Giving the current trend to combine the advantages of Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs) with the Cloud Computing technology, this work proposes a set of specifications, based on the Unified Modeling Language - UML, in order to provide the general framework for the design of the integration of said components. One of the keys of the integration is the architecture of the WSAN, due to its structural relationship with the Cloud in the definition of the combination. Regarding the standard applied in the integration, UML and its subset, Systems Modeling Language - SysML , are proposed by the Object Management Group - OMG to deal with cloud applications; so, this indicates the starting point of the process of the design of specifications for WSAN-Cloud Integration. Based on the current state of UML tools for analysis and design, there are several aspects to take into account in order to define the integration process.
CLOUD COMPUTING: A NEW VISION OF THE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM cscpconf
Cloud computing is a new emerging system which offers information technologies via Internet. Clients use services they need when they need and at the place they want and pay only for what they have consumed. So, cloud computing offers many advantages especially for business. A deep study and understanding of this emerging system and the inherent components help a lot in identifying what should we do in order to improve its performance. In this work, we present first cloud computing and its components then we describe an idea which attempts to optimize the management of cloud computing system that are composed of many data centers.
Mobile Fog: A Programming Model for Large–Scale Applications on the Internet ...HarshitParkar6677
creating a new environment, namely the Internet of Things
(IoT), that enables a wide range of future Internet applications.
In this work, we present Mobile Fog, a high level
programming model for future Internet applications that are
geospatially distributed, large–scale, and latency–sensitive.
We analyze use cases for the programming model with camera
network and connected vehicle applications to show the
efficacy of Mobile Fog. We also evaluate application performance
through simulation.
A service-oriented cloud modeling method and process IJECEIAES
The transition of software development from web to cloud has been accelerated. The development of cloud services requires a modeling method that reflects the characteristics of cloud including personalized service, resource sharing service, grouped and distributed services, and crossplatform operability. This study aimed to suggest a method of developing UML-based cloud services suitable for the characteristics of cloud services. A cl oud service metamodel was defined using cloud applications’ characteristic modeling elements, and after that, how these cloud modeling elements are expressed into UML modeling elements was defined with an integrated metamodel between cloud and UML. By applying this hierarchical cloud metamodel, an MDA and MVC-based service-oriented cloud modeling process was established. By doing so, it will be possible to easily design services (applications) and solutions that are suitable for cloud computing environments, and in particular, to create hierarchical reuse models by the level of the abstraction of model-driven development.
The cloud ecosystem for the enterprise: Comparative analysis of the leading c...Skender Kollcaku
Innovations are necessary to ride the inevitable tide of change.
In this analysi I try to make clear evidence of what could be the next paradigms in the Cloud-based organizations. In my research I tend to obtain a wider view of what is the current environment in the business core, what enables the IT transformation, why this process is natural and reflects immediate necessity in recent times (see chapter 1: It takes an ecosystem).
Three business archetypes.
I identify the possible future roles inside an organization who custody the abilities or hidden ambitions to evolve or adopt sooner the Cloud Computing model to add business value.
Trying to answer the question “Why the need for Cloud Computing?” brought me to consider three different types of cloud application: cloud in Public Administration, in educational field (E-Learning) and in my personal experience in my job (cloud integration between two platforms). These three successful adoptions of cloud model make us think about how to improve services and invent new ones.
Future paradigms (flash disks, Big Data and cloud-based streaming services, combined with the almost infinite resources of cloud providers (in terms of shared datacenters, memory and speed processing), lead the tendencies to the next evolution step: web-based and multi-platform applications. This technology-oriented achievement will reveal shifting behaviours in users and organizations and their dynamically changing needs.
Cloud providers (I analyse in the last two chapters Amazon, Google, IBM and Microsoft) will continue to take part into a competition of most convenient tech offerings, but this should not be the main attraction point when talking about cloud models.
The focal point is how cloud computing will determine new models of organizations and what areas are going to develop by introducing cloud in their strategic operations and future investments.
That is challenging!
Cloud middleware and services-a systematic mapping reviewjournalBEEI
Cloud computing currently plays a crucial role in the delivery of vital information technology services. A unique aspect of cloud computing is the cloud middleware and other related entities that support applications and networks. A specific field of research may be considered, particularly as regards cloud middleware and services at all levels, and thus needs analysis and paper surveys to elucidate possible study limitations. The purpose of this paper is to perform a systematic mapping for studies that capture cloud computing middleware, stacks, tools and services. The methodology adopted for this study is a systematic mapping review. The results showed that more papers on the contribution facet were published with tool, model, method and process having 18.10%, 13.79%, 6.03% and 8.62% respectively. In addition, in terms of tool, evaluation and solution research had the largest number of articles with 14.17% and 26.77% respectively. A striking feature of the systemic map is the high number of articles in solution research with respect to all aspects of the features applied in the studies. This study showed clearly that there are gaps in cloud computing middleware and delivery services that would interest researchers and industry professionals desirous of research in this area.
Swiftly increasing demand of computational
calculations in the process of business, transferring of files
under certain protocols and data centers force to develop an
emerging technology cater to the services for computational
need, highly manageable and secure storage. To fulfill these
technological desires cloud computing is the best answer by
introducing various sorts of service platforms in high
computational environment. Cloud computing is the most
recent paradigm promising to turn around the vision of
“computing utilities” into reality. The term “cloud
computing” is relatively new, there is no universal agreement
on this definition. In this paper, we go through with different
area of expertise of research and novelty in cloud computing
domain and its usefulness in the genre of management. Even
though the cloud computing provides many distinguished
features, it still has certain sorts of short comings amidst with
comparatively high cost for both private and public clouds. It
is the way of congregating amasses of information and
resources stored in personal computers and other gadgets
and further putting them on the public cloud for serving
users. Resource management in a cloud environment is a
hard problem, due to the scale of modern data centers, their
interdependencies along with the range of objectives of the
different actors in a cloud ecosystem. Cloud computing is
turning to be one of the most explosively expanding
technologies in the computing industry in this era. It
authorizes the users to transfer their data and computation to
remote location with minimal impact on system performance.
With the evolution of virtualization technology, cloud
computing has been emerged to be distributed systematically
or strategically on full basis. The idea of cloud computing has
not only restored the field of distributed systems but also
fundamentally changed how business utilizes computing
today. Resource management in cloud computing is in fact a
typical problem which is due to the scale of modern data
centers, the variety of resource types and their inter
dependencies, unpredictability of load along with the range of
objectives of the different actors in a cloud ecosystem.
CLOUD COMPUTING: A NEW VISION OF THE DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM cscpconf
Cloud computing is a new emerging system which offers information technologies via Internet. Clients use services they need when they need and at the place they want and pay only for what they have consumed. So, cloud computing offers many advantages especially for business. A deep study and understanding of this emerging system and the inherent components help a lot in identifying what should we do in order to improve its performance. In this work, we present first cloud computing and its components then we describe an idea which attempts to optimize the management of cloud computing system that are composed of many data centers.
Mobile Fog: A Programming Model for Large–Scale Applications on the Internet ...HarshitParkar6677
creating a new environment, namely the Internet of Things
(IoT), that enables a wide range of future Internet applications.
In this work, we present Mobile Fog, a high level
programming model for future Internet applications that are
geospatially distributed, large–scale, and latency–sensitive.
We analyze use cases for the programming model with camera
network and connected vehicle applications to show the
efficacy of Mobile Fog. We also evaluate application performance
through simulation.
A service-oriented cloud modeling method and process IJECEIAES
The transition of software development from web to cloud has been accelerated. The development of cloud services requires a modeling method that reflects the characteristics of cloud including personalized service, resource sharing service, grouped and distributed services, and crossplatform operability. This study aimed to suggest a method of developing UML-based cloud services suitable for the characteristics of cloud services. A cl oud service metamodel was defined using cloud applications’ characteristic modeling elements, and after that, how these cloud modeling elements are expressed into UML modeling elements was defined with an integrated metamodel between cloud and UML. By applying this hierarchical cloud metamodel, an MDA and MVC-based service-oriented cloud modeling process was established. By doing so, it will be possible to easily design services (applications) and solutions that are suitable for cloud computing environments, and in particular, to create hierarchical reuse models by the level of the abstraction of model-driven development.
The cloud ecosystem for the enterprise: Comparative analysis of the leading c...Skender Kollcaku
Innovations are necessary to ride the inevitable tide of change.
In this analysi I try to make clear evidence of what could be the next paradigms in the Cloud-based organizations. In my research I tend to obtain a wider view of what is the current environment in the business core, what enables the IT transformation, why this process is natural and reflects immediate necessity in recent times (see chapter 1: It takes an ecosystem).
Three business archetypes.
I identify the possible future roles inside an organization who custody the abilities or hidden ambitions to evolve or adopt sooner the Cloud Computing model to add business value.
Trying to answer the question “Why the need for Cloud Computing?” brought me to consider three different types of cloud application: cloud in Public Administration, in educational field (E-Learning) and in my personal experience in my job (cloud integration between two platforms). These three successful adoptions of cloud model make us think about how to improve services and invent new ones.
Future paradigms (flash disks, Big Data and cloud-based streaming services, combined with the almost infinite resources of cloud providers (in terms of shared datacenters, memory and speed processing), lead the tendencies to the next evolution step: web-based and multi-platform applications. This technology-oriented achievement will reveal shifting behaviours in users and organizations and their dynamically changing needs.
Cloud providers (I analyse in the last two chapters Amazon, Google, IBM and Microsoft) will continue to take part into a competition of most convenient tech offerings, but this should not be the main attraction point when talking about cloud models.
The focal point is how cloud computing will determine new models of organizations and what areas are going to develop by introducing cloud in their strategic operations and future investments.
That is challenging!
Cloud middleware and services-a systematic mapping reviewjournalBEEI
Cloud computing currently plays a crucial role in the delivery of vital information technology services. A unique aspect of cloud computing is the cloud middleware and other related entities that support applications and networks. A specific field of research may be considered, particularly as regards cloud middleware and services at all levels, and thus needs analysis and paper surveys to elucidate possible study limitations. The purpose of this paper is to perform a systematic mapping for studies that capture cloud computing middleware, stacks, tools and services. The methodology adopted for this study is a systematic mapping review. The results showed that more papers on the contribution facet were published with tool, model, method and process having 18.10%, 13.79%, 6.03% and 8.62% respectively. In addition, in terms of tool, evaluation and solution research had the largest number of articles with 14.17% and 26.77% respectively. A striking feature of the systemic map is the high number of articles in solution research with respect to all aspects of the features applied in the studies. This study showed clearly that there are gaps in cloud computing middleware and delivery services that would interest researchers and industry professionals desirous of research in this area.
Swiftly increasing demand of computational
calculations in the process of business, transferring of files
under certain protocols and data centers force to develop an
emerging technology cater to the services for computational
need, highly manageable and secure storage. To fulfill these
technological desires cloud computing is the best answer by
introducing various sorts of service platforms in high
computational environment. Cloud computing is the most
recent paradigm promising to turn around the vision of
“computing utilities” into reality. The term “cloud
computing” is relatively new, there is no universal agreement
on this definition. In this paper, we go through with different
area of expertise of research and novelty in cloud computing
domain and its usefulness in the genre of management. Even
though the cloud computing provides many distinguished
features, it still has certain sorts of short comings amidst with
comparatively high cost for both private and public clouds. It
is the way of congregating amasses of information and
resources stored in personal computers and other gadgets
and further putting them on the public cloud for serving
users. Resource management in a cloud environment is a
hard problem, due to the scale of modern data centers, their
interdependencies along with the range of objectives of the
different actors in a cloud ecosystem. Cloud computing is
turning to be one of the most explosively expanding
technologies in the computing industry in this era. It
authorizes the users to transfer their data and computation to
remote location with minimal impact on system performance.
With the evolution of virtualization technology, cloud
computing has been emerged to be distributed systematically
or strategically on full basis. The idea of cloud computing has
not only restored the field of distributed systems but also
fundamentally changed how business utilizes computing
today. Resource management in cloud computing is in fact a
typical problem which is due to the scale of modern data
centers, the variety of resource types and their inter
dependencies, unpredictability of load along with the range of
objectives of the different actors in a cloud ecosystem.
ABSTRACT
In today’s world, the swift increase of utilizing mobile services and simultaneously discovering of the cloud computing services, made the Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) selected as a wide spread technology among mobile users. Thus, the MCC incorporates the cloud computing with mobile services for achieving facilities in daily using mobile. The capability of mobile devices is limited of computation context, memory capacity, storage ability, and energy. Thus, relying on cloud computing can handle these troubles in the mobile surroundings. Cloud Computing gives computing easiness and capacity such provides availability of services from anyplace through the Internet without putting resources into new foundation, preparing, or application authorizing. Additionally, Cloud Computing is an approach to expand the limitations or increasing the abilities dynamically. The primary favourable position of Cloud Computing is that clients just use what they require and pay for what they truly utilize. Mobile cloud computing is a form for various services, where a mobile gadget is able to utilize the cloud for data saving, seeking, information mining, and multimedia preparing. Cloud computing innovation is also causes many new complications in side of safety and gets to direct when users store significant information with cloud servers. As the clients never again have physical ownership of the outsourced information, makes the information trustworthiness, security, and authenticity insurance in Cloud Computing is extremely difficult and conceivably troublesome undertaking. In MCC environments, it is hard to find a paper embracing most of the concepts and issues such as: architecture, computational offloading, challenges, security issues, authentications and so on. In this paper we discuss these concepts with presenting a review of the most recent papers in the domain of MCC.
DYNAMIC TENANT PROVISIONING AND SERVICE ORCHESTRATION IN HYBRID CLOUDijccsa
The advent of container orchestration and cloud computing, as well as associated security and compliance complexities, make it challenging for the enterprises to develop robust, secure, manageable and extendable architectures which would be applicable to the public and private cloud. The main challenges stem from the fact that on-premises, private cloud and third-party, public cloud services often have seemingly different and sometimes conflicting requirements to tenant provisioning, service deployment, security and compliance and that can lead to rather different architectures which still have a lot of commonalities but evolve independently. Understanding and bridging the functionality gaps between such architectures is highly desirable in terms of common approaches, API/SPI as well as maintainability and extendibility. The authors discuss and propose common architectural approaches to the dynamic tenant provisioning and service orchestration in public, private and hybrid clouds focusing on deployment, security, compliance, scalability and extendibility of stateful Kubernetes runtimes.
A Comparison of Cloud Execution Mechanisms Fog, Edge, and Clone Cloud Computing IJECEIAES
Cloud computing is a technology that was developed a decade ago to provide uninterrupted, scalable services to users and organizations. Cloud computing has also become an attractive feature for mobile users due to the limited features of mobile devices. The combination of cloud technologies with mobile technologies resulted in a new area of computing called mobile cloud computing. This combined technology is used to augment the resources existing in Smart devices. In recent times, Fog computing, Edge computing, and Clone Cloud computing techniques have become the latest trends after mobile cloud computing, which have all been developed to address the limitations in cloud computing. This paper reviews these recent technologies in detail and provides a comparative study of them. It also addresses the differences in these technologies and how each of them is effective for organizations and developers.
Cloud computing is a technological paradigm that enables the consumer to enjoy the benefits of computing
services and applications without necessarily worrying about the investment and maintenance costs. This paper focuses on
the applicability of a new fully homomorphic encryption scheme (FHE) in solving data security in cloud computing. Different types
of existing homomorphic encryption schemes, including both partial and fully homomorphic encryption schemes are reviewed. The
study was aimed at constructing a fully homomorphic encryption scheme that lessens the computational strain on the computing
assets as compared to Gentry’s contribution on partial homomorphic encryption schemes where he constructed homomorphic
encryption based on ideal lattices using both additive and multiplicative Homomorphisms. In this study both addition and
composition operations implementing a fully homomorphic encryption scheme that secures data within cloud computing is used. The
work is founded on mathematical theory that is translated into an algorithm implementable in JAVA. The work was tested by a single
computing hardware to ascertain its suitability. The newly developed FHE scheme posted better results that confirmed its suitability
for data security in cloud computing.
Cloud computing performance evaluation issues and challenges3ijccsa
Cloud Computing makes the dream of computin
g real as a tool and in the form of service. This internet
-
based ongoing technology which has brought flexibility, capacity and power of processing has realized
service
-
oriented idea and has created a new ecosystem in the computing world with its great p
ower and
benefits. Cloud capabilities have been able to move IT industry one step forward. Nowadays, large and
famous enterprise have resorted to cloud computing and have transferred their processing and storage to
it. Due to popularity and progress of clo
ud in different organizations, cloud performance evaluation is of
special importance and this evaluation can help users make right decisions.
In
this paper
,
we
provide an
overall perspective on cloud evaluation criteria and highlight it with help of simula
tion.
For this purpose,
we present different major factors in cloud computing performance and we analyze and evaluate cloud
performance in various scenarios considering these factors.
PATTERN-BASED AND REUSE-DRIVEN ARCHITECTING OF MOBILE CLOUD SOFTWAREijseajournal
Context: Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) represents the state-of-the-art technology that unifies mobile computing and cloud computing to develop systems that are portable yet resource sufficient. Mobile computing allows portable communication and context-aware computation, however, due to the energy and resource constraints mobile computing lacks performance for computationally intensive tasks. Cloud computing model uses the ‘as a service’ model - providing hardware and software services - to offer virtually unlimited storage and processing resources. The integration of mobile and cloud computing has given rise to the MCC systems that are portable, context-aware and resource sufficient.
Challenges and Solution: To develop the MCC systems, some recurring challenges such as connectivity, context-awareness, portability and security must be addressed during the system design and architecting process. One way to address these challenges is to use the best practices and repeatable solutions to design and architect the MCC systems. In this research, we aim to utilise the empirically discovered patterns that support reusable design knowledge for architecture-driven development of the MCC systems. We follow a three-step process to empirically discover, document and apply patterns for architecting mobile cloud systems. Specifically, we have discovered three patterns as generic and reusable solutions for MCC systems. We demonstrate the applicability of the patterns based on a case study for architecture-centric development of the MCC patterns. The propose research aims to advance the state-of-the-art on reusable and knowledge-driven architecting of the MCC systems.
ADVANCES IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE SHARING AND CLOUD SERVICES FOR KSAIJCSES Journal
Cloud represents an important change in the way information technology is used. Cloud makes it possible
to access work anywhere anytime and to share it with anyone [1]. It is changing the way people
communicate, work and learn [2]. In this changing environment, it is important to think about the
opportunities and risks of using the cloud in the education field, and the lessons we can learn from the
previous uses of this technology in the education field. In order to gain the benefits of the cloud to be used
in educational system in KSA, a comprehensive study on scientific literatures in this paper. This paper also
presents the significant information such as the findings, the case studies, related frameworks and
supporting also the tools associated to the migration of organizational resources to cloud
A SCRUTINY TO ATTACK ISSUES AND SECURITY CHALLENGES IN CLOUD COMPUTINGijasa
Cloud computing is an anthology in which one or more computers are connected in a network. Cloud computing is a cluster of lattice computing, autonomic computing and utility computing. Cloud provides an on demand services to the users. Many numbers of users access the cloud to utilize the cloud resources. The security is one the major problem in cloud computing. Hence security is a major issue in cloud computing. Providing security is a major requirement of cloud computing. The study enclose all the security issues and attack issues in cloud computing.
Providing a multi-objective scheduling tasks by Using PSO algorithm for cost ...Editor IJCATR
This article is intended to use the multi-PSO algorithm for scheduling tasks for cost management in cloud computing. This means that
any migration costs due to supply failure consider as a one objective and each task is a little particle and recognize by use of the
appropriate fitness schedule function (how the particles arrangement) that cost at least amount of total expense. In addition to, the weight
is granted to the each expenditure that reflects the importance of cost. The data which is used to simulate proposed method are series of
academic and research data that are prepared from the Internet and MATLAB software is used for simulation. We simulate two issues,
in the first issue, consider four task by four vehicles and divide tasks. In the second issue, make the issue more complicated and consider
six tasks by four vehicles. We write PSO's output for each two issues of various iterations. Finally, the particles dispersion and as well
as the output of the cost function were computed for each pa
MCCVA: A NEW APPROACH USING SVM AND KMEANS FOR LOAD BALANCING ON CLOUDijccsa
Nowadays, the demand of using resources, using services via the intranet system or on the Internet is rapidly growing. The respective problem coming is how to use these resources effectively in terms of time and quality. Therefore, the network QoS and its economy are people concerns, cloud computing was born in an inevitable trend. However, managing resources and scheduling tasks in virtualized data centres on the cloud are challenging tasks. Currently, there are a lot of Load Balancing algorithms applied in clouds and proposed by many authors, scholars, and experts. These existing methods are more about natural and heuristic, but the application of AI, or modern datamining technologies, in load balancing is not too popular due to the different characteristics of cloud. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to reduce the processing time (makespan) on cloud computing, helping the load balancing work more efficiency. Here, we use the SVM algorithm to classify the coming Requests, K - Mean to cluster the VMs in cloud, then the LB will allocate the requests into the VMs in the most reasonable way. In this way, request with the least processing time will be allocated to the VMs with the lowest usage. We name this new proposal as MCCVA - Makespan Classification & Clustering VM Algorithm. We have experimented and evaluated this algorithm in CloudSim, a cloud simulation environment, we obtained better results than some other wellknown algorithms. With this MCCVA, we can see the big potential of AI and datamining in Load Balancing, we can further develop LB with AI to achieve better and better results of QoS.
Cloud computing is an internet-based computing technology, where shared re-sources
such as software, platform, storage and information are provided to customers on demand.
Cloud computing is a computing platform for sharing resources that include infrastructures,
software, applications, and business processes. The exact definition of cloud computing is A
large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a
pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically scalable, managed computing power, storage,
platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet .
Agent based Aggregation of Cloud Services- A Research Agendaidescitation
-Cloud computing has come to the forefront as it
overcomes some of the issues in computing such as storage
space and processing power. It enables ubiquitous accessing
and processing of information without the need of excessive
computing facilities. In this work, we plan to brief some of the
issues in aggregating the cloud services, discovering futuristic
cloud service requests, develop a repository of the same and
propose an agent based Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning
system for cloud clients.
ABSTRACT
In today’s world, the swift increase of utilizing mobile services and simultaneously discovering of the cloud computing services, made the Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) selected as a wide spread technology among mobile users. Thus, the MCC incorporates the cloud computing with mobile services for achieving facilities in daily using mobile. The capability of mobile devices is limited of computation context, memory capacity, storage ability, and energy. Thus, relying on cloud computing can handle these troubles in the mobile surroundings. Cloud Computing gives computing easiness and capacity such provides availability of services from anyplace through the Internet without putting resources into new foundation, preparing, or application authorizing. Additionally, Cloud Computing is an approach to expand the limitations or increasing the abilities dynamically. The primary favourable position of Cloud Computing is that clients just use what they require and pay for what they truly utilize. Mobile cloud computing is a form for various services, where a mobile gadget is able to utilize the cloud for data saving, seeking, information mining, and multimedia preparing. Cloud computing innovation is also causes many new complications in side of safety and gets to direct when users store significant information with cloud servers. As the clients never again have physical ownership of the outsourced information, makes the information trustworthiness, security, and authenticity insurance in Cloud Computing is extremely difficult and conceivably troublesome undertaking. In MCC environments, it is hard to find a paper embracing most of the concepts and issues such as: architecture, computational offloading, challenges, security issues, authentications and so on. In this paper we discuss these concepts with presenting a review of the most recent papers in the domain of MCC.
DYNAMIC TENANT PROVISIONING AND SERVICE ORCHESTRATION IN HYBRID CLOUDijccsa
The advent of container orchestration and cloud computing, as well as associated security and compliance complexities, make it challenging for the enterprises to develop robust, secure, manageable and extendable architectures which would be applicable to the public and private cloud. The main challenges stem from the fact that on-premises, private cloud and third-party, public cloud services often have seemingly different and sometimes conflicting requirements to tenant provisioning, service deployment, security and compliance and that can lead to rather different architectures which still have a lot of commonalities but evolve independently. Understanding and bridging the functionality gaps between such architectures is highly desirable in terms of common approaches, API/SPI as well as maintainability and extendibility. The authors discuss and propose common architectural approaches to the dynamic tenant provisioning and service orchestration in public, private and hybrid clouds focusing on deployment, security, compliance, scalability and extendibility of stateful Kubernetes runtimes.
A Comparison of Cloud Execution Mechanisms Fog, Edge, and Clone Cloud Computing IJECEIAES
Cloud computing is a technology that was developed a decade ago to provide uninterrupted, scalable services to users and organizations. Cloud computing has also become an attractive feature for mobile users due to the limited features of mobile devices. The combination of cloud technologies with mobile technologies resulted in a new area of computing called mobile cloud computing. This combined technology is used to augment the resources existing in Smart devices. In recent times, Fog computing, Edge computing, and Clone Cloud computing techniques have become the latest trends after mobile cloud computing, which have all been developed to address the limitations in cloud computing. This paper reviews these recent technologies in detail and provides a comparative study of them. It also addresses the differences in these technologies and how each of them is effective for organizations and developers.
Cloud computing is a technological paradigm that enables the consumer to enjoy the benefits of computing
services and applications without necessarily worrying about the investment and maintenance costs. This paper focuses on
the applicability of a new fully homomorphic encryption scheme (FHE) in solving data security in cloud computing. Different types
of existing homomorphic encryption schemes, including both partial and fully homomorphic encryption schemes are reviewed. The
study was aimed at constructing a fully homomorphic encryption scheme that lessens the computational strain on the computing
assets as compared to Gentry’s contribution on partial homomorphic encryption schemes where he constructed homomorphic
encryption based on ideal lattices using both additive and multiplicative Homomorphisms. In this study both addition and
composition operations implementing a fully homomorphic encryption scheme that secures data within cloud computing is used. The
work is founded on mathematical theory that is translated into an algorithm implementable in JAVA. The work was tested by a single
computing hardware to ascertain its suitability. The newly developed FHE scheme posted better results that confirmed its suitability
for data security in cloud computing.
Cloud computing performance evaluation issues and challenges3ijccsa
Cloud Computing makes the dream of computin
g real as a tool and in the form of service. This internet
-
based ongoing technology which has brought flexibility, capacity and power of processing has realized
service
-
oriented idea and has created a new ecosystem in the computing world with its great p
ower and
benefits. Cloud capabilities have been able to move IT industry one step forward. Nowadays, large and
famous enterprise have resorted to cloud computing and have transferred their processing and storage to
it. Due to popularity and progress of clo
ud in different organizations, cloud performance evaluation is of
special importance and this evaluation can help users make right decisions.
In
this paper
,
we
provide an
overall perspective on cloud evaluation criteria and highlight it with help of simula
tion.
For this purpose,
we present different major factors in cloud computing performance and we analyze and evaluate cloud
performance in various scenarios considering these factors.
PATTERN-BASED AND REUSE-DRIVEN ARCHITECTING OF MOBILE CLOUD SOFTWAREijseajournal
Context: Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) represents the state-of-the-art technology that unifies mobile computing and cloud computing to develop systems that are portable yet resource sufficient. Mobile computing allows portable communication and context-aware computation, however, due to the energy and resource constraints mobile computing lacks performance for computationally intensive tasks. Cloud computing model uses the ‘as a service’ model - providing hardware and software services - to offer virtually unlimited storage and processing resources. The integration of mobile and cloud computing has given rise to the MCC systems that are portable, context-aware and resource sufficient.
Challenges and Solution: To develop the MCC systems, some recurring challenges such as connectivity, context-awareness, portability and security must be addressed during the system design and architecting process. One way to address these challenges is to use the best practices and repeatable solutions to design and architect the MCC systems. In this research, we aim to utilise the empirically discovered patterns that support reusable design knowledge for architecture-driven development of the MCC systems. We follow a three-step process to empirically discover, document and apply patterns for architecting mobile cloud systems. Specifically, we have discovered three patterns as generic and reusable solutions for MCC systems. We demonstrate the applicability of the patterns based on a case study for architecture-centric development of the MCC patterns. The propose research aims to advance the state-of-the-art on reusable and knowledge-driven architecting of the MCC systems.
ADVANCES IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE SHARING AND CLOUD SERVICES FOR KSAIJCSES Journal
Cloud represents an important change in the way information technology is used. Cloud makes it possible
to access work anywhere anytime and to share it with anyone [1]. It is changing the way people
communicate, work and learn [2]. In this changing environment, it is important to think about the
opportunities and risks of using the cloud in the education field, and the lessons we can learn from the
previous uses of this technology in the education field. In order to gain the benefits of the cloud to be used
in educational system in KSA, a comprehensive study on scientific literatures in this paper. This paper also
presents the significant information such as the findings, the case studies, related frameworks and
supporting also the tools associated to the migration of organizational resources to cloud
A SCRUTINY TO ATTACK ISSUES AND SECURITY CHALLENGES IN CLOUD COMPUTINGijasa
Cloud computing is an anthology in which one or more computers are connected in a network. Cloud computing is a cluster of lattice computing, autonomic computing and utility computing. Cloud provides an on demand services to the users. Many numbers of users access the cloud to utilize the cloud resources. The security is one the major problem in cloud computing. Hence security is a major issue in cloud computing. Providing security is a major requirement of cloud computing. The study enclose all the security issues and attack issues in cloud computing.
Providing a multi-objective scheduling tasks by Using PSO algorithm for cost ...Editor IJCATR
This article is intended to use the multi-PSO algorithm for scheduling tasks for cost management in cloud computing. This means that
any migration costs due to supply failure consider as a one objective and each task is a little particle and recognize by use of the
appropriate fitness schedule function (how the particles arrangement) that cost at least amount of total expense. In addition to, the weight
is granted to the each expenditure that reflects the importance of cost. The data which is used to simulate proposed method are series of
academic and research data that are prepared from the Internet and MATLAB software is used for simulation. We simulate two issues,
in the first issue, consider four task by four vehicles and divide tasks. In the second issue, make the issue more complicated and consider
six tasks by four vehicles. We write PSO's output for each two issues of various iterations. Finally, the particles dispersion and as well
as the output of the cost function were computed for each pa
MCCVA: A NEW APPROACH USING SVM AND KMEANS FOR LOAD BALANCING ON CLOUDijccsa
Nowadays, the demand of using resources, using services via the intranet system or on the Internet is rapidly growing. The respective problem coming is how to use these resources effectively in terms of time and quality. Therefore, the network QoS and its economy are people concerns, cloud computing was born in an inevitable trend. However, managing resources and scheduling tasks in virtualized data centres on the cloud are challenging tasks. Currently, there are a lot of Load Balancing algorithms applied in clouds and proposed by many authors, scholars, and experts. These existing methods are more about natural and heuristic, but the application of AI, or modern datamining technologies, in load balancing is not too popular due to the different characteristics of cloud. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to reduce the processing time (makespan) on cloud computing, helping the load balancing work more efficiency. Here, we use the SVM algorithm to classify the coming Requests, K - Mean to cluster the VMs in cloud, then the LB will allocate the requests into the VMs in the most reasonable way. In this way, request with the least processing time will be allocated to the VMs with the lowest usage. We name this new proposal as MCCVA - Makespan Classification & Clustering VM Algorithm. We have experimented and evaluated this algorithm in CloudSim, a cloud simulation environment, we obtained better results than some other wellknown algorithms. With this MCCVA, we can see the big potential of AI and datamining in Load Balancing, we can further develop LB with AI to achieve better and better results of QoS.
Cloud computing is an internet-based computing technology, where shared re-sources
such as software, platform, storage and information are provided to customers on demand.
Cloud computing is a computing platform for sharing resources that include infrastructures,
software, applications, and business processes. The exact definition of cloud computing is A
large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a
pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically scalable, managed computing power, storage,
platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet .
Agent based Aggregation of Cloud Services- A Research Agendaidescitation
-Cloud computing has come to the forefront as it
overcomes some of the issues in computing such as storage
space and processing power. It enables ubiquitous accessing
and processing of information without the need of excessive
computing facilities. In this work, we plan to brief some of the
issues in aggregating the cloud services, discovering futuristic
cloud service requests, develop a repository of the same and
propose an agent based Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning
system for cloud clients.
Model-Driven Architecture for Cloud Applications Development, A surveyEditor IJCATR
Model Driven Architecture and Cloud computing are among the most important paradigms in software service engineering
now a days. As cloud computing continues to gain more activities, more issues and challenges for many systems with its dynamic usage
are introduced. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach for development and maintenance becomes an evident choice for ensuring
software solutions that are robust, flexible and agile for developing applications.
This paper aims to survey and analyze the research issues and challenges that have been emerging in cloud computing applications with
a focus on using Model Driven architecture (MDA) development. We discuss the open research issues and highlight future research
problems.
Model-Driven Architecture for Cloud Applications Development, A surveyEditor IJCATR
Model Driven Architecture and Cloud computing are among the most important paradigms in software service engineering
now a days. As cloud computing continues to gain more activities, more issues and challenges for many systems with its dynamic usage
are introduced. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach for development and maintenance becomes an evident choice for ensuring
software solutions that are robust, flexible and agile for developing applications.
This paper aims to survey and analyze the research issues and challenges that have been emerging in cloud computing applications with
a focus on using Model Driven architecture (MDA) development. We discuss the open research issues and highlight future research
problems.
Model-Driven Architecture for Cloud Applications Development, A survey Editor IJCATR
Model Driven Architecture and Cloud computing are among the most important paradigms in software service engineering now a days. As cloud computing continues to gain more activities, more issues and challenges for many systems with its dynamic usage are introduced. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach for development and maintenance becomes an evident choice for ensuring software solutions that are robust, flexible and agile for developing applications.
This paper aims to survey and analyze the research issues and challenges that have been emerging in cloud computing applications with a focus on using Model Driven architecture (MDA) development. We discuss the open research issues and highlight future research problems.
Cobe framework cloud ontology blackboard environment for enhancing discovery ...ijccsa
The new relatively concept of cloud computing & its associated methodologies has many advantages in the
world of today. Such advantages range between providing solutions for integration of the miscellaneous
systems & presenting as well guarantees for distribution of searching means & integration of software
tools which are used by consumers & different providers. In this paper, we have constructed an ontologybased
cloud framework with a view to identifying its external agent’s interoperability. The proposed
framework has been designed using the blackboard design style. This framework is composed of mainly
two components: controller and cloud ontology blackboard environment. The function of the controller is
to interact with consumers after receipt of the subject request where it spontaneously uses the ontology
base to distribute it & constitute the required related responses whereas the function of the second
framework component is to interact with different cloud providers and systems, using the meta-ontology
framework to restructure data via using AI reasoning tools and map them to its corresponding
redistributed request. Finally, E-tourism case study can be applicable will be explored.
The concept of Genetic algorithm is specifically useful in load balancing for best virtual
machines distribution across servers. In this paper, we focus on load balancing and also on
efficient use of resources to reduce the energy consumption without degrading cloud
performance. Cloud computing is an on demand service in which shared resources, information,
software and other devices are provided according to the clients requirement at specific time. It‟s
a term which is generally used in case of Internet. The whole Internet can be viewed as a cloud.
Capital and operational costs can be cut using cloud computing. Cloud computing is defined as a
large scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economics of scale in which a pool
of abstracted virtualized dynamically scalable , managed computing power ,storage , platforms
and services are delivered on demand to external customer over the internet. cloud computing is
a recent field in the computational intelligence techniques which aims at surmounting the
computational complexity and provides dynamically services using very large scalable and
virtualized resources over the Internet. It is defined as a distributed system containing a
collection of computing and communication resources located in distributed data enters which
are shared by several end users. It has widely been adopted by the industry, though there are
many existing issues like Load Balancing, Virtual Machine Migration, Server Consolidation,
Energy Management, etc.
Locality Sim : Cloud Simulator with Data Localityneirew J
Cloud Computing (CC) is a model for enabling on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources. Testing and evaluating the performance of the cloud environment for allocating,
provisioning, scheduling, and data allocation policy have great attention to be achieved. Therefore, using
cloud simulator would save time and money, and provide a flexible environment to evaluate new research
work. Unfortunately, the current simulators (e.g., CloudSim, NetworkCloudSim, GreenCloud, etc..) deal
with the data as for size only without any consideration about the data allocation policy and locality. On
the other hand, the NetworkCloudSim simulator is considered one of the most common used simulators
because it includes different modules which support needed functions to a simulated cloud environment,
and it could be extended to include new extra modules. According to work in this paper, the
NetworkCloudSim simulator has been extended and modified to support data locality. The modified
simulator is called LocalitySim. The accuracy of the proposed LocalitySim simulator has been proved by
building a mathematical model. Also, the proposed simulator has been used to test the performance of the
three-tire data center as a case study with considering the data locality feature.
LOCALITY SIM: CLOUD SIMULATOR WITH DATA LOCALITY ijccsa
Cloud Computing (CC) is a model for enabling on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources. Testing and evaluating the performance of the cloud environment for allocating, provisioning, scheduling, and data allocation policy have great attention to be achieved. Therefore, using cloud simulator would save time and money, and provide a flexible environment to evaluate new research
work. Unfortunately, the current simulators (e.g., CloudSim, NetworkCloudSim, GreenCloud, etc..) deal with the data as for size only without any consideration about the data allocation policy and locality. On the other hand, the NetworkCloudSim simulator is considered one of the most common used simulators because it includes different modules which support needed functions to a simulated cloud environment,
and it could be extended to include new extra modules. According to work in this paper, the NetworkCloudSim simulator has been extended and modified to support data locality. The modified simulator is called LocalitySim. The accuracy of the proposed LocalitySim simulator has been proved by building a mathematical model. Also, the proposed simulator has been used to test the performance of the
three-tire data center as a case study with considering the data locality feature
Evaluation of load balancing approaches for Erlang concurrent application in ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Cloud system accommodates the computing environment including PaaS (platform as a service), SaaS (software as a service), and IaaS (infrastructure as service) that enables the services of cloud systems. Cloud system allows multiple users to employ computing services through browsers, which reflects an alternative service model that alters the local computing workload to a distant site. Cloud virtualization is another characteristic of the clouds that deliver virtual computing services and imitate the functionality of physical computing resources. It refers to an elastic load balancing management that provides the flexible model of on-demand services. The virtualization allows organizations to improve high levels of reliability, accessibility, and scalability by having a capability to execute applications on multiple resources simultaneously. In this paper we use a queuing model to consider a flexible load balancing and evaluate performance metrics such as mean queue length, throughput, mean waiting time, utilization, and mean traversal time. The model is aware of the arrival of concurrent applications with an Erlang distribution. Simulation results regarding performance metrics are investigated. Results point out that in Cloud systems both the fairness and load balancing are to be significantly considered.
General Methodology for developing UML models from UIijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may
be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine
as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several
disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines.
Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature.
Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In
Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life
Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for
predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for
developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is
illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.
General Methodology for developing UML models from UI ijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines.
Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life
Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.
General Methodology for developing UML models from UIijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.
General Methodology for developing UML models from UIijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.
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WiSANCloud: a set of UML-based specifications for the integration of Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs) with the Cloud Computing
1. WiSANCloud: a set of UML-based specifications for the
integration of Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs) with
the Cloud Computing
Priscill Orue-Esquivel, Bartolomé Rubio
Languages and Computer Science Dept.
University of Málaga
Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 35. 29071
Málaga, Spain
priscill_orue@alu:uma:es, tolo@lcc:uma:es
June 21, 2013
Abstract
Giving the current trend to combine the advantages of Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs)
with the Cloud Computing technology, this work proposes a set of specifications, based on the Unified
Modeling Language - UML, in order to provide the general framework for the design of the integration of
said components. One of the keys of the integration is the architecture of the WSAN, due to its structural
relationship with the Cloud in the definition of the combination. Regarding the standard applied in the
integration, UML and its subset, Systems Modeling Language - SysML , are proposed by the Object
Management Group - OMGR
to deal with cloud applications; so, this indicates the starting point of
the process of the design of specifications for WSAN-Cloud integration. Based on the current state of
UML tools for analysis and design, there are several aspects to take into account in order to define the
integration process.
Keywords: Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs), Unified Modeling Language (UML),
Cloud Computing (CC), WSANs and CC integration
1 Introduction
Cloud Computing contains applications “exposed as sophisticated services that can be accessed over a net-work”
[6]. For this reason, its advantages are used in combination with other automated systems like WSANs
(Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks). The integration of WSANs with the Cloud Computing has gained
attention due to the benefits of their structural relation. The Cloud provides scalability in terms of process-ing
power and different types of interconnected services while WSANs contain various nodes in charge of
capturing and performing a local pre-processing of data.
Based on the review of the state-of-the-art about the WSAN-Cloud Computing integration, there is not a
definite model for the processes of analysis and design of the said integration. One of the reasons is because
the Cloud per se lacks standards for the interoperability among service providers, consumers and developers
[4].
Of the various paradigms and approaches for analysis and design of systems, the Unified Modeling
Language (UML) is one of the most studied ones for the Cloud environment, as Drusinsky et al [14] and
Kurschl and Beer [10] show in their research. As a result, the main motivation of this work is to contribute
Corresponding author. Phone number: +595 972 646131
1
2. a set of specifications that might be applicable to the integration of WSANs with the Cloud Computing,
using UML as a basic standard.
As an initial step, Cloud Computing and WSANs are studied separately from the perspective of the
processes of analysis and design of applications. Following, there is a reflection upon the selection of UML
as the basic standard of this work. As a final section of the theoretical framework, there is a step-by-step
analysis demonstrating the lag of the software engineering process of WSAN-Cloud integration. For the
contribution section, there are separate studies of how the Cloud and the WSANs focus the processes of
analysis and design. Next, the relevant aspects of each component are taken and combined to propose the
specifications for the integration. As a practical demonstration, an example of integration design process is
performed. Finally, several conclusions related to the work - considering the methods and the tools - are
presented at the end of this report.
2 Theoretical Fundamentals and Related Work
This section is intended to offer a review about the theoretical basis of the work. It is divided into three
sub-sections. It starts with the descriptions of the situation of Cloud Computing and the Wireless Sensor
and Actor Networks (WSANs, in order to define the aspects related to engineering processes (analysis,
design and development) within the Cloud. As the final part of this section, the Unified Modeling Language
(UML) is studied to identify the elements that could be applied in the set of specifications for WSANs-Cloud
Computing integration that is going to be defined afterwards.
2.1 Cloud Computing (CC): application development state-of-the-art
Cloud Computing is an emerging technology that provides “on-demand computational capacity as a service”
[15]. This section aims to describe the state-of-the-art of how applications are developed with this approach.
First, the processes of analysis, design and development within the Cloud are analyzed. Then, a brief
discussion of the current state and challenges for the development of Cloud applications is included.
2.1.1 Analysis, design and development of applications within the Cloud
The Cloud Standards Wiki [13] comprises the efforts to standardize the work related to Cloud Computing.
There are several institutions contributing with standards from different areas within the Cloud. These
institutions and their areas of work are summarized in the Table 1.
The most relevant effort for this work is the one from the Object Management Group (OMG)R
. OMGR
offers SysML -a subset of UML- as a tool for modeling within the Cloud. According to the OMGR
, SysML
“is a general-purpose graphical modeling language for specifying, analyzing, designing, and verifying com-plex
systems that may include hardware, software, information, personnel, procedures, and facilities” [12].
Therefore, this tool appears to be a promising one that would help to reach the goals of this work.
However, when reviewing the SysML specifications, there is no direct relationship with the Cloud. This
implies that The Cloud Standards Wiki [13] contemplates SysML as an alternative for analysis and design in
the Cloud context, but the modeling tool is not directly related to the Cloud. Thus, there is a unidirectional
relationship. In brief, the processes of analysis, design and development of applications within the Cloud
are not overtly defined in terms of specifications or standards, but there is a tentative standard that can be
reused for the purposes of this work.
2.1.2 Current state and its challenges for application development
Armbrust et al [3] summarizes the current state and the challenges offered by the Cloud Computing in
Figure 1. The first obstacle-opportunity can be handled by having multiple Cloud Computing providers.
“One solution would be to standardize the APIs in such a way that a SaaS developer could deploy services
and data across multiple cloud computing providers so that the failure of a single company would not take
2
3. Organization Contribution
Cloud Security Alliance Promotes “the use of best practices for providing security assur-ance
within Cloud Computing, and provide education on the uses
of Cloud Computing to help secure all other forms of computing”
Cloud Standards Customer Council End user advocacy group that is dedicated to accelerate the
“cloud’s successful adoption, and drilling down into the standards,
security and interoperability issues surrounding the transition to
the cloud.”
Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) Focused on “standardizing interactions between cloud environ-ments
by developing cloud management use cases, architectures
and interactions.”
European Telecommunications Standards In-stitute
(ETSI)
Aims to “address issues associated with the convergence between
IT (Information Technology) and Telecommunications”
National Institute of Standards and Technol-ogy
(NIST)
Working on the definition of Cloud Computing
Open Grid Forum (OGF) A organization that develops standards “operating in the areas of
grid, cloud and related forms of advanced distributed computing.”
Object Management Group (OMG)R
Focuses “on modeling, and the first specific cloud-related speci-fication
efforts have only just begun, focusing on modeling de-ployment
of applications and services on clouds for portability,
interoperability and reuse.” The most important specification re-lated
to the Cloud is SysML, which will be later discussed in this
work.
Open Cloud Consortium (OCC) It has a particular focus in large data clouds
Organization for the Advancement of Struc-tured
Information Standards (OASIS)
Leads the “development, convergence and adoption of open stan-dards
for the global information society.” Most of its foundational
standards are a natural extension of SOA and network manage-ment
models.
Storage Networking Industry Association
(SNIA)
Originated “the Cloud Storage Technical Work Group for the pur-pose
of developing SNIA Architecture related to system implemen-tations
of Cloud Storage technology”
Cloud Work Group Focuses on creating “a common understanding among buyers and
suppliers of how enterprises of all sizes and scales of operation can
include Cloud Computing technology in a safe and secure way in
their architectures to realize its significant cost, scalability and
agility benefits”
Association for Retail Technology Standards
(ARTS)
They work on the usage of the Cloud for retailers
TM Forum Helps enterprises to adopt and use digital information services for
business effectiveness
Table 1: Summary of organizations working on Cloud standards [13]
3
4. all copies of customer data with it.” On the other hand, the responsibility for security is shared by many
parties; and developers have to check their applications comply with security standards [3].
Aoun et al [2] proposes the term “resource abstraction” to facilitate management of Cloud resources
applying “heterogeneity, scalability, and confidentiality issues that impact, in general, the sharing and renting
of distributed resources”. With this approach, Third-Party Service Providers (TPSPs) can hide the details of
their resources through the summarization of physical resource information. Moreover, resource abstraction
includes “mechanisms to represent, advertise and rent out their available resources in a uniform and scalable
manner”. This abstraction refers to network and IT resources abstraction.
Figure 1: Obstacles and opportunities for Cloud Computing growth [3]
Tao et al [15] claims that “Cloud technology is currently still in the development phase. Many issues,
like data security and monitoring, are still not considered or have to be improved.” For these reasons, plus
the ones described by Armbrust [3], the current situation of the Cloud is defined by the presence of various
standards aiming to reach a consensus on several aspects. The main challenge, however, is to define a specific
standard for application development.
2.2 Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs): current situation of appli-cation
development
Wireless Sensor and Actor -sometimes referred to as “actuators” in the literature- Networks are capable of “ob-serving
the physical world, processing the data, making decisions based on the observations and performing
appropriate actions”. This section introduces several concepts related to WSANs. In the beginning, a com-prehensive
analysis of the structure and operation of WSANs is performed. Then, the contexts of WSANs’
applications are presented, with a strong emphasis with Cloud Computing integration. Finally, there is a
description of the current situation of the processes of analysis, design and development of applications with
WSANs.
2.2.1 Operation and structure of WSANs
There are two important roles in a WSAN: sensor and actor. A WSAN collects data from the environment
where it is inserted and then performs appropriate actions taking into account the collected data. Like Figure
2 shows, “these nodes are scattered in the sensor/actor field while the sink monitors the overall network and
communicates with the task manager node and sensor/actor nodes” [1].
4
5. Figure 2: The physical architecture of WSANs [1]
Sensors that detect a phenomenon can transmit their data to the actor nodes which process all incoming
data and initiate appropriate actions; this is called Automated Architecture because of the absence of a
central controller, like human interaction. Another alternative is when sensors route data back to the sink
which issues action commands to the actors in the network. In this case, the sink - acting as the central
controller - collects data and coordinates the acting process [1]. The difference is perceived in Figure 3
Figure 3: Automated and Semi-automated architecture of WSANs [1]
Sensor nodes contain a power unit, communication subsystems (receiver and transmitter), storage and
processing units, Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) and the sensing unit. The role of the sensing unit is to
monitor phenomena like thermal, optic or acoustic events. Then, “the collected analog data are converted
to digital data by ADC and then are analyzed by a processor and then transmitted to nearby actors” [7].
The controller, which is a decision unit, takes sensor readings as input and produces action commands
5
6. as output. At that point, the commands are converted to analog signals by the Digital to Analog Converter
(DAC) and are transformed into actions “via the actuation units”. There are integrated sensor/actor nodes
that can substitute actor nodes. “Since an integrated sensor/actor node is capable of both sensing and acting,
it has sensing unit and ADC in addition to all components of an actor node.” [7]. Figure 4 displays the
structure of both sensors and actors.
Figure 4: (a) Sensor and (b) Actor nodes architectures [7]
2.2.2 Analysis, design and development of applications with WSANs
The problem of the lack of consensus for the development of WSAN applications goes back to WSNs (Wireless
Sensor Networks), the predecessors of WSANs. Zhao and Guibas [19] affirm that new technological advances
bring new challenges for “information processing in sensor networks. What is needed are novel computational
representations, algorithms and protocols and design methodologies and tools to support distributed signal
processing, information storage and management, networking, and application development.”
However, several efforts have been initiated towards a model of development of WSAN applications. “The
provisioning of sensor information is seen as a basic requirement for enabling information and services that
respond to changes in context of state or being”. Current and existing research has depended mainly on the
principles of middleware solutions, which allows acquisition and dissemination of useful information [16].
From Kurschl and Beer’s experience [10], the current available tools for design and analysis have ad-vantages.
Several programming languages and different kind of devices can be put in service and easily
interconnected. “It provides a lot of flexibility in terms of programming languages and devices, but this come
with the drawback of heterogeneity, which quite often leads to more complexity.”.
In brief, there are models and strategies to perform the design and development of WSAN-based appli-cations.
From the reviewed literature, the most remarkable one is the use of middlewares. Nevertheless,
evidence of models or techniques for analysis was not found.
2.3 UML and SysML: concepts for WSAN-Cloud integration
“The major benefits of OO modeling, design and subsequent implementation are reusability, reliability,
robustness, extensibility, and maintainability” and these features are essential to keep on with WSAN-Cloud
application development. Within this context, where application development evolves in a fast pace, it is
necessary to rely on approaches like UML (Unified Modeling Language) that emphasize re-usability and
encapsulation. The main idea is to build models which constitute an architecture “with details hidden inside
shared objects exposing interfaces and methods for interaction and usage”[16].
Objects can be serialized, which is to convert them into bits for storage in file [9]. This feature makes
possible that linked architectures can construct and deliver objects where requested, protecting sensitive
6
7. information, like sensor passwords. “Such a model enables a high level of dynamic behavior; and when
coupled with an object oriented persistence,” there is a responsive and scalable solution [16].
From all the conventions within UML, the subset to be applied in this work is SysML. SysML includes
“a strongly formed, constructed set of methods, ready for serious systems engineering application” [17].
SysML provides several benefits like the inclusion of standardized and comprehensive system specification
paradigm with the usage of graphic symbols with unambiguous meaning. Moreover, it avoids the need to
normalize system definitions and, as its father UML, it allows reuse as well as it simplifies “distributed team
environments”[17]. However, like mentioned in [17], tools for SysML are still in development, even at the
time of development of this study. For this reason, particular settings applied in this proposal are explained
in detail, in order to guide the understanding of the work.
2.4 WSAN-Cloud Integration: previous studies
Regarding WSAN-Cloud integration, Kurschl and Beer [10] propose a system in which they combine two
architecture models: “1. SOA Roles in proposed Architecture; and 2. Internet and Integration Controller
interaction Architecture(IICiA) (using cloud technology)”. The sensor nodes and integration controller are
able to interact through SOA architecture. Sensor nodes constitute service providers and sink nodes as seen
as consumers the get the information through the Integration Controller.
Another method for WSAN-Cloud integration is through the Publish-Subscribe systems, proposed by
Walters [16]. These systems offer a mechanism to disseminate information where there is no need of a
priori knowledge regarding information requirements. Figure 5 shows an information source enabling an
interface for sinks to submit a subscription request. When the request is approved, the “source periodically
sends updated information to the sink based on the subscription request”. The source owner has no need to
know this in advance of the request. One point in detriment of these systems is their application in large
infrastructures due to the need of resources to handle large numbers of requests. However, there are some
approaches in [8] trying to solve this disadvantage.
Figure 5: Architecture of Publish/Subscribe systems [16]
This work is a contribution of UML-based specifications to integrate WSANs with the Cloud Computing.
Considering the literature related to the field, this is a ground-breaking work as far as it is known, because it
takes into account a systems engineering standard in order to integrate two components with similar charac-teristics
from the structural point of view. It deals with the individual features of the Cloud Computing and
WSANs, with the main goal of finding aspects that interrelate them, so as to build a schema of integration,
following a renowned standard.
2.5 Common aspects from WSANs and Cloud Computing related to analysis,
design and development of applications
This is a summary of the processes of analysis, design and development from three viewpoints: Cloud
Computing, WSANs and UML. The idea is to put in a nutshell the concepts studied in the theoretical
framework, in order to have a view of the work which will be developed.
From the summary presented in Table 2, there is a lag in the software engineering process applied in
WSANs and a proposal of a framework of analysis and design from Cloud Computing, based on UML.
Therefore, the main goal of this work is to create a link of analysis and design of applications based on the
7
8. Process /
Area
Cloud Computing WSANs UML
Analysis OMG proposes SysML as
an alternative, according
to The Cloud Standards
Wiki [13]
No proposed standards or
tools in reviewed litera-ture
The most approximate tool for the
purposes of this work is SysML as
a “a general-purpose graphical model-ing
language for specifying, analyzing,
designing, and verifying complex sys-tems
that may include hardware, soft-ware,
information, personnel, proce-dures,
and facilities” [12].
Design OMG proposes SysML as
an alternative, according
to The Cloud Standards
Wiki [13]
No proposed standards or
tools in reviewed litera-ture
The most approximate tool for the
purposes of this work is SysML as
a “a general-purpose graphical model-ing
language for specifying, analyzing,
designing, and verifying complex sys-tems
that may include hardware, soft-ware,
information, personnel, proce-dures,
and facilities” [12].
Development The Distributed Manage-ment
Task Force (DMTF)
is working on issues like
portability, cloud archi-tecture,
interfaces, man-agement
and auditing [13]
Commonly, Middlewares
are used as the basis
for application develop-ment
(Walters [16])
Not applicable
Table 2: Summary of the processes in application development based on WSAN-Cloud Integration
WSANs-Cloud integration, through the UML standard; thus, the concept of reutilization will be applied, to
avoid “reinventing the wheel”.
3 Design of specifications to integrate WSANs with the CC, con-sidering
UML
The design of specifications to integrate WSANs with the Cloud technology takes into account UML as a
basic standard for this work. The aspects to be considered are taken from the generic UML and a subset of
it called SysML (System Modeling Language). “SysML reuses a subset of UML 2 and provides additional
extensions to satisfy the requirements of the language” [12]
Therefore, this section will analyze the requirements for WSANs and Cloud Computing, both separately
and together. The steps to be followed consist in the following:
Define and describe analysis and design-related aspects about WSANs
Define and describe analysis and design-related aspects about the Cloud
Define and describe analysis and design-related aspects from WSANs and the Cloud together
Define and propose a set of specifications using UML/SysML.
3.1 Analysis and design-related aspects about the Cloud
Figure 6 shows an overview of the Cloud aspects to consider when developing an application, both for SaaS
and PaaS. As it can be seen, the nodes directly involved with the Cloud technology are: actors, resources
8
9. and standards. This means that it is crucial to analyze the entities that are going to play roles in the
infrastructure, the tools that are going to be used including which target the work will be aimed at and the
points in question to deal with usability and maintainability.
After the general overview of the aspects to deal within the Cloud, Figure 7 represents the categories to
be studied in the form of a Requirement Diagram. Being the Cloud a starting point, the whole structure
is depicted in a hierarchical form. “A composite requirement can contain subrequirements in terms of a
requirements hierarchy, specified using the UML namespace containment mechanism.” [12]
Figure 8 includes all the actors in the Cloud. Due to limitations of the modeling tool [5], it is important
to note that blocks containing the link between users, providers and services are represented as packages
that satisfy the requirements. Moreover, it is denoted that clients might not need a subscription to access
the provided services, but it is still suggested that a temporary type of subscription be created while the
provision of the service is taking place.
Regarding resources, Figure 9 details the requirements to build a Cloud. As mentioned in the theoretical
section, this work focuses in the Cloud from two viewpoints: Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), and Platform-as-
a-Service (PaaS); this is the reason why the Cloud_Service requirement is decomposed in two other
requirements. From those points of view, both, the Service_Level_Agreement and Cloud_Type_Policy
requirements are requirements that need to satisfy the two approaches, in order to have them working
properly.
Taking into account all the efforts to standardize the Cloud, which are summarized in Table 1, Figure 10
represents the general requirements to operate, model and maintain Cloud applications. Packages represent
external entities that satisfy the needs. For example, the package Telecommunication_Policy ensures that
a given cloud is interoperable and portable with other ones, as well as it guarantees scalability of the modeled
applications.
3.2 Analysis and design-related aspects about WSANs
After identifying the requirements for Cloud-based applications, this section describes the requirements for
Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs). Figure 11 denotes a general overview of WSANs’ require-ments,
both from the structural and developmental points of view. The network architecture plays an
important role when defining the pieces of the whole picture. This means that the branch development
aspects changes according to the structure of the network. However, for this work, all possible sensor-actor-controllerNode
combinations are taken into account.
From the map displayed in Figure 11, the corresponding analysis is as follows: structure and implemen-tation.
Figure 12 details the components in terms of requirements and how they are associated. For the
purposes of this analysis, the actor and sensor nodes are represented as packages, since they contain their
own specifications for their implementation.
Based on the standards listed in Table 1, node interconnection within the network is the first point in
common when comparing with the components defined in the Cloud. Telecommunication aspects also play
an important role to satisfy communication and storage needs. These aspects plus the requirements defined
in Figures 12 and 13 are taken into account for the development of WSAN-based applications.
3.3 Analysis and design-related aspects from WSANs and the Cloud together
The analysis and definition of design-related aspects of the Cloud and WSANs are used to describe the points
to deal when trying to integrate these two fields. As mentioned earlier, the first point in common between
the Cloud and the WSANs refers to communication among internal entities and also to the external world.
Therefore, the goal is to define the set of requirements to integrate WSANs to the Cloud.
Figure 14 is a synthesis of the items enumerated as requirements in previous analysis of the Cloud and
WSANs, separately. Since both entities share several attributes, the map is reorganized taking into account
two main branches: Development_aspects and Resources. In this way, what is available and what rules
have to be fulfilled are displayed as requirements.
9
11. Figure 7: Cloud Computing Requirement Diagram
Figure 8: Actors of the Cloud in a Requirement Diagram
11
12. Figure 9: Cloud Resource in a Requirement Diagram
The Development_aspects detailed in figure 15 takes into account the standards already proposed by
organizations, cloud issues that include actions and types related to the Cloud, and actions performed by
WSANs. Therefore, these aspects study the Cloud and the WSANs separately.
Regarding resources, figure 16 sketches a reorganization of all the means employed both in the Cloud and
the WSANs. There are two main types of resources: software and hardware. Here, the relevant information
deals with the WSAN architecture: depending on the architecture assumed for the integration, the relation
of Cloud roles with WSAN roles changes significantly. For this reason, two proposals of integration will
be presented: one with automatic WSANs and the other with semi-automatic WSANs. As the branch
Cloud_WSAN_Integration denotes, the integration can be carried out considering an integration model of
the components and a WSAN - Cloud users interaction, which defines the way users obtain data from the
integration.
3.4 Proposal of a set of specifications using UML/SysML
After the preliminary analysis and definition of requirements for the integration of WSANs to the Cloud,
this section goes deeper and proposes a set of specifications for the said integration. First, a Requirement
Diagram is included to define the needs to satisfy in order to successfully integrate WSANs into the Cloud.
Then, both UML and SysML are going to be applied to schematize the identified needs. Finally, a textual
description will synthesize all specifications expressed in the form of diagrams.
The whole architecture of requirements can be synthesized like Figure 17 shows. From the Resources
side, the main aspects to consider are the Integration_Model because according to the selected model, the
distribution of data and commands is defined; then, the WSAN_Architecture plays an important role due to
the fact that provides the ways for the defined distribution of the information. In view of the existence of two
types of WSAN architecture (automatic and semi-automatic), two sets of specifications for the integration
to the Cloud will be presented.
12
13. Figure 10: Cloud Standards represented in a Requirement Diagram
13
16. Figure 14: CloudComputing and WSANs proposed aspects for integration
Figure 15: CloudComputing and WSANs: Development aspects
3.4.1 Set of specifications for the integration of semi-automatic WSANs with the Cloud
Since the Cloud has the roles of users and providers, WSANs - with their sensors and actors - fit in this
overview. In other words, Cloud_users are related to WSAN actor nodes, while Cloud_providers are
related to WSAN sensor nodes. On the other hand, Cloud capabilities can be applied to manage WSANs
through a Publish/Subscribe model of integration.
Necessary conditions for WSAN-Cloud integration are already defined via Requirement Diagrams; there-fore,
Block Diagrams are going to be used to propose the set of specifications. Blocks constitute modular
units of system description and define a collection of features to describe a system under study. They may
include “both structural and behavioral features, such as properties and operations” [12]. To define a start-ing
point, Figure 18 summarizes the areas to be worked on represented by packages, and how the system is
related to external entities (users, other systems, etc) through the Resources of the integration.
Development_aspects includes WSAN and Cloud elements, actions and standards. Regarding WSAN
actions, data type of the sensed and processed data is unknown in this level (here, WSANs are treated
generically), for this reason there are not data types specified in the Block Diagram of Figure 19. Besides,
standards are considered as packages that are conformed both by the Cloud and the WSAN to be integrated.
Finally, since the two parties are independent in this level, all components are encapsulated.
Figure 20 displays the necessary resources to take into account when performing the integration. As
16
17. Figure 16: CloudComputing and WSANs: Resources
mentioned earlier, the architecture of the integration relates WSAN sensors as Cloud providers, WSAN
actors as Cloud users, External entities as Cloud monitors and the WSAN central controller that acts as the
sink in the Publish/Subscribe model. Cloud monitors establish the criteria of how actors and sensors should
perform and to which entities report the sensed data, for this reason, they are considered as external entities
regarding the Cloud.
The overview of the elements conforming the Resources is depicted in Figure 21. In this level, the
resources necessary for the integration are hardware and software. The ExternalEntity actor, which maybe
a human user or any other monitoring system, is directly related to the hardware because it deals with the
architecture of the integration.
The software resources needed for Semi-Automatic WSAN and Cloud integration are the same ones
related to both parties, to ensure normal functioning. The relevant module, as showed in Figure 22, is
the WSAN_Cloud_Interface. The ports attached to each block denote the flow of data among the
parties: wsan_interface (WSANSoftware block) to interface_wsan (WSAN_Cloud_Interface block),
for instance. Finally, the block Cloud_Software has to conform to the selected approach (public or private
cloud), represented by the package Cloud_Approaches.
The block definition diagram sketched in Figure 23 denote that the ExternalEntity monitors the WSAN-Cloud
integration through the CentralController within the hardware architecture. Then, this controller
issues commands to the DataTarget block, where WSAN actors are related to the Cloud users. At the same
time, the controller retrieves the information of the DataSource block, where WSAN sensors are related to
the Cloud providers, in order to process it and fulfill the subscriptions indicated by the external entity.
In brief, integration of semi-automatic WSANs with the Cloud Computing can be performed associating
the sensors to the providers, the actors to the users and monitoring these via a central controller. This
schema is governed by a publish/subscribe mechanism which is monitored by an external entity (human user
or another system).
3.4.2 Set of specifications for the integration of automatic WSANs with the Cloud
As mentioned earlier, in automatic WSANs sensors detect a phenomenon and send the data to actors which
process the information to perform appropriate actions. In [11] there is a comprehensive state of the art
17
18. Figure 17: Cloud Computing and WSANs: synthesis
Figure 18: SemiAutomatic WSAN - Cloud Integration
listing the approaches to integrate WSNs to the Cloud. Based on this work, Figure 24 shows aspects linked
to the integration of WSANs to the Cloud, where the data, instead of going from the Sensor to a Cloud
Server, go directly to the defined actor(s). The integration of automatic WSANs to the Cloud has two main
possibilities:
WSAN In The Cloud:The WSAN under study is part of the structure of the Cloud.
WSAN With The Cloud: The WSAN under study interacts as a separate entity with the Cloud.
Figure 25 shows the schema of integration of automatic WSANs to the Cloud. In this scenario, the
WSAN under study is considered as part of the structure of the Cloud. Sensors capture the data and send
them to the IntegrationInterface which uses the Cloud resources to filter the data, save them and then send
the processed data to the Actors in order to execute the corresponding commands. In this proposal, data
processing can take place in two parts: either in the interface or in the actor (it is assumed that the actor
has a built-in processing unit); this depends on the model of integration adopted for the work. Moreover,
external users can control the configuration of the integration through the interface.
As mentioned before, WSANs can interact with the Cloud as a separate entity. Figure 26 indicates a
proposal of how to integrate the two entities without establishing a tight structural relationship between
18
19. Figure 19: Block Diagram for the Development Aspects
them. The important concept is the introduction of the IntergrationInterface as a mean to communicate the
WSAN and the Cloud. A possible variation of this approach could be to directly connect the Cloud to the
WSAN Actor to issue the commands to be executed. Finally, external users can monitor or control events
through the Cloud.
After describing all the necessary elements and concepts to perform a WSAN-Cloud integration, Figure
27 summarizes the ideas to take into account. First of all, it is important to divide the work into two
main Components: Development_Aspects and Resources, where the first one studies the WSAN and the
Cloud as separate entities while the second one assumes the common points for the integration. Then, the
WSAN_Type defines the methods to be adopted for the integration. Finally, the Cloud_userinteraction
indicates the model to be used for the interaction of external users with the integration.
4 Application of the proposed design: a case study
A good way to demonstrate de validity of the proposed set of specifications for the integration of WSANs to
the Cloud is to carry out a practical application. Following, a description of the context of study is presented
and, then, the implementation of the proposal is fulfilled. The aim is to set the conditions of the work and,
according to those plus the set of suggestions for integration, define an analysis-design document.
4.1 Description of the context of study
The context of study is formed by a WSAN-based application with no integration to the Cloud. This
application deals with the detection and extinction of forest fires. Sensors are deployed in a geographical
area and are in charge of detecting temperature changes. Actors are responsible of extinguishing the fire of
the area in danger [18].
For a better understanding, Figures 28 and 29 show the architecture of the nodes. Sensors are located
in the center of each grid because it takes less nodes for an area, comparing to locating the nodes in each
corner of the grid. Formally, sensors placed at the center of the grids require n2 nodes, while sensors placed
at the intersection of the grids requires n2 + 2n + 1 nodes [18].
19
20. Figure 20: Resources for Cloud and semi-automatic WSAN integration
Figure 21: Overview of the resources for Cloud and semi-automatic WSAN integration
Regarding actor movement, “the robot has to move in the prescribed environment” [18]. For this case
study, static path planning is applied because there are no moving objects and no obstacles. Table 4 includes
the formulas to take into account for actor movement .
From the communications’ viewpoint, it is assumed that sensors can connect and transmit data packets
to the Cluster Head, without any inconvenience. Then, the Cluster Head processes the data, determines
the quadrant from the location information and sends packets to the Actor [18]. There are two types of
packets, the ones sent from the sensor to the Cluster Head (CH) or Beacon Node Packet 5, Tables 5 and 6
respectively, and the ones sent from the CH to the Actor.
In short, this WSAN-based application for detection and extinguishing forest fires is located in a nXn
squared area, where each square is a grid. Sensors are placed in the center of the grids, to reduce the
number of deployed sensors. They are grouped in clusters, where each quadrant has a Cluster Head. The
CH processes the information received and sends the commands to the corresponding actor in the quadrant
[18].
4.2 Implementation of the proposed specifications to the described case study
This section is the practical application of the UML-based specifications for WSAN-Cloud integration. The
WSAN described is a semi-automatic one because sensors, represented by the Beacon nodes, first transmit
20
21. Figure 22: Block diagram about software resources (semi-automatic WSANs with the Cloud)
Figure 23: Block diagram about hardware resources (semi-automatic WSANs with the Cloud)
21
22. Figure 24: Resources for automatic WSANs integrated to the Cloud
Figure 25: Automatic WSANs integrated to the Cloud as part of the latter one
22
24. Figure 27: Summary of ideas for WSAN-Cloud integration
Description Value
Forest area division nXn square cell, called grids
Sensor node placement center of each grid
Sensing range (r) and side of square cell
D = 2r
(D)
Node deployment deterministic and static
Cluster Head (CH) node includes nodes from a quadrant; placed at the corner of said quad-rant
Actor nodes contain fire extinguishing mechanism; are mobile; available at cen-ter
of each quadrant
Fire propagation uniform and constant speed
Table 3: Model assumptions for a WSAN application for forest fire detection and extinguishing [18]
the sensed data to a central controller, characterized by the Cluster Head node, and then the latter one
issues the commands to the corresponding actors. Again, a Publish/Subscribe method is suggested for this
application. In this approach, the monitoring of the WSAN will be performed via the Cloud (Figure 30).
Figure 31 portrays the design of the Fire Detection and Extinguishing WSAN integrated to the Cloud.
The control of the WSAN is performed by an ExternalUser, which might be a human user or any other
entity. This control is carried out through the Publish/Subscribe model, which is allocated in the Cloud and
has direct relationship to the Cloud users and providers.
On the other hand, the CloudProvider block is allocated from the BeaconNode block and the CloudUser
block is allocated from the BeaconNode block. These two allocations imply a direct relationship between
the WSAN under study and the Cloud. The ClusterHeadNode receives the sensed data from the BeaconN-ode
and sends the command to the corresponding Actor. The block ActionArea comprises the necessary
information about the geographical area where the actor will execute the received commands. It is impor-tant
to note that the ClusterHeadNode does not act independently from the Cloud, it is controlled by the
Publish/SubscribeModel block, which is inserted within the Cloud.
The flow of data among the different blocks is spread through ports. For instance, when the BeaconNode
block transmits the sensed data, it does so through the port “beaconodepacket”, with direction(out) towards
the port in the ClusterHeadNode also called “beaconodepacket”, but with direction(in), which means it
receives the sensed data. When the ClusterHeadNode block issues the commands, it does so via the port
“clusterheadnodepacket” with direction(out), heading to the port with the same name but located in the
Description Formula
Distance for actor movement d =
p
b2 + c2 since cos90 = 0
Angle to reach target area = arctan(y=x)
Table 4: Formulas for a WSAN application for forest fire detection and extinguishing [18]
24
25. Figure 28: Quadrant model with different nodes [18]
Figure 29: Sensor placement at the intersection of grid
points [18]
XC YC CHNO
x Coordinate y Coordinate Cluster Head
Number to
which packet
is to be sent.
Table 5: Format for the Beacon Node Packet [18]
Actor block and with direction(inout) which implies that the actor can both receive the commands and send
its status to the ClusterHeadNode.
Utilities like data storage and retrieval are managed via the Cloud. Data filtering is performed by
the ClusterHeadNode, which in turn is under the control of the cloud. Besides, the cloud also controls
the security, data access rules, and notification services via the Publish/Subscribe model inserted within it.
Theoretically, the cloud is highly scalable, for this reason, the number of sensor nodes and actors can increase
without affecting the performance of the integration. These utilities are part of the DevelopmentAspects
which considers the Cloud as a separate entity; for this reason, they are not explicitly indicated in the
integration diagram.ls the security, data access rules, and notification services via the Publish/Subscribe
XC YC QNO AA
x Coordinate y Coordinate Quadrant
Number
Address of
the Actor to
which the
Packet is to
be sent.
Table 6: Format for the Cluster Head Node Packet [18]
Figure 30: Schema for Cloud and Fire detection and extinguishing WSAN
25
26. model inserted within it. Theoretically, the cloud is highly scalable, for this reason, the number of sensor
nodes and actors can increase without affecting the performance of the integration. These utilities are part
of the DevelopmentAspects which considers the Cloud as a separate entity; for this reason, they are not
explicitly indicated in the integration diagram.
Figure 31: Block Diagram for Cloud and Fire detection and extinguishing WSAN
5 Conclusion and Future Work
The design of the integration of Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs) to the Cloud Computing is
an emerging topic that should be expanded in order to provide the necessary mechanisms for a successful
combination of the said entities. There are a number of aspects to consider for this integration. The work
is divided into DevelopmentAspects and Resources, where the first one deals with each entity as a separate
one in order to study its features and the latter one studies how the integration can be performed. Within
the Resources, the type of WSAN influences on the overall architecture of the integration. Semi-automatic
WSAN components are directly related to the Cloud actors and a model of integration has to be defined.
Automatic WSANs can interact with the Cloud as a part of it or as a separate entity.
This study applied several methodologies to achieve the proposed goals. In all cases, the analysis started
with a mind map in order to show at a high level the issues involved in the integration. Then, SysML,
as the proposed methodology by the OMG, contributed with two diagrams: Requirement Diagrams (RD)
and Block Definition Diagrams (BDD). RDs were used to describe the conditions of the integration. BDDs
26
27. included the components, their structure, their relationship and how the data flowed from one block to
another. SysML is under development and for this reason the tools applied in this study are still in the
early beginnings; for this reason, full compliance of the SysML specifications is not evident, reflected in the
existence of explanations throughout this work.
In general, this work aimed to offer some guidelines when designing the integration of WSANs to the
Cloud Computing. The objectives were reached in their totality. However, there are several issues that need
further research. For example, the models presented should be tested in more consistent designing tools,
which should be ready in the short run. Moreover, a simulation of the integration is suggested to check the
validity of this proposal.
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