This document provides an introduction to artificial intelligence (AI), including how it works, its evolution and branches, applications, and conclusions. It defines AI as making computers do things that require human intelligence. AI works using artificial neurons and scientific theorems to mimic the human brain. The document outlines the history of AI from early programs in the 1950s to current applications in expert systems, natural language processing, computer vision, robotics, and more. It concludes that AI has increased understanding of intelligence while revealing the complexity of modeling human reasoning.

1. welcome

2. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-Presented by
Adarsh Saxena

3. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION TO A.I.
HOW DOES A.I WORK.
EVOLUTION OF A.I.
BRANCHES OF A.I.
APPLICATIONS OF A.I.
CONCLUSIONS ON A.I.

4. What is Intelligence ??

5. What isWhat is IntelligenceIntelligence ??
 To respond to situationsvery flexibly.
 To makesenseout of ambiguousor contradictory messages.
 To recognize relative importance of different elements of
situations.
 To draw distinctions between situations despite similarities
which may link them.

6. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A .I. ?
 Artificial Intelligence (AI) is
usually defined as the science of
making computers do things
that require intelligence when
done by humans.
 A.I is the study of ideas that
enable computers to be
intelligent.

7. How Does AI Work??
Artificial intelligence works with the
help of
• Artificial Neurons (Artificial Neural
Network)
And
• Scientific theorems(If-Then
Statements, Logics)

8. What is Neural Networking??
 Artificial neural networks are
composed of interconnecting
artificial neurons (programming
constructs that mimic the
properties of biological
neurons).

9. Structure of a Biological NeuronStructure of a Biological Neuron
 Dendrites: Accepts Inputs.
 Soma: Processes the Inputs.
 Axon: Turns the processed inputs into outputs.
 Synapses: The electrochemical contact between neurons.

11. An Artificial Neuron
Axons Synapses Dendrites Axon
Body
(Soma)
X1
X3
Wn
W
W
Xn
W
X2
W0
Output
Bias

12. TURING TEST
* The test was devised in response to the
question,” Can acomputer think ?”.
* Proposed by Alan Turing(1950), a
British Computer Scientist.

13. 1943 – McCulloh and Pitts, Boolean circuit model of
brain.
1950 – Turing’scomputing machineand intelligence.
1950’s – Early AI programs including Samuel’s checker
program, Newell and Simon’s logic theorist, Gelisnters
geometry engine
1956 – Dartmouth conference.
HISTORY

14. HISTORY
1952-69 – “Look, Ma, no hands!” era.
1958 – McCarthy moves to MIT, LISP was born.
1965 – Robinson’s complete algorithm for logical reasoning.
1966-74 – AI discovers computational complex.
1969-79 - Early development in knowledge based systems.

15. 1980-88 : Expert system industry booms.
1988-93 : Expert system industry busts.
1985-88 : Neural networksreturn to popularity.
1995 : Agents… Agents… Agents.
(present)
HISTORY

16. APPLICATIONS OF A.I.
Expert systems.
Natural Language Processing (NLP).
Speech recognition.
Computer vision.
Robotics.

17. An Expert System is a computer program designed to act
asan expert in aparticular domain (areaof expertise).
Expert systems currently are designed to assist experts,
not to replace them, They have been used in medical
diagnosis, chemical analysis, geological explorationsetc.
Domain of E.S.
Knowledge base
Facts Heuristics
Phases in Expert System
EXPERT SYSTEMS

18. Natural Language
Processing
The goal of NLP is to enable people and computers to
communicate in a natural (humanly) language(such as,
English) rather than in acomputer language.
The field of NLP is divided in 2 categories
—
 Natural Languageunderstanding.
 Natural Languagegeneration.

19. Speech
Recognition
$ The goal of speech recognition research is to
allow computers to understand human speech. So that
they can hear our voices and recognize the words we
are speaking.
$ It simplifies the process of interactive
communication between people and computers, thus
it advances the goal of NLP.

20. Computer Vision
People generally use vision as their primary
means of sensing their environment, we generally see
morethan wehear, feel or smell or taste.
The goal of computer
vision research is to give computers
this same powerful facility for
understanding their surrounding.
Here A.I helps computer to
understand what they see through
attached cameras.

21. Robotics
A Robot is a electro-mechanical
device that can by programmed to
perform manual tasks or a
reprogrammable multi functional
manipulator designed to move materials,
parts, tools, or specialized devices
through variable programmed motions
for performanceof variety of tasks.
An ‘intelligent’ robot includes
some kind of sensory apparatus that
allows it to respond to change in it’s
environment.

22. FUTURE
The day is not far when you will just sit back in your
cozy little beds and just command your personal
Robot's to entirely do your ruts . He will be a perfect
companion for you. Just enjoy theTechnology.
(+)

23. But wait, don’t behappy. . !
It may end in other way too. Some day there will be a knock to
your door. As you open it, you see a large number of Robots
marching into your house destroying everything you own and
looting you.
This is because ever since there
is an advantage in the Technology, it
attractsanti-social elements. Thisistrue
for Robots too. Because now they will
have full power to think as human, even
as of anti-social elements. So think trice
beforegiving them power of Cognition.
FUTURE (-)

24. CONCLUSION
In it’s short existence, AI has increased understanding of the
nature of intelligence and provided an impressive array of
application in a wide range of areas. It has sharpened
understanding of human reasoning, and of the nature of
intelligence in general. At the same time, it has revealed the
complexity of modeling human reasoning providing new areas
and rich challengesfor thefuture.

25. References
 Wikipedia
 You tube

26. Latest Invention
 Chinees Robot Jia Jia .

27. Go Ahead
With Question
Be Not Afraid Of Falling Be Afraid Of Not
Trying

28. thanQ