various methods of asexual reproduction have been explained in easy and lucid language so as to understood by 12 th level students.further it will helpful for preparation of NEET

1. Asexual Reproduction In
Living Organism
12th Biology Notes Useful For
NEET and STATE BOARD
By Miss Madhuri Y. Bhande
(Research Scholer)
Department of Zoology and Fishery Science,
Rajarshi Shahu Mahavidyalaya(Autonomous) Latur.
By Miss. Madhuri Y. Bhande

2. Introduction
• Definition:
• Reproduction is a biological process that results in the creation of young organisms that are genetically and
phenotypically identical to their parent organisms..
• Reproduction increases the population of a new species and contributes to its persistence over time. It is the prime
aspect of life.
• Basically, there are two kinds of reproduction:
• 1.Asexual Reproduction
• 2. Sexual Reproduction
•
1. Asexual Reproduction:
• Binary fission, budding, vegetative propagation, spore formation (sporogenesis), fragmentation, parthenogenesis,
and apomixis are a few examples of asexual modes of reproduction seen in both plants and animals.
• 2. sexual Reproduction:
• The two primary methods of sexual reproduction are conjugation and syngamy.
By Miss. Madhuri Y. Bhande

3. 1. Asexual Reproduction:
• A form of reproduction known as asexual reproduction in which does not involve the fusion of gametes or
germ cells.
• Asexual reproduction is a process used by bacteria, archaea, many plants, fungi. In asexual reproduction
Syngamy is absent. In this method Meiosis usually is not needed to complete the process.
• Both multicellular and unicellular species can reproduce asexually. With the exception of specific situations
where there is a possibility that a rare mutation will occur, it will inherit the same genes as the parent.
• What Asexual Reproduction Looks Like The following are significant characteristics of
asexual reproduction:
• involves one parent only.
• There is no fertilization or gamete development.
• It takes very little time for this reproduction procedure to take place.
• The creatures proliferate and replicate quickly.
• Genetically, the offspring are similar.
By Miss. Madhuri Y. Bhande

4. Binary Fission
• "To divide" is the definition of the word "fission". The parent cell divides into two cells during
binary fission. Diverse creatures have diverse cell division patterns; some are directed while
others are non-directional. Binary fission is demonstrated by euglena and amoeba.
• It is among the most straight forward and uncomplicated techniques for asexual reproduction.
The mother cell divides into two daughters, each of which has a nucleus that is genetically
identical to the mother. Two identically sized daughter cells are produced after cytoplasmic
division as well. The process is repeated, and the offspring cells develop and divide more.
By Miss. Madhuri Y. Bhande

5. Fragmentation
Another asexual reproductive strategy used by organisms like spirogyra and planaria is
fragmentation. Each fragment that separates from the parent body grows into a new creature.
By Miss. Madhuri Y. Bhande

6. • Budding
The process of developing an individual from the buds that form on the parent body is known as budding.
An organism called a hydra reproduces by budding. When the bud is fully formed, it separates from the
parent organism, which provides it with food and protection.
• . Vegetative Propagation:
• Plants can reproduce asexually by means of their vegetative components, such as their leaves, roots,
stems, and buds. We refer to this as vegetative propagation. For instance, all vegetative propagation
methods are used to generate onion bulbs, potato tubers, runners, and other plant parts.
By Miss. Madhuri Y. Bhande

7. spores formation:
• Spore creation is another type of asexual reproduction. The organism produces sporangium,
which are sac-like structures containing spores, when conditions are unfavorable. When the
circumstances are ideal, the sporangium breaks, releasing spores that germinate to produce
new organisms.
By Miss. Madhuri Y. Bhande

8. • Asexual reproduction benefits:
• The benefits of asexual reproduction are as follows:
• There is no need for mates.
• Rapid reproduction is the norm.
• In a very short amount of time, a huge number of creatures can be created.
• Adaptive genetic factors are passed down across generations.
• It happens in a variety of settings.
• Problems with Asexual Reproduction:
• The following are the main drawbacks of asexual reproduction:
• a lack of variety. Due to their genetic similarity to their parents, the kids are more prone to
developing the same illnesses and nutritional deficiencies as their parents. Every single harmful
mutation endures for centuries.
• The diversity of the organisms is restricted because there is only one involved.
• They are unable to change their surroundings.
• The extinction of the entire species would result from a single environmental shift.
By Miss. Madhuri Y. Bhande

9. •Thank you..
By Miss. Madhuri Y. Bhande