1. Artificial
intelligence

2. Outline:
Definition
history
Branches of A.I
Applications
Technology
Advantages
Applications
Comparisons between human and
computer intelligence
Artificial intelligence and Learning
Program
m
ing
languages
used
to
develop
AI

3. Definition
• Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines
and the branch of computer science which aims to create
it.
(Wikipedia)
• A.I. is a branch of computer science that studies the
computational requirements for tasks such as perception,
reasoning and learning and develop systems to perform
those tasks
What is Artificial Intelligence ?

4. Definition
 To respond to situations very flexibly.
 To make sense out of ambiguous or contradictory messages.
 To recognize the relative importance of different elements of
situations.
 To find similarities between situations despite difference
 To draw distinctions between situations despite similarities
which may link them.
What is Intelligence ?

5. History of Artificial Intelligence

6. History of Artificial Intelligence
1943 – McCulloh and Pitts, Boolean
circuit model of brain.
1950 – Turing’ computing machine and
intelligence.
1956 – John McCarthy coined the term "artificial
intelligence" as the topic of the
Dartmouth Conference, the first conference
devoted to the subject

7. History of Artificial Intelligence
In 1956, computer were solving word problems in
algebra ,proving logical theorems and speaking
English.
In the early 80`s AI research was received by
commercial success of Expert system .
In the 90`s and Early 21st Century ,,AI achieved its
greatest successes

8. Comparisons between
computer and human intelligence

9. Normal humans have the same intellectual
mechanisms and that differences in intelligence are
related to ``quantitative biochemical and physiological
conditions' , but computer programs have plenty of
speed and memory but their abilities correspond to the
intellectual mechanisms that program designers
understand well enough to put in programs.
Whenever people do better than computers on
some task or computers use a lot of computation to do
as well as people, this demonstrates that the program
designers lack understanding of the intellectual
mechanisms required to do the task efficiently.
Comparisons

10. BRANCHES
• Logical AI
• Pattern Recognition
• Representation
• Common Sense, Knowledge and Reasoning
• Planning
• Epistemology
• Ontology

12. APPLICATIONS OF A.I.
EXPERT SYSTEMS
An Expert System is a computer program designed to act as
an expert in a particular domain (area of expertise).
Domain of E.S.
Knowledge base
Facts Heuristics
Phases in Expert System
Facts Heuristics
Expert systems currently are designed to assist experts, not
to replace them, They have been used in medical diagnosis,
chemical analysis, geological explorations etc.

13. APPLICATIONS OF A.I.
Speech Recognition
The primary interactive method of communication used
by humans is not reading and writing, it is speech.
The goal of speech recognition
research is to allow computers to
understand human speech. So that
they can hear our voices and
recognize the words we are
speaking.
It simplifies the process of
interactive communication between
people and computers, thus it
advances the goal of NLP.

14. APPLICATIONS OF A.I.
The goal of NLP is to enable people and computers
to communicate in a natural (humanly) language
rather than in a computer language.
Natural Language Processing
The field of NLP is divided in 2
categories—
 Natural Language understanding.
 Natural Language generation.

15. APPLICATIONS OF A.I.
Computer Vision
The goal of computer vision research
is to give computers this same powerful
facility for understanding their
surrounding. Here AI helps computer to
understand what they see through
attached cameras.
People generally use vision as their
primary means of sensing their
environment, we generally see more than
we hear, feel or smell or taste
People generally use vision as their primary means of
sensing their environment, we generally see more than we
hear, feel or smell or taste.

16. APPLICATIONS OF A.I.
A Robot is a electro-mechanical
device that can by programmed to
perform manual tasks or a
reprogrammable multi functional
manipulator designed to move
materials, parts, tools, or specialized
devices through variable programmed
motions for performance of variety of
tasks.
An ‘intelligent’ robot includes
some kind of sensory apparatus that
allows it to respond to change in it’s
environment.
Robotics

17. OUTCOMES
OF
A.I

18. Advantage
 it can help improve our way of life
 machines will be able to do jobs that require
detailed instructions
 use robots for heavy
construction, military
benefits, or even for
personal assistance at
private homes
 there will be less injuries
and stress to human
beings
 mental alertness and
decision making
capabilities

19.  Many of our health problems now have possible
solutions with the use of Artificial Intelligence in
studies at universities
 scientists have been using AI to test theories and
notions about how our brains work
Advantage
 AI opens up new and exciting
avenues for entertainment
possibilities.
 AI also makes interactive
electronic games more fun by
making the computer controlled
characters more realistic and
human-like.

20. Disadvantage
 Growth of Unemployment rates .
 Enhance laziness in humans.
 Retarding human capabilities.
 Need to restructure the legal system.
 Could be hazardous in Hospitals.

21. FUTURE
OF
A.I

22. FUTURE
The day is not far when you will just sit back in
your cozy little beds and just command your
personal Robot's to entirely do your ruts . He will
be a perfect companion for you. Just enjoy the
Technology.

23. FUTURE
But wait, don’t be happy. It may end in other
way too. Some day there will be a knock to your
door. As you open it, you see a large number of
Robots marching into your house destroying
everything you own and looting you.
This is because ever since there
is an advantage in the Technology,
it attracts anti-social elements. This
is true for Robots too. Because now
they will have full power to think as
human, even as of anti-social
elements. So think trice before
giving them power of Cognition.

24. CONCLUSION
In it’s short existence, AI has
increased understanding of the
nature of intelligence and
provided an impressive array of
application in a wide range of
areas. It has sharpened
understanding of human
reasoning, and of the nature of
intelligence in general. At the
same time, it has revealed the
complexity of modeling human
reasoning providing new areas
and rich challenges for the future.