1. The document discusses nanomaterials, defining them as materials with at least one dimension measured at the nanoscale (1-100 nm). 2. It describes different types of nanomaterials including one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional materials and the top-down and bottom-up approaches for producing nanomaterials. 3. The key properties of nanomaterials like increased chemical reactivity and changes to properties like color and melting point at the nanoscale are summarized.

1. DAWOOD UNIVERSITY OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Presented To:
Sir Sharukh
Presented By:
•Muhammad Arsal(CH-41)
•Abu Baker(CH-19)
Nanomaterials

2. A material science-based approach to
Nanotechnology

3. Definition
Nanoscale:
•The meaning of this
word nano is 10^-9
•And one nanometer is
equal to a billionth of a
meter.
Nanomaterial:
•Any material having
any one or more than
one dimensions in
nanoscale.

4. Definition
Nano-Science:
•Study of Nanomaterial
and its properties and
related phenomenon.
•e..g Quantum dot
Nanotechnology:
Study of application of
nano-science for making
device and products.
e.g.-LED screen is made
by Quantum dot

5. 01
• One dimensional nanomaterial
02
• Two-dimensional nanomaterial
03
• Three-dimensional nanomaterial

6. One
dimensional
nanomaterial
This type of
material has one
dimension
arrangement of
atoms in the
nanoscale range.
Examples of one
dimension
nanomaterial are
surface coatings
and thin films.

7. Two
dimensional
nanomaterial
This type of
material has two
dimension
arrangements of
atoms in the
nanoscale range.
Examples of two-
dimension
nanomaterial are
biopolymers,
nanotubes, and
nanowires.

8. Three
dimensional
nanomaterial
This type of
material has three
dimension
arrangements of
atoms in the
nanoscale range.
The examples for
three-dimension
nanomaterials are
fullerenes.

9. 01
• Top-Down Process
02
• Bottom-up Process

10. Top-Down approach
In top-down
approaches, bulk
materials are
divided to
produce
nanostructure
materials. Top-
down methods
include
mechanical
milling, laser
ablation, etching,
sputtering, and
electro-explosion.

11. Bottom-up approach
The bottom-up
approach is
newer and more
flexible than the
more formal top-
down strategy.
It include
Chemical vapor
deposition (CVD),
Solvothermal and
hydrothermal
methods etc

12. The properties of matter at the nanoscale level are
substantially distinct compared to bulk counterparts.
Size-dependent effects become more prominent at the
nanoscale. The properties of nanomaterials can be
tuned via tuning the nanomaterial size

13.  Chemical Reactivity increase with decrease in size of
material.
 Because Surface to Volume Ratio increase with
decrease in size of material.


14. The surface areas
of nanomaterials
are generally
substantially high
compared with
their bulk
counterparts, and
this property is
associated with all
nanomaterials.
Surface Area

15.  The properties like color and transparency are considered as optical
properties. These properties are observed to change at nanoscale level.
 For example :
 bulk gold appear yellow in color while in nanosize gold appear red in color.


16.  Melting point of substance decrease with decrease in
size .
 Melting point decrease because when size decrease,
then surface to volume ratio increase
 Its meant large surface area is available of absorbing
heat energy.

17. The seven main material categories are defined as:
1. Carbon based nanomaterials
2. Nanocomposites
3. Biological nanomaterials
4. Nano-polymers
5. Nano-glasses
6. Nano-ceramics

18. Polymer
nanocomposites (PNC) is
a polymer or copolymer
having dispersed in its
nanoparticles. These may
be of different shape (e.g.,
platelets, fibers,
spheroids), but at least one
dimension must be in the
range of 1 to 50 nm. These
PNC's belong to the
category of multi-phase
systems (MPS, viz. blends,
composites, and foams)
that consume nearly 95%
of plastics production.

19.  carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs)
have become important due to their
unique combinations of chemical
and physical properties (i.e.,
thermal and electrical conductivity,
high mechanical strength, and
optical properties), extensive
research efforts are being made to
utilize these materials for various
industrial applications, such as
high-strength materials and
electronics. These advantageous
properties of CBNs are also actively
investigated in several areas of
biomedical engineering. This
Perspective highlights different
types of carbon-based
nanomaterials currently used in
biomedical applications.

20.  Nanocomposites are those
composites in which one
phase has nanoscale
morphology like
nanoparticles, nanotubes, or
lamellar nanostructure. They
have multiphases, so are
multiphasic materials, at least
of the phases should have
dimensions in the range of
10–100 nm. To overcome the
limitation of different
engineering materials now-a-
days, nanocomposites are
emerged to provide beneficial
alternatives.

21.  Currently, one of the main disadvantages associated with
nanomaterials is considered to be inhalation exposure. This concern
arises from animal studies, the results of which suggested that
nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and nanofibers may cause
detrimental pulmonary effects, such as pulmonary fibrosis. Further
possible health risks are ingestion exposure and dust explosion
hazards.
 Additionally, there are still knowledge gaps regarding nanomaterials,
meaning the manufacturing process can often be complex and
difficult. The overall process is also expensive, requiring optimum
requiring optimum results - especially regarding their use in consumer
goods - in order to avoid financial losses.