The American Society For Nondestructive Testing general codes and its overview

1. ASNT codes and its
overview
Darshit Desai
19MMM003

2. • Most countries have one or more organizations (standards bodies) that develop
and publish technical industrial standards. Some don't, and those usually
reference existing codes and standards for their manufacturing, fabrication and
construction projects.
• In the United States, these standards bodies are usually independent
organizations from private industry, but in many countries they are government
agencies.
• In mechanical there are ASHRAE , ASME, ASTM & AWS standard bodies.

3. American Society for Nondestructive Testing(ASNT)
• The American Society for Nondestructive Testing is a member-based, non-profit
professional society that provides NDT-related reference materials, technical
conferences and certification documents.
• ASNT does not publish standards that describe how to perform NDT tasks.
• Those are published by ASTM International and are discuss.

4. ASTM International
• ASTM International (formerly the American Society for Testing and Materials) is
one of the largest voluntary standards development organizations in the world,
providing technical standards for materials, products, systems and services.
• Over 180 ASTM NDT standards are published in the ASTM Annual Book of
Standards, Volume 03.03, Nondestructive Testing.
• ASTM defines three of their document categories as follows:
1. GUIDE
2. PRACTICE
3. TEST METHOD

5. 1. GUIDE is a compendium of information or series of options that does not
recommend a specific course of action. A guide increases the awareness of
information and approaches in a given subject area.
2. PRACTICE is a definitive set of instructions for performing one or more
specific operations or functions that does not produce a test result.
Examples of practices include, but are not limited to: application,
assessment, cleaning, collection, decontamination, inspection, installation,
preparation, sampling, screening and training.
3. TEST METHOD is a definitive procedure that produces a test result.
Examples of test methods include, but are not limited to: identification,
measurement and evaluation of one or more qualities, characteristics or
properties.

6. Commonly used ASTM NDT standards
• ASTM E709 : Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
• ASTM E1444 : Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing
• ASTM E165 : Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General
Industry
• ASTM E1417 : Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing
• ASTM E1208 : Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing using the Lipophilic
Post- Emulsifiable Process
• ASTM E1209 : Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing using the Water-
Washable Process
• ASTM E1210 : Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing using the Hydrophilic
Post- Emulsifiable Process

7. • ASTM E2375 : Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Wrought Products
• ASTM E94 : Guide for Radiographic Examination
• ASTM E1742 : Practice for Radiographic Examination
• ASTM E1000 : Guide for Radioscopy
• ASTM E1030 : Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings
• ASTM E1032 : Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Weldments
• ASTM E999 : Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Radiographic Film
Processing
• ASTM E1219 : Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing using the Solvent-
Removable Process
• ASTM E114 : Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam Examination by the
Contact Method

8. • ASTM E213 : Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and Tubing
• ASTM E142 : Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic Testing
• ASTM E2007 : Standard Guide for Computed Radiography
• ASTM E2738 : Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication
Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE) for Computed Radiography (CR) Test
methods
• ASTM E268 : Electromagnetic testing
• ASTM E426 : Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of
Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austenitic Stainless Steel and Similar
Alloys
• ASTM E1962 : Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Surface Testing using
Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) Techniques
• ASTM E164 : Standard Practice for Contact Ultrasonic Testing of Weldments
• ASTM E1255 : Practice for Radioscopy

9. ASTM E709
• ASTM E709 code Procedure for Magnetic Particle Testing.
• This procedure establishes the steps and details to be followed for the
examination of ferromagnetic material, both structural and non-
structural welds, drilling or production equipment, raw, semi-finished,
and machined surfaces.
• Continuous (active), true-continuous and residual techniques with the
wet visible, wet fluorescent and dry particle applications are
discussed in this procedure for the detection of surface breaking or
near surface discontinuities in ferromagnetic materials.

10. • In code consist of
1. Inspection Equipment
2. Preparation
3. Procedure
4. Post Cleaning
5. Evaluation and Acceptance Criteria
6. Reporting

11. ASTM E165
• ASTM E165 is stand for a Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant
Examination for General Industry
• This test method covers procedures for penetrant examination of
materials. They are nondestructive testing methods for detecting
discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams,
laps, cold shuts, laminations, through leaks, or lack of fusion and are
applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examination.
• They can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous,
metallic materials, both ferrous and nonferrous, and of nonmetallic
materials such as glazed or fully densified ceramics, certain
nonporous plastics, and glass.

12. • A liquid penetrant which may be a visible or a fluorescent material is
applied evenly over the surface being examined and allowed to enter
open discontinuities. After a suitable dwell time, the excess surface
penetrant is removed.
• A developer is applied to draw the entrapped penetrant out of the
discontinuity and stain the developer.
• The test surface is then examined to determine the presence or
absence of indications.
• Processing parameters, such as surface precleaning , penetration time
and excess penetrant removal methods, are determined by the
specific materials used, the nature of the part under examination
(that is, size, shape, surface condition, alloy), and type of
discontinuities expected.

13. ASTM E2375
• This practice establishes the minimum requirements for ultrasonic examination of
wrought products.
• This practice is applicable for examination of materials such as, wrought metals
and wrought metal products having a thickness or cross section equal to 0.250 in.
(6.35 mm) or greater.
• This practice is intended primarily for the examination of wrought metals, forged,
rolled, machined parts or components to an ultrasonic class most typically
specified in the purchase order or other contract document.
• There are areas in this practice that may require agreement between the
cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the
cognizant engineering organization.

14. ASTM E94
• Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination
• This guide covers satisfactory X-ray and gamma-ray radiographic
examination as applied to industrial radiographic film recording.
• It includes statements about preferred practice without discussing the
technical background which justifies the preference.
• The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded
separately as standard.
• Within the present state of the radiographic art, this guide is generally
applicable to available materials, processes, and techniques where
industrial radiographic films are used as the recording media.

15. ASTM E1030
• This test method provides a uniform procedure for
radiographic examination of metallic castings using radiographic film
as the recording medium.
• Due to the many complex geometries and part configurations
inherent with cast products, it is necessary to recognize potential
limitations associated with obtaining complete
radiographic coverage on castings.

16. • The radiographic method is highly sensitive to volumetric discontinuities
that displace a detectable volume of cast material.
• Discontinuities that do not displace an appreciable volume of material, however,
such as cracks or other planar-type indications, may not be detected with
radiography unless the radiation beam is coincidentally aligned with the planar
orientation of the discontinuity. In view of this limitation, it may be considered
appropriate to use the radiographic method
• The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard

17. ASTM E1032
• Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Weldments Using
Industrial X-Ray Film
• This test method provides a uniform procedure for radiographic
examination of weldments using industrial radiographic film.
Requirements expressed in this method are intended to control the
quality of the radiographic images and are not intended for
controlling acceptability or quality of welds.
• The values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.

18. ASTM E1219
• Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing using the Solvent-Removable
Process
• This standard covers procedures for fluorescent penetrant examination
utilizing the solvent-removable process.
• It is a nondestructive testing method for detecting discontinuities that are
open to the surface, such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations,
isolated porosity, through leaks, or lack of fusion and is applicable to in-
process, final, and maintenance examination.
• It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic
materials, both ferrous and nonferrous, and of nonmetallic materials such
as glazed or fully densified ceramics and certain nonporous plastics and
glass.

19. ASTM E114
• Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam Contact
Testing
• This standard covers ultrasonic examination of materials by the pulse-
echo method using straight-beam longitudinal waves introduced by
direct contact of the search unit with the material being examined.
• Values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.

20. ASTM E213
• Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and Tubing
• ASTM E213 covers a procedure for detecting discontinuities in metal pipe
and tubing during a volumetric examination using ultrasonic methods.
• Specific techniques of the ultrasonic method to which this practice applies
include pulse-reflection techniques, both contact and non-contact , and
angle beam immersion techniques, both conventional and phased array.
• Artificial reflectors consisting of longitudinal, and, when specified by the
using party or parties, transverse reference notches placed on the surfaces
of a reference standard are employed as the primary means of
standardizing the ultrasonic system.
• The purpose of this practice is a procedure for detecting and locating
significant discontinuities such as pits, voids, inclusions, cracks, splits, etc.,
by the ultrasonic pulse-reflection method.

21. ASTM E142
• Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic Testing
• This method covers the radiographic testing of materials for internal
discontinuities, and also the use of film and other recording media.
Requirements expressed in this method are intended to control the
reliability or quality of the radiographic images, and are not intended
for controlling the acceptability or quality of materials or products.
• The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.

22. ASTM E2007
• Standard Guide for Computed Radiography
• This guide provides general tutorial information regarding the
fundamental and physical principles of computed radiography (CR),
definitions and terminology required to understand the basic CR
process.
• An introduction to some of the limitations that are typically
encountered during the establishment of techniques and basic image
processing methods are also provided. This guide does not provide
specific techniques or acceptance criteria for specific end-user
inspection applications.

23. ASTM E2738
• Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in
Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE) for Computed Radiography (CR)
Test Methods.
• This practice facilitates the interoperability of computed radiography
(CR) imaging and data acquisition equipment by specifying image data
transfer and archival storage methods in commonly accepted terms.
• This practice is intended to be used in conjunction with Practice on
Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation
(DICONDE)

24. ASTM E426
• Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Examination of
Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Titanium, Austenitic Stainless
Steel and Similar Alloys
• This practice covers procedures for eddy current examination of
seamless and welded tubular products made of relatively low
conductivity materials such as titanium, stainless steel, and similar
alloys, such as nickel alloys. Austenitic chromium-nickel stainless
steels, which are generally considered to be nonmagnetic, are
specifically covered as distinguished from the martensitic and ferritic
straight chromium stainless steels which are magnetic.

25. • This practice is intended as a guide for eddy current examination of
both seamless and welded tubular products using either an encircling
coil or a probe-coil technique.
• This practice covers the examination of tubular products ranging in
diameter from 0.125 to 5 in. (3.2 to 127.0 mm) and wall thicknesses
from 0.005 to 0.250 in. (0.127 to 6.4 mm).
• The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI
units that are provided for information only and are not considered
standard.

26. ASTM E1962
• Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Surface Testing Using
Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) Technique.
• This practice covers guidelines for utilizing EMAT techniques for
detecting material discontinuities that are primarily open to the
surface (for example, cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations,
through leaks, lack of fusion).
• This technique can also be sensitive to flaws and discontinuities that
are not surface-breaking, provided their proximity to the surface is
less than or equal to the Rayleigh wave length.

27. • This practice covers procedures for the non-contact coupling of
surface waves into a material via electromagnetic fields.
• The procedures of this practice are applicable to any material in
which acoustic waves can be introduced electromagnetically. This
includes any material that is either electrically conductive or
ferromagnetic, or both.
• This practice does not provide standards for the evaluation of derived
indications. Interpretation, classification, and ultimate evaluation of
indications, albeit necessary, are beyond the scope of this practice.
• Separate specifications or agreement will be necessary to define the
type, size, location, and direction of indications considered acceptable
or non-acceptable

28. ASTM E164
• Standard Practice for Contact Ultrasonic Testing of Weldments
• This practice covers techniques for the ultrasonic A-scan examination of
specific weld configurations joining wrought ferrous or aluminum alloy
materials to detect weld discontinuities .
• The reflection method using pulsed waves is specified. Manual techniques
are described employing contact of the search unit through a couplant film
or water column.
• This practice utilizes angle beams or straight beams, or both, depending
upon the specific weld configurations. Practices for special geometries such
as fillet welds and spot welds are not included.
• The practice is intended to be used on thicknesses of 0.250 to 8 in. (6.4 to
203 mm).

29. • The techniques for ultrasonic examination of welds described in this
practice are intended to provide a means of weld examination for
both internal and surface discontinuities within the weld and the
heat-affected zone.
• The practice is limited to the examination of specific weld geometries
in wrought or forged material.

30. ASTM E1255
• Standard Practice for Radioscopy
• This practice provides application details for radioscopic examination
using penetrating radiation.
• This includes dynamic radioscopy and for the purposes of this
practice, radioscopy where there is no motion of the object during
exposure (referred to as static radioscopic imaging) both using an
analog component such as an electro-optic device or analog camera.
• Since the techniques involved and the applications for radioscopic
examination are diverse, this practice is not intended to be limiting or
restrictive, but rather to address the general applications of the
technology and thereby facilitate its use.

31. • This document is written specifically for use with X-ray and gamma-
ray systems.
• Other radioscopic systems, such as those employing neutrons, will
involve equipment and application details unique to such systems.
• As with conventional radiography, radioscopic examination is broadly
applicable to any material or examination object through which a
beam of penetrating radiation may be passed and detected including
metals, plastics, ceramics, composites, and other nonmetallic
materials.

32. ASTM E1444
• Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing
• This practice establishes minimum requirements for magnetic particle
testing used for the detection of surface or slightly subsurface
discontinuities in ferromagnetic material.
• The magnetic particle testing method is used to detect cracks, laps, seams,
inclusions, and other discontinuities on or near the surface of
ferromagnetic materials.
• Magnetic particle testing may be applied to raw material, billets, finished
and semi-finished materials, welds, and in-service parts.
• Magnetic particle testing is not applicable to non-ferromagnetic metals and
alloys such as austenitic stainless steels.

33. • Magnetic particle testing consists of magnetizing the area to be
examined, applying suitably prepared magnetic particles while the
area is magnetized, and subsequently interpreting and evaluating any
resulting particle accumulations.
• Maximum detectability occurs when the discontinuity is positioned
on the surface and perpendicular to the magnetic flux.

34. ASTM E1417
• Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing
• This practice establishes the minimum requirements for conducting
liquid penetrant examination of nonporous metal, and nonmetal
components.
• The penetrant examination processes described in this practice are
applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance (in-service)
examinations.
• These processes are applicable for the detection of discontinuities,
such as lack of fusion, corrosion, cracks, laps, cold shuts, and porosity,
that are open or connected to the surface of the component under
examination.

35. • This practice is written so it can be specified on the engineering
drawing, specification, or contract.
• It is not a detailed how-to procedure to be used by the inspector and,
therefore, must be supplemented by a detailed procedure that
conforms to the requirements of this practice.

36. ASTM E1209
• Standard Practice for Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant Testing Using the Water-
Washable Process
• This practice covers procedures for water-washable fluorescent penetrant
testing of materials. It is a nondestructive testing method for detecting
discontinuities that are open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps,
cold shuts, laminations, isolated porosity, through leaks, or lack of porosity
and is applicable to in-process, final, and maintenance examination.
• It can be effectively used in the examination of nonporous, metallic
materials, both ferrous and nonferrous, and of nonmetallic materials such
as glazed or fully densified ceramics and certain nonporous plastics and
glass.

37. • Liquid penetrant testing methods indicate the presence, location,
and, to a limited extent, the nature and magnitude of the detected
discontinuities.
• This method is normally used for production inspection of large
volumes of parts or structures, where emphasis is on productivity.
• The method enjoys a wide latitude in applicability when extensive
and controlled conditions are available.
• Multiple levels of sensitivity can be achieved by proper selection of
materials and variations in process.

38. REFERENCES
• https://www.asnt.org/MajorSiteSections/Standards/Codes_and_Stan
dard_Bodies.aspx
• https://www.asnt.org/MajorSiteSections/Standards.aspx
• https://www.astm.org/Standards/E709.htm
• https://www.astm.org/Standards/E165.htm
• https://www.astm.org/Standards/E2375.htm
• https://www.astm.org/Standards/E1030.htm
• https://www.astm.org/Standards/E1032.htm

39. • https://www.astm.org/Standards/E1219.htm
• https://www.astm.org/Standards/E114.htm
• https://www.astm.org/Standards/E213.htm
• https://www.astm.org/DATABASE.CART/WITHDRAWN/E142.htm
• https://www.astm.org/Standards/E2007.htm
• https://www.astm.org/Standards/E2738.htm
• https://www.astm.org/DATABASE.CART/WITHDRAWN/E268.htm
• https://www.astm.org/Standards/E426.htm
• https://www.astm.org/Standards/E1417.htm
• https://www.astm.org/Standards/E1209.htm

40. • https://www.astm.org/Standards/E1962.htm
• https://www.astm.org/Standards/E164.htm
• https://www.astm.org/Standards/E1255.htm
• https://www.astm.org/Standards/E1444.htm

41. THANK YOU