The Asian Development Bank (ADB) was founded in 1966 and is headquartered in Manila, Philippines. It aims to foster economic growth, reduce poverty, and improve living standards in Asia and the Pacific through loans, technical assistance, and grants for infrastructure, health, education, and other development projects. The ADB is owned by 67 members, with Japan and the United States holding the largest voting shares. It focuses on sectors like agriculture, energy, transport, and social services to overcome challenges such as lack of access to water and sanitation across Asia.

1. Asian Development Bank

2. INTRO TO ADB
 Founded in 1966
 Headquarters are in Manila, Philippines
 Primary mission is to foster growth and
cooperation among countries in the Asia-Pacific
Region
 Non-governmental organization providing
funding and technical assistance
 From 31 members at its establishment, ADB
now has 67 members - of which 48 are from
within Asia and the Pacific and 19 outside

3. INTRO TO ADB
 At present, both the United
States and Japan hold 552,210 shares,
the largest proportion of shares at
12.756% each.
 China holds 228,000 shares
(6.429%), India holds 224,010 shares
(6.317%), the 2nd and 3rd largest
proportion of shares respectively.

5. STATED GOALS
1. Promoting
economic growth
2. Reducing poverty
3. Developing human
resources
4. Improving the status
of women
5. Protecting the
environment

6. FUNCTIONS
 Provides loans and equity investments to its
developing member countries
 Provides technical assistance for the planning
and execution of development projects and
programs and for advisory services
 Promotes and facilitates investment of public
and private capital for development
 Assists in coordinating development policies
and plans of its DMCs

7. AREAS OF WORK
The Bank's operations cover a wide spectrum of
activities and have been classified according to
the following sectors:
1. Agriculture and natural resources
2. Transport and communications
3. Energy
4. Industry and non-fuel minerals
5. Finance
6. Social infrastructure

8. CHALLENGES
 Safe water is still not available to 60% of the
people in the member countries
 Improved sanitation facilities have still not
reached 70% of the people
 Out of every 100 children, 40 die before they
reach the age of 15. Infant mortality rate is very
high
 Half of the undernourished population of the
world lives in Asia
 Rising inflation has adversely impacted growth
rates in Asia

9. ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT
 ADB has focused on
good governance and
macroeconomic stability
 The triggers for reform in
most PDMCs have been
intrinsically related to
fiscal crises,
unmanageable
government debts,
public dissatisfaction
with government
performance, and
election of reform-
oriented governments

10. AREAS OF EMPHASIS
1. Supporting legislative reform of the role of
parliament and the public sector
2. Strengthening good governance institutions
3. Introducing fiscal discipline and output focused
budgeting
4. Downsizing the civil service and strengthening its
professionalism
5. Promoting more open and growth-orientated
economic policies
6. Encouraging privatization and a larger role for the
private sector

11. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
 The ADB has 64 Member Countries, 45 from
within the Asia-Pacific region of which 42 are
borrowing countries, referred to as Developing
Member Countries
 Each member county is represented on the
Board of Governors
 The less influential countries are grouped into
constituencies and the constituency is
represented by an Executive Director (ED) and
an Alternate Executive Director

12. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
 The Board of Governors elects a 12-person
Board of Executive Directors, who are
nominated by their respective governments.
Representation on this board is determined by
the level of financial contribution to the ADB
 Within the constituency countries that make the
largest contributions hold the ED and AED
positions. Between them the 4 WaterAid
working countries hold around 9% of voting
rights

13. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
 Below the executive
level the Bank is
organized into
departments, including
5 regional departments
for managing
operations.
 All WaterAid working
countries fall within the
South Asia regional
department