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Holly Fairbairn
Sam is bullied by George so to get revenge Sam’s 
older brother and his two friends lead George into 
the woods for a “boat ride”. Their initial plan was 
to just embarrass the bully but things go wrong 
when George starts to bring up the past about the 
others present. George ends up getting pushed out 
of the boat and drowns. The friends then bury the 
body. Eventually the guilt gets too much for them 
so they come clean to George’s parents and the 
police and go out to get the body. George’s video 
camera is discovered and reveals the whole 
situation.
A narrative is a story or plot line. 
 A story is a basic succession of events arranged in a 
chronological order. 
 A plot is a sequence in which the events are shown to the 
spectator. Often different to a story. 
A story must include a goal orientated protagonist that the 
audience will love and follow. There must also be a set 
reason for the characters action (character motivation). The 
whole story must have a continuous theme or idea which is 
shown throughout the whole tale and put at an end. There 
must be a resolution at the end to make the story seem 
finished as the situation is resolved. Everything must have a 
causality and reason for it happening.
Toderov’s theory states that there are stages of 
a films narrative. 
 Initial equilibrium – normal life 
 Disequilibrium – where normal life is 
disrupted 
 Taking Action – restoring the balance 
 Different equilibrium – a new normal life
All of Toderov’s stages of narrative are evident in the 
film Mean Creek. 
 Initial equilibrium is shown when the setting is a 
normal school with the idea of a weaker kid (Sam) 
being bullied by a stronger one (George). 
 Disequilibrium is shown through the “revenge” 
arranged by Sam’s older brother where it goes wrong 
and George ends up drowning. 
 Taking Action is shown where those involved decide 
to come clean to George’s parents and the police, 
taking them to the site where they left George’s body. 
 Different equilibrium isn’t so much as shown but 
suggested as those involved in the incident have to 
live with the guilt of what they have done.
Propp’s theory states that there are several common 
characters that have to present for a narrative and there are 
specific stages the characters have to go through. These 
characters are: 
 The Hero- Overcome barriers to reach resolution at the 
end of the story. 
 The Princess – The reward for the hero at the resolution. 
 The Villain –Tries to prevent the hero from restoring 
equilibrium. 
 The Donor – Give the hero information or an object to help 
him on his quest. 
 The Sidekick – The hero’s ally and companion. 
 The False Hero - perceived as good character in beginning 
but emerges as evil. 
 The dispatcher - character who makes the quest known 
and sends the hero off
There are only a few of Propp’s characters in the film and these are 
still only vague showings: 
 The Hero – Even though he is the one to plan the “revenge” Sam’s 
older brother is the one to dive in after George to try and save him 
and is also the one who decides to come clean. These are vague 
hero qualities as he is overcoming barriers to reach a new way of 
life.. 
 The Villain – Even though George could be classed as a villain the 
character of Marty is the main villain, even after the others wanted 
to call of the plan he still wanted to go along, he was also the only 
one that didn’t come clean as he ran away, this is a villains quality 
because he tries to convince the others to keep the secret – 
preventing the reach of new equilibrium. 
Other characters would not come under any of the titles designed by 
Propp.
Levi-Strauss’s theory stated that the way we 
understand certain words and ideas doesn’t 
depend on any meaning they directly contain, but 
by our understanding of the difference between 
the word and its 'opposite' or, as he called it 'binary 
opposite‘ 
He believed that binary oppositions are vital to 
the development of the story as the battle 
between the opposites is what drives the story 
forward.
The Binary Opposite present throughout the 
film is Right vs Wrong. This is shown in different 
situations such as: 
 The bullying situation between George and 
Sam. 
 The hiding of George’s body. 
 Coming out about the situation to the police. 
This is quite a conventional binary opposite in 
Thrillers as this is the main argument in most 
situations.
The theories of Toderov, Propp and Levi-Strauss 
are quite useful as they give you the basic ideas of 
what is successful for the narratives of films: the 
situations, characters and themes. These are the 
most important aspects of the film as they make 
the story. However they give you the idea that 
each stage and character MUST be present during 
every story otherwise it wouldn’t flow as it should 
do, which isn’t the case as some successful films 
don’t contain all the characters that “should” be 
present.
I think that Levi-Strauss’s theory of Binary 
Oppositions is the most useful because most if 
not all films of any genre (especially Thrillers) 
have an argument between two factors 
whether it be Right vs Wrong or Sanity vs 
Insanity. There are many Binary Opposites that 
can be present in a film and I believe without 
them the story wouldn’t be interesting and 
wouldn’t have a complete narrative.
I think that Propp’s theory is the least useful 
because not every film has an obvious Hero and 
Villain and some barely include the other 
characters that “should” be included. Also it 
gives false ideas about the situations that each 
character must go through as the main target 
for the hero could just be to survive instead of 
restoring the equilibrium. I think the theory is 
misleading and wouldn’t be much use in this 
type of genre.
The theories have given me certain ideas that I 
could possibly use for my Thriller opening 
sequence such as: 
 The Binary Opposition of Right vs Wrong 
 The idea of foreshadow of a disequilibrium 
 A hero and Villain 
I will however be challenging some of the some 
of the characters stated by Propp because I 
don’t want the female to seem like a prize but 
to be her own person.
 http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0377091/?ref_=n 
v_sr_1 
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_theor 
y_(media) 
 https://www.google.co.uk/imghp?hl=en&tab 
=wi&ei=MW42VPrED8- 
zhAegoYGgBA&ved=0CAQQqi4oAg

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AS Media - Narrative research task

  • 2. Sam is bullied by George so to get revenge Sam’s older brother and his two friends lead George into the woods for a “boat ride”. Their initial plan was to just embarrass the bully but things go wrong when George starts to bring up the past about the others present. George ends up getting pushed out of the boat and drowns. The friends then bury the body. Eventually the guilt gets too much for them so they come clean to George’s parents and the police and go out to get the body. George’s video camera is discovered and reveals the whole situation.
  • 3. A narrative is a story or plot line.  A story is a basic succession of events arranged in a chronological order.  A plot is a sequence in which the events are shown to the spectator. Often different to a story. A story must include a goal orientated protagonist that the audience will love and follow. There must also be a set reason for the characters action (character motivation). The whole story must have a continuous theme or idea which is shown throughout the whole tale and put at an end. There must be a resolution at the end to make the story seem finished as the situation is resolved. Everything must have a causality and reason for it happening.
  • 4. Toderov’s theory states that there are stages of a films narrative.  Initial equilibrium – normal life  Disequilibrium – where normal life is disrupted  Taking Action – restoring the balance  Different equilibrium – a new normal life
  • 5. All of Toderov’s stages of narrative are evident in the film Mean Creek.  Initial equilibrium is shown when the setting is a normal school with the idea of a weaker kid (Sam) being bullied by a stronger one (George).  Disequilibrium is shown through the “revenge” arranged by Sam’s older brother where it goes wrong and George ends up drowning.  Taking Action is shown where those involved decide to come clean to George’s parents and the police, taking them to the site where they left George’s body.  Different equilibrium isn’t so much as shown but suggested as those involved in the incident have to live with the guilt of what they have done.
  • 6. Propp’s theory states that there are several common characters that have to present for a narrative and there are specific stages the characters have to go through. These characters are:  The Hero- Overcome barriers to reach resolution at the end of the story.  The Princess – The reward for the hero at the resolution.  The Villain –Tries to prevent the hero from restoring equilibrium.  The Donor – Give the hero information or an object to help him on his quest.  The Sidekick – The hero’s ally and companion.  The False Hero - perceived as good character in beginning but emerges as evil.  The dispatcher - character who makes the quest known and sends the hero off
  • 7. There are only a few of Propp’s characters in the film and these are still only vague showings:  The Hero – Even though he is the one to plan the “revenge” Sam’s older brother is the one to dive in after George to try and save him and is also the one who decides to come clean. These are vague hero qualities as he is overcoming barriers to reach a new way of life..  The Villain – Even though George could be classed as a villain the character of Marty is the main villain, even after the others wanted to call of the plan he still wanted to go along, he was also the only one that didn’t come clean as he ran away, this is a villains quality because he tries to convince the others to keep the secret – preventing the reach of new equilibrium. Other characters would not come under any of the titles designed by Propp.
  • 8. Levi-Strauss’s theory stated that the way we understand certain words and ideas doesn’t depend on any meaning they directly contain, but by our understanding of the difference between the word and its 'opposite' or, as he called it 'binary opposite‘ He believed that binary oppositions are vital to the development of the story as the battle between the opposites is what drives the story forward.
  • 9. The Binary Opposite present throughout the film is Right vs Wrong. This is shown in different situations such as:  The bullying situation between George and Sam.  The hiding of George’s body.  Coming out about the situation to the police. This is quite a conventional binary opposite in Thrillers as this is the main argument in most situations.
  • 10. The theories of Toderov, Propp and Levi-Strauss are quite useful as they give you the basic ideas of what is successful for the narratives of films: the situations, characters and themes. These are the most important aspects of the film as they make the story. However they give you the idea that each stage and character MUST be present during every story otherwise it wouldn’t flow as it should do, which isn’t the case as some successful films don’t contain all the characters that “should” be present.
  • 11. I think that Levi-Strauss’s theory of Binary Oppositions is the most useful because most if not all films of any genre (especially Thrillers) have an argument between two factors whether it be Right vs Wrong or Sanity vs Insanity. There are many Binary Opposites that can be present in a film and I believe without them the story wouldn’t be interesting and wouldn’t have a complete narrative.
  • 12. I think that Propp’s theory is the least useful because not every film has an obvious Hero and Villain and some barely include the other characters that “should” be included. Also it gives false ideas about the situations that each character must go through as the main target for the hero could just be to survive instead of restoring the equilibrium. I think the theory is misleading and wouldn’t be much use in this type of genre.
  • 13. The theories have given me certain ideas that I could possibly use for my Thriller opening sequence such as:  The Binary Opposition of Right vs Wrong  The idea of foreshadow of a disequilibrium  A hero and Villain I will however be challenging some of the some of the characters stated by Propp because I don’t want the female to seem like a prize but to be her own person.
  • 14.  http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0377091/?ref_=n v_sr_1  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_theor y_(media)  https://www.google.co.uk/imghp?hl=en&tab =wi&ei=MW42VPrED8- zhAegoYGgBA&ved=0CAQQqi4oAg