Presented by Nalini Singh of ARROW
Reclaiming & Redefining Rights ICPD+20: Status of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Asia Pacific (2013)
htp://www.arrow.org.my/publicaNons/ICPD+20/ICPD +20_ARROW_AP.pdf
Report on National Review and Monitoring of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Nepal
This report is a result of nine months qualitative and quantitative study on the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3, 5, 8, 13, out of which Goal 3 and 5 are being reviewed in High Level Political Forum (HLPF) as the government presents the Voluntary National Review (VNR) stating the national progress on SDGs.
Report on National Review and Monitoring of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Nepal
This report is a result of nine months qualitative and quantitative study on the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3, 5, 8, 13, out of which Goal 3 and 5 are being reviewed in High Level Political Forum (HLPF) as the government presents the Voluntary National Review (VNR) stating the national progress on SDGs.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Saharsa_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Jehanabad_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Banka_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Darbhanga_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Khagaria_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Kishanganj_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Katihar_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
Oyo State Global Fund HIV MARPs Progress Report June 2015 - December 2016John Bako
This presentation showcase GF HIV NFM progress report and data on HIV Prevention project among KAP in Oyo State between July 2015 – December 2016.
The intervention was conducted in some hotspots across Oyo state known to be the largest city in West Africa with a population of 7,554,750 (NPC 2015 projection).
Oyo is a South-Western state, created in February 3, 1976 with its capital in Ibadan.
The state has HIV prevalence rate of 5.6% (NARHS 2012).
Innovations for Enhanced Aid Harmonization and Aid EffectivenessSoren Gigler
This presentation focuses on a case study of Nepal on how to use innovative approaches to enhance aid harmonization and aid effectiveness. the presentation provides (i) an overview about the important challenges of aid effectiveness in Nepal, (ii) an analysis and lessons learned form the Sector-Wide Approach in Health, and (iii) innovations in technology to improve aid transparency, donor harmonization and development effectiveness.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Saharsa_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Jehanabad_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Banka_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Darbhanga_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Khagaria_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Kishanganj_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Katihar_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
Oyo State Global Fund HIV MARPs Progress Report June 2015 - December 2016John Bako
This presentation showcase GF HIV NFM progress report and data on HIV Prevention project among KAP in Oyo State between July 2015 – December 2016.
The intervention was conducted in some hotspots across Oyo state known to be the largest city in West Africa with a population of 7,554,750 (NPC 2015 projection).
Oyo is a South-Western state, created in February 3, 1976 with its capital in Ibadan.
The state has HIV prevalence rate of 5.6% (NARHS 2012).
Innovations for Enhanced Aid Harmonization and Aid EffectivenessSoren Gigler
This presentation focuses on a case study of Nepal on how to use innovative approaches to enhance aid harmonization and aid effectiveness. the presentation provides (i) an overview about the important challenges of aid effectiveness in Nepal, (ii) an analysis and lessons learned form the Sector-Wide Approach in Health, and (iii) innovations in technology to improve aid transparency, donor harmonization and development effectiveness.
In nearly every country women and men are routinely denied their reproductive and sexual rights under the pretext of religious beliefs and cultural and traditional practices. As a result, men and women suffer unnecessarily because they lack access to the health care services they need – family planning and contraception, safe sex methods, comprehensive sexuality education and safe abortion.
Senegalcrafts is an e-commerce as well as informative website concentrating on Senegalese bamboo art. Both antiques and contemporary bamboo art works, Senegalcrafts introduces, are for sale.
Hand made by artisans in Africa, these baskets bring amazing craftsmanship into our spaces. Handwoven by an association of more than 100 rural Wolof women of Senegal, these baskets create a fun and textural way to store everything from toys to craft supplies, linens to laundry.
Focus of this presentation...
• What is SRHR?
• What do we know about SRHR and child marriage in South Asia?
• What are the gaps?
• How do we ensure SRHR of girls and young women affected by child marriage?
Presented by Azra Abdul Cader, ARROW
Selamat datang di Oke Pool. Oke Pool adalah bisnis online yang akan membantu kita semua mendapatkan pasif income sepanjang masa. Dengan sebuah konsep yang sudah mulai disusun dari dua tahun yang lalu, akhirnya dengan bangga kami sajikan kepada kita semua sebuah program yang akan membantu kebangkitan ekonomi kerakyatan.
Mudah-mudahan dengan adanya program ini, dapat membantu kita semua dalam memperbaiki tingkat ekonomi kita dan masyarakat di sekitar kita.
Mari Bergabung Bersama Kami Untuk Membangun Masyarakat Yang Lebih Baik
- Membangun sebuah program pasif income
- Yang bisa berjalan selamanya
- Yang adil dan bermanfaat untuk semua
- Bisa dimulai kapan dan dimana saja
- Bahkan bisa dimulai tanpa modal
- Resiko bisnis yang rendah
- Beberapa alat marketing online
- Beberapa tip sukses dalam menjalankan bisnis
- Membangun jaringan bisnis yang kuat
- Media promosi bisnis secara online
Info lebih lanjut silahkan kunjungi www.oke-pool.com
Plastics additives are the substances that are added in polymer during reaction in the final stage or in the process of polymer/plastic production. These additives help in improving the characteristics of polymers such as strength, shine, durability and heat sensitivity. The global plastic additives market in this report is estimate in terms of revenue and volume.
A presentation looking at the SRHR goals and targets within the SDGs and comparing them with the ICPD, identifying gaps and making recommendations for the way forward.
Draft Essential Services Package for GBV Child Marriage and FGM (4).pdfYouthHubAfrica
Gender based violence (GBV), child marriage and female genital
mutilation (FGM) are important issues that challenge the sexual and
reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of women and girls in Nigeria.
These challenges are present in all parts of the country although child
marriage is more common in the northern part while FGM is more
common in the south.
Adolescent Sexual and Reproduction Health PresentationDeepak TIMSINA
ADRA worked to scale-up ASRH programme in Kalikot District through its Strengthening Reproductive Health (SRH) project. I worked as a 'Training Officer' in ADRA from 2012-2013.
In collaboration with WHO and Women Deliver, we hosted a virtual learning session to raise awareness of the need for an integrated approach that addresses the impacts of climate change, advances gender equality, and builds the resilience of health systems.
Newborn survival and perinatal health in resource-constrained settings in Asia and the Pacific: Applying Global Evidence to Priorities Beyond 2015
12 April 2013
Female Community Health Volunteers in Nepal: What We Know and Steps Going For...JSI
Presented by Leela Khanal, Project Director, JSI/Chlorhexidine Navi Care Program, at a USAID brown bag meeting on July 20, 2016.
The presentation shows the results of the recent Nepal Female Community Health Volunteer (FCHV) National Survey which was funded by USAID, UNICEF, and Save the Children, and conducted by Advancing Partners & Communities in partnership with the Ministry of Health and Population. It collected updated information on FCHV work profiles, the services they provide, and the support they receive from different levels of the health system. In addition, the survey set out to understand FCHV motivational factors, and how FCHVs are perceived by the communities that they serve. The ultimate goal of the survey was to identify possible suggestions for policy change or other strategies to sustain the FCHV program in Nepal.
Presentation delivered by Dr Haifa Madi, Director, Health Protection and Promotion at the 62nd Session of the WHO Regional Committee for the Eastern Mediterranean
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Reclaiming & Redefining Rights ICPD+20: Status of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Asia Pacific.
1.
2. RECLAIMING
&
REDEFINING
RIGHTS
ICPD
+
20
Status
of
Sexual
and
Reproduc2ve
Health
and
Rights
in
Asia
Pacific
Nalini
Singh
Programme
Manager
–
Advocacy
&
Capacity
Building
Email:
nalini@arrow.org.my
3. Content
of
the
presentaNon
• IntroducNon
to
ARROW
• IntroducNon
to
the
Global
South
monitoring
iniNaNve
• Overall
context
of
the
region
• Key
findings
pertaining
to
ReproducNve
Health
and
Rights
• Key
conclusions-‐
ReproducNve
Health
and
Rights
• Key
Findings
pertaining
to
Sexual
Health
and
Rights
• Key
conclusions
–Sexual
Health
and
Rights
• RecommendaNons
4. 1.
About
ARROW:
• ARROW
is
a
regional
non-‐profit
women’s
NGO
based
in
Kuala
Lumpur,
Malaysia.
We
work
to
advance
women’s
health,
affirmaNve
sexuality
and
rights,
and
empower
women
through
informaNon
and
knowledge,
engagement,
advocacy
and
mobilisaNon.
• Established in 1993, ARROW works with NGO partners in 15
Asia-Pacific countries (and expanding) and across the five
regions in the Global South.
• Areas of work:
ü Evidence generation through research and monitoring for
advocacy.
ü Advocacy, capacity building and movement building through
partnerships.
ü Strategic information sharing and communication.
5. Monitoring
the
InternaNonal
Conference
on
PopulaNon
and
Development
• Monitoring
government
commitments
to
women’s
health
especially
their
sexual
and
reproducNve
health
and
rights
using
the
framework
of
the
ICPD
Programme
of
AcNon
(PoA),
which
Nll
today
remains
the
most
comprehensive
outline
and
approach
to
women’s
health
and
equality,
has
been
an
important
strategy
at
ARROW.
• ARROW
along
with
our
partners
have
been
consistently
monitoring
the
ICPD
PoA.
(+5,
+10,
+15
and
+20
now-‐
in
the
Global
South).
6. 2.
The
Global
South
ICPD+20
Monitoring
IniNaNve
• In
2014
and
2015
as
the
target
dates
for
the
ICPD
PoA
as
well
as
the
MDGs
reach
their
respecNve
Nme
bound
goals,
ARROW
realised
the
importance
of
bringing
together
not
only
the
voices
and
realiNes
of
Asia-‐Pacific
,
but
also
the
other
regions
from
the
Global
South
to
arNculate
southern
voices
and
southern
agenda
in
the
lead
up
to
2014-‐2015
development
agenda.
• Thus
the
Global
South
ICPD+20
monitoring
iniNaNve
was
conceptualised
and
brings
together
five
regions
(49
countries)
-‐
– Asia
Pacific
– Africa
– Eastern
Europe
– LaNn
America
and
the
Caribbean
– Middle
East
and
Northern
Africa
regions
7. The
Global
South
ICPD+20
Monitoring
IniNaNve
• “RECLAIMING
&
REDEFINING
RIGHTS
ICPD
+
20:
Status
of
Sexual
and
ReproducNve
Health
and
Rights
in
Asia
Pacific”
is
one
of
the
five
Global
South
reports.
• The
scope
of
monitoring
includes
issues
of:
– reproducNve
health
– reproducNve
rights
– sexual
health
–
sexual
rights
– women’s
empowerment
– health
financing
8. The
Global
South
ICPD+20
Monitoring
IniNaNve
• Asia
Pacific
monitoring
in
21
countries
:
–
East
Asia-‐
China
–
South
Asia-‐
Afghanistan,
Bangladesh,
Bhutan,
Sri
Lanka,
Maldives,
Nepal,
Pakistan,
India
– Southeast
Asia-‐Cambodia,
Myanmar,
Lao
PDR,
Malaysia,
Philippines,
Indonesia,
Thailand,
Vietnam
– Pacific
countries
of
Fiji,
KiribaN,
Papua
New
Guinea,
and
Samoa.
• In
the
next
slides
we
present
to
you
key
findings
pertaining
to
Afghanistan,
Bhutan,
Bangladesh,
India,
Nepal,
Maldives,
Pakistan
and
Sri
Lanka.
10.
i.
Signatories
to
major
human
rights
instruments
Name
of
the
Country
Interna2onal
Covenant
on
Civil
and
Poli2cal
Rights
(1966)
Interna2onal
Covenant
on
Economic,
Social
and
Cultural
Rights(1966)
Conven2on
on
Elimina2on
of
All
Forms
of
Discrimina2on
Against
Women
(1979)
Conven2on
on
the
Rights
of
the
Child
(1989)
Afghanistan
1983
1983
2003
1994
Bhutan
1981
1990
Bangladesh
2000
1998
1984
1990
India
1979
1979
1993
1992
Nepal
1991
1991
1991
1990
Maldives
2006
2006
1993
1991
Pakistan
2010
2008
1996
1990
Sri
Lanka
1980
1980
1981
1991
11.
ii.
Gender
Inequality
Index
Name
of
the
Country
Gender
Inequality
Index
(Rank
and
Value)
MMR
Adolescent
Fer2lity
Rate
%
of
women
in
na2onal
parliament
Afghanistan
147
(0.712)
460
99.6
27.6
Bhutan
92
(0.464)
180
44.9
13.9
Bangladesh
111(0.518)
240
68.2
19.7
India
132
(0.610)
200
74.7
10.9
Nepal
102
(0.485)
170
86.2
33.2
Maldives
64
(0.357)
60
10.2
6.5
Pakistan
123
(0.567)
260
28.1
21.1
Sri
Lanka
75
(0.402)
35
22.1
5.8
Source:
Human
Development
Report
2013-‐
The
rise
of
the
South:
Human
Progress
in
a
Diverse
World
12. iii.
Health
Financing
Name
of
the
Country
Total
expenditure
on
health
as
percentage
of
GDP
General
Government
Expenditure
on
Health
as
Percentage
of
GDP
Out
of
Pocket
Expenditure
on
Health
as
percentage
of
Total
Health
Expenditure
Afghanistan
10.4
22.5
83.0
Bhutan
4.3
84.6
11.9
Bangladesh
3.7
36.5
63.4
India
3.7
28.2
61.1
Nepal
5.1
37.4
54.4
Maldives
6.2
60.8
28.2
Pakistan
2.8
28.2
50.4
Srilanka
3.5
45.6
44.9
14.
i.
Total
and
Wanted
FerNlity
Rates
Name
of
the
Country
Total
Fer2lity
Rate
Wanted
Fer2lity
Rate
Afghanistan
-‐
-‐
Bhutan
-‐
-‐
Bangladesh
2.3
1.6
India
2.7
1.9
Nepal
2.6
1.8
Maldives
2.5
2.2
Pakistan
4.1
3.1
Sri
Lanka
-‐
-‐
Source:
RespecNve
Country
latest
Demographic
and
Health
Surveys
15. ii.
ContracepNve
Prevalence
Rates
(CPR)
• CPR
for
the
countries
under
review
takes
only
married
women
into
account.
• Women’s
access
to
range
of
contracepNves
is
sNpulated
in
the
ICPD
PoA,
however
an
examinaNon
of
CPR
in
the
countries
under
review
shows
CPR
is
considerably
high
in
Sri
Lanka
(68%)
and
Bhutan
(65.6%),
while
it
is
very
low
in
Pakistan
(29.6%)
and
Afghanistan
(21.8%).
• Access
to
range
of
services
is
limited
to
few
opNons
eg:
– oral
contracepNve
pills
being
the
predominant
method
in
Bangladesh
– injectables
in
Afghanistan
– female
steralisaNon
in
India
leaving
fewer
contracepNve
opNons
for
women
to
choose
from
16. CPR-‐
Male
ContracepNon
• Male
contracepNon
as
percentage
of
total
contracepNon
is
very
low
in
all
the
countries
under
review
indicaNng
the
extent
of
(UNEQUAL)
shared
reproducNve
burden.
• Condom
usage
and
male
steralisaNon
are
key
male
contracepNon
methods.
• Condom
usage
is
highest
in
Maldives
(26.8%)
and
Pakistan
(23%).
It
needs
to
be
noted
the
overall
CPR
in
these
countries
is
quite
low.
• Among
the
countries,
male
steralisaNon
is
highest
in
Bhutan
and
Nepal.
• Male
involvement,
as
equal
partners,
in
decision-‐making
on
reproducNon
as
sNpulated
in
the
ICPD
PoA
seems
to
have
had
limited
headway
17.
iii.
Unmet
Need
for
ContracepNon
Name
of
the
Country
Spacing
Limi2ng
Unmet
need
Afghanistan
-‐
-‐
-‐
Bhutan
-‐
-‐
-‐
Bangladesh
(2011)
4.4
7.3
11.7
India(2005-‐06)
6.1
7.8
13.9
Nepal
(2011)
9.6
17.4
27
Maldives(2009)
15.0
13.6
28.6
Pakistan
(2007)
10.8
14.1
25.2
Sri
Lanka
(2007)
3.5
3.8
7.3
Source:
RespecNve
Country
latest
Demographic
and
Health
Surveys
18. iv.
Pregnancy
&
Childbirth
Related
Mortality
&
Morbidity
Name
of
the
Country
MMR
in
2010
Life2me
risk
of
maternal
death:
1
in
ICPD
Target
met?
Afghanistan
460
32
No
Bhutan
180
210
No
Bangladesh
240
170
No
India
200
170
No
Nepal
170
190
No
Maldives
60
870
Yes
Pakistan
260
110
No
Sri
Lanka
35
1200
Yes
World
Health
OrganizaNon.
(2012).
Trends
in
Maternal
Mortality:
1990
to
2010.
WHO,
UNICEF,
UNFPA
and
the
World
Bank
esNmates
19. Pregnancy
&
Childbirth
Related
Mortality
&
Morbidity
• Despite
progress
in
the
reducNon
in
maternal
deaths,
many
countries
such
as
India,
Pakistan,
Bangladesh,
Afghanistan
conNnue
have
high
maternal
deaths.
• The
causes
of
maternal
deaths
in
the
region
is
mostly:
–
Haemorrhage
(35%)
– Hypertension(17%)
– AborNon
(10%)
20.
IntervenNons
to
prevent
maternal
deaths-‐
EmOC
and…
Name
of
the
Country
Skilled
a_endance
at
birth
ICPD
target
is
90%
by
end
of
2010
Post
partum
care
(post
natal
visit
within
2
days
of
childbirth)
Antenatal
Care
(4
visits)
Afghanistan
34%
23%
16%
Bhutan
64.5%
-‐
77%
Bangladesh
26.5%
23%
23%
India
52.7%
(2007)
48%
50%
Nepal
36%
31%
29%
Maldives
94.8%
(2009)
67%
85%
Pakistan
38.8
(2006)
39%
28%
Srilanka
98.6%
(2006)
71%
93%
21. v.
Adolescent
Birth
Rates
Name
of
the
Country
Adolescent
Birth
Rates
Afghanistan
90.0
Bhutan
59.0
Bangladesh
133.4
India
38.5
Nepal
81.0
Maldives
15
Pakistan
16.1
Sri
Lanka
24.3
Source:
Latest
UN
staNsNcs,
Millenium
Development
Goals
Indicators
,
the
official
UN
site
for
MDG
indicators
Adolescent
Birth
Rate
22. vi.
Status
of
AborNon
Laws
in
the
countries
under
review
Name
of
the
Country
To
save
woman’s
life
Preserve
physical
health
Preserve
mental
health
Rape
or
incest
Foetal
Impairment
Economic
and
social
reasons
On
request
Afghanistan
x
-‐
-‐
-‐
-‐
-‐
-‐
Bhutan
x
x
x
x
-‐
-‐
-‐
Bangladesh
x
-‐
-‐
-‐
-‐
-‐
-‐
India
x
x
x
x
x
x
-‐
Nepal
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Maldives
x
x
-‐
-‐
-‐
-‐
-‐
Pakistan
x
x
x
-‐
-‐
-‐
-‐
Srilanka
x
-‐
-‐
-‐
-‐
-‐
-‐
Source:
World
AborNon
Policies
2012
23. AborNon
• Different
extremes
with
regards
to
women’s
access
to
safe
aborNon
services
–Nepal
has
legalised
aborNon
while
Afghanistan
and
Sri
Lanka
are
most
restricNve.
• Unplanned
and
unwanted
pregnancies
lead
to
unsafe
aborNons
which
are
either
self-‐
induced,
or
induced
by
untrained
pracNNoners,
leading
to
complicaNons
that
can
lead
to
maternal
deaths.
24. AborNon
• In
Bangladesh,
although
‘aborNon’
is
only
available
to
save
the
life
of
the
woman,
in
the
mid-‐70s,
the
government
slowly
started
introducing
menstrual
regulaNon
(MR)
services
as
an
opNon
for
early
terminaNon
of
pregnancy.
During
the
last
20
years,
menstrual
regulaNon
services
have
been
extended
throughout
Bangladesh
and
the
government
has
trained
over
10,000
physicians
and
other
health
care
providers,
primarily
family
welfare
visitors,
to
provide
menstrual
regulaNon
services.
25. AborNon
• Women
also
face
policy
barriers
such
as
mandatory
spousal
authorisaNon
for
aborNon
services
in
Maldives.
• In
Pakistan,
although
the
law
allows
aborNon
on
a
number
of
grounds,
it
is
usually
perceived
as
illegal.
• In
2002,
India
adopted
legislaNon
aimed
at
improving
access
to
safe
aborNon
faciliNes
by
moving
authoriNes
to
approve
faciliNes
from
the
state
level
to
the
district
level.
The
law,
which
is
intended
to
simplify
the
approval
process
for
new
faciliNes,
also
increases
criminal
penalNes
for
providers
and
facility
owners
who
operate
without
approval
26. vii.
ReproducNve
Cancers
• Most
of
the
countries
under
review
in
the
ARROW
ICPD+20
monitoring,
are
countries
in
low
resource
serngs.
• Early
screening
for
cancers
can
go
a
long
way
in
reducing
the
incidence
and
mortality
from
cervical
and
breast
cancers
• Health
systems
in
respecNve
countries
in
the
region
have
to
be
geared
to
put
in
place
effecNve
prevenNon
strategies,
early
detecNon,
which
comprises
of
diagnosis,
screening
including
cervical
cancer
screening,
HPV
tesNng,
mammography
screening,
treatment
and
palliaNve
care.
• Therefore,
populaNon-‐based
data
on
cancer
incidence
and
mortality
become
the
starNng
point
for
any
intervenNon
and
countries
need
to
start
collecNng
this
informaNon.
27. 6.
Key
Conclusions
-‐ReproducNve
Health
and
Rights
in
the
Region
• Progress
across
the
region
is
uneven
and
slow
with
regards
to
reproducNve
health
and
reproducNve
rights
indicators
with
no
one
country
having
made
progress
in
every
single
indicator
of
RH
and
RR.
• PoliNcal
will
of
governments
is
crucial
in
making
laws,
allocaNng
resources,
and
deploying
trained
staff
• Access
for
marginalised
groups
is
a
concern
across
all
countries,
with
women
who
are
poor,
less
educated,
live
in
remote
areas
and/or
rural
areas
and
hard
to
reach
areas
facing
greater
difficulNes
in
accessing
services
and
realising
the
autonomy
of
their
bodies
29. i.
Sexual
rights
of
adolescents
to
highest
atainable
standard
of
health
in
relaNon
to
sexuality
•
Progress
on
imparNng
sex
educaNon
and
sexuality
educaNon
to
adolescents
is
staggered
and
uneven.
• In
all
countries,
unmarried
young
people
sNll
face
many
barriers,
some
legal
and
some
socially
discriminatory,
to
accessing
SRH
services.
• It
is
clear
from
the
lack
of
provision
of
educaNon,
informaNon,
and
services
to
young
people
who
are
in
dire
need
of
these,
that
governments
in
the
region
are
hesitant
to
recognise
the
role
of
sexuality
beyond
its
funcNon
in
reproducNon.
30. ii.
Sexually
Transmited
InfecNons
• The
prevenNon
and
treatment
of
STI
in
the
countries
under
review
have
largely
been
driven
by
the
HIV
intervenNon
efforts.
• HIV
intervenNon
focuses
on
high-‐risk
behaviour
groups.
As
a
result,
the
larger
populaNon,
who
are
at
risk
of
STI
but
do
not
fall
under
the
high
risk
categories,
are
not
prioriNsed
for
prevenNon
and
treatment
programmes
31. iii.
HIV
AND
AIDS
• The
epidemic
in
the
region
is
largely
concentrated
among
higher
risk
groups
such
as
men
who
have
sex
with
men,
sex
workers
and
injectable
drug
users.
• Few
governments
in
the
region
have
addressed
sNgma
and
discriminaNon
through
laws,
policies
and
programme.
SNgma,
especially
for
the
vulnerable
populaNons,
hinders
access
to
HIV
treatment
and
care.
32. HIV
AND
AIDS
• Coverage
of
ART
remains
a
challenge
in
many
countries
in
the
region.
• In
designing
future
programmes
on
HIV
and
AIDS
it
is
imperaNve
to
note
that
not
all
sex
is
heterosexual
and
vaginal.
•
Gender
analysis
also
needs
to
take
into
account
the
role
of
sexuality
and
diversity
as
well
as
meanings
of
and
within
sexual
relaNons.
33. iv.
Legal
Age
and
Median
Age
at
Marriage
Name
of
the
Country
Women
Men
Median
age
at
marriage
for
women
Remarks
Afghanistan
16
18
17.7
Bhutan
18
18
Bangladesh
18
21
15
India
18
21
17.4
Nepal
20
20
17
Maldives
18
18
19.0
Government
policy
strictly
discourages
marriages
under
16
Pakistan
16
18
19.1
Sri
Lanka
18
18
22.4
Does
not
apply
to
Muslim
PopulaNon
34. v.
Marriages:
Arranged
and
Forced
• In
Bhutan,Maldives,
Nepal
and
Sri
Lanka
–
the
legal
age
of
marriage
is
the
same
for
both
men
and
women.
In
other
countries,
the
legal
age
of
marriage
of
women
tends
to
be
lower
than
that
of
men.
• Afghanistan,
and
Pakistan
in
the
region
have
a
legal
age
of
marriage
under
18.
• Arranged
and
forced
marriages
are
both
quite
common
and
deeply
embedded
in
the
cultures
and
tradiNons
of
South
Asia.
•
Afghanistan
Independent
Human
Rights
Commission
esNmates
that
over
38%
of
women
have
been
vicNms
of
forced
marriage
35. vi.
Sexual
Violence
Against
Women
• Rape:
Out
of
the
countries
examined
here,
with
the
excepNon
of
Maldives,
all
countries
have
laws
against
rape
and
these
usually
exist
within
the
penal
code
or
the
criminal
code.
However,
any
barriers
remain
prevenNng
jusNce
for
vicNm-‐
survivors
of
rape.
• Marital
rape:
Marital
rape
is
a
contested
issue
in
almost
all
the
countries
in
the
region.
In
India
marital
rape
legislaNon
is
part
of
the
overall
domesNc
violence
laws,
however
counteracNng
laws
exist
that
counter
marital
rape.
36. Sexual
Violence
Against
Women
• Sexual
Harassment:
Provisions
for
anN-‐sexual
harassment
in
the
workplace
exist
in
Afghanistan,
Bangladesh,
Bhutan,
Maldives,
Nepal,
and
Sri
Lanka,
and
these
provisions
are
part
of
the
labour
law
in
Bangladesh,
and
Pakistan.
• Trafficking:
Trafficking
laws
seem
to
be
in
place
in
most
countries
seem
to
be
in
place,
the
implementaNon
and
enforcement
of
such
laws
is
quesNonable
in
the
region
37. vii.
Trafficking
• Afghanistan
is
a
source,
transit,
and
desNnaNon
country
for
men,
women,
and
children
subjected
to
forced
labour
and
sex
trafficking.
According
to
the
Ministry
of
the
Interior,
trafficking
within
Afghanistan
is
more
prevalent
than
transnaNonal
trafficking.
• In
India,
evidence
shows
that
trafficking
of
girls
and
young
women
for
sexual
exploitaNon
and
other
abusive
purposes
is
rampant.
According
to
the
2006
CEDAW
Shadow
Report,
intra-‐country
trafficking
is
very
high,
and
it
was
also
noted
that
94%
of
trafficked
women
are
from
rural
India
and
from
the
lower
socioeconomic
levels.
38. viii.
Sex
work
• All
21
countries
in
Asia
Pacific
under
review
criminalise
sex
work
or
certain
acNviNes
related
to
sex
work.
• All
forms
of
sex
work
including
sex
work
in
private,
soliciNng
sex
and
brothel
keeping
are
illegal
in
Afghanistan,
Bhutan,
Maldives,
and
Pakistan
in
South
Asia.
• CriminalisaNon
of
sex
work
or
of
some
forms
of
sex
work
legiNmises
violence
and
discriminaNon.
Incidents
of
sexual
assaults
by
police
and
military
personnel
against
sex
workers
has
been
reported
in
Bangladesh,
India,Nepal,
and
Sri
Lanka.
39. ix.
Status
of
diverse
sexual
and
gender
idenNNes
• In
most
of
the
countries
in
the
region,
the
laws
are
silent
on
same-‐sex
sexual
preference,
and
hence,
it
is
not
criminalised.
• Among
the
countries
monitored,
same-‐sex
sexual
relaNons
(both
male
to
male
and
female
to
female)
is
illegal
in
Afghanistan,
Bhutan,
Maldives
and
Sri
Lanka.
Female
to
female
relaNons
are
not
illegal
in
Bangladesh,
India,
Pakistan.
Same-‐sex
sexual
relaNons
are
not
illegal
in
Nepal.
40. x.
Transgenderism
• Nepal
seems
to
be
the
most
progressive
country
in
the
region,
having
decriminalised
laws
which
control
sexuality
and
having
recognised
sexual
minoriNes
as
ciNzens
with
equal
rights
regardless
of
sexual
orientaNon
and
gender
idenNty.
• Transgendered
people
are
now
able,
through
a
Supreme
Court
ruling
to
amend
the
ConsNtuNon,
to
obtain
ciNzenship
with
the
idenNty
of
the
third
gender.
A
government
commitee
had
also
been
set
up
to
review
the
marriage
system
to
amend
it
accordingly
with
this
new
ruling.
41. 9.
Key
Conclusions-‐
Sexual
Health
&
Rights
• Sexual
health
is
sNll
being
framed
in
limited
paradigms
across
the
region.
• PoliNcal
will
of
governments
is
crucial
in
recognising
the
sexual
health
and
sexual
rights
of
ciNzens
• Sexual
rights
are
not
as
contenNous
as
perceived
with
many
aspects
of
sexual
rights
have
been
accepted
and
legislated
by
the
governments.
42. 10.
Key
recommendaNons
• There
is
need
for
policy
change
underpinned
by
commitment
to
the
ICPD
POA,
with
respect
to
reproducNve
rights
and
sexual
rights.
• Ensure
universal
access
to
comprehensive,
affordable,
quality,
gender-‐sensiNve
services
to
enable
the
realisaNon
of
the
highest
standard
of
sexual
and
reproducNve
health.
• Ensure
conNnued,
commited
and
sustained
investments
in
women’s
SRHR
by
governments
and
donors.
• Ensure
SRHR
of
all
are
fully
realised
and
exercised,
especially
those
of
young
people
and
adolescents
,
those
with
diverse
sexual
orientaNon
and
marginalised
groups
43. Reference:
RECLAIMING
&
REDEFINING
RIGHTS
ICPD
+
20:
Status
of
Sexual
and
ReproducNve
Health
and
Rights
in
Asia
Pacific
(2013)
htp://www.arrow.org.my/publicaNons/ICPD+20/ICPD
+20_ARROW_AP.pdf