4. LESS
ON
Silk is produced from the
cocoons of silkworms. Weavers
raise the caterpillars on a steady
diet of mulberry leaves
(sericulture). It is an industry
that is characterized by a two-
step process, the cultivation of
mulberry trees and the rearing
of silkworms on mulberry leaves
to produce cocoons.
5. THAILAN
D
● Thai silk making is considered to be one of the
finest arts in the world
● Khorat - center of the silk industry in Thailand
6. ● Silk weaving dates to as early
as the first century.
Types of Cambodian weaving:
1. Ikat technique – weavers tie
and dye portions of weft yarn
before weaving begins.
2. Uneven twill – yields single or
two-color fabric produced by
weaving three threads.
CAMBODI
A
7. Cambodian textiles employed natural dyes:
a. insect nests - red dye
b. indigo - blue dye
c. prohut bark- yellow and green dye
d. ebony bark - black dye
● Takeo, Battambang, Beanteay Meanchey, Siem Reap, Kampot provinces
– Cambodia’s modern silk-weaving centers
● Cambodian silk is used in sampot (wrap skirts), furnishings, and pidan
(pictoral tapestries)
● Cotton textiles are used in garments and for household purposes.
● Krama – traditional check scarves made of cotton.
CAMBODI
A
8. ● According to Lao tradition, stories of their
history were not passed on orally nor was it
written, they were woven. Lao stories were
weaved in the intricate dense patterns and
motifs of textiles.
● Sihn / Sinh – Lao women’s ankle long skirt
whose patterns are unique to each skirt.
● It is traditional that every woman in Laos
weaves all the sihns she would wear throughout
her lifetime.
● They uses folk icons to express personal views
(crab – resourcefulness, snake – fertility,
butterflies – beauty, birds – success).
LAOS
9. ● Silk is used in ao dai and ao baba
● Ha Dong - center of silk weaving and
sericulture
● old jacquard looms are still used
Some Popular Vietnamese Fabric:
1. Shantung taffeta
2. Bengaline weave
3. Ebony satin – all-natural lustrous silk hand-
woven and dyed using ebony fruit pods
● Vo Viet Chung – Vietnamese designer that
revitalized ebony satin
VIETNAM
10. Batik - an Indonesian-Malay word, believed to be
related to the Malay word “titik”, which means ‘point’,
‘dot’ or ‘drop’ (process of dyeing the fabric by making
use of a resist technique)
Two Categories of Batik Designs:
● geometric motifs
● free form designs
Modern batik designs depend on the creativity of their
designers.
Naturalistic motifs like leaves, flowers, and birds have
been utilized to create elaborate and intricate designs.
INDONESIA, MALAYSIA,
SINGAPORE
11. In Malaysia, the states of Kelantan and Terengganu are
considered the cradle where batik first flourished.
Two Main Types of Malaysian Batik:
a. Handpainted- the artist uses the canting (small copper
container)
b. Blockprinted- metal block (cap) is dipped into molten
wax and pressed against the fabric.
INDONESIA, MALAYSIA,
SINGAPORE
14. ● Malaysian batiks incorporate leaves and flowers, similar to Indonesian batiks, to
avoid the interpretation of human and animal images as idolatry in accordance with
Islamic doctrine.
● Malaysian batik is famous for is geometrical designs or spirals.
● Malaysian batik patterns are larger and simpler than Indonesian batik.
● More brush painting is applied on Malaysian batik to be able to put lighter and more
vibrant colors.
● Javanese batiks are deep-colored.
● In Singapore, batik has been recorded since the 12th century but has receded in
popularity through the years.
● Nowadays, batik is featured in as the uniform of flight attendants for the official flag
carrier airlines of Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia.
INDONESIA, MALAYSIA,
SINGAPORE
16. ● Brunei's batik designs have their national flower
simpur, sumboi-sumboi (pitcher plant), and
Brunei's traditional design of air muleh.
Brunei's batik can be done in four different ways:
● hand-drawn
● using metal blocks,
● screen printing,
● digital printing.
BRUNEI
18. Direction: Identify the following statement.
1. It is an industry that is characterized by a two-step process, the
cultivation of mulberry trees and the rearing of silkworms on
mulberry leaves to produce cocoons.
2. Center of silk weaving and sericulture.
3. Center of the silk industry in Thailand.
4. Lao women’s ankle long skirt whose patterns are unique to each
skirt.
5. An Indonesian-Malay word, believed to be related to the Malay
word “titik”.
ASSESSME
NT
19. Direction: TRUE OR FALSE
1. Brunei's batik designs have their traditional design of sumboi-sumboi.
2. More brush painting is applied on Malaysian batik to be able to put lighter
and more vibrant colors while Javanese batiks are deep-colored.
3. Batik is featured in as the uniform of weavers for the official flag carrier
airlines of Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia.
4. It is traditional that every woman in Thailand weaves all the sihns she
would wear throughout her lifetime.
5. Thai silk making is considered to be one of the finest arts in the world.
ASSESSME
NT
23. Khom Loi (Flying Lanterns / Sky
Lanterns Festival / Wish Lanterns)
- made out of rice paper with a bamboo
frame which contain a fuel cell or small
candle, used for festivals.
Loy Krathong Festival
This festival is held on the night of the 12th
full moon, usually in November, with Chang
Mai believed to have the brightest and most
spectacular celebrations.
THAILAND
24. • Indigenous people represent 1.4 percent of the total population in
Cambodia. They live in remote rural areas. They are referred to as
highlanders. Handicrafts are part of their traditional culture and their
livelihood as they produced textiles, baskets, jars, pottery, and other
tools for their daily use.
• Highlanders from Laos make paper by hand for over 700 years using
the bark of sa (mulberry tree)
• SA PAPER was used for calligraphy and for temple decorations,
umbrellas, fans and kites.
• In Luang Prabang, Northern Laos, it is now used to create lampshades,
writing paper, greeting cards and bookmarks.
CAMBODIA AND
LAOS
26. • Vietnamese silk painting is one of the most popular
forms of art favored for the mystical atmosphere that can
be achieved with the medium.
• During the 19th and 20th centuries, French influence
was absorbed – liberal and modern use of color
• Vietnamese silk paintings typically showcase the
countryside, landscapes, pagodas, historical events,
or scenes of daily life
VIETNA
M
28. ● Shadow Puppetry is an ancient form of
storytelling and entertainment which uses flat
articulated figures (shadow puppets)
● Wayang Kulit is a type of puppet shadow play
performed around the Indo-Malayan
archipelago tracing its origins to India.
● It is derived from a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist
tradition, where hand-crafted leather puppets
depict epic stories of the gods in shadow play.
● A traditional gamelan accompany the story-
telling
INDONESI
A
29. ● Wayang, in modern Indonesian language means "show" or "perform". It is
also attributed to Indonesian word “bayang” which means shadow.
● Kulit means "skin", a reference to the leather material that the figures are
carved out of
● The puppets come in all sizes, ranging from 25 cm to 75 cm. Puppets are usually
made out of buffalo and goat hide and mounted on bamboo sticks. They are
moved behind a cotton or linen screen by a dalang.
● Dalang – puppet master in shadow puppet plays; tells the story, interprets and
voices each character, produce sound effects with speech and movement and
manipulates all the figures between the lamp and the screen to bring the
shadows to life. Most shadow play is based on two epic stories from India, tha
Mahabharata and Ramayana.
INDONESI
A
30. ● Wau Kite is a uniquely designed Malaysian kite. Its
wings are similar to an Arabic letter (pronounced “wow”).
● Wau Bulan is an intricately designed Malaysian moon-
kite (normally with floral motifs) that is traditionally flown
by men in the Malaysian state of Kelantan. It is one of
Malaysia's national symbols.
● Farmers used kites as scarecrows in the fields and as a
means to lull their children to sleep
● Malaysia has been celebrating kite festivals annually
(Pasir Gudang International Kite Festival)
MALAYSI
A
31. ● In Brunei Darussalam, men’s
headgears are categorized into three:
a) dastar - a piece of cloth tied around
the head;
b) songkok or kopiah – a type of cap
made from velvet
c) tangkolok or serban - resembles a
turban, typical headdress in the Middle
East
BRUN
EI
32. ● Songkok or peci or kopiah is a cap widely worn in Indonesia,
Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, the southern Philippines and southern
Thailand, mostly among Muslim males in formal gatherings such as
wedding feasts, funerals, or festive occasions.
● Songkok was associated with Islam in Malaysia
● Peci in Indonesia is associated with the nationalist secular movement
● Wearing of songkok became a tradition and synonymous with being a
Malay
● Songkok replaced the dastar as part the Malay’s national dress on
most formal occasions
BRUN
EI
34. ● For many thousands of
years, the art of stone
carving has flourished in
Cambodia
● Breathtaking carvings
found at ANGKOR WAT
has become one of the
country’s most cherished
art forms.
● ANGKOR WAT - a temple
complex in Cambodia and
the largest religious
monument in the world
CAMBODI
A
35. Thailand is world-famous for its sculpture that dates back 4000
years
Most commonly used materials are wood, stone, ivory, clay,
and various metals
Most notable sculptures are the Thai bronzes famous for their
originality and grace
Wat Pho, the oldest and largest Buddhist temple in Bangkok,
houses the largest collection of Buddha images in Thailand, also
known as the TEMPLE OF THE RECLINING BUDDHA
RECLINING BUDDHA - 46 meters long, 15 meters high; covered
in gold plating; decorated with mother-of-pearl inlay in his eyes
and the soles of his feet; bottom of the Buddha’s feet are
intricately decorated with 108 auspicious scenes in Chinese and
Indian styles
THAILAN
D
37. Lao artisans used a variety
of media in their
sculptural creations.
Precious metals (bronze,
silver, gold) are used for
smaller objects.
Two Buddha Images:
- Phra Sai / Phra Say
(Buddha of Inspiration) – cast
from gold in the posture of
"Subduing Mara"
- Phra Bang (Royal Buddha
Image in the Dispelling Fear
Mudra) – palladium of Laos
LAOS
38. Vietnamese sculpture was influenced by Taoism, Confucianism,
and Buddhism
The prehistory started from the Nui Do culture (300,000 year
ago) to the Dong Son culture (2,500 years ago)
In the DONG SON CULTURE, cultural activities are not divided
clearly, there are no prehistoric sculptures, only expressions or
manifestations
Among the famous sculptures is the 10,000-year- old carvings
on the Dong Noi Cave
Dong Son culture is famous for its kettledrums, small carvings
and home utensils
Sculpture of Grave Houses in the Central Highlands: couples
embracing, pregnant women, and people in mourning,
elephants, and birds
VIETNAM
40. Indonesia is known for its stone,
bronze, and iron-aged arts.
Sculptures can be found in numerous
archaeological sites in Sumatra, Java
to Sulawesi
Native Indonesian tribes usually create
sculptures that depict ancestors,
deities and animals
The most amazing sculptures are :
a. Asmat wooden sculpture of Papua
b. Dayak wooden mask and sculpture
c. The ancestral wooden statue of Toraja
d. The totem-like sculpture of Batak and
Nias tribes
INDONES
IA
41. From the classical Hindu-
Buddhist era of Indonesia, the
most prominent sculptures are
the hundreds of meters of relief
and hundreds of stone Buddhas
at the temple of Borobudur in
central Java
Richest, most elaborate and vivid
wooden sculpture and wood
carving traditions can be found
in Bali and Jepara, Central
Java
Jepara wood carvings -
pelaminangebyok (wedding
throne with carved background)
INDONES
IA
42. Most of Malaysia’s sculptures are relief - partially
carved into or out of another surface, rely on a base
or a plane to support them; a combination of both
three-dimensional and two-dimensional art forms
Relief wood carvings frequently adorn the doors,
walls and windows of traditional Malay houses;
popular motifs are the various kinds of Malaysian
flowers and plants
There are three main types of relief scuptures
1. Alto form- almost completely carved from its
surface, highly shaped, with very little of the
structure touching the base or plane.
2. Bas form- relief that barely extends past the base
3. Sunken relief sculture- an image that is carved
into the surface rather than out of it.
MALAYSI
A
43. The best Malay woodcarvings is
from Terengganu and Kelantan
a. ukiran halus (fine carving) -
carving of relief patterns, hilts of keris
(short Malay dagger), bed heads, and
cupboard tops
b. ukiran kasar (rough carving) -
carvings on larger objects like
furniture, pillars, windows, room
portions, and eaves of roofs
Cengal - preferred wood for building
houses and boats
Balau or Perah - used for rafters or
floorboards of a house or for the
prow of a boat
MALAYSI
A
44. The Sri Mariammam Hindu temple was constructed and dedicated to
the goddess Mariamman, who is worshipped for her power to cure
disease
Its most interesting feature is its impressive gopuram (tower) over the
main entrance, which is decorated with numerous Hindu deities.
Merlion was conceived because the Singapore Tourism Board felt the
country lacked a distinct image representing the nation and its history.
An icon which could tap into the particular myths and folklore of the
area, many of which feature sea-beasts and magical-fish creatures.
Partly inspired by “The Singapura Story”. It is a mythical creature
with the head of a lion and the body of a fish, used as a mascot and
national personification of Singapore.
Merlion = sea lion
The Sentosa Merlion is the biggest replica, standing at 37 meters and
made from glass-reinforced concrete, designed and sculpted by James
Martin, an Australian artist.
SINGAPO
RE
46. Sculpture in Brunei takes on a more utilitarian role than an aesthetic
one.
Excellent craftsmen used bronze and silver to create adornments and
functional items such as bowls, tools, and the like
Sculpting is not yet widely practiced in Brunei Darussalam
Examples of their creations can be seen at the ASEAN Squares. The
square has on display the work of a sculptor from each of the original
six ASEAN member countries: Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia,
Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines. The sculptures,
which have as their theme "Harmony in Diversity”, symbolize ASEAN
solidarity and the aspirations of its member countries, which is love,
peace, freedom and mutual respect.
BRUNEI
53. ● Pre-historic includes all human existence before
the emergence of writing.
● Their art is of interest not only to the art
historians but also to archeologist and
anthropologist, for whom the art is only one clue-
along with fossils, pollens and other finds to an
understanding of early human life and culture.
PRE-HISTORIC
ERA
54. ● Their paintings were found inside the caves which
may have been their way of communicating with each
other. It may also be for religious or ceremonial
purposes.
● These paintings may be more an artifact of the
archeological evidence than a true picture of humans’
first created art.
● Prehistoric drawings of animals were usually correct in
proportion.
PAINTINGS FROM THE PRE-
HISTORIC ERA
55. CAVE OF
LASCAUX, 1
5000-10000 B.C.- Stone Age Image From
Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP Library.
The dominant features in the
painting were large animals
native in the region. It was
discovered on 12 September
1940 and given statutory historic
monument protection. The
painting has nearly 2,000 figures
composed mainly of animals,
human figures and abstract
design. Some sections have been
identified inside the cave such as:
The Great Hall of the Bulls, The
Lateral Passage, The Shaft of the
Dead man, The Chamber of
Engravings, The Painted Gallery,
and the Chamber of Felines
56. ● The purpose of Egyptian paintings is to make the deceased
afterlife place pleasant. With this in mind, themes include journey
to the underworld introducing the deceased to the gods of the
underworld by their protective deities.
● It emphasizes the importance of life after death and the
preservation of the knowledge of the past.
● Most paintings were highly stylize, symbolic, and shows profile view
of an animal or a person. The main colors used were red, black, blue
, gold and green taken derived from mineral pigments that can
withstand strong sunlight without fading.
PAINTINGS FROM ANCIENT
EGYPT
57. PAINTINGS FROM
SARCOPHAGUS OF
TUTANKHAMEN XVIII
1362 A.D.-1253 BC (Images from Treasures of the
World, 1961 CCP Library)
The paintings of the walls on the
tomb shows events of the life of
the
king while he was still on earth
and the scenes he expects to
encounter in
the underworld after his death.
58. ● Paintings during the classical era were most commonly
found in vases, panels and tomb. It depicts natural
figures with dynamic compositions.
● Most of the subjects were battle scenes, mythological
figures, and everyday scenes.
● It reveals a grasp of linear perspective and naturalist
representation.
PAINTINGS FROM CLASSICAL
GREEK ERA
59. 1. Fresco- method of painting water-based pigments on a
freshly applied plaster usually on a wall surfaces. Colors
are made with grind powder pigments in pure water, dry
and set with a plaster to become a permanent part of the
wall. Ideal for murals, durable and has a matte style.
2. Encaustic– developed to use by Greek ship builders,
who used the hot wax to fill the cracks of the ship. Soon
pigments (colors) was added and used to paint a wax hull.
Most common methods of Greek
painting
60. Kerch Style also referred to as Kerch Vases are red-figured pottery named
after the place where it was found.
Shapes commonly found are:
1. pelike (wine container)
2. lekanis (a low bowl with two horizontal handles and a low broad foot)
3. lebes gamikos (with high handles and lid use to carry bridal bath)
4. krater (bowl use for mixing wine and water)
Most common motifs were mostly scenes from the life of women (often
exaggeratedly idyllic), mythological beings that were popular among the
people of the black sea, or a scene form mythical story or event. It used a
technique called polycromy, combination of different colors specially the
brilliant one in an artistic manner.
VASE
PAINTING Judgement of Paris
(370-330 B.C.)
(Images from Treasures of the World,
1961 CCP Library).
61. There are paintings on
flat panels of wood. It can
be either a small, single
piece or several panels
joined together. Most of
the panel paintings no
longer exist because of
its organic composition.
PANEL
PAINTING
Pitsa Panel (Archaic Period
between 540 and 530 B.C.E.)
(Image from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP Library)
62. Tomb or wall painting was very popular during the
classical period. It uses the method frescos either
tempera (water-base) or encaustic (wax). It has a
sharp, flatly outlined style of painting and because
it uses water-based materials, very few samples
survived.
The image was painted using a true fresco
technique with a limestone mortar. It depicts a
symposium scene on the wall.
In tomb paintings, artists rely on the shade and
hues of paint to create depth and life-like feeling.
TOMB/WALL
PAINTING
Tomb of the Diver,
Paestrum 480 BCE
(Image from Treasures of the World,
1961 CCP Library)
63. ● Most of the paintings in this era were copied or imitated
from Hellenic Greek paintings. Fresco technique was used
in brightly colored backgrounds; division of the wall into a
multiple rectangular areas (tic-tac-toe design); multipoint
perspective; and a tropme-l’-oeil effect.
● Roman paintings have a wide variety of subjects, animals,
everyday life, still life, mythological subjects, portraits and
landscapes.
● The development of landscape painting is the main
innovation of Roman painting from Greek painting.
PAINTINGS FROM THE ROMANTIC
ERA
64. It is an art process where an image is created using an assemblage of
small pieces of colored glass, stones, or other materials. This
technique use for decorative art or interior decorations.
MOSAI
C
Head of Alexander
Image from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP Library
The full image is a Roman floor mosaic
in the House of Fun Pompei, dated100
B.C. The whole mosaic depicts the
battle between the armies of Alexander
the Great and Darius III of Persia.
65. This fresco painting was believed to depict ceremonial rites, either
marriage or an initiation of a woman in a mystery cult.
MOSAI
C
Fresco from the Villa of
Mysteries, Pompeii 80 BC
Boscotrecase, Pompeii
66. Byzantine Painting
The lively styles of paintings which had been invented in Greek and
Rome lived on in Byzantium but this time for Christian subjects. By the
11th century, the Greek and Oriental styles seem to blend together in
magnificent, imposing images, which adorned the churches in large and
small forms.
Paintingsfrom the Medieval
Era
The court of Empress Theodora, mosaic
6th century AD San Vitale, Ravena
Theodora was an Asian Queen with dark
eyes and hair with fierce expression;
(Images from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP Library)
67. ● These are largely placed mosaics on the walls of the
churches that follows a strict frontal pose.
● It has a remarkable variety of artistic traditions such as
modeling and treatment of faces and draperies that follow
Byzantine convention while the refreshingly decorative
feeling comes from southern French styles. It also shows
traces of Mozarabic influence (Arabize influence) through
elongated oval faces, large staring eyes and long noses,
figures against flat colored bands and heavy outlining.
ROMANESQUE
PAINTING
68. Christ wears a greyish, white robe with a
blue mantle. Underneath the Mandorla
(Italian word for Almond, in painting, it is
used to described an enclosure
surrounding holy figures) is a black band
with white writing. Each side of the center
window are three arches resting on
columns of capitals in green, red and black
in between of figures of Virgin Mary and
five saints are columns with wavy line
patterns going vertically.
This mural painting has been moved to
Barcelona and replaced by a replica.
ROMANESQUE
PAINTING Christ in Majesty, painting from the Church
of Saint Clemente, Tahull, Lerida Spain, c.
1123 Musue Nacional d’Art de Catalunya,
Barcelona
Image from Treasures of the World, 1961 CCP Library
69. ● Paintings have been confined in the illumination of manuscript pages and
the painting of frescoes on the walls of churches in cosmopolitan style,
elegant, mannered and sophisticated.
PAINTINGS FROM THE
GOTHIC ERA
Subjects usually depicts popular legends
and love stories, patterns like “mille fleur”
or thousand flowers show influence which
may have been due to the Crusades.
Stained glass windows were created to
transform the vast stone interiors with
warm and glowing color and at the
same time to instruct Christians in their
faith.
The paintings show some
realistic details and
shows naïve naturalism
