The document outlines several key principles of the Renaissance, including the imitation of nature through realistic human anatomy and perspective techniques, surpassing classical models through a revival of humanism and embracing classical orders, rationality and empirical knowledge through technical innovations and new theories of art, and reconciling religious themes with classical ideals through commissions and subject matter that incorporated both. Artistic innovations were also driven by trade, travel, and growing patronage during this period.

1. Some Key Principles of the
Renaissance
• Imitation of nature
• Desire to surpass classical models in quality
• Rationality and empirical knowledge
• Reconciling these other goals with
Christianity
• Arts innovation through trade, travel,
growing patronage

2. Some Key Principles of the
Renaissance
• Imitation of nature
• Desire to surpass classical models in quality
• Rationality and empirical knowledge
• Reconciling these other goals with
Christianity
• Arts innovation through trade, travel,
growing patronage

3. Principles of the Renaissance
Imitation of nature
– Giotto’s study of live models, animals, etc
– Realistic human anatomy and proportion
– Development of linear perspective
– Atmospheric perspective
– Contrapposto figures in sculpture and painting

4. Giotto di Bondone. Marriage at Cana, Raising of Lazarus, Lamentation, and
Resurrection / Noli Me Tangere. 1305–1306. Each scene approx. 6’ 5" × 6’.

5. Giotto (1303-6) and Raphael (1507)

7. Hildegarde of Bingen
Cosmos from
Liber Divinorum Operum,
12th century

8. Leonardo da Vinci,
Vitruvian Man from Notebooks
(1487) Italy

9. Principles of the Renaissance
To surpass classical models in quality
– Ad fontes – back to Antique sources in texts and
rediscovery of artworks
– Revival of Humanism as a philosophy placing
interest of humans as focus of life
– Embrace of nude male figure in art
– Return to Classical orders in architecture

10. Lysippos. The Weary Herakles (Farnese Hercules).
A Roman copy by Glykon of the 4th-century BCE bronze original. Height 10’ 6”.

11. Michelangelo
Sistine Chapel Ceiling (1511-12)
“Temptation and Expulsion”

12. Hagesandros, Polydoros, and Athenodoros of Rhodes.
Laocoön and His Sons. Probably the original of 1st century BCE or
a Roman copy of the 1st century CE. Height 8’.

13. 22-09
Michelangelo
David
(1501-03)

14. Andrea Palladio, Villa Capra or Villa Rotonda (1557-83)
Near Vicenza, Italy

15. Principles of the Renaissance
Rationality and empirical knowledge
– Realistic human anatomy and proportion
– Development of linear perspective
– Sophisticated compositions often idealized or
emphasizing interaction between figures
– Embrace of symmetry and proportion in design
– Technical innovations in materials (bronze, oil
paints), new theories and writing about art
(Vasari, Alberti, Durer)

16. Giotto (1303-6) and Leonardo (1490)

17. Raphael, Sistine Madonna (1512) Giotto, Ognissanti Madonna (1310)

18. Principles of the Renaissance
Christianity as major theme
– Subjects include Saints, Biblical characters
– Religious commissions for churches, chapels
– Reconciling religion with Classical ideals
(Ancient Greeks and Romans came before
Christianity)

19. Andrea Mantegna,
Saint Sebastian (1460)

20. Donatello, Saint Mark (1415)
Florence, Italy
Contrapposto

21. 22-09
Michelangelo
David
(1501-03)

22. Cimabue, Madonna and Child in Majesty (1280) Giotto, Ognissanti Madonna (1310)

23. Giotto
Arena, or Scrovegni Chapel
(1303-6) Padua, Italy

24. Simone Martini and Lippo Memmi. Annunciation. 1333. 10' × 8’ 9”.

25. Gentile da Fabriano,
Strozzi Altarpiece
Adoration of the Magi
(1423)

28. Jan van Eyck. Double
Portrait of a Giovanni
Arnolfini and His Wife.
1434. 33 × 22 1/2”.

29. Robert Campin, Merode Altarpiece with Annunciation, two donors, and Joseph (1425)
Flemish, oil on panel

30. Rogier van der Weyden, Annunciation (1435-40) Flemish, oil on panel

31. Henry Ossawa Tanner, The Annunciation (1898)
How does Michael Baxandall’s “period eye” help make sense of
this?

32. Andrea Mantegna,
Saint Sebastian (1460)

33. Venetian painting
Giovanni Bellini
San Giobbe Altarpiece (1487)
Oil paint on panel
Sacra conversatzione - sacred conversation

34. Titian,Assumption of the Virgin
(1516-18)

35. Santa Maria del Fiore Duomo
Florence Cathedral
(1296-1470)
Three Renaissance artists:
Giotto (1334-59) Campanile
Fillipo Brunelleschi (1420-40)
Dome
Lorenzo Ghiberti
(1401-1452) Baptistery doors

36. Left: Filippo Brunelleschi and Right: Lorenzo Ghiberti. Sacrifice of Isaac.
1401–1402. 21 × 17 1/2”.

37. Filippo Brunelleschi
Pazzi Chapel
Santa Croce Church
(1429) Florence

39. Attributed to Michelozzo di Bartolomeo.
Façade, Palazzo Medici-Riccardi, Florence. Begun 1446.

40. Masaccio, Tribute Money fresco in Brancacci Chapel (1425-28) Sainta Maria del Carmine,
Florence, Italy
Continuous narration: Apostle Peter shown in three separate moments in unified composition
One-point perspective

41. Inscription:
“I was once what you are; what I am, you
will be.”
Masaccio. Trinity with the Virgin,
St. John the Evangelist, and
Donors.
c. 1425–1427/1428. 21' × 10’ 5”.

42. Donatello, Saint Mark (1415)
Florence, Italy
Contrapposto stance
Iconography of the saints

43. Donatello, David (1440)
Courtyard at Palazzo Medici (1446)

44. Paolo Uccello. The Battle of San Romano. 1438–1440. Approx. 6' × 10’ 7”.

45. Palazzo Rucellai (1446-51)
Attributed to Leon Battista Alberti

46. Sandro Botticelli. Birth of Venus. c. 1484–1486. 5’ 8 7/8" × 9’ 1 7/8”.

47. Notebooks -- sketch of central plan church
Leonardo da Vinci
Self-portrait (1514)

48. Leonardo da Vinci
Virgin of the
Rocks (1490)
Key terms for Leonardo:
• Sfumato
• Chiaroscuro

49. Leonardo da Vinci,
The Last Supper
(1495-1498)
Santa Maria delle
Grazie, Milan, Italy

50. Leonardo da Vinci
Mona Lisa
(1503-06)

51. Raphael,
Sistine Madonna
(1512-13)

52. 22-17
Raphael, School of Athens (1509-11)
Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican, Rome
http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/SchoolAthens.htm

53. PHILOSOPHY
J
U
S
T
I
C
E
P
O
E
T
R
Y
THEOLOGY
School of
Athens
Arts Sciences
Parnassus
Lyric
Poetry
Epic
Poetry
Disputá
Conservative Liberal
Virtues
Justinian
Gregory IX
Solomon
Adam and
Eve
Apollo
Astrology
RAPHAEL: Stanza della Segnatura -- Themes

54. RAPHAEL
Transfiguration (1516-20)

55. Michelangelo. David. 1501–1504. Height 17’ without pedestal.

56. Michelangelo
Sistine Chapel Ceiling
“The Creation of Adam”

57. Michelangelo
Sistine Chapel Ceiling (1511-12)
“Temptation and Expulsion”

58. Hagesandros, Polydoros, and Athenodoros of Rhodes.
Laocoön and His Sons. Probably the original of 1st century BCE or
a Roman copy of the 1st century CE. Height 8’.

59. Giotto, Arena, or Scrovegni Chapel
(1303-6) Padua, Italy
Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel
(1508-12, 1535) Vatican

60. 22-13

61. Michelangelo
Last Judgment, Sistine Chapel (1534-1541)

62. Saint Peter’s Basilica
Antonio da Sangallo plan (1539-46)
Michelangelo (1546-93)

63. Mannerism
Pontormo
Descent from
the Cross
(1525-28)

64. Parmigianino
Madonna with the Long Neck
(1535)

65. Tintoretto (1555) and
Gentileschi (1610)
Susannah and the Elders

66. Gentileschi: Judith and Her
Maid Servant, 1625