The document provides an overview of different painting techniques throughout history. It begins with prehistoric cave paintings discovered in Lascaux, France in 1940. It then covers various periods and regions in history with examples of paintings from each. Specific painting techniques discussed in detail include fresco, tempera, oil painting, watercolor, gouache, and acrylic paint. For each technique, the document outlines the materials used and characteristics of the method.

1. CHAPTER 7: PAINTING
BY: Andrew Baker, Evita Fok, Chanh Saechao,
Anthony nuygen, and Steven Huyrh

2. Painting
• People have been painting since prehistoric
times.

3. Painting
• People have been painting since prehistoric
times.
• The first known paintings where discovered
in Lascaux France inside a cave in late
summer of 1940.

4. Painting
• People have been painting since prehistoric
times.
• The first known paintings where discovered
in Lascaux France inside a cave in late
summer of 1940.
• the entrance to Lascaux Cave was discovered
by 18-year-old Marcel Ravidat.

5. Painting
• People have been painting since prehistoric
times.
• The first known paintings where discovered
in Lascaux France inside a cave in late
summer of 1940.
• the entrance to Lascaux Cave was discovered
by 18-year-old Marcel Ravidat.
• These paintings are estimated to be 17,300
years old.

6. Painting
• People have been painting since prehistoric
times.
• The first known paintings where discovered in
Lascaux France inside a cave in late summer of
1940.
• the entrance to Lascaux Cave was discovered by
18-year-old Marcel Ravidat.
• These paintings are estimated to be 17,300 years
old.
• The cave contains nearly 2,000 figures, which can
be grouped into three main categories: animals,
human figures, and abstract signs.

7. Painting
• People have been painting since prehistoric times.
• The first known paintings where discovered in
Lascaux France inside a cave in late summer of 1940.
• the entrance to Lascaux Cave was discovered by 18-
year-old Marcel Ravidat.
• These paintings are estimated to be 17,300 years old.
• The cave contains nearly 2,000 figures, which can be
grouped into three main categories: animals, human
figures, and abstract signs.
• A painting referred to as "The Crossed Bison", found in
the chamber called the Nave, is often submitted as an
example of the skill of the Paleolithic cave painters.

8. Painting
• People have been painting since prehistoric times.
• The first known paintings where discovered in
Lascaux France inside a cave in late summer of 1940.
• the entrance to Lascaux Cave was discovered by 18-
year-old Marcel Ravidat.
• These paintings are estimated to be 17,300 years old.
• The cave contains nearly 2,000 figures, which can be
grouped into three main categories: animals, human
figures, and abstract signs.
• A painting referred to as "The Crossed Bison", found in
the chamber called the Nave, is often submitted as an
example of the skill of the Paleolithic cave painters.

9. Painting Throughout the Ages…

10. Painting Throughout the Ages…
Period:
• Pre-Historic

11. Painting Throughout the Ages…
Period:
• Pre-Historic
• Eastern Painting
• (Cave Painting)
• (East Asian, Chinese,
Japanese, South Asian,
Indian)

12. Painting Throughout the Ages…
Period:
• Pre-Historic
• Eastern Painting
• Western Painting
• (Cave Painting)
• (East Asian, Chinese,
Japanese, South Asian,
Indian)
• (Egypt, Greece, and
Rome)

13. Middle Ages:
(Reconstruction of the temple
of Jerusalem, Burgundian
miniature, c. 1460.)

14. Middle Ages:
(Reconstruction of the temple
of Jerusalem, Burgundian
miniature, c. 1460.)
(Wilton Diptych for Richard II
of England, 1400 A.D).

15. Renaissance:
Michelangelo, (c. 1511) The Creation of
Adam, from the Sistine Chapel ceiling

16. Continued:
• Baroque (Adoration, By
Peter Paul Rubens)

17. Continued:
• Baroque (Adoration, By
Peter Paul Rubens)
• Rococo (Le Déjeuner,Fracois
Boucher (1739)

18. ENCAUSTIC PAINTS

19. Encaustic paints:
• Consist of pigments mixed
with wax and resin.
6th-century encaustic icon from Saint
Catherine's Monastery, Egypt

20. Encaustic paints:
• Consist of pigments mixed
with wax and resin.
• Heat is applied to the paint,
which allows it to be
brushed.
House of the Vettii, Pompeii. In 79 B.C.

21. Encaustic paints:
• Consist of pigments mixed
with wax and resin.
• Heat is applied to the paint,
which allows it to be
brushed.
• Encaustic was a very
important technique in
ancient Greece.
Fayum funeral portraits where painted in
the 1st through 3rd centuries A.D

22. Encaustic paints:
• Consist of pigments mixed
with wax and resin.
• Heat is applied to the paint,
which allows it to be
brushed.
• Encaustic was a very
important technique in
ancient Greece.
• Encaustic technique was
forgotten after the fall of
the Roman empire.
Greek/Egyptian Encaustic funeral
painting on Mummified remains

23. Fresco

24. Fresco:
-Pigments are mixed
with water and
applied to plaster.

25. Fresco:
(Famous hands of Adam and God Sistine Chapel
Vatican City Rome Italy)
-Pigments are mixed
with water and
applied to plaster.

26. Fresco:
(Adam and God Sistine Chapel Vatican City Rome
Italy)
- Pigments are mixed
with water and
applied to plaster.
- If the plaster is dry,
the technique is
known as “fresco
secco” (Italian for dry
fresco)

27. Fresco:
(Sistine Chapel Vatican City Rome Italy)
- Pigments are mixed
with water and
applied to plaster.
-If the plaster is dry,
the technique is
known as “fresco
secco” (Italian for dry
fresco)
- Wet fresco is called
”buon fresco” (True
fresco)

28. Fresco:
(Sistine Chapel Vatican City Rome Italy)
- Pigments are mixed
with water and
applied to plaster.
-If the plaster is dry,
the technique is
known as “fresco
secco” (Italian for dry
fresco)
- Wet fresco is called
”buon fresco” (True
fresco)

29. Fresco:
- When lime plaster dries, it undergoes
a chemical change with the pigment
and acts as a “binder”- Pigments are mixed
with water and
applied to plaster.
-If the plaster is dry,
the technique is
known as “fresco
secco” (Italian for dry
fresco)
- Wet fresco is called
”buon fresco” (True
fresco)
Sistine Chapel Ceiling: God Dividing Land
and Water - Michelangelo

30. Fresco:
- When lime plaster dries, it
undergoes a chemical change with
the pigment and acts as a “binder”
- Due to the nature of fresco painting,
there is little room for
experimentation
- Pigments are mixed
with water and
applied to plaster.
-If the plaster is dry,
the technique is
known as “fresco
secco” (Italian for dry
fresco)
- Wet fresco is called
”buon fresco” (True
fresco)
Sistine Chapel Ceiling: God Dividing Land
and Water - Michelangelo

31. Fresco:
- When lime plaster dries, it
undergoes a chemical change with
the pigment and acts as a “binder”
- Due to the nature of fresco painting,
there is little room for
experimentation
- The only way to “fix” or change
fresco, is to let the plaster dry, chip it
away and start over.
- Pigments are mixed
with water and
applied to plaster.
-If the plaster is dry,
the technique is
known as “fresco
secco” (Italian for dry
fresco)
- Wet fresco is called
”buon fresco” (True
fresco)
Sistine Chapel Ceiling: God Dividing Land
and Water - Michelangelo

32. Fresco:
- When lime plaster dries, it
undergoes a chemical change with
the pigment and acts as a “binder”
- Due to the nature of fresco painting,
there is little room for
experimentation
- The only way to “fix” or change
fresco, is to let the plaster dry, chip it
away and start over.
- Due to the permanent setting,
frescos have survived from ancient
Egypt, the Mediterranean, China,
and India
- Pigments are mixed
with water and
applied to plaster.
-If the plaster is dry,
the technique is
known as “fresco
secco” (Italian for dry
fresco)
- Wet fresco is called
”buon fresco” (True
fresco)
Sistine Chapel Ceiling: God Dividing Land
and Water - Michelangelo

33. TEMPERA

34. Tempera:
- Tempera paints share
qualities with both
watercolor and oil
painting.

35. Tempera:
(Pigment and egg tempera)
-Tempera paints share
qualities with both
watercolor and oil
painting.
-Like watercolor,
tempera is an aqueous
medium.

36. Tempera:
(Two Apostles', tempera and gold on panel by Carlo
Crivelli)
-Tempera paints share
qualities with both
watercolor and oil
painting.
-Like watercolor,
tempera is an aqueous
medium.
-And like oil paint,
tempera dries to a
hard, insoluble finish.

37. Tempera:
Job and His Daughters(tempera)
-Tempera paints share
qualities with both
watercolor and oil
painting.
-Like watercolor,
tempera is an aqueous
medium.
-And like oil paint,
tempera dries to a hard,
insoluble finish.
-Tempera is an emulsion,
which is a mixture of an
aqueous liquid, a fat,
wax, oil, or resin.

38. Tempera:
-Tempera dries very quickly, so the
ability to blend colors is very limited.
-Tempera paints share
qualities with both
watercolor and oil
painting.
-Like watercolor,
tempera is an aqueous
medium.
-And like oil paint,
tempera dries to a hard,
insoluble finish.
-Tempera is an emulsion,
which is a mixture of an
aqueous liquid, a fat,
wax, oil, or resin.
(The Last Supper, Leonardo Da Vinci)

39. Tempera:
-Tempera dries very quickly, so the
ability to blend colors is very limited.
-Traditionally, tempera was used on a
wooden surface prepared with a
ground of gesso.
-Tempera paints share
qualities with both
watercolor and oil
painting.
-Like watercolor,
tempera is an aqueous
medium.
-And like oil paint,
tempera dries to a hard,
insoluble finish.
-Tempera is an emulsion,
which is a mixture of an
aqueous liquid, a fat,
wax, oil, or resin.
(Restored gesso panel representing St.
Martin of Tours. From St. Michael & All
Angels Church, Lyndhurst, Hampshire)

40. Tempera:
-Tempera dries very quickly, so the ability
to blend colors is very limited.
-Traditionally, tempera was used on a
wooden surface prepared with a ground
of gesso.
-Gesso is a mixture of white pigment and
glue. It is intended to create a seal over
the painting that protects the tempera.
-Tempera paints share
qualities with both
watercolor and oil
painting.
-Like watercolor,
tempera is an aqueous
medium.
-And like oil paint,
tempera dries to a hard,
insoluble finish.
-Tempera is an emulsion,
which is a mixture of an
aqueous liquid, a fat,
wax, oil, or resin.
(Saint Anthony Abbot
Tempted By a Heap of
Gold,. C.1435, tempera
and gold on wood)

41. Oil
• (SEP 13 2012. Jacqueline Lou Skaggs does tiny oil painting on pennies. Penny Oil
Paintings)

42. Oil:
(The Mona Lisa, Leonardo DaVinci, 1503–1517)
- Oil paints are
composed of pigments
mixed with oil.

43. Oil:
Starry Night Over the Rhone, Vincent Van Gough)
-Oil paints are
composed of pigments
mixed with oil.
-Linseed oil is most
commonly used.

44. Oil:
(Ana Teresa Fernandez)
-Oil paints are
composed of pigments
mixed with oil.
-Linseed oil is most
commonly used.
-The oil acts as a
binder, leaving a
transparent coating
with the pigment
suspended in it.

45. Oil: - Famous Netherland’s artist Jan Van
Eyck is credited for it’s invention.-Oil paints are
composed of pigments
mixed with oil.
-Linseed oil is most
commonly used.
-The oil acts as a
binder, leaving a
transparent coating
with the pigment
suspended in it.
-It is believed that oil
painting was invented
in the 15th century.
(Jan Van Eyck)

46. Watercolor, Gouache, and Similar
Media

47. Watercolor, Gouache, and Similar
Media
Watercolor:
• The composition of
watercolor is pigment
combined with water and
gum arabic.
Albrecht Durer (German, 1471-1528)

48. Watercolor, Gouache, and Similar
Media
Watercolor:
• The composition of
watercolor is pigment
combined with water and
gum arabic.
• Watercolor is considered to
be an intimate art form.
Small in scale and free in
execution.
(Chinese watercolor)

49. Watercolor, Gouache, and Similar
Media
Watercolor:
• The composition of
watercolor is pigment
combined with water and
gum arabic.
• Watercolor is considered to
be an intimate art form.
Small in scale and free in
execution.
• WC are applied very thinly
in transparent washes.
(German artist)

50. Watercolor, Gouache, and Similar
Media
Gouache:
• Gouache is watercolor with
inert white pigment added.

51. Watercolor, Gouache, and Similar
Media
Gouache:
• Gouache is watercolor with
inert white pigment added.
• Inert pigment is pigment
that becomes virtually
colorless in paint.

52. Watercolor, Gouache, and Similar
Media
Gouache:
• Gouache is watercolor with
inert white pigment added.
• Inert pigment is pigment
that becomes virtually
colorless in paint.
• It serves to make colors
opaque, which means that
the colors can then be
layered when used a full
strength.

53. ACRYLIC PAINT:

54. Acrylic Paint:
- Major developments
in chemistry during
the 20th century had
an influence on the
artist community.

55. Acrylic Paint:
-Major developments
in chemistry during
the 20th century had
an influence on the
artist community.
- The use of synthetic
plastic resins, lead to
the creation of
weatherproof paints
such as acrylic based
paints.
(Micko-Vic)

56. Acrylic Paint:
-Major developments in
chemistry during the
20th century had an
influence on the artist
community.
- The use of synthetic
plastic resins, lead to the
creation of
weatherproof paints
such as acrylic based
paints.
-Acrylic paints can mimic
the effects of oil,
watercolor, and even
tempera mediums.
(Lou Ros)

57. Acrylic Paint:
(Xeno Acrylic Paintings-unified by jaxxblackfox)
-Major developments in
chemistry during the 20th
century had an influence on
the artist community.
- The use of synthetic plastic
resins, lead to the creation
of weatherproof paints such
as acrylic based paints.
-Acrylic paints can mimic the
effects of oil, watercolor,
and even tempera mediums.
-This versatility, has ensured
acrylic paints become a
medium of preference in the
artist world.