MAKING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER CONCRETE WITH AGGREGATE FROM SAND, FLO...IAEME Publication
Environmentally friendly polymer concrete by utilizing waste has been widely
developed, one of them is pumice and bagasse fiber waste. The use of these two wastes
has not been optimal, for that by being used as fillers in concrete polymers are
expected to have a higher economic value. This study aims to determine the optimal
composition of natural binder and to know the mechanical characteristics and sound
absorption of polymer concrete which is fabricated using pumice, sand and sugarcane
waste with epoxy resin adhesive. The composition variations made are sand, pumice
(1: 1) or (50 gr: 50 gr), rubber yarn solid waste 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% of the
total weight of sand and stone buoyant, variations in the composition of polyurethane
20%, 25% and 30% of the total weight of sand and pumice. Then the characterization
was carried out in the form of density test, porosity, compressive strength, flexural
strength, polymer concrete morphology, and sound absorption coefficient. From the
test results obtained the characteristics of polymer concrete have optimum value,
namely density (1.655 gr / cm3), water absorption (8.864%) porosity (16.151%),
compressive strength (8.59 MPa), flexural strength (18.171 MPa), impact strength (
2,376 KJ / m2). Sound absorption coefficients were obtained for samples B6 (1.00),
A6 (0.48) and C6 (0.20). This polymer concrete is lighter than conventional concrete
that has better strength.
MAKING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER CONCRETE WITH AGGREGATE FROM SAND, FLO...IAEME Publication
Environmentally friendly polymer concrete by utilizing waste has been widely
developed, one of them is pumice and bagasse fiber waste. The use of these two wastes
has not been optimal, for that by being used as fillers in concrete polymers are
expected to have a higher economic value. This study aims to determine the optimal
composition of natural binder and to know the mechanical characteristics and sound
absorption of polymer concrete which is fabricated using pumice, sand and sugarcane
waste with epoxy resin adhesive. The composition variations made are sand, pumice
(1: 1) or (50 gr: 50 gr), rubber yarn solid waste 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% of the
total weight of sand and stone buoyant, variations in the composition of polyurethane
20%, 25% and 30% of the total weight of sand and pumice. Then the characterization
was carried out in the form of density test, porosity, compressive strength, flexural
strength, polymer concrete morphology, and sound absorption coefficient. From the
test results obtained the characteristics of polymer concrete have optimum value,
namely density (1.655 gr / cm3), water absorption (8.864%) porosity (16.151%),
compressive strength (8.59 MPa), flexural strength (18.171 MPa), impact strength (
2,376 KJ / m2). Sound absorption coefficients were obtained for samples B6 (1.00),
A6 (0.48) and C6 (0.20). This polymer concrete is lighter than conventional concrete
that has better strength.
Beneficiation and Mineral Processing of Sand and Silica Sand; Sand and Silica Sand; Processing Sand; Sand into Silicon-Silicon carbide ; Heavy Mineral Sand; Separation of Heavy Minerals from Black Sand/Sand; Zircon to Zirconium; Ti-Bearing Minerals
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
In present work forward osmosis (FO) process was used as a novel process for the removal of Cd+2 ions from wastewater. Cellulose acetate (CA) membrane used as flat sheet membrane for Cd+2 ions removal. MgSO4.7H2O with different concentration was used as draw solution. Influence of different parameters was studied such as concentration of draw solutions ranged (10-150 g/l), concentration of feed solutions (10-200 mg/l), flow rate of draw solutions (30-100 l/hr), flow rate of feed solutions (30-100 l/hr), and temperature of both feed and draw solution (10-40oC) at constant pressure 0.3 bar gauge. The results proved that when the draw solution concentration, flow rate of feed solution, and temperature of both feed solution and draw solution increased, the water flux increase. Water flux decreased by increasing cadmium ions concentration in feed solution, operating time of experiment, and flow rate of draw solution. Cadmium ions concentration in feed solution effluent increased when concentration of feed solution increased, time of experimental work, draw solution concentration, feed solution flow rate, and temperature of feed and draw solutions and decreased with increasing draw solution flow rate. According to the results obtained, forward osmosis process can be used to recover Cd+2 ions contaminated wastewater with removal efficiency 78.87% after 3 hrs. Reverse salt flux of MgSO4.7H2O through the CA membrane decreased with time which reached 23.34 g/m2.h after 3 hrs
Beneficiation and Mineral Processing of Sand and Silica Sand; Sand and Silica Sand; Processing Sand; Sand into Silicon-Silicon carbide ; Heavy Mineral Sand; Separation of Heavy Minerals from Black Sand/Sand; Zircon to Zirconium; Ti-Bearing Minerals
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
In present work forward osmosis (FO) process was used as a novel process for the removal of Cd+2 ions from wastewater. Cellulose acetate (CA) membrane used as flat sheet membrane for Cd+2 ions removal. MgSO4.7H2O with different concentration was used as draw solution. Influence of different parameters was studied such as concentration of draw solutions ranged (10-150 g/l), concentration of feed solutions (10-200 mg/l), flow rate of draw solutions (30-100 l/hr), flow rate of feed solutions (30-100 l/hr), and temperature of both feed and draw solution (10-40oC) at constant pressure 0.3 bar gauge. The results proved that when the draw solution concentration, flow rate of feed solution, and temperature of both feed solution and draw solution increased, the water flux increase. Water flux decreased by increasing cadmium ions concentration in feed solution, operating time of experiment, and flow rate of draw solution. Cadmium ions concentration in feed solution effluent increased when concentration of feed solution increased, time of experimental work, draw solution concentration, feed solution flow rate, and temperature of feed and draw solutions and decreased with increasing draw solution flow rate. According to the results obtained, forward osmosis process can be used to recover Cd+2 ions contaminated wastewater with removal efficiency 78.87% after 3 hrs. Reverse salt flux of MgSO4.7H2O through the CA membrane decreased with time which reached 23.34 g/m2.h after 3 hrs
Optical Control of Selectivity of High Rate CO2 Photoreduction Via Interband-...Pawan Kumar
Photonic crystals consisting of TiO2 nanotube arrays (PMTiNTs) with periodically modulated diameters were fabricated using a precise charge-controlled pulsed anodization technique. The PMTiNTs were decorated with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to form plasmonic photonic crystal photocatalysts (Au-PMTiNTs). A systematic study of CO2 photoreduction performance on as-prepared samples was conducted using different wavelengths and illumination sequences. A remarkable selectivity of the mechanism of CO2 photoreduction could be engineered by merely varying the spectral composition of the illumination sequence. Under AM1.5 G simulated sunlight (pathway#1), the Au-PMTiNTs produced methane (302 µmol h-1) from CO2 with high selectivity (89.3%). When also illuminated by a UV-poor white lamp (pathway#2), the Au-PMTiNTs produced formaldehyde (420 µmol h-1) and carbon monoxide (323 µmol h-1) with almost no methane evolved. We confirmed the photoreduction results by 13C isotope labeling experiments using GC-MS. These results point to optical control of the selectivity of high-rate CO2 photoreduction through selection of one of two different mechanistic pathways. Pathway#1 implicates electron-hole pairs generated through interband transitions in TiO2 and Au as the primary active species responsible for reducing CO2 to methane. Pathway#2 involves excitation of both TiO2 and surface plasmons in Au. Hot electrons produced by plasmon damping and photogenerated holes in TiO2 proceed to reduce CO2 to HCHO and CO through a plasmonic Z-scheme.
4th ACRICE Conference & 42nd CSN Annual International Conference.pptOwolabiBankole1
Fabrication of simple and cost-effective visible-light-driven photocatalyst composed of cobalt oxide nanoparticles tethered to reduced graphene oxide for the removal of organic pollutants in simulated wastewater
1. Large scale production of C18 bound porous silica monolith
stationary phase of enhanced separation performance in liquid
chromatography
Synthesis of partially sub- 2µm Ground Silica monolith particles
PEG,Mn20,000+Urea+TMOS+0.01N Acetic acid
(Under ice cold conditions)
Multi steps heating of the mixture at 40C˚ and 120C˚
for 48 h respectively, then drying at 70C˚
Grinding and Calcination at 550C˚ for 72 h
A microscopic view of silica monolith particles
(A) and SEM images of C18-bound silica monolith particles
with different magnification (B, C, D). The scale bars are 2,
20, 10, and 2 μm for A, B, C, and D, respectively.
A
A B
D
BB
C
Experimental
Results & Discusions
Solute A a B b C a
Phenol 17400±400 27000±500 46872±800
Acetophenone 17400±650 26900±600 41503±900
4-Methyl-2-
nitroaniline
19000±700 29700±900 36034 ±1100
Benzene 18300±300 23800±900 42504±800
Toluene 19200±450 24600±600 38675 ±1400
Average 18300 26400 41100
Comparison of N-values for the column of current study with those of the phase of
previous study and commercial C-18.
A. Commercial Lichorsorper RP18
(5 µm).
B. Monolithic silica (previous study,
[1]), C18 bound, 3-5 µm.
C. Monolithic silica (current study),
C18 bound, sub 2 µm.
Current study Previous study [1]
d(0.1)a d(0.5)b d(0.9)c d(0.1)a
d(0.5)b
d(0.9)c
Number
based
0.776 1.214 2.481 0.855 1.348 2.984
Volume
based
1.463 3.233 6.230 2.346 4.185 8.541
Particle size distribution of bare silica monolith
particles
Comparison of BET/BJH data between current
and previous studies of monolith particles
Bare silica
particles
C18-bound
silica particles
A B C A B C
Pore size
(Å) 343 212 296 -- 146 216
Pore volume
(cm3
/g) 1.06 0.83 0.75 -- 0.53 0.63
Surface area
(m2
/g) 136 283 126 -- 161 115
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Basic Science Research program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry
of Science, ICT & Future Planning (2012 R1A1A2006066).
References [1]. Lee, S. M.; Zaidi, S. A.; Cheong, W. J. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc.2010, 31, 2943-2948.
[2].Han,K. M. and Cheong, W. J. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc.2008, 29(11), 2281-2283
[3]. Ali, F.; Cheong, W. J.; Al Othman, Z.A.; Al Majid, A. M. J. Chromatogr. A. 2013, 1303, 9-17.
The plots of BJH adsorption pore size
distribution of the bare silica monolith
particles (closed circle) and the C18-bound
silica monolith particles (open circle).
Figure Number based and volume based particle size
distribution of bare silica monolith particles.
Abstract
Conclusion
Partially sub-2-micron porous silica monolith particles of relatively uniform size have
been prepared successfully in large scale by sol gel process followed by grinding and
calcination at 550˚C. These particles were derivatized with a C18 reagent
(chlorodimethyl octadecylsilane) in anhydrous toluene under reflux and end-capped
with a misture of HMDS (hexamethyl disilazane) and TMCS (trimethyl chlorosilane).
The C18 bound phase was packed in a glass-lined stainless steel micro-column (1.0 mm
ID and 300 mm length) with a slurry packer under high pressure. The separation
efficiency as high as 130,000 N/m were achieved for a test mixture containing benzene
and its four derivatives using 60/40 acetonitrile/ water (v/v %) with 0.1% TFA at a flow
rate of 25 µL/min. The separation efficiency of current stationary phase is better than
that of common commercial C-18 phases.
Partially sub-2 µm silica monolith particles have been synthesized in relatively large scale in comparison to those of our previous
studies. Those particles were chemically modified with C-18 alkyl ligand and end-capped.
The resultant stationary phase after packing in a micro column (1.0 mm x 300 mm) showed better separation efficiency compared to
those of our previous studies for the same column dimensions. This study may be regarded as a step advance towards the realization
of future disposable micro-columns.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
min
C
B
A
a. Column dimensions and mobile phase compositions: 1.0 mm ID X 300 mm and 60/40
acetonitrile/water, 0.1% TFA, 214nm.
b. Column dimensions and mobile phase composition: 0.5mm ID X 300mm and 70/30 acetonitrile/water,
0.1% TFA, 214nm.