1. The document discusses the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the growth of tourism in India. ICT has transformed the tourism industry by facilitating online booking, marketing and distribution of tourism-related services.
2. ICT allows tourism businesses to reach a global audience through websites and enables efficient management of supply chains. It provides opportunities for small businesses in industries like handicrafts to market and sell their products online to international customers.
3. ICT also benefits tourism development in rural areas in India by promoting rural tourism and preserving cultural heritage sites. Overall, ICT has changed tourism from an information industry to a knowledge industry by enabling analysis of large amounts of tourism-related data and information.
As in the real world, the digital economy has also thrown up its share of shifting buzzwords. From ‘e-Commerce’ and ‘dot.com’ at the turn of the century, the last couple of years have thrown up ‘ICT’ as the all encompassing technology and for business the newest buzz is undoubtedly ‘outsourcing’. Rarely has a single trend impacted global business and industry these last few years as much as outsourcing or ‘off-shoring’ as it is referred to in the US. Coming along with the compulsions of globalisation mandated by the WTO agreements it has helped develop new markets, improved bottom lines, expanded the range of goods and services and pulled the planet together into a tighter-knit community. This opportunity of outsourcing from the perspective of developing economies is ICT services export.
This study aimed to investigate the impact of mobile phone, land phone and internet (ICTs) on sales, market performance, room occupancy, profitability and credit facilities in the hospitality sector of tourism in the tourist city of Livingstone in Zambia. The study used multiple regression models to find out the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The study found that there was positive impact of ICTs usage on sales, marketing performance, room occupancy, profitability and credit facilities. The study found negative relationship between internet and profitability of the firm due to higher costs of internet access. The study suggested that the firms should work together as a pool to reduce internet costs, such as, the use of trivago.co.zm; booking.co.zm; hotels.com; agoda.com; expedia.com; etc.
This is my second lecture about experience design at HITLab i Ne Zealand. As designers we have this amazing opportunity to change the world, thus, in fact, we always design for the future and not the present. I believe that it is crucial to understand the changes that transform our societies not only from the economical or social perspective but also from the technological one. Trends allow us to see what the future could be like and provide inspiration to change it in a way be trust would be the best.
As in the real world, the digital economy has also thrown up its share of shifting buzzwords. From ‘e-Commerce’ and ‘dot.com’ at the turn of the century, the last couple of years have thrown up ‘ICT’ as the all encompassing technology and for business the newest buzz is undoubtedly ‘outsourcing’. Rarely has a single trend impacted global business and industry these last few years as much as outsourcing or ‘off-shoring’ as it is referred to in the US. Coming along with the compulsions of globalisation mandated by the WTO agreements it has helped develop new markets, improved bottom lines, expanded the range of goods and services and pulled the planet together into a tighter-knit community. This opportunity of outsourcing from the perspective of developing economies is ICT services export.
This study aimed to investigate the impact of mobile phone, land phone and internet (ICTs) on sales, market performance, room occupancy, profitability and credit facilities in the hospitality sector of tourism in the tourist city of Livingstone in Zambia. The study used multiple regression models to find out the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The study found that there was positive impact of ICTs usage on sales, marketing performance, room occupancy, profitability and credit facilities. The study found negative relationship between internet and profitability of the firm due to higher costs of internet access. The study suggested that the firms should work together as a pool to reduce internet costs, such as, the use of trivago.co.zm; booking.co.zm; hotels.com; agoda.com; expedia.com; etc.
This is my second lecture about experience design at HITLab i Ne Zealand. As designers we have this amazing opportunity to change the world, thus, in fact, we always design for the future and not the present. I believe that it is crucial to understand the changes that transform our societies not only from the economical or social perspective but also from the technological one. Trends allow us to see what the future could be like and provide inspiration to change it in a way be trust would be the best.
EXAMINE THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN FOSTERING THE GLOBALIZATIONSheryl Mehra
Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology.
How can we incorporate the digital economy into development strategies? This was the question that Prof Fukunari Kimura, Chief Economist at the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), posed to the Ambassadors of East Asia Summit (EAS) countries on the Seminar on Digital Economy held at the ASEAN Secretariat in Jakarta, on 20 June 2018.
World Congress on Information Technology 2014 - MéxicoWCIT 2014
The World Congress on Information Technology (WCIT), often referred to as the “Olympics” of the ICT Industry, is the biennial flagship event organized, since 1978, by the World Information Technology and Services Alliance (WITSA), the leading consortium of the ICT industry.
This year, Mexico will host the event for the first time in Latin America in alliance with the Federal and State Government of the country and with the IT Industry.
Today, a growing number of vehicles are equipped with communication devices to facilitate vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communication and increase the safety of passengers. A new type of network called Vehicular Network VANET provides us with the infrastructure for developing new systems to enhance drivers' and passengers' safety and comfort. Vehicular networks are special types of mobile ad hoc networks that are used to help drivers access necessary information. This paper provides an introduction to vehicular networks. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Uwakwe C. Chukwu | Abayomi Ajayi-Majebi | Sarhan M. Musa "Vehicular Networking" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46451.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/46451/vehicular-networking/matthew-n-o-sadiku
This paper provides a brief overview on my understanding of the smart port concept and the role of advanced intelligence in developing a smart port. The article has been published in Marine Innovation Shipping quarterly issue no.15, March 2020.
Digital Asia – ASEAN in ascendence. Team Finland Future Watch Report, May 2016Didar Kaitasalo
In Asia, three trends are driving digitalisation: mobile commerce, business intelligence and smart infrastructures. These will have a significant short- to midterm impact on companies and customers, and ways of doing business. See how digital transformation is shaping the future business landscape in Singapore, Vietnam and Philippines. Areas covered: Fintech: New lending models, mobile payments, blockchain
What to expect when you're expecting (disruption): The digital economy and Br...Cheryl Maitland Muir
Written by Business Council of B.C. Policy Analyst Kristine St-Laurent, this issue of Policy Perspectives looks at how the digital economy permeates all aspects of our business interactions and how British Columbia's economy is evolving to manage the transition to digital.
EXAMINE THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN FOSTERING THE GLOBALIZATIONSheryl Mehra
Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology.
How can we incorporate the digital economy into development strategies? This was the question that Prof Fukunari Kimura, Chief Economist at the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), posed to the Ambassadors of East Asia Summit (EAS) countries on the Seminar on Digital Economy held at the ASEAN Secretariat in Jakarta, on 20 June 2018.
World Congress on Information Technology 2014 - MéxicoWCIT 2014
The World Congress on Information Technology (WCIT), often referred to as the “Olympics” of the ICT Industry, is the biennial flagship event organized, since 1978, by the World Information Technology and Services Alliance (WITSA), the leading consortium of the ICT industry.
This year, Mexico will host the event for the first time in Latin America in alliance with the Federal and State Government of the country and with the IT Industry.
Today, a growing number of vehicles are equipped with communication devices to facilitate vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communication and increase the safety of passengers. A new type of network called Vehicular Network VANET provides us with the infrastructure for developing new systems to enhance drivers' and passengers' safety and comfort. Vehicular networks are special types of mobile ad hoc networks that are used to help drivers access necessary information. This paper provides an introduction to vehicular networks. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Uwakwe C. Chukwu | Abayomi Ajayi-Majebi | Sarhan M. Musa "Vehicular Networking" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46451.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/46451/vehicular-networking/matthew-n-o-sadiku
This paper provides a brief overview on my understanding of the smart port concept and the role of advanced intelligence in developing a smart port. The article has been published in Marine Innovation Shipping quarterly issue no.15, March 2020.
Digital Asia – ASEAN in ascendence. Team Finland Future Watch Report, May 2016Didar Kaitasalo
In Asia, three trends are driving digitalisation: mobile commerce, business intelligence and smart infrastructures. These will have a significant short- to midterm impact on companies and customers, and ways of doing business. See how digital transformation is shaping the future business landscape in Singapore, Vietnam and Philippines. Areas covered: Fintech: New lending models, mobile payments, blockchain
What to expect when you're expecting (disruption): The digital economy and Br...Cheryl Maitland Muir
Written by Business Council of B.C. Policy Analyst Kristine St-Laurent, this issue of Policy Perspectives looks at how the digital economy permeates all aspects of our business interactions and how British Columbia's economy is evolving to manage the transition to digital.
dubai global village and miracle gardenOK TO Board
The city of Dubai is much famous for a number of tourist destinations that attract tourists from all over the world. Many of these spots are also unique and hence tourist love to be here for a different experience of their life. http://www.oktoboard.com/international-holidays/dubai-holiday-tour-packages.html
Renee Hobbs offers an overview of global developments in digital and media literacy education at the Media and Digital Literacy Academy of Beirut (MDLAB), August 19, 2013.
On this presentation you will learn about the upcoming multicultural event called Global Village. Created for the international students of Tomas Bata University in Zlin.
The Effects of Information and Communication Technology to the Growth and Dev...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The research work focused on the contributions of information and communication technology to the growth and development of banking activities in Nigeria. The research work tried to identify and to assess the extent of the use of Information Technology in First Bank of Nigeria and seek to find out what impact as a whole does Information Technology have on banking operations. Questionnaires were generated, distributed and result analyzed using statistical data. The findings of this study reveal that a positive correlation exists between ICT and banks profitability in Nigeria. This implies that a marginal change in the level of the investment and adoption of ICT in the banking industry will result to a proportionate increase in the profit level. This is confirmed by the level of the regression coefficient as well as the factor analysis which revealed that an insignificant size of profit exist without the introduction of the ICT. The results in Table a, b and c show that banks that have a high level of ICT will make intensive use of production and efficiency practices such as business re-engineering, outsourcing and flexible work arrangements which will yield the best performance. Keyword: Banking, Development, ICT, Analysis, data, research
This presentation is based on the work of Robert Marzano. This presentation is a visual representation of Chapter 2, Identifying Similarities and Differences from the book, Classroom Instruction That Works by Robert J. Marzano & Debra J. Pickering.
Digital Marketing Mix Strategies in the Tourism Industry in Zimbabwe: A Masvi...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Digitalization is considered as the veritable vehicle
of transformation for the tourism industry marketing in this
age of the internet economy. It influences all business
marketing processes before, during and after a tourism trip
in a profoundly revolutionary way. Information distribution
is quicker, better, and cheaper regardless of geographical and
time limitation due to digitalization. The digital marketing
mix, which consists of eproduct, eprice, eplace, epromotion,
eprocess, epeople, and ephysical evidence, is a powerful tool
in revolutionizing tourism marketing management globally
including in Zimbabwe. The aim of the study was to examine
the level of use and adoption of digital marketing mix
strategies in the tourism industry’s accommodation sector in
Masvingo, Zimbabwe. This study adopted a qualitative
research design approach with twenty purposively selected
key informants from the tourism industry in and around
Masvingo Urban. The sample had managers and marketing
managers of hotels and lodges who were respondents in the
study. Interviews and analysis of digital platforms were the
data collection methods. Data was thematically analyzed. The
major finding is that the level of adoption and use of digital
marketing mix strategies is varied and generally low. Most
players still rely more on the traditional analogue marketing
mix strategies. The paper recommends the tourism industry
in Masvingo to fully adopt and utilize digital marketing mix
strategies for them to achieve customer satisfaction and
profitability.
Digital transformation in the Tourism Sector - University Of Salford ManchesterEmre Dirlik
In this report, the first phase of the digital business and entrepreneurship module within the digital business division of Salford University, Digital Business: Sector Investigation and Infographic, research will be conducted, analysis and information will be provided on the Tourism industry.
In this direction, it includes the strategic contributions to the sector by critically reviewing the tourism sector and evaluating the value and benefits of digital transformation in the sector. In addition, the report includes the infographic of the tourism sector by analyzing information from business owners and suppliers using Bloomberg, SWOT and sector reports.
In the report, the current environment required for digital transformation was reviewed in the tourism sector and the vuca technique was used to characterize leadership.
Ramping Up Information and Communications Technology for DevelopmentOlivier Serrat
ADB's ICTD Team Work Plan, 2016–2017 aims to identify ICT options in ADB's operations, diversify ICT portfolios in ADB's operations, develop ADB's capacity for ICT operations, and leverage knowledge partnerships in ICT.
The document discusses the digital platform economy landscape in Tunisia, focusing on improving working conditions for platform workers. It highlights initiatives by companies to enhance transparency and formalize jobs for workers. The report emphasizes the need for dialogue among stakeholders to address challenges and implement best practices. It also mentions the growth of the digital platform economy in Tunisia, particularly in delivery services, and the importance of digital inclusion programs. Overall, the document stresses the significance of balancing economic growth with the well-being of platform workers through collaborative efforts and actionable recommendations.
Summary:
ILO Training: ILO provided training on workplace cooperation and safety to startups and workers in Tunisia.
Digital Transformation: Tunisia's national digital strategy focuses on key pillars like infrastructure, cybersecurity, and digital skills development.
Platform Economy Development: Efforts are being made to stimulate the digital platform economy in Tunisia to create more job opportunities and formalize the informal economy.
Recommendations: Stakeholders suggest establishing a Council of Platform Economy and launching awareness campaigns to improve working conditions.
Smart tourism is an upcoming and novel exhortation applied to portray the growing reliance of tourism destinations globally. The tourism industry and its consumers (tourists) are emerging forms of information and communications technology (ICT) that permit for substantial quota of information in the form of data to be modified into value propositions. Nevertheless, it remains vague concept, which hampers its theoretical development. The efforts in this study are put together for defining smart tourism, and the research sheds light on present trends in smart tourism, and then laying out its business and technological establishment. This is pursued by a concise dialogue on the scenario and limitations of smart tourism. The research further draws attention to the immense call for investigation to enlighten smart tourism management and development in present scenario.
11Proposal Part One - Part 1 Influence of Internet on TourismSantosConleyha
11
Proposal Part One - Part 1: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Research Proposal: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Introduction
The tourism industry has been among the best-valued sectors within the nation to generate massive revenue for the government. Besides, the industry is considered among the earliest since it started several decades ago. For an extended period, the industry uses Integrated Marketing Communications to promote their various products and services to the entire world. The introduction of technology in the industry leads to improvements in the sectors. Most individuals without extensive information on the tourism industry can access the data in their comfort zones. It implies that IT and internet technology play a significant role in ensuring effective strategy due to its existence globally.
Most European countries have tried to promote and implement internet technology in ensuring satisfactory delivery of products and services (Kayumovich, 2020). Since it has a custom within the tourism and hotel industry to provide intangible products and services, including but not limited to services alongside comfort, the internet has been an effective method of delivering its messages to the targeted customers. Also, through internet technology, the industry has achieved more customers in the global market, including the European market. The promotion of branding within the European tourism industry has been effective due to the introduction and implementation of internet technology. Thus, the internet is believed to significantly influence the tourism industry in various sectors, including but limited to infrastructure, travel, alongside the marketing sector. Before introducing the internet alongside the IT, travelling of customers was dangerous and unpleasant since travellers had constraint understanding of locations they were visiting.
As a result, the existing vacationers of time had limited knowledge of the cultures and terrain alongside the climate change and patterns necessary to stimulate the travelling issues. Therefore, tourism sectors, including but not limited to tour companies, travel agencies and other like hotels, had developed strategies necessary to promote booking and reservation processes (David-Negre et al. 2018). However, several decades ago, popular sites were visited by tourists. It implies that the tourism sectors within the local or remote area faced challenges of securing sufficient clients as people were could not define the destination. Also, shortage of information on a particular region leads to reduced travelling by visitors. The research involved the utilization of relevant literature review on the subject matter to provide factual information. Therefore, the report offers adequate information on the influence of the internet on the tourism industry. This research would give me the stage to show my finding and view and also propose how the internet can be leveraged to an extend i ...
11Proposal Part One - Part 1 Influence of Internet on TourismBenitoSumpter862
11
Proposal Part One - Part 1: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Research Proposal: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Introduction
The tourism industry has been among the best-valued sectors within the nation to generate massive revenue for the government. Besides, the industry is considered among the earliest since it started several decades ago. For an extended period, the industry uses Integrated Marketing Communications to promote their various products and services to the entire world. The introduction of technology in the industry leads to improvements in the sectors. Most individuals without extensive information on the tourism industry can access the data in their comfort zones. It implies that IT and internet technology play a significant role in ensuring effective strategy due to its existence globally.
Most European countries have tried to promote and implement internet technology in ensuring satisfactory delivery of products and services (Kayumovich, 2020). Since it has a custom within the tourism and hotel industry to provide intangible products and services, including but not limited to services alongside comfort, the internet has been an effective method of delivering its messages to the targeted customers. Also, through internet technology, the industry has achieved more customers in the global market, including the European market. The promotion of branding within the European tourism industry has been effective due to the introduction and implementation of internet technology. Thus, the internet is believed to significantly influence the tourism industry in various sectors, including but limited to infrastructure, travel, alongside the marketing sector. Before introducing the internet alongside the IT, travelling of customers was dangerous and unpleasant since travellers had constraint understanding of locations they were visiting.
As a result, the existing vacationers of time had limited knowledge of the cultures and terrain alongside the climate change and patterns necessary to stimulate the travelling issues. Therefore, tourism sectors, including but not limited to tour companies, travel agencies and other like hotels, had developed strategies necessary to promote booking and reservation processes (David-Negre et al. 2018). However, several decades ago, popular sites were visited by tourists. It implies that the tourism sectors within the local or remote area faced challenges of securing sufficient clients as people were could not define the destination. Also, shortage of information on a particular region leads to reduced travelling by visitors. The research involved the utilization of relevant literature review on the subject matter to provide factual information. Therefore, the report offers adequate information on the influence of the internet on the tourism industry. This research would give me the stage to show my finding and view and also propose how the internet can be leveraged to an extend i ...
The aim of this study is to figure out an overview on the literature and related studies on the
awareness of digital labor in the economic system and how production of the capitalist system affects labor
employment and shaped the increase in the socio-economic inequality, which has benefited the capital in the
last 20 years,
Improving the Information System of Tourist Destinations in the Context of th...ijtsrd
This article discusses how Uzbekistan may improve its smart tourism and tourism information infrastructure of tourist destinations. Because of the technological services supplied to passengers before, during, and after their journey, smart tourism is a terrific way to save not only money, but also nerves and valuable time. The authors remarks, conclusions, and recommendations are included in the paper, as well as an analysis of the pertinent data. Nosirova U. M. "Improving the Information System of Tourist Destinations in the Context of the Digitalization of the Economy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47690.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/47690/improving-the-information-system-of-tourist-destinations-in-the-context-of-the-digitalization-of-the-economy/nosirova-u-m
Challenges Facing the Adoption of Information Technology in the Management of...inventionjournals
The economic growth of any country depends, to a certain degree, on the ability of the country’s business community to maximize their growth potential. One of the biggest contributors from the business community of any nation, to the nation’s economic development, is the small and medium sized enterprise (SME) sector. Studies have shown that SMEs and indeed, large and multi-national organizations can improve their productive capacity by using the benefits of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT). This paper explores how the Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the developing economies such as Nigeria can achieve their own growth through the adoption of information communication technology. This study relies on secondary data from various sources to examine the availability, accessibility and affordability to relevant ICT facilities and challenges facing SMEs in the use of information technology. The study recommends that agencies that regulate SMEs should formulate policies that will facilitate the adoption of ICT facilities by SMEs because of its potential in improving firms growth performance; SMEs owners should invest in ICT and its components because they have been proven to significantly influence organizational performance.
Challenges Facing the Adoption of Information Technology in the Management of...inventionjournals
The economic growth of any country depends, to a certain degree, on the ability of the country’s business community to maximize their growth potential. One of the biggest contributors from the business community of any nation, to the nation’s economic development, is the small and medium sized enterprise (SME) sector. Studies have shown that SMEs and indeed, large and multi-national organizations can improve their productive capacity by using the benefits of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT). This paper explores how the Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the developing economies such as Nigeria can achieve their own growth through the adoption of information communication technology. This study relies on secondary data from various sources to examine the availability, accessibility and affordability to relevant ICT facilities and challenges facing SMEs in the use of information technology. The study recommends that agencies that regulate SMEs should formulate policies that will facilitate the adoption of ICT facilities by SMEs because of its potential in improving firms growth performance; SMEs owners should invest in ICT and its components because they have been proven to significantly influence organizational performance.
Similar to Aspects of information and communication technology (ict) developments in the growth of tourism in india (20)
Remote sensing and monitoring are changing the mining industry for the better. These are providing innovative solutions to long-standing challenges. Those related to exploration, extraction, and overall environmental management by mining technology companies Odisha. These technologies make use of satellite imaging, aerial photography and sensors to collect data that might be inaccessible or from hazardous locations. With the use of this technology, mining operations are becoming increasingly efficient. Let us gain more insight into the key aspects associated with remote sensing and monitoring when it comes to mining.
Taurus Zodiac Sign_ Personality Traits and Sign Dates.pptxmy Pandit
Explore the world of the Taurus zodiac sign. Learn about their stability, determination, and appreciation for beauty. Discover how Taureans' grounded nature and hardworking mindset define their unique personality.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Buy Verified PayPal Account | Buy Google 5 Star Reviewsusawebmarket
Buy Verified PayPal Account
Looking to buy verified PayPal accounts? Discover 7 expert tips for safely purchasing a verified PayPal account in 2024. Ensure security and reliability for your transactions.
PayPal Services Features-
🟢 Email Access
🟢 Bank Added
🟢 Card Verified
🟢 Full SSN Provided
🟢 Phone Number Access
🟢 Driving License Copy
🟢 Fasted Delivery
Client Satisfaction is Our First priority. Our services is very appropriate to buy. We assume that the first-rate way to purchase our offerings is to order on the website. If you have any worry in our cooperation usually You can order us on Skype or Telegram.
24/7 Hours Reply/Please Contact
usawebmarketEmail: support@usawebmarket.com
Skype: usawebmarket
Telegram: @usawebmarket
WhatsApp: +1(218) 203-5951
USA WEB MARKET is the Best Verified PayPal, Payoneer, Cash App, Skrill, Neteller, Stripe Account and SEO, SMM Service provider.100%Satisfection granted.100% replacement Granted.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
Accpac to QuickBooks Conversion Navigating the Transition with Online Account...PaulBryant58
This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to
effectively manage the convert Accpac to QuickBooks , with a particular focus on utilizing online accounting services to streamline the process.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Aspects of information and communication technology (ict) developments in the growth of tourism in india
1. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.5, No.15 2014
Aspects of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
developments in the growth of Tourism in India
Dr.HaseenaV.A
Assistant Professor
Post Graduate Department of Economics, M.E.S Asmabi College, P.Vemballur,Pin 680671
Email:economicsasmabi@gmail.com
Abstract
Tourism being a smokeless industry is now a multi-billion, multi-sectoral and multi-dimensional activity in the
world. Twenty first century tourism has reached up to space when a Russian rocket carried the space vehicle of
Dennis Tito, an American businessman and the world’s first space tourist, to the space station. Time is not too
far to carry tourists to moon and other planets in specially launched vehicles. Tourism is being considered as an
agent of social change bridging gaps among nations, regions and people and helping them to open up. It is a
promoter of development-material and spiritual both at macro and micro level. The General Assembly of the
United Nations, in designating the year 1967 as ‘International Tourism Year’ recognized the importance of
international travel as a means of fostering understanding among people, and giving them a knowledge of the
rich heritage of the past civilizations, a better appreciation of the values of different cultures, thus contributing to
the strengthening of world peace. It adopted the theme “Tourism-Passport to peace”. Our veteran national
leader and the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru had said” welcome a tourist and send back a
friend” which indicates the need for extending friendly hospitality to the in bound tourists.
Keywords: Tourism-Passport to peace, social mobility, Percapita Income
Introduction
The revolution in ICTs has profound implications for economic and social development. It has pervaded every
aspect of human life whether it is health, education, economics, governance, entertainment etc. Dissemination,
propagation and accessibility of these technologies are viewed to be integral to a country’s development strategy.
The most important benefit associated with the access to the new technologies is the increase in the supply of
information. Information is shared and disseminated to larger audience. Secondly it reduces the cost of
production. Knowledge is produced, transmitted, accessed and shared at the minimum cost. With the reduction in
the transactional costs, there is also a reduction in the degree of inefficiencies and uncertainty. Thirdly it has
overcome the constraints of distance and geography. ICTs have cut across the geographic boundaries of the
nation states. Buyers and sellers are able to share information, specifications, production process etc across the
national borders. It enables all to know the comparative advantage in the market economy. It leads to the larger
markets and increased access to global supply chains. Fourthly it has led to more transparency. Networking and
information sharing definitely leads to demands for greater openness and transparency. Whether you want to
know the status of the central banks’ foreign exchange agency or the cost prize of potatoes in the local market,
ICTs empowers the individual with the information access, which is transparent. Efforts are under way to
integrate ICTs to all sectors and developmental activity. Tourism is one such potential area. Tourism and
economy are closely interconnected. Discussion on Tourism involves the discussion on economic enterprise also.
Development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has transformed the contemporary
business environment. It has led to new information economy which is digital in nature. ICT is a broad
terminology referring to multiple communication technologies which range from simple and complex namely
Cell Phone applications (SMS), Digital Cameras, Internet, Wireless (WiFi and WiMAN), VOIP,GPS, GIS,
Convergence (data, voice, media), Digital radio,
These technologies are creating a new global market place, which is more competitive. With e-commerce
and e business the market has more opportunities and possibilities than ever before. The ability to
reach a global audience, obtain instant market information and conduct electronic business transactions has
increased economic efficiency and has opened markets for goods and services from the developing world.
E- commerce is expected to benefit economic development in several ways:
1. Through allowing local business access to global markets
2. By providing new opportunities to export a wider range of goods and services
3. By improving the internal efficiency with in the firms.
First, e-commerce allows business to reach a global audience. In Africa, for example, the tourism and
handicrafts industries are realizing their ability to deliver their product information directly to consumers. Tourist
lodges, hotels, and governments across the continent now maintain sophisticated websites advertising their
unique features, handling booking order, and promoting specials to interested consumers. Similarly, small
manufacturers of traditional handicrafts are discovering how ICTs can assist the marketing and distribution of
138
2. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.5, No.15 2014
their wares. Secondly opportunities created by e-commerce and its predecessor technologies is that ICTs can
create digital market places to manage supply chains and automate transaction, increasing efficiency and opening
previously closed markets to firms in developing countries. Thirdly, e-commerce is improving the culture of
business. There are now better intra-firm communications, cost savings procedures, and reductions in the
inventory costs leading to better management.
Thus ICTs are the backbone of the capital accumulation. They are connected with new business opportunities,
increased trade and investment although they are risks involved sometimes. It suggests a positive relationship
between ICT development and economic growth. Indeed an often cited achievements of Indian economy during
the last decade has been the emergence of an ICT sector which has shown remarkably vibrancy in terms of
output and export growth. However, the contribution of ICT to an economy can be viewed at two different levels.
They are contribution on account on ICT growth and contribution on account of ICT diffusion. While the former
refers to the contribution in output, employment, export earning etc on account of the production of ICT related
goods and services, the later refers to ICT induced development through enhanced productivity, competitiveness,
growth and human welfare on account of the diffusion of this technology to the different sectors of the economy
and society. (Karmer and Derick 1992).
ICT and Tourism
Contemporary information society has made Tourism a highly information-intensive industry as ICT has a
potential impact on tourism business. The role of ICT in tourism industry cannot be underestimated and it is
crucial driving force in the current information driven society. It has provided new tools and enabled new
distribution channels, thus creating a new business environment. ICT tools have facilitated business transaction
in the industry by networking with trading partners, distribution of product services and providing information to
consumers across the globe. On the other hand consumers are also using online to obtain information and plan
their trip and travel. Information is the key element in the tourism industry. ICT pervades almost all aspects of
tourism and related industry. For instance, we depend upon it right from the scratch while identifying and
developing tourisms site and destinations itself. The use of Geospatial Information Technologies in the recent
years across the globe for varied purposes is popularly known and Tourism industry has not been an exception in
availing its advantages. It can be used by tourist professionals to define the boundaries of the proposed tourist
site as well its surrounding areas and the communities living in it. It can also get information on roads linking to
the sites and availability of other utilities like water, power, market etc. Such technologies are also useful for site
management and monitoring. The role of ICT tools in the industry for marketing, operation, and management of
customer is widely known. Marketing techniques can be more innovative through ICT tools. The table below
reveals the potential use of ICT tools in the industry.
Different aspects of industry: Application
Site development: GIS used for identification of Tourist site and destinations
Marketing: Advertisement, promotion
Operations: Buying and management of supplies and services
Customer services: Management of customer relationships through booking travel, lodge etc
Monitoring: GIS and GPS is also used for managing and monitoring tourist sites.
139
Key factors for applying ICT in tourism
1. IT education and training for policy makers, managers and other players in the industry
2. Integration of various sectors like transport, lodge etc.
3. Technical Infrastructure
4. Human Infrastructure, which includes skilled people, vision and management.
5. Legal Infrastructure
a. Regulation of telecommunication providers
b. Subsides for Internet service providers
c. Legal framework for online advertisement or official endorsement for online marketing.
6. ICT culture
a. Create and sustain ICT environment
b. Maintenance and updation of websites
c. ICT training for all level of workers
d. Establish electronic linkages between all related sectors
Nexus between ICT and Tourism: A Review
Recent Studies on ICT and tourism has revealed the transition in the industry as a result of ICT impact and have
explored its possibility and potential. Poon (1993) analyses some of the major challenges facing tourism industry
and outlines the nexus between tourism and ICT. He traces the rapid shift-taking place between ‘traditional
3. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.5, No.15 2014
tourism sector’ and ‘new tourism industry’. Technology has a strategic role in reshaping the value chain in the
industry and in the process, consumers are gradually adapting to the new values, lifestyles and new tourism
products, which has re-engineered by the new technologies. Although some of the technologies described are
now obsolete, the implicit message is relevant and gives an overall review of the changing face of the tourism
industry. Inkpen (1998) and Sheldon (1997) have examined the main characteristics of the industry structure and
the operation of the new technologies in it. ICT applications in different sectors like airlines, hotels, tour
operators, road and rail transport etc is dealt in detail with informative case studies. Some of the world’s largest
GDS (Global Distribution System) namely Sabre, Galileo, Amadeus and Worldspsan are examined. Besides
analyzing the telecommunication technologies in the industry, the hospitality sector, entertainment sector,
transport sector, management sector and other intermediaries have been diligently explored.
Werthner (1999) provides a more detailed and logical understating of the industry’s structure by
focusing on the concepts, definitions, consumer behavior, economic aspect, market transactions, etc. Information
Technology ( hardware & software developments), information management, intelligent applications and
system integration etc are examined carefully. Additional information on business strategy exploring the
relationship between ICT, strategy and organization is also articulated. Buhalis (2003) also stressed on strategic
management in his book providing a comprehensive overview of both operational and strategic management.
Connor‘s (1999) work serves as a textbook on electronic distribution with its logical explanation and
case studies. GDS, CRS and DMS are analyzed with example of cases from across the western world. The
growing phenomenon of travel distribution through Internet and its impact on distribution channels structure and
functionality is explored with rigor. Carter & Bedard (2001)and Carter & Richer (1999) have focused on the
operators in the tourism industry. Developments of the e commerce and DMO (Development Management
Organizations ) and their changing value chains are analyzed intelligently and clearly so that importance of
internet presence for consumers, intermediaries, travel media and other players in the industry is noted and
understood through their works. Marcussen (1999) attempts to provide an overview of innovative developments
in distribution of travel and tourism services in Europe. It documents the wealth of statistical data on travel and
related transactions in the European tourism industry. However, most of the experiences are based on the
western developed world, which could possibly a limitation while trying to understand the nexus of ICT and
Tourism in an Indian context. Jennifer et al (2003) have examined the way ICT and Internet have gradually
changed the tourism industry in China. They have used the existing theoretical framework on ICT and e-tourism
developments in other parts of the world namely Europe and America to examine their impact of ICT application
in the tourism industry contemporary China. There have been tremendous developments at the destinations
levels in the recent years. Internet, Intranet etc have been extensively employed by the (DMOs) which has
integrated the functioning process and made the system more efficient. Studies like (Poon 1993, Sheldon 1997,
Werthner & Klein 1999, Alford 2000, Werthner and Klein 1999, Alford 2000, WTO 2001) have revealed that
Internet and strategic implementation of IT is now critical for companies to survive in the global economy.
However, not many efforts are made to study e-tourism developments in India and other developing countries
A tourist life cycle(see fig. ) can be classified into three phases - pre-trip, trip and post-trip. Pre-trip (or
planning) is the phase during which a potential tourist is considering tourism travel. In this planning phase,
tourism intermediaries (travel agents, tour operators, hotels, airlines, etc.) play a vital part in forming the opinion
of a potential tourist.
Figure.1
140
TRIP
POST
TRIP
PRE
TRIP
There are some similar pre-trip requirements for the three kinds of tourists (inbound, domestic and outbound).
These include information about the destination, boarding/ lodging, mode of travel & package tour(s), advance
payment mechanism and security concerns, etc. Additional pre-trip requirements specifically for inbound and
outbound tourists, include documentation for visa, currency conversion issues, local travel synchronization with
international travel, etc. During pre-trip, a potential tourist seeks reliable and current information on the tourism
alternatives available. Information about mode of travel, budget trip prices, budget accommodation and its prices,
distance of the accommodations from the tourist spots, availability of any package tour that may take care of the
boarding/ lodging with additional local site seeing. Approximate costing of the proposed trip can be provided to
potential tourists using some online calculators.
4. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.5, No.15 2014
141
Figure. 2
E-Tourism facilitates regional and tourism
Extensive and intensive Rural Tourism can be promoted through ICT application. Rural tourism can be main
economic activity and can be crucial for agribusiness and rural development. It gives an opportunity for the
farmers to profit from tourism directly besides generating new market for the agrarian products in the region.
Activities revolving around rural tourism can be streamlined to support sustainable development and hence, it
can be user friendly and environmental friendly.
Rural e-tourism is largely individual oriented and may or mat not have a mass appeal unlike the industrial
tourism. Budget constraints are bound to exist as small farmers may lack resources for advertise and promote
their products. Rural e-tourism might bring many ancient historical monuments, galleries, museums, theatres and
sites into mainstream tourism. While those in ruins are rescued and renovated, unknown heritages like old castles
houses, villages etc may be rediscovered. It is essential to build a user-friendly model for rural tourism, keeping
in mind the ICT tools, cultural policy, state and local region. Information from the local communities can be also
protest and preserve cultural heritage.
The use of ICT in tourism can have significant impact on the management and development of heritage sites.
However intervention of the state and cultural policies is essential to make ICT application meaningful. Another
obstacle to the development of local cultural heritage through ICT tools is the fact that it is the subject of
initiatives targeted on the local population. While the major players in the tourism industry have adopted ICT
tools for sales and promotion, cultural sector are yet to comprehend the potential of ICT applications for
preserving cultural heritage. They are yet to discover that heritage preservation is possible through e-tourism.
Sustainable tourism can be the tool for preservation and development of natural and cultural heritage. ICT can
open up new prospects for cultural and tourism policies through the convergence of resources preservation and
development. A common ICT based heritage tourism development strategy can be evolved using the points of
convergence between cultural sector and tourism industry. Such a strategy common to the culture and tourism
sectors on a regional level could be an appropriate solution to overcome major challenges associated with ICT
based heritage tourism development. It enables a delicate balance between both accessibility to heritage and its
preservation.
Tourism: From Information to Knowledge industry
The dynamics of Information exchange among the tourism industry players has drastically changed in the recent
years. The industry is now more complicated as there has been considerable changes in the distribution and sales.
Distribution cooperation is expanding. While transport companies now provide opportunity to book
accommodation, destination management organizations are developing internet portal to distribute information.
It is essential for the tourism professional to understand the Tourism Value Net. They also need to know the
main players in the industry. Statistical database should be developed and research should be undertaken.
Conclusion
The industry is generating excessive information and indeed information is the strategic and important resources
for the industry. ICT tools are providing new means for analyzing the information for the industry. Emphasis
5. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.5, No.15 2014
should be upon converting this valuable information to knowledge system. There should be gradual transition
from data system to profound knowledge system for the benefit of future generations. Educational institutions
should have access to such knowledge. Educational institute should promote ICT based courses. It should be
supported with technical training as well as field based training and practical experience in the industry.
Educational institute specialized on Tourism education, IT educational institutions and tourism industry players
like travel agencies, tour operators, hotels, technology providers etc should have a network and have constant
interaction in order to develop a skill base for successful tourism industry and a successful navigation.
References
Buhalis, D & Laws, E. (eds) (2001). Tourism Distribution Channels-Practices, Issues and Transformations,
142
Continuum Publishing, London.
Buhalis, D. (2003). e tourism –Information Technology for strategic tourism management, Prentice Hall, Harlow,
UK.
Carter R & Bedard, F. (2001). E-Business for Tourism-Practical Guidelines for Tourism Destinations and
Business, WTO Business Council, Madrid.
Carter R & Richer P. (1999). Marketing Tourism Destination Online, WTO Business Council, Madrid.
European e- business market Watch, Sector Report, No 13 II/July (2003).
Gupta, S & Bansal, S.P. (2001). Tourism Towards 21st Century, Deep and Deep. New Delhi.
Inkpen, G. (1998). Information Technology for Travel and Tourism, Addison Wesley Logman, Essex UK .
Jennifer X. M, Dimitrios, B & Haiyan, S. (2003). Information Journal of Information Management. Vol 23. Issue
6. Pg. 451-467.
Kramer, K.L & Derick, J. (2002). Information Technology and Economic Development: Results and Policy
Implications of Cross-Country Studies, in Pohjola M. (ed) Information Technology, Productivity and
Economic Growth, Oxford University Press.
Marcussen, C. (1999). Internet Distribution of European Travel and Tourism Services, Research Centre of
Bornholm, Denmark.
O’Connor, P. (1999). Electronic Information Distribution in Tourism and Hospitality, CABI Publishing, UK.
Poon , A. (1993). Tourism, Technology and Competitive Strategies, Cab International.
Sabado, O. (2005) www.estig.blogspot.com/2005/10/role-of-ict.html.
Sheldon, P. (1997). Tourism Information Technology, CA International, Wallingford, UK
Werthner, H & Klein, S. (1999). Information Technology and Tourism – A Challenging Relationship, Springer,
Wien and New York.
6. The IISTE is a pioneer in the Open-Access hosting service and academic event
management. The aim of the firm is Accelerating Global Knowledge Sharing.
More information about the firm can be found on the homepage:
http://www.iiste.org
CALL FOR JOURNAL PAPERS
There are more than 30 peer-reviewed academic journals hosted under the hosting
platform.
Prospective authors of journals can find the submission instruction on the
following page: http://www.iiste.org/journals/ All the journals articles are available
online to the readers all over the world without financial, legal, or technical barriers
other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. Paper version
of the journals is also available upon request of readers and authors.
MORE RESOURCES
Book publication information: http://www.iiste.org/book/
IISTE Knowledge Sharing Partners
EBSCO, Index Copernicus, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, JournalTOCS, PKP Open
Archives Harvester, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Elektronische
Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB, Open J-Gate, OCLC WorldCat, Universe Digtial
Library , NewJour, Google Scholar