Article
The Effects of Color on the Moods
of College Students
Sevinc Kurt1 and Kelechi Kingsley Osueke2
Abstract
This research aims to discover the psychological effects of colors on individuals, using the students’ union complex in a
university campus. This building was chosen due to its richness in color variances. The research method is survey, and
questionnaires were drawn up and distributed to an even range of students, comprising both international and local
students; undergraduate and graduate. Questionnaires have been collected and analyzed to find out the effects different
colors had on students’ moods in different spaces of the students’ union complex. This research would contribute to
understand more about colors and how they affect our feelings and therefore to make better decisions and increase the
use of spaces when choosing colors for different spaces to suit the purpose for which they are designed.
Keywords
color, mood, architectural space
Introduction
We live in a world of color (Huchendorf, 2007, p. 1).
According to the various researches, the color that
surrounds us in our daily lives has a profound effect on our
mood and on our behavior (e.g., Babin, Hardesty, & Suter,
2003; Kwallek, Lewis, & Robbins, 1988; Kwallek,
Woodson, Lewis, & Sales, 1997; Rosenstein, 1985). In
clothing, interiors, landscape, and even natural light, a color
can change our mood from sad to happy, from confusion to
intelligence, from fear to confidence. It can actually be used
to “level out” emotions or to create different moods (Aves
& Aves, 1994, p. 120). The design of an environment
through a variety of means such as temperature, sounds,
layout, lighting, and colors can stimulate perceptual and
emotional responses in consumers and affect their behavior
(Kotler, 1973 in Yildirim, Akalinbaskaya, & Hidayetoglu,
2007, p. 3233). Therefore, it may follow that if we could
measure it, we may get a clue as to how our mood varies
when in any enclosed space. The ambiance of the interior
space affects the users’ behaviors and perception of that
place by influencing their emotional situation. In this
context, it is believed that the various physical components
including light and color have a great importance on the
environmental characteristics of space, especially in public
use like students’ union centers.
Hence, using the appropriate color in design is important
in such buildings. It is also significant to draw cognitive
map and way finding in interiors. Environmental
interventions that promote way finding can be implemented
on two levels: the design of the floor plan typology and
environmental cues, which comprise signage, furnishings,
lighting, colors, and so on. Vivid color coding may enhance
short-term memory and improve functional ability (Cernin,
Keller, & Stoner, 2003). So the use of color is one of the
crucial elements in designing the appropriate circulation of
public interiors. Furtherm.
Independent Study: The Psychology of Color in an Interior SpaceBrittani Anderson
This document provides an overview of color theory and its psychological and physiological effects. It begins with definitions of color and discusses how light and the optical system affect color perception. It then explores the neuropsychological and environmental influences of color and how they can elicit emotional reactions. The document presents the results of a color association survey and provides details on color fundamentals, systems, vocabulary and harmonies. It profiles several influential color theorists and provides case studies of architectural projects that strategically incorporated color, including Fallingwater and Phoenix Children's Hospital.
This document discusses various elements of color including hue, value, pattern, and texture. It defines these terms and provides examples to illustrate key concepts. Hue refers to the pure spectrum colors, while value is the lightness or darkness of a color. Pattern is an underlying structure that organizes surfaces in a consistent manner, seen in both nature and design. Texture can be both a literal surface felt through touch and a surface suggested through vision by invoking the sense of touch.
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A research project done by 5 students at Prince Sultan University for psychology course (PSY101).
“Buildings have a direct effect on our emotions. They can be depressing or uplifting, soothing or surprising, welcoming or forgiving.” -Eberhard
This document provides an overview of color theory and properties. It discusses the history of color study, color wheels, primary/secondary/tertiary colors, color harmonies, achromatic colors, color temperature, and the psychology of color. The document is intended as part of a course on color study and includes sections on color introduction, properties, harmony, achromatic colors, temperature, psychology, and references.
Psychology of color in marketing and brandingShagufta Rahman
Color is perceived differently depending on its wavelength and how it is absorbed or reflected by objects. Different colors elicit different emotional responses, with red, orange, and yellow generally inducing more intense feelings and blue, purple, and green inducing calmer feelings. Color preference is influenced by factors like temperature, gender, and culture. Studies show colors can affect mood, though results are inconsistent on exactly which colors induce which moods. Lighting can impact the perception of color and depth. Color psychology relies on principles like innate and learned color meanings automatically influencing behavior and evaluation. It is an important marketing tool used to communicate brand personality.
Independent Study: The Psychology of Color in an Interior SpaceBrittani Anderson
This document provides an overview of color theory and its psychological and physiological effects. It begins with definitions of color and discusses how light and the optical system affect color perception. It then explores the neuropsychological and environmental influences of color and how they can elicit emotional reactions. The document presents the results of a color association survey and provides details on color fundamentals, systems, vocabulary and harmonies. It profiles several influential color theorists and provides case studies of architectural projects that strategically incorporated color, including Fallingwater and Phoenix Children's Hospital.
This document discusses various elements of color including hue, value, pattern, and texture. It defines these terms and provides examples to illustrate key concepts. Hue refers to the pure spectrum colors, while value is the lightness or darkness of a color. Pattern is an underlying structure that organizes surfaces in a consistent manner, seen in both nature and design. Texture can be both a literal surface felt through touch and a surface suggested through vision by invoking the sense of touch.
Worst practices in statistical data anaylsisjemille6
Richard Gill: Given at the "Best Practices in Statistical Richard Gill, Scientific integrity
"Worst Practices in Statistical Data Analysis", talk at Willem Heiser farewell symposium 30 January 2014 (includes material on Smeesters affair, and on Geraerts "Memory paper" affair)
The document discusses the impact of color in architecture and how it affects users psychologically and influences their interaction with spaces. It explores how color can be used to simulate architectural features or convey different feelings and effects. Examples are given of how color is used in children's projects, hospitals, and urban planning to stimulate development, aid rehabilitation, and revitalize spaces. The document emphasizes that color is an important architectural element both aesthetically and psycho-sensorially, and should be used wisely in projects.
A research project done by 5 students at Prince Sultan University for psychology course (PSY101).
“Buildings have a direct effect on our emotions. They can be depressing or uplifting, soothing or surprising, welcoming or forgiving.” -Eberhard
This document provides an overview of color theory and properties. It discusses the history of color study, color wheels, primary/secondary/tertiary colors, color harmonies, achromatic colors, color temperature, and the psychology of color. The document is intended as part of a course on color study and includes sections on color introduction, properties, harmony, achromatic colors, temperature, psychology, and references.
Psychology of color in marketing and brandingShagufta Rahman
Color is perceived differently depending on its wavelength and how it is absorbed or reflected by objects. Different colors elicit different emotional responses, with red, orange, and yellow generally inducing more intense feelings and blue, purple, and green inducing calmer feelings. Color preference is influenced by factors like temperature, gender, and culture. Studies show colors can affect mood, though results are inconsistent on exactly which colors induce which moods. Lighting can impact the perception of color and depth. Color psychology relies on principles like innate and learned color meanings automatically influencing behavior and evaluation. It is an important marketing tool used to communicate brand personality.
This document discusses color psychology and how color impacts human behavior and perception. It covers topics like how different colors are perceived and make us feel (e.g. red stimulates physiological responses while blue calms the mind), the psychological properties of primary/basic colors, how cultural and contextual factors influence color preference, and how color is used in marketing to influence consumers. Color psychology is the study of how color impacts human behavior and is an important consideration in fields like interior design, art, and marketing.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Importance of color in creation to the designShwetaMalik22
Color plays an important role in design by conveying ideas and emotions. Warm colors like red, orange, and yellow represent excitement and creativity, while cool colors like blue and green symbolize peace and calmness. Understanding color theory, including the color wheel and color schemes, allows designers to use color effectively in their work. Different color combinations like monochromatic, analogous, complementary, and split-complementary schemes can be employed to create beautiful and meaningful designs.
This document outlines Julia Vallera's thesis concept exploring how people perceive color through their five senses. Her goal is to create interactive digital and physical installations where users learn about color perception. She plans to test prototypes like color tracking, relating musical notes to colors, and relating drink flavors to colors. The results will be compiled and displayed to compare individual and group perceptions of color. The installations will be housed in a mobile gallery to reach different audiences.
This document outlines Julia Vallera's thesis research proposal focusing on how people perceive color using their five senses. Over the next 8 months, she will create interactive digital and physical installations to test how participants relate colors to sound, touch, taste, and sight. The installations will collect data on user experiences to analyze patterns in color perception. Vallera believes recognizing these patterns can change how people perceive and interact with the world. She provides examples of prototype installations and discusses influences from her past work and academic sources to guide her research.
A peer-reviewed article with a more holistic approach towards eco-system effects of an integrated physical, digital and social learn/work environment, you can literally transform an organisation, its business and people.
September 2020, Paradigm Explorer (No 133 2020/2) - Journal of the Scientific and Medical Network.
The German writer Johan Wolfgang von Goethe called Architecture ‘frozen music’, I prefer to call it ‘Symphony of Form’, a symbiosis between architecture and its occupants to create (more) added value.
Architecture is a Symphony of Form - Environmental Energy BalancingRené P.M. Stevens
A peer-reviewed article with a more holistic approach towards eco-system effects of an integrated physical, digital and social learn/work environment, you can literally transform an organisation, its business and people.
September 2020, Paradigm Explorer (No 133 2020/2) - Journal of the Scientific and Medical Network.
The German writer Johan Wolfgang von Goethe called Architecture ‘frozen music’, I prefer to call it ‘Symphony of Form’, a symbiosis between architecture and its occupants to create (more) added value.
The Effect of Color on Urban Beautification and Peace of Citizensinventionjournals
Color has the most important role in the behavior pattern of urban human and is a social powerful element that in addition to the mission and task of conveying messages has the task of visual appeal of the city. Despite the importance of color elements, primarily, this issue and its spatial impact on city residents have less been taken into consideration, and in some cases, they have totally been ignored.Thus, the aim of the present paper is to study the effect of color on city beautification and peace of citizens, which is conducted based on documents and library studies. The results showed that the correct application of colors in the cities beautifies the city and softens the mood and brings about the calmness of the citizens. Thus, with the proper use of local materials and combining them with the new conditions of construction and utilizing the experience of efficient experts, one can revive and expand the architecture consistent with the culture and climate of the region.
This document discusses color theory and how color and lighting affect interior design. It defines color as the visual perceptual property arising from the spectrum of light reflected or emitted by an object. The document outlines color schemes including monochromatic, complementary, analogous, and split complementary. It discusses how hue, value, and saturation impact color perception and how tints, tones and shades are created. The document also addresses how lighting impacts color appearance and can be used to manipulate mood. Color and lighting are presented as important artistic elements that designers consider for their psychological and physical effects.
The document discusses several elements of art including texture, color, tone, shape, size, and line. Texture refers to the surface quality of a work of art. Color pertains to hue, primary colors, secondary colors, and tertiary colors. Tone or value refers to the use of light and dark in a work of art.
This document discusses emotions and their role in intercultural communication. It argues that the ability to regulate emotions is key to effective intercultural communication and adjustment. It describes how culture influences verbal language, nonverbal behavior, and the communication process. Intercultural communication is defined as involving interactants from different cultures and inherent uncertainty and ambiguity. Conflict and misunderstandings are inevitable in intercultural encounters due to cultural differences in communication norms and decoding of behaviors. The ability to regulate emotions allows for successful resolution of conflicts arising in intercultural interactions and leads to more effective long-term intercultural communication.
Physics lab report sample from assignmentsupport.com essay writing services https://writeessayuk.com/
This study investigated how colour and luminance interact in human visual perception of depth. Participants viewed stimuli consisting of combinations of chromatic and luminance gratings and adjusted the apparent depth. The results showed that chromatic gratings produced significantly greater perceived depth than achromatic gratings. Perceived depth was also greater for gratings that were out of phase compared to in phase, though the difference was not statistically significant. Perceived depth decreased with increasing spatial frequency and was not significantly different for drifting vs static images. The findings provide insights into how colour contributes to the human visual system's perception of depth and shape from shading.
This document discusses how different spaces can evoke different emotions in people. It explores research from fields like psychology, architecture, and environmental behavior studies that have sought to define and explain the emotional impacts of space. While studies show spaces influence emotions, it is still difficult to precisely determine how architecture induces specific feelings. The document aims to establish a methodology to better understand the connection between space and human emotions, in order to inform future architectural design. The goal is to create more pleasant environments for people.
Connections: The Learning Sciences Platform integrates a humane approach in the educational processes through creative initiatives using an interdisciplinary and international perspective.
Connections work is focus on:
- Educational Support “in situ”
- Professional Development
- Educational Research
- Promotion of free resources to improve the learning sciences
Visit our social networks
- Website: http://thelearningsciences.com
- Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/connectionstlsp/
- Instagram: ConexionesPCA2017
- Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/Lascienciasdelaprendizaje
- YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyUDsQmjsiJl8T2w5-EF78g
- Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company-beta/16212567/
Contact us:
E-mail: info@thelearningsciences.com
Mobile: +593 995 615 247
The document describes a workshop conducted with interior design students to teach them about color selection methods. The workshop consisted of three parts: 1) Students initially colored a blank space to assess their pre-workshop color knowledge levels. 2) An presentation was given covering color theory and different color selection methods. 3) Students then recolored the same blank space using what they learned to allow comparison between their initial and final color selections. The goal was to measure how much the workshop improved the students' understanding and use of color methods in interior design.
Elements of the Painting and materials pptxCyrusMedina1
The document provides information about various elements and techniques of painting. It discusses key elements like line, color, texture, perspective, and shapes. It also covers painting mediums like oil, pastel, acrylic, and watercolor. Different painting styles are classified including Western styles like abstraction, expressionism, and baroque as well as modern styles like realism, symbolism, fauvism, and cubism. Color theory concepts like complementary colors, analogous colors, and warm/cool colors are explained. The role of color and symbolism of primary colors red, blue, and yellow are also summarized.
1) The document provides an overview of the COMS 110 course on intercultural communication, outlining the course goals, structure, assignments, and approach.
2) It discusses key concepts in intercultural communication theory including cultural dimensions, cultural characteristics, and challenges in intercultural interactions.
3) The document also examines the history and approaches to research in intercultural communication including social scientific, interpretive, and critical approaches.
Emotions and mood an environmental psychology perspectiveJenna Condie
This document provides an overview of a lecture on emotions and mood from an environmental psychology perspective. It begins by problematizing mainstream concepts of emotion and mood, discussing theories such as basic emotions theory and differential emotions theory. It explores the relationship between personality, affect, and environments, noting how environments can regulate mood. Specifically, it discusses how natural environments have restorative effects while cities and noise can cause stress. It also covers place attachment and identity, and how emotional bonds form toward places. The document aims to think critically about emotions and mood using an environmental psychology lens.
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Color Theory
Abstract
Color is everywhere, everyday. It can be interesting and helpful to research the ways that color can affect a person s everyday lives, not just for artists and photographers. Different colors can convey feelings and affect a person s mood and behavior in many ways. The basic research question for this paper is: In what ways do colors affect one s mood and how can they be used to people s advantage? These answers can be found by reviewing journals, books, and articles that feature expert views on the subject and also many studies that have been conducted. It is concluded through this research that colors play a big role in everybody s life, affecting mood through interior design, clothing, and marketing.
Introduction
People...show more content...Purple, the last of the well known rainbow shades, has mixed properties of its energizing red and soothing blue. Bright purples take on the fun side of red, while cooler and deeper purples are seen as the color of royalty. The meanings behind each color stems from their undertones, and also a lot to do with how the colors are seen in nature.
Colors used in Marketing With so much meaning behind colors, there are ways that people can use colors to get a message or feeling across. This technique is seen a lot in the marketing world. Marketers will use color theory and placement to attract customers and make shoppers think or act a certain way. The colors that are used in stores are planned by the marketing team of the company to attract a particular demographic and make them want to shop and purchase their products. In the retail environment, color plays a big role in the atmosphere. The store environment plays a big role
Architecture, an important part of our environment, disturbs our experiences, feelings, memories, and ultimately the decisions we make. To explore the connection between architecture and the human Senses was the intention aimed at my paper. Whether positive or negative, everything created or done by man has an effect on his environment. Some people are more aware of their architectural environment some are less but at the end we all live with it and have at least an unconscious impression of it. We understand buildings through our senses. Although the five basic senses are often studied as individual systems covering visual, auditory, taste–smell, orientation and the haptic sensations, there is interplay between the senses.
As a human resources manager, you need to advise top leadership (CEO.docxrossskuddershamus
As a human resources manager, you need to advise top leadership (CEO, Vice Presidents, and Senior Managers) information on the importance of leadership style in creating a culture that embraces diversity. Create a PowerPoint presentation to compare and contrast how the different styles of CEO leadership can affect team building, so that cultural diversity can be used to a competitive advantage in the workplace. Provide ideas for how to effectively build a team that supports and embraces cultural diversity, and recommend the leadership styles that encourages the creation of a culture of diversity.
Incorporate appropriate animations, transitions, and graphics as well as “speaker notes” for each slide. The speaker notes may be comprised of brief paragraphs or bulleted lists. Support your presentation with at least five (5) scholarly resources. In addition to these specified resources, other appropriate scholarly resources may be included. Be sure to include citations for quotations and paraphrases with references in APA format and style where appropriate.
Length: 12-15 slides (with a separate reference slide).
Notes Length: 100-150 words for each slide.
.
As a homeowner, you have become more concerned about the energy is.docxrossskuddershamus
As a homeowner, you have become more concerned about the energy issue facing our communities. You want to see your neighbors become more involved in energy conservation efforts, but your attempts to gain support on your own have failed. You have decided to propose an Energy Resource Plan to your HOA for approval at the next meeting. Your goal is to convince the HOA to support and endorse your Energy Resource Plan.
Review
the following Energy Resource Plan outline
:
·
Introduction
o
Provide information about why conserving energy is important.
·
Renewable versus nonrenewable
o
Briefly distinguish between these types of energy.
·
Methods to conserve and help the environment
o
What may each member do, personally, to conserve energy and help the environment at the same time?
o
Provide at least three methods.
·
Government efforts
o
How may the government be involved in conservation efforts?
·
Conclusion
o
Wrap up the meeting with a brief summary of your main points.
o
Provide some motivation for conserving energy with a memorable slogan, statement, or song, for example.
Write
a 350- to 700-word paper that includes all elements of the outline.
Post
your paper as an attachment.
.
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A peer-reviewed article with a more holistic approach towards eco-system effects of an integrated physical, digital and social learn/work environment, you can literally transform an organisation, its business and people.
September 2020, Paradigm Explorer (No 133 2020/2) - Journal of the Scientific and Medical Network.
The German writer Johan Wolfgang von Goethe called Architecture ‘frozen music’, I prefer to call it ‘Symphony of Form’, a symbiosis between architecture and its occupants to create (more) added value.
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Color has the most important role in the behavior pattern of urban human and is a social powerful element that in addition to the mission and task of conveying messages has the task of visual appeal of the city. Despite the importance of color elements, primarily, this issue and its spatial impact on city residents have less been taken into consideration, and in some cases, they have totally been ignored.Thus, the aim of the present paper is to study the effect of color on city beautification and peace of citizens, which is conducted based on documents and library studies. The results showed that the correct application of colors in the cities beautifies the city and softens the mood and brings about the calmness of the citizens. Thus, with the proper use of local materials and combining them with the new conditions of construction and utilizing the experience of efficient experts, one can revive and expand the architecture consistent with the culture and climate of the region.
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The document discusses several elements of art including texture, color, tone, shape, size, and line. Texture refers to the surface quality of a work of art. Color pertains to hue, primary colors, secondary colors, and tertiary colors. Tone or value refers to the use of light and dark in a work of art.
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This study investigated how colour and luminance interact in human visual perception of depth. Participants viewed stimuli consisting of combinations of chromatic and luminance gratings and adjusted the apparent depth. The results showed that chromatic gratings produced significantly greater perceived depth than achromatic gratings. Perceived depth was also greater for gratings that were out of phase compared to in phase, though the difference was not statistically significant. Perceived depth decreased with increasing spatial frequency and was not significantly different for drifting vs static images. The findings provide insights into how colour contributes to the human visual system's perception of depth and shape from shading.
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Connections: The Learning Sciences Platform integrates a humane approach in the educational processes through creative initiatives using an interdisciplinary and international perspective.
Connections work is focus on:
- Educational Support “in situ”
- Professional Development
- Educational Research
- Promotion of free resources to improve the learning sciences
Visit our social networks
- Website: http://thelearningsciences.com
- Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/connectionstlsp/
- Instagram: ConexionesPCA2017
- Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/Lascienciasdelaprendizaje
- YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyUDsQmjsiJl8T2w5-EF78g
- Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company-beta/16212567/
Contact us:
E-mail: info@thelearningsciences.com
Mobile: +593 995 615 247
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2) It discusses key concepts in intercultural communication theory including cultural dimensions, cultural characteristics, and challenges in intercultural interactions.
3) The document also examines the history and approaches to research in intercultural communication including social scientific, interpretive, and critical approaches.
Emotions and mood an environmental psychology perspectiveJenna Condie
This document provides an overview of a lecture on emotions and mood from an environmental psychology perspective. It begins by problematizing mainstream concepts of emotion and mood, discussing theories such as basic emotions theory and differential emotions theory. It explores the relationship between personality, affect, and environments, noting how environments can regulate mood. Specifically, it discusses how natural environments have restorative effects while cities and noise can cause stress. It also covers place attachment and identity, and how emotional bonds form toward places. The document aims to think critically about emotions and mood using an environmental psychology lens.
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You get an original and high-quality paper based on extensive research. The completed work will be correctly formatted, referenced and tailored to your level of study.
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We value your privacy. We do not disclose your personal information to any third party without your consent. Your payment data is also safely handled as you process the payment through a secured and verified payment processor.
✅ Originality
Every single order we deliver is written from scratch according to your instructions. We have zero tolerance for plagiarism, so all completed papers are unique and checked for plagiarism using a leading plagiarism detector.
✅ On-time delivery
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Color Theory
Abstract
Color is everywhere, everyday. It can be interesting and helpful to research the ways that color can affect a person s everyday lives, not just for artists and photographers. Different colors can convey feelings and affect a person s mood and behavior in many ways. The basic research question for this paper is: In what ways do colors affect one s mood and how can they be used to people s advantage? These answers can be found by reviewing journals, books, and articles that feature expert views on the subject and also many studies that have been conducted. It is concluded through this research that colors play a big role in everybody s life, affecting mood through interior design, clothing, and marketing.
Introduction
People...show more content...Purple, the last of the well known rainbow shades, has mixed properties of its energizing red and soothing blue. Bright purples take on the fun side of red, while cooler and deeper purples are seen as the color of royalty. The meanings behind each color stems from their undertones, and also a lot to do with how the colors are seen in nature.
Colors used in Marketing With so much meaning behind colors, there are ways that people can use colors to get a message or feeling across. This technique is seen a lot in the marketing world. Marketers will use color theory and placement to attract customers and make shoppers think or act a certain way. The colors that are used in stores are planned by the marketing team of the company to attract a particular demographic and make them want to shop and purchase their products. In the retail environment, color plays a big role in the atmosphere. The store environment plays a big role
Architecture, an important part of our environment, disturbs our experiences, feelings, memories, and ultimately the decisions we make. To explore the connection between architecture and the human Senses was the intention aimed at my paper. Whether positive or negative, everything created or done by man has an effect on his environment. Some people are more aware of their architectural environment some are less but at the end we all live with it and have at least an unconscious impression of it. We understand buildings through our senses. Although the five basic senses are often studied as individual systems covering visual, auditory, taste–smell, orientation and the haptic sensations, there is interplay between the senses.
Similar to Article The Effects of Color on the Moods of College .docx (20)
As a human resources manager, you need to advise top leadership (CEO.docxrossskuddershamus
As a human resources manager, you need to advise top leadership (CEO, Vice Presidents, and Senior Managers) information on the importance of leadership style in creating a culture that embraces diversity. Create a PowerPoint presentation to compare and contrast how the different styles of CEO leadership can affect team building, so that cultural diversity can be used to a competitive advantage in the workplace. Provide ideas for how to effectively build a team that supports and embraces cultural diversity, and recommend the leadership styles that encourages the creation of a culture of diversity.
Incorporate appropriate animations, transitions, and graphics as well as “speaker notes” for each slide. The speaker notes may be comprised of brief paragraphs or bulleted lists. Support your presentation with at least five (5) scholarly resources. In addition to these specified resources, other appropriate scholarly resources may be included. Be sure to include citations for quotations and paraphrases with references in APA format and style where appropriate.
Length: 12-15 slides (with a separate reference slide).
Notes Length: 100-150 words for each slide.
.
As a homeowner, you have become more concerned about the energy is.docxrossskuddershamus
As a homeowner, you have become more concerned about the energy issue facing our communities. You want to see your neighbors become more involved in energy conservation efforts, but your attempts to gain support on your own have failed. You have decided to propose an Energy Resource Plan to your HOA for approval at the next meeting. Your goal is to convince the HOA to support and endorse your Energy Resource Plan.
Review
the following Energy Resource Plan outline
:
·
Introduction
o
Provide information about why conserving energy is important.
·
Renewable versus nonrenewable
o
Briefly distinguish between these types of energy.
·
Methods to conserve and help the environment
o
What may each member do, personally, to conserve energy and help the environment at the same time?
o
Provide at least three methods.
·
Government efforts
o
How may the government be involved in conservation efforts?
·
Conclusion
o
Wrap up the meeting with a brief summary of your main points.
o
Provide some motivation for conserving energy with a memorable slogan, statement, or song, for example.
Write
a 350- to 700-word paper that includes all elements of the outline.
Post
your paper as an attachment.
.
As a healthcare professional, you will be working closely with o.docxrossskuddershamus
As a healthcare professional, you will be working closely with other health care professionals. The best way to create a positive patient experience is to be able to understand the role that each healthcare professional plays in the care of a patient. For this assignment, select two of the following allied health professions (physician, dentist, pharmacist, nurses, advance practice nurse, or health services administrator) and take a deeper look into their specific functions and contributions to health care.
In a paper of 750-1,000 words please discuss the following:
What is their function/medical training?
In what type of setting can each profession be found traditionally? Is this changing today?
Discuss how the expanding roles of allied health in health care delivery have affected each profession.
How has the health care workforce shortage affected each profession?
Provide a minimum of two references.
.
As a future teacher exposed to the rising trend of blogs and adv.docxrossskuddershamus
As a future teacher exposed to the rising trend of blogs and advocacy pages on the Internet, it is important to identify credible, scholarly resources as the basis of best practices in the classroom.
To sample what information is available, locate one source (NAEYC, First Things First, Zero to Three, etc.) to support developmentally appropriate practices that you can share with families. For your selected source:
Describe how the resource can be used to support your selected issue.
Include a description of why that source would benefit your future classroom.
Describe what types of information is available at that source.
Use APA format to cite resources.
.
As a fresh research intern, you are a part of the hypothetical.docxrossskuddershamus
As a fresh research intern, you are a part of the hypothetical National Anthrax Eradication Program. Your first task is to present a detailed summary on this lethal disease.
Using the the Internet, research, acquire, compile the primary data and respond to the following:
What organism produces this disease and how?
What are the four different locations where an anthrax infection can occur? Describe each of these locations. What are the reasons why these locations allow the infection to occur?
What are the different scientific methods that have been tried, tested, and implemented towards Anthrax prevention and cure in the past decade?
Why is Anthrax such a potent weapon of bioterrorism? What are its characteristics that make it so?
.
As a fresh research intern, you are a part of the hypothetical Nat.docxrossskuddershamus
As a fresh research intern, you are a part of the hypothetical National Anthrax Eradication Program. Your first task is to present a detailed summary of this lethal disease.
Using
the Internet, research, acquire, compile the primary data, and respond to the following:
1. What organism produces this disease and how?
2. What are the four different locations where an anthrax infection can occur? Describe each of these locations. What are the reasons why these locations allow the infection to occur?
3.What are the different scientific methods that have been tried, tested, and implemented towards Anthrax prevention and cure in the past decade?
4.Why is Anthrax such a potent weapon of bioterrorism? What are the characteristics that make it so?
cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format.
.
As a former emergency department Registered Nurse for over seven.docxrossskuddershamus
As a former emergency department Registered Nurse for over seven years, I recall the most significant complaints were our long wait times. For some patients, the wait time could be substantial. Since emergency departments aren't on a first-come, first-serve basis, wait times were often unpredictable and lengthy. Patients are triaged based on their level of acuity. Long Emergency Department (ED) Length of stay (EDLOS) is associated with poor patient outcomes, which has led to the implementation of time targets designed to keep EDLOS below a specific limit. (Andersson et al., 2020, p. 2)
The method conducted for the concept analysis on EDLOS was the Walker and Avant approach. They were able to research a way of measuring the concept empirically by identifying all concepts used. (Andersson et al., 2020) Nurses can use the Walker and Avant approach when there are limited concepts available to a nurse to explain a problem area. The process of concept analysis for nurses first transpired in 1986. (McEwen & Wills, 2019) Walker and Avant specifically designed an approach to concept analysis to help graduate nurses explain methods to examine phenomena that interests them. (McEwen & Wills, 2019) The basic concept analysis approach by Walker and Avant is as follows; 1. Select a concept 2. Determine the aims or purposes of the analysis. 3. Identify all the concept possible uses possible. 4. Determine the defining attributes. 5. Identify the model case. 6. Identify any borderline, related contrary, invent, and illegitimate cases. 7. Identify the antecedents and consequences. 8. Define the empirical referents. (McEwen & Wills, 2019, Tables 3-2)
Authors Aim and Purpose
As a former Emergency Department Nurse, I find it fascinating how the author chose to do the concept analysis on this topic. According to the author, when patients are forced to stay for extended lengths of time in the emergency department, this leads to poor patient outcomes, overcrowding, and an overall inefficient organization. (Andersson et al., 2020) I recall when a febrile child was left in the Emergency Department for a long time. The child became so agitated their respiratory status worsened. The authors aim to clarify the meaning of long EDLOS and identify the root causes of an emergency department length of stay of more than six hours. (Andersson et al., 2020)
Defining Attributes on the Concept Examined
In the emergency department, length of stay (LOS) is a widely used measurement. Emergency department length of stay (EDLOS) is defined as the time interval between a patient's arrival to the ED to the time the patient physically leaves the ED. The defining attributes discovered that waiting in a crowded emergency department was just that, waiting. Waiting was the most acknowledged attribute associated with EDLOS. (Andersson et al., 2020) If the patients didn't have to wait, they wouldn't be a problem/complaint and had no time targets.
Another attrib.
As a doctorally prepared nurse, you are writing a Continuous Qua.docxrossskuddershamus
As a doctorally prepared nurse, you are writing a Continuous Quality Improvement project plan on
Reducing readmission/hospitalization rates for patients with Heart Failure
;
1.
Describe how the Quality program is measured, data is collected, monitored, and analyzed.
2.
Determine performance measures, and develop indicators to measure performance, core measures, etc.
3.
Discuss a data collection plan including data collection methods such as chart review, etc. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) policies must be followed.
4.
Consider following structure, process, outcomes, and patients’ experience measures. You must use nationally recognized and standardized measures if possible. See the
HCQA Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measures
a tool which lists inpatient and ambulatory performance measures in health care.
Document this assignment in 6 pages document and include 5 References.
.
As a consumer of information, do you generally look for objectivity .docxrossskuddershamus
As a consumer of information, do you generally look for objectivity in news reporting or do you also want opinions? Why?
During the past election, did you follow a political story or candidate on the Internet? Did you follow similar stories on candidates through television or in your local paper? What were are differences between Internet reporting and television and newspaper reporting? From your observations, what do you think are the general effects of the Internet on politics?
200 words
.
As a center of intellectual life and learning, Timbuktua. had ver.docxrossskuddershamus
As a center of intellectual life and learning, Timbuktu
a. had very little intellectual life.
b. was a major point of congregation, bringing together knowledge from around the Muslim world. Correct
c. grew to be strong in spite of opposition from Malian kings.
d. was second only to Mogadishu in the number of universities.
.
ary AssignmentCertified medical administrative assistants (CMAAs) .docxrossskuddershamus
ary Assignment
Certified medical administrative assistants (CMAAs) need to be aware of the many medical options that are available in their community.
For this assignment, develop a document that contains the community resources for breast cancer patients.
Discuss the steps that will be taken to gather and present the information.
Include a procedure to update the information on a regular basis.
.
As (or after) you read The Declaration of Independence, identify.docxrossskuddershamus
As (or after) you read
The Declaration of Independence
, identify three examples of each of the three elements in Aristotle's Triad: ethos, pathos, and logos. That means you need to provide a total of
nine
examples in the form of direct quotes from
The Declaration of Independence. Also, be sure to clearly label which element (ethos, pathos, or logos)
.
ARTWORK Markus Linnenbrink HOWTOSURVIVE, 2012, epoxy resin .docxrossskuddershamus
The document discusses how leading companies are improving collaboration between marketing and other functions through revamping key decision-making processes. It focuses on three areas: planning and strategy decisions, execution decisions, and operations/infrastructure decisions. Companies use simple tools like defining decision roles, criteria, and processes to streamline decisions made at organizational "seams". This approach clarifies responsibilities and has helped companies like Target and Nordstrom make better aligned, faster decisions to increase marketing effectiveness.
arugumentative essay on article given belowIn Parents Keep Chil.docxrossskuddershamus
arugumentative essay on article given below
In “Parents Keep Child’s Gender Secret”, Jayme Poisson writes an article about the true story of a Canadian couple raising their child without ever revealing the child’s gender (keeping it secret from anyone not in their immediate family). This has incited many strong reactions from readers and locals alike. Poisson’s piece allows us to form our own opinions about this subject and forces us to examine why we consider gender so important to the development of a child.
Kenji Yoshino writes about the term covering. ‘Covering’, as Yoshino uses it, means to ‘tone down a disfavored identity to fit into the mainstream’ (552), and Yoshino argues that though Americans value the idea of the melting pot as a model for our culture, that ideal can have unintended negative consequences. Despite our avowed appreciation for multiculturalism, the unstated public expectation is still for people of all genders, sexual orientations and races to conform to rigid expectations.
Prompt:
Yoshino discusses the pressures we face to “cover”. Apply this concept and cross-reference Poisson’s piece and the decision Storm’s parents have made to keep their child’s gender a secret. In what ways is it a strategy to resist covering? Is it an effective one? Is some measure of covering necessary in our society? Make an argument about how cultural expectations and individual (or parental) choices should affect or does affect gender identity.
Essay Guidelines:
Quote the assigned readings to support your answer. Do not do additional research. Be sure to demonstrate your comprehension of the pieces by quoting and discussing relevant passages to support your thesis. Essays that draw support solely upon personal experience will not receive a passing grade. Additionally, make sure that you are not merely summarizing the readings
.
artsArticleCircling Round Vitruvius, Linear Perspectiv.docxrossskuddershamus
arts
Article
Circling Round Vitruvius, Linear Perspective, and the
Design of Roman Wall Painting
Jocelyn Penny Small †
Department of Art History, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; [email protected]
† Mail: 890 West End Avenue, Apartment 4C, New York, NY 10025-3520, USA.
Received: 1 April 2019; Accepted: 2 September 2019; Published: 14 September 2019
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Abstract: Many scholars believe that linear perspective existed in classical antiquity, but a fresh
examination of two key texts in Vitruvius shows that 1.2.2 is about modularity and symmetria,
while 7.Pr.11 describes shading (skiagraphia). Moreover, these new interpretations are firmly based on
the classical understanding of optics and the history of painting (e.g., Pliny the Elder). A third text
(Philostratus, Imagines 1.4.2) suggests that the design of Roman wall painting depends on concentric
circles. Philostratus’ system is then used to successfully make facsimiles of five walls, representing
Styles II, III, and IV of Roman wall painting. Hence, linear perspective and its relatives, such as
Panofsky’s vanishing vertical axis, should not be imposed retrospectively where they never existed.
Keywords: linear perspective; skenographia; skiagraphia; Greek and Roman painting; Roman fresco;
Vitruvius; Philostratus
Two systems for designing Pompeian wall paintings have dominated modern scholarship: a
one- or center-point perspective and a vanishing vertical axis.1 Neither method works for all the
variations seen on the walls of Styles II–IV. The vanishing vertical axis is considered a precursor of
linear perspective, whereas center-point construction is a form of linear perspective. Many scholars
believe that linear perspective was invented by the Greeks, only to be forgotten during the Middle
Ages and “reinvented” in the Renaissance.2 In contrast, I propose that linear perspective was not
known in any form in antiquity but, rather, was an invention of the Renaissance, which also created its
putative ancient pedigree.
1. Background
1.1. Definitions
First, it is important to define four key terms.
“Perspective” applies loosely to a wide range of systems that convert a three-dimensional scene
to two dimensions. Most scholars, however, mean “linear perspective” when they use the unqualified
term “perspective”. No standard definition exists for linear perspective, but only linear perspective
obeys the rules of projective geometry. Formal definitions refer to “station points” (the point or
place for the “eye” of the “viewer” and/or “artist”), vanishing points, horizon lines, and picture
planes, among other aspects. Horizontal lines converge to the “center point” or, in the case of
1 This topic is remarkably complex with a massive bibliography. Small (2013) provides a reasonable summary of the
scholarship to its date of publication. Since then, I have realized that the standard interpretations of key texts and objects
needs to be totally rethought. This artic.
ARTS & NATURE MARKETING PROJECT OF SHEFFIELDYang yux.docxrossskuddershamus
The document summarizes a marketing presentation for promoting Sheffield as a tourism destination. It begins with an analysis of Sheffield's strengths, such as its natural scenery and strong artistic culture, and weaknesses, such as having less cultural attractions than competitors. The presentation then outlines marketing communication objectives to increase tourism by 40% and social media popularity by 30% in 12 months. A strategy is introduced to promote Sheffield's unique strengths of arts and natural geography through a "Green & Art Festival." The target audience is identified as people of all ages who love both arts and nature.
This study aimed to characterize workplace violence experienced by healthcare workers at a public hospital in Lisbon, Portugal. A qualitative survey was conducted through interviews with 6 workers, and a quantitative survey was distributed to 32 workers. The main findings were that 41 incidents of physical or verbal violence over the past 2 years were reported, with the majority perpetrated by patients or their family members. Most victims reported permanent feelings of hypervigilance after experiencing violence. Many workers were unfamiliar with reporting procedures or felt reporting was useless. Most felt workplace violence could be minimized through strategies like increased security and restricted access to patient care areas.
Artist Analysis Project – Due Week 61)Powerpoint project at le.docxrossskuddershamus
Artist Analysis Project – Due Week 6
1)
Powerpoint project at least 10 slides.
2)
3 or more cited references from journals, magazines, newspapers, not all websites, not Wikipedia
3)
An analysis is a scholarly review of a famous artist and his or her work, not just whether we liked it or not.
4)
Use vocabulary and terms you learned in this class and apply them to your art choice.
5)
Try focusing your topic on one aspect of the art, i.e.
a.
Pick an artist/movie director/dancer/singer/novelist/actor etc. and research that person. Read reviews and critiques of their work, read or watch biographies (YouTube), you might choose to compare two of their works, or compare and contract two artists in the same field, learn about the art technique and why it is used, what it represents, what it tells us about our humanity, etc.
I need this back by 3:00 p.m. today and will check copyscape.
.
Artist Research Paper RequirementsYou are to write a 3 page double.docxrossskuddershamus
Artist Research Paper Requirements
You are to write a 3 page double spaced paper in 12 point font using Microsoft word.
You are to choose 3 digital artists who’s work is available to view on the internet.
Do not use any of the old masters like Picasso, Rembrandt, etc….. this needs to be a modern artist working in the digital arts and design field.
At least one of the artists must be from a country other than the United States.
You are to cover the following areas for each artist:
Biography who they are and where they studied,
Things that influenced their work and inspired them,
The artists philosophy on their work,
Artistic genres, or movements that their work fits into or is associated with.
You are to write about their work – provide url links to images of their work on line. Write about what you see in their work, how it impacts and influences your own design artistic ideas.
Write about the composition, color, scale, and other aesthetics of their art.
.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
Article The Effects of Color on the Moods of College .docx
1. Article
The Effects of Color on the Moods
of College Students
Sevinc Kurt1 and Kelechi Kingsley Osueke2
Abstract
This research aims to discover the psychological effects of
colors on individuals, using the students’ union complex in a
university campus. This building was chosen due to its richness
in color variances. The research method is survey, and
questionnaires were drawn up and distributed to an even range
of students, comprising both international and local
students; undergraduate and graduate. Questionnaires have been
collected and analyzed to find out the effects different
colors had on students’ moods in different spaces of the
students’ union complex. This research would contribute to
understand more about colors and how they affect our feelings
and therefore to make better decisions and increase the
use of spaces when choosing colors for different spaces to suit
the purpose for which they are designed.
Keywords
color, mood, architectural space
Introduction
We live in a world of color (Huchendorf, 2007, p. 1).
According to the various researches, the color that
2. surrounds us in our daily lives has a profound effect on our
mood and on our behavior (e.g., Babin, Hardesty, & Suter,
2003; Kwallek, Lewis, & Robbins, 1988; Kwallek,
Woodson, Lewis, & Sales, 1997; Rosenstein, 1985). In
clothing, interiors, landscape, and even natural light, a color
can change our mood from sad to happy, from confusion to
intelligence, from fear to confidence. It can actually be used
to “level out” emotions or to create different moods (Aves
& Aves, 1994, p. 120). The design of an environment
through a variety of means such as temperature, sounds,
layout, lighting, and colors can stimulate perceptual and
emotional responses in consumers and affect their behavior
(Kotler, 1973 in Yildirim, Akalinbaskaya, & Hidayetoglu,
2007, p. 3233). Therefore, it may follow that if we could
measure it, we may get a clue as to how our mood varies
when in any enclosed space. The ambiance of the interior
space affects the users’ behaviors and perception of that
place by influencing their emotional situation. In this
context, it is believed that the various physical components
including light and color have a great importance on the
environmental characteristics of space, especially in public
use like students’ union centers.
Hence, using the appropriate color in design is important
in such buildings. It is also significant to draw cognitive
map and way finding in interiors. Environmental
interventions that promote way finding can be implemented
on two levels: the design of the floor plan typology and
environmental cues, which comprise signage, furnishings,
lighting, colors, and so on. Vivid color coding may enhance
short-term memory and improve functional ability (Cernin,
Keller, & Stoner, 2003). So the use of color is one of the
crucial elements in designing the appropriate circulation of
public interiors. Furthermore, the function, surrounding
environment, the users’ profile are also important factors
3. which interactively be effectual on people’s emotional
situations. Therefore, colors must be studied in real contexts
because they are experienced in environments where
complex patterns interact with perceptions and behavior
(Tofle, Schwarz, Voon, & Max-Royaie, 2004).
This research study is conducted to discover the
psychological effects of colors on individuals, using the
students’ union complex as a research area.
Problem Statement
Color has been found to increase a person’s arousal
(Huchendorf, 2007). They have a subterranean consequence on
how people feel both psychologically and physically. Various
colors represent various moods; therefore, the need to know
what color to paint a particular enclosed space is necessary so
that the space will be best utilized by its intended users. Color,
is one of the effective factors in a space which influences the
way individuals express their emotions.
According to Birren (2006), colors have many emotional
impacts, namely, temperature, strong and weak, hard and
1Cyprus International University, Nicosia
2Zedrock and Herman Architecture, Delta State, Nigeria
Corresponding Author:
Sevinc Kurt, Associate Professor, Faculty of Fine Arts,
Department of
Architecture, Cyprus International University, Haspolat
Campus,
Nicosia, Mersin 10, Cyprus.
Email: [email protected]
SAGE Open
January-March 2014: 1–12
5. All architecture, from prehistoric times to the end of the
Baroque era, involved some use of color (Meyhöfer, 2008,
p. 6). Colors are all about us and the sheer variety of shades
used, for instance in interior decorations, are an indication
(Carruthers, Morris, Tarrier, & Whorwell, 2010). So in a
deep sense, the architect only ever thinks in color, builds in
color, and huge part of our experience of architecture is not
as proceeding color from the object but making the color of
the object. Color is one way to think the whole field of
architecture, the same way that ecology is a way to think
(Serra, 2011).
Consequently, it is certain that, color is impressive and
memorable within a context. The perception of any indoor
or outdoor space is directly related to its color and in fact it
is necessary to search the users’ awareness of the place
where their activities occur. Therefore, the student activity
center in campus will be investigated.
Aim of the Study
This research was undertaken to find out how individuals
react when in an enclosed, colored space; if their moods
change and if colors can increase stimulation, and
stimulation can increase memory, then it is possible that we
could find that color can increase memory. Furthermore,
colors are frequently used to describe emotions such as
“green with envy,” “red with rage,” and being “in the
blues” when depressed (Carruthers et al., 2010). Color can
perform a multitude of roles and can affect a person’s
emotions, energy level, and sense of order, or disorder. As
well it can set the tone of interior and make it seem formal,
or informal, masculine or feminine, coolly aloof or
invitingly warm (Poore, 1994). Dirk Meyhöfer (2008)
claimed that “architecture and color . . . is a vast field,
6. occasionally even a love-hate relationship; but always a
fascinating area of activity for architects and designers” (p.
6). After all, color by its very nature—whether surviving its
effect is cool or warm, light or dark, introverted or
extroverted—is defined through the interplay of light and
shade, through location and other environmental influences.
In other words, color changes with its surroundings. Red,
for example, is never the same tone but changes depending
on the surface material and the neighboring surfaces that
may swallow or reflect light.
Colors are psychological experiences. To explain them
reductively with neurological processes (if that is possible)
requires linking propositions that attempt to create a
credible link between subjective experiences and
objectively measured data related to neural responses or
physical measures of reflectance—or spectral power
(Kuehni, 2003, p. 339). Color is fundamental to sight,
identification, interpretation, perceptions, and senses. Some
colors evoke psychological reactions through signals such
as warmth, relaxation, danger, energy, purity, and death
(Courtis, 2004, p. 266). According to Angela Wright (1998,
p. 23), the psychology of color works as follows: When
light strikes the eye, each wavelength does so slightly
differently. Red, the longest wavelength, requires the most
adjustment to look at it, and therefore appears to be nearer
than it is, while green requires no adjustment whatever, and
is therefore restful. In the retina, these vibrations of light are
converted into electrical impulses which pass to the brain—
eventually to the hypothalamus, which governs the
endocrine glands, which in turn produce and secrete our
hormones. In simple terms, each color (wavelength) focuses
on a particular part of the body, evoking a specific
physiological response, which in turn produces a
psychological reaction. Particular colors have very different
effects on each individual. Response to a color may be
7. influenced by a number of factors such as the body’s need
for a specific color, a sad or happy memory associated with
a color, family history, or current trends (Aves & Aves,
1994, p. 120).
In general, the main aim of this study is to investigate the
psychological effects of different colors used in the student
complex and discuss the significance and proper use of
colors in common spaces.
Scope of the Study
An interior is a three-dimensional world that completely
envelops you in color; color surfaces are all around you,
above you, and beneath you. Interior color is, therefore,
experienced quite differently from any other color use
(Miller, 1997, p. 9). This research will study the various
colors, how they are perceived by individuals, their
psychological properties and how they also affect
individual’s mood in enclosed spaces in context of the
student union complex.
Kurt and Osueke 3
Limitations
All the colors of the color wheel were not used in the
students’ union complex, therefore the full psychological
effects of all the colors would not be completely accessed.
This research and its findings are limited to the university
where the research is done.
Literature Review
8. Definition of Color
Color is the visual perceptual property corresponding in
humans to the categories called red, green, blue, and others.
Color derives from the spectrum of light (distribution of
light energy versus wavelength) interacting in the eye with
the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors (Brodie, n.d.).
The seven colors of the spectrum are produced by light
waves of varied lengths that reflect off tangible animate and
inanimate objects (Marberry, 1995, p. 15). Light and color
are simply a matter of vibrational frequency. Chromatics,
the science of color, is the study of this relationship
(Graham, 1990).
The narrow band of energy that the human eye can
detect extends from 380 nm at the red end to 760 nm at the
violet end. Sunlight produces all color wavelengths. When
human eyes interpret the wavelengths of light reflected
from an object, they see color (Day & Rich, 2009). Wright
(2008) defines color as, “color is light, which travels to us
in waves from the sun, on the same electro-magnetic
spectrum as radio and television waves, micro waves, x-
rays etc.” The human eye is capable of seeing over 7
million colors. These colors are gotten from the basic
blocks of the primary, secondary, and tertiary colors.
The primary colors. The primary colors are the three basic
hues red, blue, and yellow (Aves & Aves, 1994). These
colors cannot be created by mixing others, and they are the
basis of all the other shades of colors which they generated.
If the primary colors are mixed in equal amounts, the
resulting color is always black.
The secondary colors. These are the colors that are achieved
by mixing equal amounts of two primaries. There are three
secondary colors: green (a mixture of red and yellow),
9. orange (a mixture of blue and yellow), and violet (a mixture
of red and blue).
The tertiary colors. Tertiary colors are achieved by mixing
equal amount of primary and secondary hues. There are six
tertiary colors which are lime as a mixture of green with
yellow, purple as a mixture of violet with red, saffron as a
mixture of orange and red, lavender as a mixture of violet
with blue, amber as a mixture of yellow with orange, and
turquoise as a mixture of green with blue.
When blending black or white to these colors, tints and
shades will be the results, while tones describe the depth of
a color. Neutrals are subtle shades from the palest range of
colors (beige, cream), and are used for balancing vibrant or
rich colors.
Cold colors have a high proportion of blue in their make-
up such as violet blue and some greens and they have a
calming effect. Warm colors are energizing, have more red
and yellow in their make-up.
Combining Colors
Colors can look quite different in combination; they play a
trick on the brains at times, it is therefore important when
designing interior spaces to use the color wheel. The color
wheel shows the relationships between the colors of the
spectrum. Wright claimed that, the complementary colors
are red/green, blue/orange, and yellow/violet. In color
psychology, the importance of this becomes clearer when
we realize that complementary colors, when put together,
present perfect balance, as all the pigment primaries are
then present:
10. Red and (Blue + Yellow)
Blue and (Red + Yellow)
Yellow and (Red + Blue) (Wright, 1998, p. 23)
As seen in Figure 1, the contrasting colors sit opposite
each other on the color wheel. They are also referred to as
complementary colors by interior designers
(“Understanding Colour,” 2004). On the color wheel,
harmonious or complementary colors are next to each other,
warm colors are on the orange side, and cool on the blue
side.
Knowing what color to paint and combine in a given
interior space so as to evoke the desired mood should be the
objective of every interior designer. Different shades of
color can be used in creating illusions and effects, for
example, the eye can be drawn to a particular object in a
room by varying the tone of the color in relation to the color
of the wall on which it leans on in the room.
The Context of Color
Color, is one of the effective factors in a space which
influences to express one’s emotion. A single color can
have series of meanings and interpretations to various
people in various regions of the world; take for example
the people of China who see white as a sad color because
they wear white when mourning whereas some other
societies in Europe perceive it as purity, virginity, and
cleanliness. De Bortoli and Maroto (2001) also states that
in Asia, orange is a positive, spiritually enlightened, and
life-affirming color, whereas in the United States, it is a
color of road hazards, traffic delays, and fast-food
restaurants.
11. 4 SAGE Open
Figure 1. Color wheel.
Source. Adapted from Interior color by design: A design tool
for architects,
interior designers, and homeowners, by J. Poore, 1994,
Gloucester, MA:
Rockport. Copyright 1994 by Rockport Publishers.
Colors can be used to also distinguish between a series
of activities like fun and serious, old and young, and female
and male.
Psychological Properties of Colors
Wright (2008) defines it as the effects of the electro-magnetic
radiation of light on human mood and behavior—a universal,
psychophysical reaction, which is not as heavily influenced by
culture, age, and gender as is generally thought.
It must be noted that there is a great difference between
color psychology and color symbolism. The context of
color can be understood to be color symbolism whereas the
psychological properties of color is associated with moods
of people in general.
Wright (2008) says there are four psychological primary
colors: red, blue, yellow, and green. They relate,
respectively, to the body, the mind, the emotions, and the
essential balance between these three. The emotional effects
12. of the basic colors are as follows:
Red. Being the longest wavelength, red is a powerful,
strong, and very basic color. It has the property of
appearing to be nearer than it is and therefore it grabs
people’s attention first. It may activate the “fight or flight”
instinct. Pure red is the simplest color, with no subtlety. It is
stimulating and lively, very friendly. At the same time, it
can be perceived as demanding and aggressive Although
the red colored spaces have courage, strength, warmth,
energy, basic survival, “fight or flight,” stimulation,
masculinity, excitement effects on people (Wright, 1998).
Defiance, aggression, visual impact, and strain are among
the negative impacts of red color.
Yellow. According to Eiseman (2006),
Yellow is thought of as joyful, outgoing, open, and friendly.
Psychologically, yellow is the strongest color. In color-mood
association studies, yellow is associated with comedy, a happy
mood, and playfulness. Yellow ribbons have been used as a
sign of hope and optimism since the nineteenth century (p. 45).
Psychologically, yellow is the strongest color, it is about
emotions, self esteem, and creativity (Wright, 1998).
Light pastel yellows are seen as childlike. Canary yellow is
delicate and feather soft. Ambered yellows are perceived as
mellow and warm. Yellow is most associated with words like
“cheerful,” “jovial,” “joyful,” and “sunny”; somewhat
associated with “exciting” and “stimulating”; and almost never
associated with “despondent,” “dejected,” “melancholy,” or
“unhappy.” Yellow as a color lets the sunshine in.
Green. Green is considered an emotionally calming color. It
gives a sense of refreshment, harmony, and equilibrium. It
13. symbolizes universal love, environmental awareness, and
peace. Leatrice Eiseman (2006) claims that people find cool
shades of blue and green and neutral earth tones to be
relaxing because these colors remind of nature. Because
green has the power to help people adjust to new
environments, skillful designers use lots of plants and other
forms of green in hotel lobbies, offices, and restaurants
(Aves & Aves, 1994). Although it is the color of balance, it
may have negative effects too, such as being too bland,
bore, and demoralizing when incorrectly used.
Blue. Blue encourages intellectual activity, reason, and logical
thought. It is the color of the intellect. In the same evidence
about raising blood pressure with red, blue is deemed to lower
the blood pressure. Certainly, it is a soothing, calming color,
encouraging reflection. Nature uses it in the sky and the sea
(Wright, 1998, p. 27). Strong blues stimulate clear thought and
lighter, soft blues calm the mind and aid concentration.
How Color Psychology Works
When light strikes any colored object, the object absorbs only
the wavelengths that exactly match its own atomic structure
and reflects the rest to the observer. When light strikes the
human eye, the wavelengths do so in different ways,
influencing our perceptions. The hypothalamus is the part of
the brain governing our hormones and our endocrine system,
when light hits the retina it is converted to electrical impulses
that are then transmitted to the hypothalamus for interpretation.
The hypothalamus houses the body’s biological clock
(Wright, 2008). This is so because it governs our body’s
temperature, our appetite, sexual functions, sleeping, and
behavioral patterns, and so on. It has been proved several times
that color has a physical effect on humans due to its energy; an
experiment carried out on blind people to identify some colors
14. resulted in these blind subjects identifying the colors with no
problems at all.
Kurt and Osueke 5
Figure 2. The courtyard.
Figure 3. Break Point from the courtyard.
Method
Area of Study
The site chosen for this research is the students’ union
complex on the university campus.
The campus is situated 5 km away from the city center.
The climate is hot and dry during summer, mild and rainy
in the winter. Over 5,000 students are being educated in the
university and more than 60% of them accommodate on the
campus. Social and dining activities mostly occur in the
student union which is placed around the main courtyard
between academic units and dormitories.
Figure 4. The entrance door of Munch More.
Figure 5. The Lake View cafeteria.
The Courtyard
15. As seen in Figure 2, the courtyard sits in the middle of all the
spaces which will be mentioned below; Break Point, Munch
More, Palm Inn, and Lake View cafeteria. So, its surrounding
walls happen to be the exterior walls of the mentioned spaces.
The view is very exciting due to the warm colors and nicely
colored and patterned names on the Palm Inn, Break Point, and
Munch More. The view of the cafeteria is neither so exciting
nor relaxing because a large surface area is painted white, and
its link with the Palm Inn which is also white which increases
the drabness effect that is created (see Figure 5).
Figure 3 shows the exterior of Break Point. The photo in
Figure 4 taken from the courtyard shows the exciting and
colorful exterior of Munch More. Arched doors and
windows are placed in the ground floor, whereas different
composition on the elevation effectively can be seen on the
upper part of the building. Figure 5 shows the façade of
Lake View cafeteria with its modest entrance. The left part
of the block connects the Palm Inn to the main dining hall.
The last image is from the courtyard showing the exterior
wall of Palm Inn restaurant (Figure 6).
6 SAGE Open
Figure 6. Image showing the exterior of the Palm Inn.
Figure 7. Interior space of the Lake View cafeteria.
Figure 8. The large poster with vegetables on it in Lake View
16. cafeteria.
Figure 9. Interior space of Break Point.
Data Collection Procedure
The study area was visited and direct observations and
assessments were completed, then later, a questionnaire was
generated; measures were taken to make the questions as
simple and straightforward as possible so as to lead them in
the direction of the aim of the research and not to confuse
them so as to obtain reliable results from the analysis of the
answers they give.
Direct Observations
The interior spaces of the students’ union complex were
explored and observed by the researcher. The details of
these observations are stated as follows:
Lake View cafeteria
1. The use of warm colors: yellow, orange, and red was
evident. White is also used.
2. A large surface area was painted in white (see Figure 7)
3. Vegetable poster (see Figure 8) was well placed as a
sign that food being served is healthy.
Break Point and Munch More
1. The colors and patterns used on the interior walls
(Figure 11) complemented each other.
17. 2. It was noticed that only few warm colors were used in
these spaces as seen in Figures 9 and 10.
3. Although there are some parts that lacked warm or
inviting colors, nice and colorful artworks were used
to adorn some walls also as seen in Figure 12.
Palm Inn
1. The interior color of the walls and furniture are really
nice and inviting.
Kurt and Osueke 7
Figure 10. A section of the interior space of Munch More.
Figure 11. Artworks complementing the surrounding furniture
in Munch More.
Figure 12. Artworks decorating the walls in Break Point.
2. Graffiti-like artwork was used in adorning the walls
which had glass.
Figure 13. A section of the interior of the Palm Inn.
3. The finishing and combining of colors is very c1assy
and suits the category of individuals the space is
intended for.
18. 4. Different saturation of the color green was used in
making round shelves.
5. A section of the interior of the Palm Inn, as seen in
Figure 13, had an interesting color combination going
on and seemed really matured, the wall was gray and
with a strip of light green in its middle.
Findings and Analysis of Data
Around 550 questionnaires were distributed randomly to
users of the complex at different times of the day. Four
hundred ninety of them were successfully retrieved and
therefore the analysis of the results would be of four
hundred ninety respondents. The analyses of the
questionnaires are as following:
Respondent’s gender. From the graph, it is deduced that
the highest respondents were male with a total number of
276 as compared with the females who were 214 in
number. Graph 1 in Figure 14 shows the gender of
respondents, the horizontal axis of the graph indicates
the sex while the vertical shows the number count of the
particular sex.
Respondent’s age. The highest respondents of this
questionnaire fell in the age bracket of 17 to 24 as shown in
the graph with a total number of 332, then followed by the
age bracket of 25 to 30 with 138 respondents, then the least
fell in the age bracket of 31 and above with just 20
respondents.
From Graph 2 (see Figure 14), it is easily deduced that
the highest respondents are students with a total number of
460; the reason is not farfetched from the fact that the area
19. of study is the student complex. The lower respondents are
the staff with just 30 in number.
8 SAGE Open
Figure 14. Statistical information about respondents.
Marital status of the respondents. The highest level rise is
that of the singles with a total number of 471, and the
lowest being just 3 respondents as divorcees, the married
respondents were 3 as well, as indicated in the graph.
Respondent’s least favorite color.
As seen on Graph 5 in Figure 14, brown (26%), orange (21%),
and gray (13%) comprise the majority of negative responses.
Respondent’s favorite color. The highest level on Graph 6
in Figure 14 is that of others, with a total percentage of
28, indicating that most respondents’ favorite color was
blue which turned out to be highly favored with a total
count of 136, followed by green with 92, by yellow with
83, and by red with 42 respondents favoring them,
respectively.
The number of the respondents for each option of the
answers is given in Table 1; the graphs showing
respondents’ perception on space and color are shown in
Figure 15; and other relevant questions which are replied by
the respondents are analyzed. The following are the
deductions:
20. Kurt and Osueke 9
Table 1. Analysis of the Data.
Likert-type questions
Strongly
agree Agree Disagree
Strongly
disagree
Do not
know/NA
1. The colors used for the exterior of the students’ union
complex are well
combined
198 287 5 — —
2. The colors used reflect the purpose for which the complex
was built. 164 245 23 41 19
3. Some colors should have not been used. 76 136 240 26 12
4. More colors should have been used. 78 156 241 2 13
5. Your excitement level increases as you approach the complex
due to the
colors used on the complex.
134 192 126 38 —
6. The colors of the complex complement the environment and
21. give a sense of
belonging.
142 205 110 18 15
7. The interior color of the Palm Inn is warm and inviting. 105
227 101 39 18
8. The interior color of the cafeteria is warm and makes your
meal enjoyable. 121 210 58 99 2
9. The interior color of Break Point makes you restless or too
excited. 130 202 121 37 —
10. All interior colors of spaces of the student union complex
were painted in
colors that reflect their purpose.
84 212 168 16 10
11. Events that take place within the complex remain vivid in
your memory. 76 334 66 110 14
1. Four hundred eighty-five respondents claimed that the
colors used for the exterior of the students’ union
complex were well combined.
2. Four hundred nine respondents supposed that the colors
used reflect the purpose for which the complex was
built. Two hundred sixty-six respondents were against
the idea that some colors should not have been used.
3. Two hundred twelve respondents stated that some
colors should have not been used in the student union.
4. Two hundred forty-three respondents found it
unnecessary to use more colors.
22. 5. Three hundred twenty-six respondents claimed that
their excitement level increased as they approached
the complex due to the colors used on the complex.
6. Three hundred forty-seven respondents felt that the
colors of the complex complemented the environment
and gave a sense of belonging.
7. Three hundred thirty-two respondents believe that the
interior color of the Palm Inn is warm and inviting.
8. Three hundred thirty-one respondents declared that the
interior color of the cafeteria was warm and made
their meal enjoyable.
9. Three hundred thirty-two respondents stated that the
interior color of Break Point made them restless or
too excited.
10. Two hundred ninety-six respondents claimed that all
interior colors of spaces of the student union complex
were painted in colors that reflected their purpose.
11. Four hundred forty respondents declared that events
that took place within the complex remained vivid in
their memory.
12. Three hundred five respondents chose the Break
Point as their favorite spot (see Graph 7 in Figure 15).
13. Most of the respondents (260) said they did not mind
how long they spent in their favorite spot (see Graph
8 in Figure 15).
14. Three hundred ninety-three respondents were not
in favor of the color of their favorite spot been
23. painted a different color (see Graph 9 in Figure 3).
However, when asked to those who agreed their
favorite spot to be painted a different color, what
color they preferred, they were unsure what color
to choose.
15. Forty-two individuals responded to using another
color while another 48 respondents had no comments.
From the given color options, red was the most
favored color with 26 respondents, and blue and green
were at a tie with 11 apiece.
16. None of the respondents claimed to feel depressed in
their favorite spot (see Graph 10 in Figure 3).
17. Three hundred eleven respondents claimed that
communication between them and friends
strengthened in the complex (see Graph 11 in Figure
15). Break Point is the spot where communication
among peers strengthened with 375 respondents,
followed by the Palm Inn with 48 respondents, then
the courtyard with 42 respondents. Twenty-five of the
respondents had no comments.
18. The place of boredom as deduced from the chart was
the cafeteria with 191 respondents selecting the place
as the venue where they easily got bored (see Graph
12 in Figure 15).
Results and Discussions
It is important to reiterate that, for a color study to be
successful, confounding variables such as subjects’ age,
gender, emotion, hue, brightness, saturation, light sources,
adjacent colors, contexts, and cultural factors must be
precisely controlled (Park, 2009, p. 27). In this research,
24. all questions which have graphs in Figure 2 were in this
direction and respondents responded in favor of the claim.
10 SAGE Open
Figure 15. Graphs showing respondents’ perception on space
and color.
The analysis of the research questions indicates that the
colors used for the exterior of the students’ union complex
are well combined and the colors used on the complex
whether interior or exterior reflect the purpose for which it
was built. Respondents were contented with color selection
of the student union, generally. They found the level of
different color use enough and claimed that there is no need
to use more color in the complex.
Analysis of related question as well as direct
observation shows that due to the colors used on the
complex, one gets excited on approaching the complex.
A shade of red is used extensively on the approach view
of the complex. Wright (2008) states that red grabs our
attention first, red also reflects entertainment and
excitement. Studies finding red to be more arousing than
other colors are reviewed by Kwallek et al. (1988).
Similarly, it was proposed by Faber Birren (2006) that
warm colors, such as red and yellow, increase arousal
more than cool colors, such as green and blue, also
Spence, Wong, Rusan, and Rastegar (2006) found that
25. color increased the recognition of the natural scenes by
approximately 5%.
Kurt and Osueke 11
Figure 16. The dining area of Palm Inn, light brown graffiti and
art-like images on the walls.
Analysis of the Question 6 in Table 1 showed that the
respondents were in favor of the colors of the complex
complementing the surrounding environment. Mahnke
(1996) says that in an environment there must be colors in
changing hue, saturation and brightness, colors in changing
temperatures, by this he means the use of warm and cool
colors and the complementary of the dominant color should
also be present to a certain degree. By the result and
analysis, the complex is successful in complementing the
environment by supporting Mahnke’s theory and
respondents responding in favor of the propositions put to
them. It gives a sense of belonging to the place.
Analysis of the Question 7 in Table 1 shows that
majority of respondents felt psychologically warm and
invited in Palm Inn. Colors used in the space are shades of
green, gray on the walls, and the dining furniture is black
and brown tables covered in white and black clothing.
Shades of green have a relaxing and refreshment effect.
Pure gray is the only color that has no direct psychological
properties, it is, however, quite suppressive (Wright, 2008),
and black shows coldness and efficiency, and brown is
26. similar to black but in a calmer way. But the factor of light
should be considered very effective that direct sunlight
coming from south direction through windows (see Figure
16) gives interior a warm and friendly atmosphere which is
inviting to the people.
Analysis of the Questions 8 and 9 revealed that colors
indeed have an effect on whether people feel warm, cool,
calm, invited, relaxed, or uninvited. The analysis of this
result supports the findings of the pink prison experiment
(Schauss, 1979). According to the study, when inmates
were placed in cells that were painted in bright pink color,
they became less aggressive. Majority of respondents in the
above questions agreed they felt either warm or restless in
the spaces they found themselves. Concerning the rest of
the questions, it is obvious that the students agreed that
communication was strengthened in the Break Point or
courtyard. And according to most respondents’ opinions
and reminiscence, events that took place within the complex
remained vivid in their memory. Correspondingly, Myers
(2006) claimed that previous research had shown that
moderate arousal could increase memory retention.
Analysis of the interview and open-ended questions
show that a majority of the respondents perceived the white
painted large exterior walls of Lake View cafeteria as
boring and uninteresting.
Conclusion and Recommendations
The results of this research not only support most of the
theories and results of other researchers but also reveal the
psychological properties and effects of colors on the moods
of individuals. The following recommendations have been
made based on the research findings and results:
27. 1. The need to balance complexity and unity is a major
problem faced by most designers and from the design
of the colors used for the exterior walls which make
up the interior space of the courtyard, the problem is
evident with the large surface area of the wall painted
in white.
Unity and variety are the opposite of each other. The
mark of good color arrangement is knowing where to stop
between these extremes (Kathy, 2003). From the above, we
can now understand that the white exterior wall of the Palm
Inn that links directly with the Lake View cafeteria does not
meet the requirement of balance, rather it is monotonous
and therefore a little variety in terms of color should be
thrown in to create the required balance.
2. The interior of the Lake View cafeteria that has the
large surface area of white should also receive the
same treatment suggested above.
3. As a large group of the users of the complex belong to
the age group 17 to 24, it is recommended that graffiti
art work be done on the white walls of the Lake View
as a solution to the balance effect required.
The need to know the effects of colors on moods of
individuals is very essential for architects. In most cases,
the use of appropriate and/or correct colors would increase
the functionality of that space.
Declaration of Conflicting Interests
The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with
respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this
article.
28. Funding
The author(s) received no financial support for the research
and/or
authorship of this article.
12 SAGE Open
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Author Biographies
Sevinc Kurt, associate professor, graduated from METU
(Middle
East Technical University). She is the head of Department of
Interior Design in Cyprus International University in Cyprus.
Kelechi Kingsley Osueke completed his master’s degree from
the
Department of Architecture, Institute of Fine Arts at Cyprus
International University, Nicosia, Cyprus. He currently works at
Berkeley Baines Ltd, Abuja, Nigeria.