summarizes research on the affordability of nutritious diets in Ethiopia. It finds that between 2001 and 2017, the cost of the least expensive diet providing adequate calories and nutrients for an adult woman increased 67% from $0.91 to $1.52. While real prices of some staple foods have decreased in recent years, prices of nutrient-rich foods like dairy, eggs, and meat have increased substantially. However, overall affordability has improved due to rising incomes. Still, ensuring adequate supply of nutritious foods is important to keep their prices low.
The EAT Lancet Publication: Implications for Nutrition Health and Planetessp2
The document discusses a publication by the EAT-Lancet Commission that aimed to define global scientific targets for healthy diets from sustainable food systems. It established a reference diet of 2500 calories per day consisting of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, plant proteins, unsaturated fats, and limited red meat and sugar. Current diets vary widely from this target. The commission also set planetary boundaries related to greenhouse gas emissions, land and water use, and nutrient flows to define a safe operating space for food production. Global modeling was used to identify combinations of measures needed to meet dietary targets sustainably by 2050, such as shifting diets, reducing food waste, and improving agricultural practices.
Sustainable Undernutrition Reduction in Ethiopia (SURE): Evaluation studies essp2
The SURE program is a government-led multisectoral intervention in Ethiopia that aims to reduce undernutrition through a package of interventions like joint household visits, cooking demonstrations, and media campaigns. Evaluation studies of SURE used a quasi-experimental design and found that children's dietary diversity is positively associated with reduced stunting, and that household production of fruits and vegetables was linked to increased child dietary diversity and reduced stunting. However, the studies also found variability in the delivery of nutrition messages across households and limited awareness of nutrition guidelines among local officials.
Policies and Programs on food and Nutrition in Ethiopiaessp2
This document outlines policies and programs on food and nutrition in Ethiopia. It discusses nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions, and the pathways through which nutrition-sensitive interventions can affect diet and food systems. It then provides an overview of Ethiopia's policy landscape on food and nutrition, outlining various strategies and policies that aim to improve nutrition, including the Food, Nutrition and Policy, Agriculture Growth Program Phase II, Productive Safety Net Program, and National Nutrition Program. The document concludes that Ethiopia has a favorable policy environment for improving diets and nutrition, but effective implementation, coordination, evidence-based scaling up of interventions, and strong monitoring and evaluation are still needed.
1) Access to nutritious foods is challenging for many households in Ethiopia, especially low-income households, due to high costs and an inability to afford animal-source proteins, zinc, iron, and other micronutrients that are critical for young children's development.
2) A study found that households in Ethiopia spend around 25,000 birr per year on food, with 14,535 birr from purchases and 11,000 birr from own production, but still struggle to meet half of nutritional requirements for children under two.
3) Factors like religious fasting practices and lack of separate feeding plates for children can negatively impact children's diet diversity in Ethiopia. Increased investment in small and
Kaleab Baye presented on diets and stunting in Ethiopia. Stunting rates have declined overall but inequalities persist, with the lowest wealth quintile having the highest rates. Complementary foods in Ethiopia are often low in quantity, diversity, and quality. Improving maternal and child nutrition requires interventions across food systems to increase availability, accessibility, and affordability of nutrient-dense foods as well as improving caregiver feeding practices and maternal health. Comprehensive measures are needed to assess diet quality and reduce consumption of unhealthy foods and risks to food safety.
This document discusses the linkages between irrigation and nutrition in Ethiopia. It notes that Ethiopia's Food and Nutrition Policy and Nutrition Sensitive Agricultural Strategy recognize the role of irrigation in improving nutritional outcomes. There are several pathways through which irrigation can impact nutrition, such as increasing food production, household income, access to water, and women's empowerment. Studies show that children and women in irrigating households in Ethiopia have better dietary diversity and nutrient intake, as well as reduced stunting and wasting, compared to non-irrigating households. Therefore, promoting irrigation can help improve nutrition in addition to increasing income and agricultural yields.
Aspirations Failure and Well-Being Outcomes in Ethiopia
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24. Sequence Household and individual survey: Aspirations + Xs Random allocation of invitation to documentaries /movies Screening documentaries Re-survey: Aspirations Re-survey: Aspirations + take-up rate Follow-up take up in CARE’s M&E system
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26. An Example 16 years of education – completed university 8 years of education – completed second cycle 0 years of education 4 Education of eldest child What is the level of education that your oldest child currently has? What is the level of education that you would like your oldest child to achieve? What is the level of education that you think your oldest child will achieve? What is the maximum level of education that a person can have in your village? What is the minimum level of education that a person can have in your village?
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Editor's Notes
Ethiopian households’ average expenditure pattern – stimulants vs. human capital - 2-4 times (HICE of 1995/96, 1999/2000, and 2004/05); Fatalism General - lack of proactive and systematic effort to better one’s own life (consistent with the language of the poor); Economic perspective - making the ‘investments to better one's life’.
For example, a person with a narrow aspiration gap with respect to wealth could be expected to have limited incentives to invest with the aim of increasing her wealth. Thus, low investment on the part of individuals provides an initial indicator of narrow aspiration gap.
A large measure therefore refers to a low level of aspiration Note: the exogenously set maximum is not determinant in itself as long as it is the same for all individuals. However, since they are locally specific and have a framing effect, they may limit the use of instrument for cross-surveys comparisons. So for now, the instrument is mostly to be used to test aspiration relationships.