The document discusses improving life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology by including spatial, dynamic, and place-based modeling. It summarizes limitations of current LCA approaches, such as their static and site-independent nature. The document proposes linking industrial models with spatially explicit, dynamic ecosystem models to better account for location-specific environmental impacts over time. This approach could help address current LCA limitations by simulating how placing industrial activities within actual ecosystems may affect environmental burdens.
This document discusses sustainability and life cycle analysis (LCA) as a scientific approach to evaluating the environmental impacts of products and processes. It defines key concepts like sustainability, LCA, and the stages of a product life cycle that are considered in an LCA. An example LCA case study of a t-shirt is presented to illustrate how LCA works and the types of environmental impacts that are considered over a product's full life cycle from material acquisition to disposal or recycling. LCA is presented as an important tool for industries, consumers, and policymakers to evaluate how to make products and processes more environmentally friendly.
This document discusses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which aims to understand the environmental impacts of a product over its full life cycle from resource extraction to disposal. The key points made are:
- LCA identifies and measures various environmental impacts at each stage of a product's life cycle.
- The goal of LCA is to pinpoint environmentally critical points in a product's life cycle and find ways to reduce impacts through alternative materials or processes.
- There are different types of LCA depending on which stages are analyzed, such as cradle-to-grave, cradle-to-gate, wheel-to-wheel.
- The LCA process involves goal definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment,
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a technique used to assess the environmental impacts of a product throughout its life cycle from material sourcing through end of life. There are four main phases of LCA: 1) defining the goal and scope of the study, 2) conducting a life cycle inventory analysis, 3) assessing the potential environmental impacts, and 4) interpreting the results. LCA can be conducted at various levels from cradle-to-grave, cradle-to-gate, or gate-to-gate. The interpretation phase involves identifying significant issues from the results, evaluating the completeness of the study, and providing conclusions and recommendations.
A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analyzes the environmental impacts of a product or service throughout its entire life cycle from material sourcing through end of life. An LCA considers impacts from production, use, and disposal to provide a comprehensive understanding of the cradle-to-grave environmental footprint. The methodology, standardized by ISO, evaluates impacts across multiple categories such as climate change, resource use, land use, toxicity, and biodiversity to support more sustainable decision-making.
LCA stands for Life Cycle Assessment, which is a technique used to identify, measure, and characterize the potential environmental impacts of each stage in a product's life cycle from resource extraction to disposal. LCA aims to understand the flows of matter and energy involved in a product or process to find environmentally critical points and ways to prevent or reduce impacts. There are different types of LCAs depending on which stages are included, such as cradle-to-grave, cradle-to-gate, gate-to-gate, and wheel-to-wheel. LCA involves goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation phases.
The simple presentation on the topic life cycle analysis,
- definition
- Stages of LCA
- Goal and Purpose of LCA
- types of LCA
- Phases of LCA
- Advantages and Disadvantages of LCA
-Conclusion
The document discusses the environmental impacts of buildings and HVAC systems over their full life cycles. It states that carbon dioxide accounts for about one third of all greenhouse gases produced in the UK, with 50% of CO2 emissions related to building energy use. HVAC systems alone account for 40-60% of energy use in commercial and residential buildings in the US. The document also discusses challenges and approaches to conducting life cycle assessments (LCAs) of buildings, which are complex due to their long lifespan and localized impacts.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique used to assess the environmental impacts of a product or process across its lifecycle. It involves analyzing a product or process from raw material extraction, manufacturing, transportation, use, and disposal or recycling. The LCA process consists of four phases - defining the goal and scope of the assessment, conducting a life cycle inventory analysis, assessing the potential environmental impacts, and interpreting the results. The goal is to identify opportunities to reduce environmental impacts at each lifecycle stage.
This document discusses sustainability and life cycle analysis (LCA) as a scientific approach to evaluating the environmental impacts of products and processes. It defines key concepts like sustainability, LCA, and the stages of a product life cycle that are considered in an LCA. An example LCA case study of a t-shirt is presented to illustrate how LCA works and the types of environmental impacts that are considered over a product's full life cycle from material acquisition to disposal or recycling. LCA is presented as an important tool for industries, consumers, and policymakers to evaluate how to make products and processes more environmentally friendly.
This document discusses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which aims to understand the environmental impacts of a product over its full life cycle from resource extraction to disposal. The key points made are:
- LCA identifies and measures various environmental impacts at each stage of a product's life cycle.
- The goal of LCA is to pinpoint environmentally critical points in a product's life cycle and find ways to reduce impacts through alternative materials or processes.
- There are different types of LCA depending on which stages are analyzed, such as cradle-to-grave, cradle-to-gate, wheel-to-wheel.
- The LCA process involves goal definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment,
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a technique used to assess the environmental impacts of a product throughout its life cycle from material sourcing through end of life. There are four main phases of LCA: 1) defining the goal and scope of the study, 2) conducting a life cycle inventory analysis, 3) assessing the potential environmental impacts, and 4) interpreting the results. LCA can be conducted at various levels from cradle-to-grave, cradle-to-gate, or gate-to-gate. The interpretation phase involves identifying significant issues from the results, evaluating the completeness of the study, and providing conclusions and recommendations.
A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analyzes the environmental impacts of a product or service throughout its entire life cycle from material sourcing through end of life. An LCA considers impacts from production, use, and disposal to provide a comprehensive understanding of the cradle-to-grave environmental footprint. The methodology, standardized by ISO, evaluates impacts across multiple categories such as climate change, resource use, land use, toxicity, and biodiversity to support more sustainable decision-making.
LCA stands for Life Cycle Assessment, which is a technique used to identify, measure, and characterize the potential environmental impacts of each stage in a product's life cycle from resource extraction to disposal. LCA aims to understand the flows of matter and energy involved in a product or process to find environmentally critical points and ways to prevent or reduce impacts. There are different types of LCAs depending on which stages are included, such as cradle-to-grave, cradle-to-gate, gate-to-gate, and wheel-to-wheel. LCA involves goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation phases.
The simple presentation on the topic life cycle analysis,
- definition
- Stages of LCA
- Goal and Purpose of LCA
- types of LCA
- Phases of LCA
- Advantages and Disadvantages of LCA
-Conclusion
The document discusses the environmental impacts of buildings and HVAC systems over their full life cycles. It states that carbon dioxide accounts for about one third of all greenhouse gases produced in the UK, with 50% of CO2 emissions related to building energy use. HVAC systems alone account for 40-60% of energy use in commercial and residential buildings in the US. The document also discusses challenges and approaches to conducting life cycle assessments (LCAs) of buildings, which are complex due to their long lifespan and localized impacts.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique used to assess the environmental impacts of a product or process across its lifecycle. It involves analyzing a product or process from raw material extraction, manufacturing, transportation, use, and disposal or recycling. The LCA process consists of four phases - defining the goal and scope of the assessment, conducting a life cycle inventory analysis, assessing the potential environmental impacts, and interpreting the results. The goal is to identify opportunities to reduce environmental impacts at each lifecycle stage.
The document discusses life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology in the context of environmentally sustainable development. LCA examines the environmental aspects and potential impacts of a product throughout its life cycle, from raw material extraction through production, use, and disposal. It aims to reduce environmental impacts by identifying opportunities for improvement at each stage. LCA follows ISO standards and involves defining goals and boundaries, conducting an inventory of inputs and outputs, assessing potential environmental impacts, and interpreting the results. It provides a holistic perspective for evaluating and comparing products or systems to support more sustainable decisions.
State of the art on Life Cycle Assessment for Solid Waste ManagementYashpujara00955
Life Cycle Assessment for Solid Waste Management- A Peer Review. LCA tool can be used as a decision-making approach for the many companies and especially LCA tool can be employed for finding the Impact assessment on Environment, Human health and vegetations.
ISO 14044 provides requirements and guidelines for conducting life cycle assessments (LCAs). It outlines the four phases of an LCA: goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation. The standard specifies how to define the goal and scope of an LCA study, collect inventory data, evaluate potential environmental and health impacts, and interpret the results. It is designed to promote standardized and scientifically-based LCAs to inform decision-making in industry, government, and non-governmental organizations.
Life cycle assessment of construction materials using eio lcaeSAT Journals
Abstract
As per the growing demands of wireless communication there is enormous new technologies participating to make sophisticated environment for an end user. In a recent survey of International Telecommunication Union (ITU) it was found that the number of mobile phone subscribers has exceeds seven billion subscriptions at the end of 2014 using more than 10 to 15 internet utility apps which is more than the entire population of planet. To serve this increasing number and size of wireless communication system the German physicist – Harald Haas proposed a “Li–Fi technology” which he calls “Data through illumination” or “D-Light”. Li-Fi is a new approach of VLC which has much more similar working of a OFC communication system providing data rates of ten’s of Gbps. In this technology data is interpreted by the LED’s ON/OFF concepts.
This paper gives a brief focus on Li-Fi technology, it’s working principal, some misconceptions about Li-Fi and related researches like Nobel Prize winning Blue Light emitting diode, Optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) receiver, etc.
Keywords: Li- Fi, VLC, Visible light communication, photo detector, optoelectronic integrated circuit, OEIC receiver, AP.
This document discusses life cycle assessment (LCA), a tool used to evaluate the environmental impacts of products and processes across their entire life cycles. It describes how LCA involves compiling an inventory of relevant energy and material inputs and environmental releases, then evaluating the potential human and ecological effects. The document provides background on the origins and development of LCA, outlines the typical phases of an LCA process, and discusses some limitations and challenges and how LCA can inform decision making.
The document summarizes a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tutorial presentation. The presentation covers LCA concepts, a case study of Interface carpets, and guidance on conducting LCAs. It introduces LCA as a framework to assess environmental and human health impacts across a product's life cycle. The presentation reviews the ISO standards for LCA and walks through the key steps of goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation. It also discusses how Interface used LCA to identify opportunities to reduce the environmental impact of its carpets, such as lowering nylon content. The presentation provides an overview of LCA best practices and considerations.
The document discusses life cycle analysis (LCA), which examines the environmental impacts of a product throughout its life, including raw material acquisition, production, use, and disposal. It outlines the four main steps of LCA: goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation. Key challenges include defining system boundaries, collecting comprehensive data, quantifying environmental impacts, and selecting impact categories and normalization methods. LCA aims to identify opportunities to reduce a product's environmental footprint across its entire lifespan.
The document discusses solid waste management and sustainability. It provides definitions of sustainability from the UN and outlines some key principles like being biodegradable, recyclable, and environmentally friendly. It also discusses concepts like life cycle assessment (LCA), which evaluates the environmental impacts of products throughout their life cycle from raw material extraction to disposal. LCA can be used to identify opportunities to reduce environmental impacts and inform product design and policy decisions.
Dr Steve Allen, Sustain Ltd and Dr Marcelle McManus of the University of Bath set out the thinking and research behind conducting Life Cycle Assessment and the business benefits of carrying it out.
Life Cycle Assesment Report for Centre for the Creative Arts and Media (CCAM)...Jonathan Flanagan
This document provides a life cycle assessment report comparing the carbon footprint of expanded polystyrene insulation versus expanded cork insulation for use in the solid floor build-up of a chapel. It begins with an introduction to life cycle assessments and their importance for building materials. The goal and scope of the assessment are to calculate and compare the total carbon footprint of EPS and cork insulation for the chapel floor from cradle to site. The report then discusses the life cycle costing process and provides details on the manufacture, transport, installation, lifespan and disposal of both insulation materials.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool used to systematically evaluate the environmental impacts of a product throughout its lifecycle from raw material extraction to disposal. An LCA study compares the environmental impacts of plastic (PET) bottles versus aluminum bottles. The LCA considers impacts like global warming potential and solid waste generated for each material from production to consumption to disposal in the US. While LCA provides useful information, results can lack reliability due to inaccurate or unavailable data and differing system boundaries and assumptions between studies.
This document discusses environment management through industrial ecology and life cycle assessment. It defines industrial ecology as a systems-based, multidisciplinary approach that seeks to understand complex human/natural systems. The principles of industrial ecology include using natural systems as metaphors to improve industrial systems and reduce environmental impacts. Life cycle assessment is defined as the compilation and evaluation of inputs, outputs and potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle. The document provides an example case study of a life cycle assessment and discusses the uses and benefits of industrial ecology and life cycle assessment.
The document summarizes life cycle assessment (LCA), including its history, key concepts, and applications. LCA evaluates the environmental impacts of a product or system throughout its life cycle by analyzing inputs/outputs of material/energy at each stage. It has been used to support policy, product design, and corporate decision making in both the US and Europe. While LCA provides a comprehensive framework, its use in the US has been limited due to lack of funding and standardized practices.
The document discusses life cycle analysis (LCA), which evaluates the environmental impacts of a product throughout its life cycle from material sourcing through end of life. Key stages of LCA include production, distribution, use, and disposal. LCA can help identify ways to improve the environmental profile of products, such as using more sustainable materials, reducing packaging waste, or increasing energy efficiency. The document provides examples of LCA being used to analyze automobiles, refrigerators, washing machines, and fuel sources to help optimize their design and minimize environmental impacts.
The document discusses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), including its definition, ISO requirements, and steps. LCA looks at a product's environmental impacts from raw material extraction to disposal. It discusses case studies on LCAs of olive oil packaging (tin vs plastic), PET water bottles in California, expanded polystyrene packaging in Europe, and electric vs gasoline vehicles. For the olive oil study, tin packaging had a lower overall environmental impact than plastic. The PET bottle LCA found packaging and disposal stages impact water pollution the most. Expanded polystyrene and polypropylene packaging were compared for energy use and water pollution impacts. Electric vehicles require less total energy over their lifetime than gasoline vehicles.
Life Cycle Assessment Of Polymers And Compoundsharidoss
This document discusses a presentation on life cycle assessment (LCA) of polymers and compounds for wire and cable. It covers LCA frameworks, base polymers used in cables, and recent LCA studies of various cable materials and systems. LCA looks at the environmental impacts of products across their lifecycles from material sourcing through end of life. The presentation examines using LCA to evaluate impacts of lead-containing versus lead-free cables and how electricity use contributes most to impacts of lead-free cables. It also summarizes LCAs of different cable systems and power lines that found production stage impacts to be most significant. The document concludes with opportunities to further develop LCA methods and models for wire and cable applications.
This tutorial provides instructions for building and comparing life cycle assessment models for a 500ml beer bottle made from either PET plastic or aluminum using the openLCA software. The document guides the user through setting up the goal and scope of the assessment, installing the necessary database, constructing individual models for the PET bottle and aluminum can by defining their inputs and outputs, and calculating and comparing the environmental impacts of the two systems using the openLCA software interface.
Addressing Environmental Problems with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)Victorino Alexandre
It is proved that many of the global issues faced today are due to human beings activities. Being the main culprit of climate changes and other environmental issues, it is man`s obligation to try to solve this problem. Life Cycle Assessment is a recent technique used to address some environmental problems.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a standardized method to track and report the environmental impacts of a product or process throughout its full life cycle. An LCA for construction includes four phases: goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation. The goal and scope define the study parameters. Inventory analysis collects and calculates input/output data. Impact assessment relates emissions to environmental/health impacts. Interpretation critically evaluates strengths/weaknesses and identifies significant issues to draw conclusions. LCA provides a comprehensive way to understand and improve a building's environmental performance from cradle to grave.
This document discusses criteria interaction modeling in life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis. It examines using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods to aggregate evaluation results in LCA in a more flexible way that accounts for interactions between criteria. Currently, LCA often just uses weighted sums, which cannot model criteria interactions and require preferences to be independent. The document reviews different MCDA methods and their ability to model criteria interactions to help enhance LCA evaluations. It focuses on methods that can better aggregate both qualitative and quantitative data typically present in environmental problems.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document discusses life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology in the context of environmentally sustainable development. LCA examines the environmental aspects and potential impacts of a product throughout its life cycle, from raw material extraction through production, use, and disposal. It aims to reduce environmental impacts by identifying opportunities for improvement at each stage. LCA follows ISO standards and involves defining goals and boundaries, conducting an inventory of inputs and outputs, assessing potential environmental impacts, and interpreting the results. It provides a holistic perspective for evaluating and comparing products or systems to support more sustainable decisions.
State of the art on Life Cycle Assessment for Solid Waste ManagementYashpujara00955
Life Cycle Assessment for Solid Waste Management- A Peer Review. LCA tool can be used as a decision-making approach for the many companies and especially LCA tool can be employed for finding the Impact assessment on Environment, Human health and vegetations.
ISO 14044 provides requirements and guidelines for conducting life cycle assessments (LCAs). It outlines the four phases of an LCA: goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation. The standard specifies how to define the goal and scope of an LCA study, collect inventory data, evaluate potential environmental and health impacts, and interpret the results. It is designed to promote standardized and scientifically-based LCAs to inform decision-making in industry, government, and non-governmental organizations.
Life cycle assessment of construction materials using eio lcaeSAT Journals
Abstract
As per the growing demands of wireless communication there is enormous new technologies participating to make sophisticated environment for an end user. In a recent survey of International Telecommunication Union (ITU) it was found that the number of mobile phone subscribers has exceeds seven billion subscriptions at the end of 2014 using more than 10 to 15 internet utility apps which is more than the entire population of planet. To serve this increasing number and size of wireless communication system the German physicist – Harald Haas proposed a “Li–Fi technology” which he calls “Data through illumination” or “D-Light”. Li-Fi is a new approach of VLC which has much more similar working of a OFC communication system providing data rates of ten’s of Gbps. In this technology data is interpreted by the LED’s ON/OFF concepts.
This paper gives a brief focus on Li-Fi technology, it’s working principal, some misconceptions about Li-Fi and related researches like Nobel Prize winning Blue Light emitting diode, Optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) receiver, etc.
Keywords: Li- Fi, VLC, Visible light communication, photo detector, optoelectronic integrated circuit, OEIC receiver, AP.
This document discusses life cycle assessment (LCA), a tool used to evaluate the environmental impacts of products and processes across their entire life cycles. It describes how LCA involves compiling an inventory of relevant energy and material inputs and environmental releases, then evaluating the potential human and ecological effects. The document provides background on the origins and development of LCA, outlines the typical phases of an LCA process, and discusses some limitations and challenges and how LCA can inform decision making.
The document summarizes a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tutorial presentation. The presentation covers LCA concepts, a case study of Interface carpets, and guidance on conducting LCAs. It introduces LCA as a framework to assess environmental and human health impacts across a product's life cycle. The presentation reviews the ISO standards for LCA and walks through the key steps of goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation. It also discusses how Interface used LCA to identify opportunities to reduce the environmental impact of its carpets, such as lowering nylon content. The presentation provides an overview of LCA best practices and considerations.
The document discusses life cycle analysis (LCA), which examines the environmental impacts of a product throughout its life, including raw material acquisition, production, use, and disposal. It outlines the four main steps of LCA: goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation. Key challenges include defining system boundaries, collecting comprehensive data, quantifying environmental impacts, and selecting impact categories and normalization methods. LCA aims to identify opportunities to reduce a product's environmental footprint across its entire lifespan.
The document discusses solid waste management and sustainability. It provides definitions of sustainability from the UN and outlines some key principles like being biodegradable, recyclable, and environmentally friendly. It also discusses concepts like life cycle assessment (LCA), which evaluates the environmental impacts of products throughout their life cycle from raw material extraction to disposal. LCA can be used to identify opportunities to reduce environmental impacts and inform product design and policy decisions.
Dr Steve Allen, Sustain Ltd and Dr Marcelle McManus of the University of Bath set out the thinking and research behind conducting Life Cycle Assessment and the business benefits of carrying it out.
Life Cycle Assesment Report for Centre for the Creative Arts and Media (CCAM)...Jonathan Flanagan
This document provides a life cycle assessment report comparing the carbon footprint of expanded polystyrene insulation versus expanded cork insulation for use in the solid floor build-up of a chapel. It begins with an introduction to life cycle assessments and their importance for building materials. The goal and scope of the assessment are to calculate and compare the total carbon footprint of EPS and cork insulation for the chapel floor from cradle to site. The report then discusses the life cycle costing process and provides details on the manufacture, transport, installation, lifespan and disposal of both insulation materials.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool used to systematically evaluate the environmental impacts of a product throughout its lifecycle from raw material extraction to disposal. An LCA study compares the environmental impacts of plastic (PET) bottles versus aluminum bottles. The LCA considers impacts like global warming potential and solid waste generated for each material from production to consumption to disposal in the US. While LCA provides useful information, results can lack reliability due to inaccurate or unavailable data and differing system boundaries and assumptions between studies.
This document discusses environment management through industrial ecology and life cycle assessment. It defines industrial ecology as a systems-based, multidisciplinary approach that seeks to understand complex human/natural systems. The principles of industrial ecology include using natural systems as metaphors to improve industrial systems and reduce environmental impacts. Life cycle assessment is defined as the compilation and evaluation of inputs, outputs and potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle. The document provides an example case study of a life cycle assessment and discusses the uses and benefits of industrial ecology and life cycle assessment.
The document summarizes life cycle assessment (LCA), including its history, key concepts, and applications. LCA evaluates the environmental impacts of a product or system throughout its life cycle by analyzing inputs/outputs of material/energy at each stage. It has been used to support policy, product design, and corporate decision making in both the US and Europe. While LCA provides a comprehensive framework, its use in the US has been limited due to lack of funding and standardized practices.
The document discusses life cycle analysis (LCA), which evaluates the environmental impacts of a product throughout its life cycle from material sourcing through end of life. Key stages of LCA include production, distribution, use, and disposal. LCA can help identify ways to improve the environmental profile of products, such as using more sustainable materials, reducing packaging waste, or increasing energy efficiency. The document provides examples of LCA being used to analyze automobiles, refrigerators, washing machines, and fuel sources to help optimize their design and minimize environmental impacts.
The document discusses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), including its definition, ISO requirements, and steps. LCA looks at a product's environmental impacts from raw material extraction to disposal. It discusses case studies on LCAs of olive oil packaging (tin vs plastic), PET water bottles in California, expanded polystyrene packaging in Europe, and electric vs gasoline vehicles. For the olive oil study, tin packaging had a lower overall environmental impact than plastic. The PET bottle LCA found packaging and disposal stages impact water pollution the most. Expanded polystyrene and polypropylene packaging were compared for energy use and water pollution impacts. Electric vehicles require less total energy over their lifetime than gasoline vehicles.
Life Cycle Assessment Of Polymers And Compoundsharidoss
This document discusses a presentation on life cycle assessment (LCA) of polymers and compounds for wire and cable. It covers LCA frameworks, base polymers used in cables, and recent LCA studies of various cable materials and systems. LCA looks at the environmental impacts of products across their lifecycles from material sourcing through end of life. The presentation examines using LCA to evaluate impacts of lead-containing versus lead-free cables and how electricity use contributes most to impacts of lead-free cables. It also summarizes LCAs of different cable systems and power lines that found production stage impacts to be most significant. The document concludes with opportunities to further develop LCA methods and models for wire and cable applications.
This tutorial provides instructions for building and comparing life cycle assessment models for a 500ml beer bottle made from either PET plastic or aluminum using the openLCA software. The document guides the user through setting up the goal and scope of the assessment, installing the necessary database, constructing individual models for the PET bottle and aluminum can by defining their inputs and outputs, and calculating and comparing the environmental impacts of the two systems using the openLCA software interface.
Addressing Environmental Problems with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)Victorino Alexandre
It is proved that many of the global issues faced today are due to human beings activities. Being the main culprit of climate changes and other environmental issues, it is man`s obligation to try to solve this problem. Life Cycle Assessment is a recent technique used to address some environmental problems.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a standardized method to track and report the environmental impacts of a product or process throughout its full life cycle. An LCA for construction includes four phases: goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation. The goal and scope define the study parameters. Inventory analysis collects and calculates input/output data. Impact assessment relates emissions to environmental/health impacts. Interpretation critically evaluates strengths/weaknesses and identifies significant issues to draw conclusions. LCA provides a comprehensive way to understand and improve a building's environmental performance from cradle to grave.
This document discusses criteria interaction modeling in life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis. It examines using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods to aggregate evaluation results in LCA in a more flexible way that accounts for interactions between criteria. Currently, LCA often just uses weighted sums, which cannot model criteria interactions and require preferences to be independent. The document reviews different MCDA methods and their ability to model criteria interactions to help enhance LCA evaluations. It focuses on methods that can better aggregate both qualitative and quantitative data typically present in environmental problems.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses criteria interaction modeling in life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis. It examines using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods to aggregate LCA impact categories in a more flexible way that accounts for interactions between criteria. Currently, LCA often uses simple weighted sums that assume criteria independence and full compensation between impacts. The document reviews different MCDA approaches and emphasizes methods that can model criteria interactions to improve LCA validity. It argues a single aggregation method is not ideal and proposes a framework combining techniques to minimize information loss when aggregating diverse LCA impacts.
Computational Optimization, Modelling and Simulation: Recent Trends and Chall...Xin-She Yang
This document summarizes recent trends and challenges in computational optimization, modeling and simulation. It discusses how nature-inspired algorithms and surrogate modeling have become popular approaches. However, challenges remain around theoretical understanding of algorithms, solving large-scale problems, and constructing accurate yet efficient surrogate models. The document also reviews papers presented at a workshop on these topics, which demonstrate diverse applications in engineering. Open questions are identified regarding improving algorithm performance, developing more intelligent algorithms, and determining best practices for specific problems.
This document discusses eco-efficiency assessment models and presents a methodology for selecting the appropriate model. It begins with an introduction to eco-efficiency and a literature review that identified 40 articles describing eco-efficiency assessment models. The document then proposes an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-based procedure for choosing the best model for a given application based on predefined criteria. It applies the AHP methodology to a numerical example to demonstrate how to implement the selection process.
This chapter introduces operations research as a quantitative approach to decision making. It discusses the history of operations research emerging during World War II to help manage scarce resources. Operations research is defined as applying scientific methods to complex problems involving systems of people, machines, materials and money. The chapter outlines the nature, features, and significance of operations research in decision making. It also introduces modeling as used in operations research to analyze systems through representations that maintain essential elements.
The document discusses life cycle assessment (LCA), which analyzes the environmental impacts of a product or system throughout its life cycle from raw material extraction through production, use, and disposal or recycling. It outlines the 4 stages of LCA: 1) goal and scope definition, 2) inventory analysis, 3) impact assessment, and 4) interpretation. Key points include that LCA considers all inputs/outputs and environmental effects at each stage, allows comparison of alternatives, but depends on available data and does not consider economic or social factors. Case studies on wind turbines and palm oil biodiesel production demonstrate applying LCA over the full life cycle.
Triple Bottom Line - Cost Benefit Analysis (TBL-CBA) calculates monetary values for social and environmental outcomes of projects to analyze total impacts, not just financial costs. It addresses four common myths: 1) TBL-CBA builds on over 100 years of standardized Cost Benefit Analysis; 2) Life Cycle Cost Analysis only considers financial costs, missing social and environmental impacts; 3) Checklists like LEED don't quantify benefits needed for cost justification; 4) Automated tools now make TBL-CBA more affordable and accessible than custom studies.
<p12018692>CE00967-6 Research Dissertation and Negotiated Final ProjectGus Patterson
This document provides a summary of a research dissertation that proposes introducing and implementing five Lean principles to improve the maintenance procedure for external rescue hoist hooks on Chinook helicopters at RAF Odiham in the UK. The dissertation analyzes the current maintenance procedure, identifies areas for improvement through value stream mapping and analysis, and recommends changes to create flow, establish pull, and seek perfection in line with Lean principles. It acknowledges incidents that caused delays due to deficiencies in rescue hooks, and outlines the dissertation structure which will evaluate the current and improved procedures against Lean concepts.
Costs, Policy, and Benefits in Long-term Digital Preservation, by Neil BeagrieJISC KeepIt project
This presentation describes Keeping Research Data Safe (KRDS) a model, method and survey for assessing the institutional costs for managing and looking after research data. It was given as part of module 2 of a 5-module course on digital preservation tools for repository managers, presented by the JISC KeepIt project. For more on this and other presentations in this course look for the tag 'KeepIt course' in the project blog http://blogs.ecs.soton.ac.uk/keepit/
Proceedings of the 2013 Industrial and Systems Engineering Res.docxstilliegeorgiana
Proceedings of the 2013 Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Conference
A. Krishnamurthy and W.K.V. Chan, eds.
Effect of the Analysis of Alternatives on the DoD Acquisition System
Eugene Rex L. Jalao; Danielle Worger; Teresa Wu, PhD
Arizona State University
Tempe, AZ, 85281
J. Robert Wirthlin, PhD; John M. Colombi, PhD
The Air Force Institute of Technology
Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45430
Abstract
The Enterprise Requirements and Acquisition Model (ERAM) is a discrete event simulation that models the major
tasks and decisions within the DoD acquisition system. A majority of DoD acquisition projects are being completed
behind schedule and over budget. ERAM suggests process improvements can have salutary effects. Hence,
enhancements in improving the end-to-end acquisition process would be worthwhile. Until 2008, the Analysis of
Alternatives (AoA) process is a mandatory task for acquisition category (ACAT) level 1 projects. As such expected
program completion time for ACAT 2 and ACAT3 categories is shorter. Since 2008, the AoA became a required
procedure for all programs. However, to the best of our knowledge, the impact of requiring all programs to complete
an AoA has not yet been studied in literature. This research addresses this gap with two main contributions. First,
this research seeks to quantify the amount of delay on total completion time when the AoA is required for all ACAT
programs. Secondly, the sensitivity of the processing time and variability of the AoA process is simulated and its
effect is studied on total program completion time. Viable policies and intervention strategies are then inferred from
these contributions to further improve acquisition program completion time.
Keywords
DoD, Acquisition, Simulation, Analysis of Alternatives
1. Introduction
It is a known fact that a large number of Department of Defense (DoD) projects are being completed behind
schedule and over-budget [1]. A Government Accountability Office (GAO) report released in 2009 states that for the
DoD’s 2008 portfolio, on average a program faced a 22-month delay and exceeded the original budget [2].
Generally, total cost growth has been consistent over the past few decades with a recent assessment by [3] of 1.44 or
44% growth. The current DoD Acquisition system which is composed of three separate and distinct processes,
including the Joint Capabilities Integration Development System (JCIDS), the Planning, Programming, Budgeting &
Execution (PPBE) process, and the formal acquisition development system outlined by the DoD 5000 series of
instructions, does not exist in a static environment. The system is constantly being adjusted, either through policy
changes or statute [4-6]. Since the acquisition process is a large, complex, socio-technological system, it is difficult
to determine which processes or factors affect performance metrics like time, cost, and resource utilization. ...
Optimisation assessment model for selection of material and assembly for sust...IJMREMJournal
Sustainable Selection of Material and Assembly (SMA) constitutes a importants strategy in building design and
construction. Current sustainable SMA methods fail to provide adequate solutions for finding the optimum
improvement strategies and choosing the best alternative in a decision environment. To assist the decision-making
process, this study suggests the Multi objective Optimization (MO) approach utilization. However, process
improvements cannot be based only on environmental considerations, other factors like socio-economic must be
also being considered in parallel. As well, the study indicates that MO coupled with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
provides a tool for balancing process environmental and economic performance. The value of this approach in
environmental process analysis rests in providing an optimal option for process improvements which may be
optimal and suitable for a particular situation. A decision-aid tool – optimum Life Cycle Assessment Performance
(OLCAP) – is recommended. OLCAP is tested and demonstrated by application to case studies of an existing
traditional construction method and contemporary construction method of low cost housing projects. The MO
value in process analysis lies in allowing for an alternative option for process betterments, therefore able the
selection of the Best Available Technique not Entailing Excessive Cost (BATEEC) and Best Practicable
Environmental Option (BPEO).
Life Cycle Assessment of Power Utility Poles – A Reviewinventionjournals
Worldwide, overhead electricity distribution is performed using poles made from various materials. The choice of the most efficient pole material is based on management strategies that integrate concerns for environmental sustainability. By quantifying environmental impacts of products, life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool which can be very useful to decision-makers. But how, where and to which extent has it been applied to power utility poles until now, and which accomplishments and challenges can be pointed out from the findings of these LCA applications? To address these questions, a review of accessible published LCA studies of power utility poles has been carried out. By employing well established literature review methodologies, a computer search of journals, conference proceedings, and reports have been carried out and retrieved case studies have been analyzed according to the criteria derived from the four phases of LCA international standards. From a performed review process, it was realized that a total of 13 LCA case studies have been increasingly conducted during these last 26 years in only four countries around the world. The case studies included both comparative LCA of various pole materials and LCA of a single pole material. The main used utility pole materials, the main considered functional units, the main assessed impact categories, the most considered environmentally friendly pole material, and the main challenges in the field have been identified and documented. LCA constitute a useful research field when studying the sustainability of power utility poles. Although existing case studies are scarce, the review highlights several outstanding accomplishments which show what have been satisfactorily done and what needs to be done. Currently, the topic is mainly limited to USA and Swedish researchers; developing countries seem to have noting to do with and there is not yet a methodological consensus which could facilitate a deep comparison between published case studies.
Life Cycle Assessment of Power Utility Poles – A Reviewinventionjournals
The document reviews 13 published life cycle assessment studies on power utility poles conducted between 1990 and 2016. The studies were conducted in 4 countries - the United States, Sweden, Australia, and Switzerland. The majority of studies (10) were conducted by organizations in the United States, while the remaining 3 were conducted by individual researchers in Sweden. The studies included both comparative LCAs of various pole materials and LCAs of single pole materials. The review aims to identify important parameters, accomplishments, challenges in the field of utility pole LCA research.
With the development of the urbanization, industrialization and populace, there has been a huge development in the rush hour gridlock. With development in the rush hour gridlock, there got a heap of issues with it as well, these issues incorporate congested roads, mishaps and movement govern infringement at the overwhelming activity signals. This thusly adversy affects the economy of the nation and in addition the loss of lives. Thus, Speed control is in the need of great importance because of the expanded rate of mishaps announced in our everyday life. The criminal traffic offense expanded due to over movement on streets. The reason is rapid of vehicles. The speed of the vehicles is past the normal speed confine is called speed infringement. In this paper diverse issues are confronted that are given in issue detailing. Every one of these issues are in future with the assistance of the fortification learning issue and advancement issue the changed neural system is contemplated with NN calculations forward Chaining back spread . Omesh Goyal | Chamkour Singh ""A Review on Traffic Signal Identification"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23557.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/23557/a-review-on-traffic-signal-identification/omesh-goyal
LIFE CYCLE COST CALCULATION MODELS FOR BUILDINGSSharan Thampi J
This document discusses life cycle cost (LCC) calculation models for buildings. It provides an overview of theoretical economic methods for LCC analyses and their limitations. Key points include:
1) The most suitable approach for LCC in construction is net present value, but existing models have advantages and disadvantages depending on which cost elements they include.
2) Data required for LCC includes occupancy, physical, performance, quality, and cost data at different stages of a building's life cycle. Reliable data is difficult to obtain but important for accurate analysis.
3) Sources of LCC data include manufacturers, historical data, and modeling techniques. Predicting service lives of building components is also important but challenging given various influencing factors
Quantity surveying dissertation effectiveness of life cycle costing in sustai...Steve Jones
This dissertation examines the effectiveness of life cycle costing (LCC) in sustainable construction. LCC allows evaluation of design options by considering all capital, operational, maintenance, and disposal costs over a building's lifetime. While an initial increase in capital expenditure may result in long-term savings, LCC faces limitations in its application within the industry. The research aims to identify how LCC can be integrated with sustainable design and whether it can effectively reduce environmental impacts. An online questionnaire was distributed to collect data from industry professionals on LCC use and barriers. The results will be analyzed to draw conclusions and recommendations on supporting LCC as a sustainability tool.
An Optimization-LCA of a Prestressed Concrete Precast Bridge► Victor Yepes
The construction sector is one of the most active sectors, with a high economic,
environmental and social impact. For this reason, the sustainable design of structures and buildings
is a trend that must be followed. Bridges are one of the most important structures in the construction
sector, as their construction and maintenance are crucial to achieve and retain the best transport
between different places. Nowadays, the choice of bridge design depends on the initial economic
criterion but other criteria should be considered to assess the environmental and social aspects.
Furthermore, for a correct choice, the influence of these criteria during the bridge life-cycle must
be taken into account. This study aims to analyse the life-cycle environmental impact of efficient
structures from the economic point of view. Life-cycle assessment process is used to obtain all the
environmental information about bridges. In this paper, a prestressed concrete precast bridge is
cost-optimized and afterwards, the life-cycle assessment is carried out to achieve the environmental
information about the bridge.
This document discusses developing business processes to calculate the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) footprint over the entire supply chain for a food production process. It begins by introducing the research project between SAP and California State University to develop software integrating sustainable business processes. It then reviews existing carbon footprint methodologies and models before detailing the specific processes mapped and CO2e calculations conducted for milled rice and rice cakes. The results found farming operations are the largest CO2e contributor but most are natural emissions. Future research questions how to account for natural processes and automate carbon footprint tracking in enterprise systems.
Acolyte Episodes review (TV series) The Acolyte. Learn about the influence of the program on the Star Wars world, as well as new characters and story twists.
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/