Presented by Noelina Nantima at the closing workshop of the BecA‐ILRI‐CSIRO‐AusAID project on Understanding ASF epidemiology as a basis for control, Nairobi, Kenya, 2‐3 October 2013
4. 1.0 Introduction
1 0 Introduction
• Pig rearing has considerable potential in raising
household incomes of the rural small holder poor
farmers
• Outbreaks of ASF hampering the development of the
pig sector
i
pg
g
y
g
• Almost all pigs that get affected by ASF die leading to
loss of income and food security
• Current strategies to control ASF are aimed at
Current strategies to control ASF are aimed at
improving biosecurity
5. 2.0 Objective of the study
2 0 Objective of the study
To assess small holder pig farmers awareness, knowledge
and perception of appropriate ASF biosecurity practices
and feasibility of adoption in four neighboring districts
Study Area
along the Uganda-Kenya boarder
•
•
•
•
Uganda
Busia & Tororo districts
Kenya
Teso & Busia districts
7. 4.0 Materials and Methods
4.0 Materials and Methods
• The project developed simple
biosecurity messages to explain
how ASF virus spreads and
simple measures to control it
Messages were developed on a
• Messages were developed on a
poster calendar
• Poster calendar produced for
Poster calendar produced for
Kenya and for Uganda
• Translated messages into local
g g
languages
7
|
9. In the study site, farmers
were not conscious that
were not conscious that
ASF virus could be spread
by infected pigs getting in
contact with healthy pigs or
contact with healthy pigs or
by people movement/on
people’s feet
In the study site, pigs
are tethered some of
the time, never
,
housed, some free
range during the
night and some after
g
crop harvest
10. In the study site ,
25% of farms fed
5% of farms fed
their pigs on swill
in addition to
other food stuffs
In the study site,
farmers said
that they used
swill that does
not contain pork
not contain pork
13. Some farmers said that when
pigs die, they slaughter and share
meat with neighbors and
meat with neighbors and
relatives and sell the balance. it is
a taboo to bury pigs, it is
throwing away luck and wealth,
some said it is throwing away
id i i h
i
food and money. Some said they
throw in the bush.
• In the study site,
farmers were not
aware that ASFV can
aware that ASFV can
be spread through
infected dead pigs or
pg
pork or bones
15. 4.0. Materials &
Methods
• F
Focus Group Discussions
G
Di
i
(FGDs) held to test and
get feedback from farmers
t f db k f
f
Study Area
on the messages
• 24 FGD in 13 villages
FGDs i
ill
• Villages selected
i l based on;
d
purposively b
• -poor and less poor
• -swill f di and not
ill feeding d t
• -near main town and more
remote
t
• ASF outbreak and no ASF
17. 5.0 RESULTS
5.1 Number of villages aware of each message
Number of villages with at least some people who were
aware of the biosecurity message.
highest awareness was movement of pigs
8
Numb of vil
ber
llages
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Confine pigs
Feeding
Bringing new
pigs on the
pigs on the
farm
Reporting
Cleaning
Disposal of
dead pigs
dead pigs
Movement of
pigs
pigs
18. 5.2. Level of awareness
5.2. Level of awareness
Number of villages with at least some p p who were
g
people
aware of the biosecurity message.
Number o
of villages wh
here focus g
groups held
6
5
The level of awareness
of biosecurity messages
f bi
it
was generally very low
4
3
2
1
0
0
1
2
3
Number of messages
4
5
6
7
19. 5.3 Capacity to change
5 3 Capacity to change
• Farmers said they
are willing to do
something but it
something but it
needs institutional
change
21. 5.3 Capacity to change
p
y
g
What people need to improve
What people need to improve
• Provide technical advice on
pig keeping, treatment and
disease control
• Provide loan facilities
through microfinance
through microfinance
institutions (feeds, drugs)
• Compensate farmers when
they lose pigs due to ASF
they lose pigs due to ASF
22. 5.3 Capacity to change
p
y
g
What people need to improve
What people need to improve
• Provide regular training to
farmers in good pig
farmers in good pig
farming practices
• Compensate farmers
when they lose pigs due
when they lose pigs due
to ASF
• I
Increase availability and
il bilit
d
accessibility of affordable
veterinary services
23. 6.0 Implications for ASF Control
6 0 Implications for ASF Control
•G
Generally farmers were not aware of
ll f
t
f
most of the biosecurity measures (aver
most of the biosecurity measures (aver
77.7%) this could be one of the reasons
why there are sporadic outbreaks of ASF
•D l
Develop a holistic and participatory
h li ti
d
ti i t
approach in the designing, development
approach in the designing, development
and implementation of feasible
biosecurity practices
24. 6.0 Implications for ASF Control
6 0 Implications for ASF Control
•T
To understand what farmers know and perceive
d t d h tf
k
d
i
p
y
as barriers to adoption of biosecurity.
• If farmers do not understand and appreciate,
they will not adopt biosecurity practices.
• N df
Need for regular sensitization and training of
l
iti ti
dt i i
f
p
y
farmers on the importance of biosecurity in the
prevention and control of ASF
25. 7.0 Way Forward
7 0 Way Forward
• Involve all stakeholders in ASF control; farmers,
;
,
traders, butchers, services providers (private,
government), agro vets, NGOs, law enforcement,
government) agro vets NGOs law enforcement
consumers etc.
• What innovations could help farmers to change?
compensation?
insurance for pig farmers?
incentives to farmers who report?
f
h
?
Construction of an abbattoir where sick pigs could
pg
be proceeded properly to kill the virus n the prok is
sold