1. Data Management Part 2
ILRI Graduate Fellows skills training
Nairobi 12 November 2013

2. Session Objectives
• Be able to describe the use and application of GPS and GIS data capture
tools – introductory level.
• Be able to get your data ready for analysis, store data in database servers and
to access database server from statistical packages (STATA, SPSS, R)
• Be able to clean data in database servers
• Be able to carry out basic data querying scripts using SQL
• Be able to make your data available – portals, repositories, etc.
• Explore ethics – open access, acknowledgements, data ownership,
confidentiality

3. Research Process
• Problem definition
• Literature review
• Objective & hypothesis
• Study design
• Sampling
• Data collection
• Data management
• Formal analysis
• Reporting
• Publication
• Data archiving or
publication
Project development implementation Communicating findings
Definition of problem
domain & how the
specific problem fits in
Identification of gaps,
appropriate methods &
theory
Research will approve or
disapprove the hypothesis
Research strategy to be
used, sample size,
sampling frame
 Sample selection
 Data collection tools
 Database development and
data cleaning
 Exploration, description,
modelling & interpretation
of statistical outputs
 Choice of reporting
media & format
 Advise on presentation
of results
 Data sharing media

4. Overview
• Introduction to IP
• Overview of Intellectual Property Rights
• Open access
• Acknowledgments
• Data ownership
• Confidentiality

5. Intellectual property
• Intellectual Property (IP) refers to creations of
the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works,
and symbols, names, images, and designs used
in commerce.
• IP is the protection, promotion or recognition of
the work of the mind through rewards,
incentives as well as legal mechanisms for the
enforcement or vindication of these rights in the
case of infringement.

6. Categories of Intellectual Property
• IP is broadly classified in three main
categories being;
– Trade Marks,
– Patents and
– Copyright

7. Patent
• What is a Patent?
– A Patent is a legal document granted by a State that
secures to the holder, for a limited period, the right to
exclude others from making, using, selling, offering for
sale, and importing the patented subject matter
(invention)

8. Patentable subject matter
• Any new and useful process, product,
composition of matter, or any improvement
thereof, may be patented, on condition that such
invention is:
– Novel
– involves an inventive step i.e. must not be
obvious to a person of ordinary skills in that
field of art, and
– industrially applicable

9. Cont/. What is not Patentable?
• Methods of treatments of both human and animals
by surgery or therapy as well as diagnostic
methods practice thereto, except products for use
thereof.
• One cannot obtain biotechnological patent
protection for plant or animal varieties, or
essentially biological processes for the production
of plants or animals.
• Inventions contrary to public order, morality,
public health and safety, principles of humanity
and environmental conservation

10. Examples
• Safety pins

11. Examples
• Paper matchbox

12. Duration of Patent
• Patents exist for at least 20 years which is
another Trade on Related Aspects of IP Rights(
TRIPS) standard.
• Term is non-renewable
• They are territorial in nature, enforceable only
in the country that granted them

13. Copyright
• What is Copyright?
– Simply is “the right to make copies”
– Copyright protection subsist in any original
works of art and authorship once fixed in any
tangible medium of expression, from which
they can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise
communicated, either directly or with the aid of
a machine or device
A cautionary Note!
– Copyright only extent as much to the
expressions of and NOT to the underlying
ideas or facts.

14. Subject matter of Copyright
• Literary works
• Musical works, including any wordings
• Dramatic works, including any music
• Pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works
• Motion pictures and other audiovisual works
• Sound recordings
• computer programs or software, tables and
compilation of data
• Architectural works

15. What does copyright protect?
• Copyright law protect the author of work against
wilful acts of:
– Copying, reprinting, publishing and vending the
copyrighted work
– Displaying, delivering, reading or presenting
copyrighted work in public
– Performing publicly e.g drama, musical composition
– Producing and distributing to the public
– Adapting, compiling, arranging, dramatizing
translating or any other version of copyrighted works
in public

16. Requirements for copyright Protection
• Originality
– Independent creation
– modest quantum of creativity
• Fixation
– Works of authorship(intangible)
– Material object

17. Duration of Copyright
• It subsists for the life of the owner plus 50
years in Kenya
• Varies in each country.

18. Open Access
• Definition; Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free
of charge, and free of financial, legal, or technical restrictions.
• By "open access" to this literature, it means free availability on
the public internet, permitting any users to read, download,
copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these
articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to
software, or use them for any other lawful purpose
• What laws bind you?
– IP laws
– Contract law
– ILRI IP (IA) Policies

19. ILRI Open Access Policy
• ILRI Intellectual Property Policy
• CGIAR Principles on the Management of
Intellectual Assets (CGIAR IA Principles)
• Implementation Guidelines (CGIAR IA
Principles)

20. ILRI Open Access Policy
• All Intellectual Assets produced or acquired
by ILRI shall be managed in ways that
maximize their global accessibility and/or
ensure that they lead to the broadest
possible impact on target beneficiaries in
support of the ILRI and CGIAR Vision

21. Creative
• A standardized way to grant copyright
permissions to creative work.

22. The Licenses
2. Attribution
• This license lets others distribute, remix,
tweak, and build upon your work, even
commercially, as long as they credit you
for the original creation.

23. The Licenses
3. Attribution-ShareAlike
• This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon
your work even for commercial purposes, as long as
they credit you and license their new creations
under the identical terms. All new works based on
yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives
will also allow commercial use.

24. The Licenses
4. Attribution-NoDerivs
• This license allows for redistribution,
commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is
passed along unchanged and in whole, with
credit to you.

25. The Licenses
5. Attribution-NonCommercial
• This license lets others remix, tweak, and build
upon your work non-commercially, and although
their new works must also acknowledge you and
be non-commercial, they don’t have to license
their derivative works on the same terms.

26. The Licenses
6. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs
• This license is the most restrictive of the six main
licenses, only allowing others to download your
works and share them with others as long as they
credit you, but they can’t change them in any way
or use them commercially.

27. Acknowledgements
ILRI Institutional Strategy on Research Publishing
• Any person making significant intellectual contributions to the design,
implementation, analysis and interpretation of work being published
should be named as authors.
• People who make significant contributions in collection of data,
assisting in technical operations, managing research animals or plants,
and providing routine analysis should be acknowledged for their
contributions.
• Acknowledgement to donors/funding agencies that supported the
particular research that generated the publication should also be made,
along with acknowledgement of the support of the CGIAR.

28. Data Ownership
CGIAR Principles on the Management of Intellectual Assets
• International Public Goods
• The CGIAR regards the results of its research and development
activities as international public goods and is committed to their
widespread diffusion and use to achieve the maximum possible access,
scale, scope of impact and sharing of benefits to advantage the poor,
especially farmers in developing countries
• ILRI Institutional Strategy on Research Publishing 2011.
• ILRI should produce ‘international public goods’ whose benefits can be
accessed and taken up internationally. The goods need to ‘travel’.
• Through appropriate licenses(CC), ILRI ensures that authors are credited

29. Cont/. Data Ownership
• Use of third party IP
ILRI may enter into agreements for the acquisition
and use of third party Intellectual Assets that
restrict the global accessibility of the
products/services resulting from the use of such
Intellectual Assets for commercialization, research
and development .
• Accountability must be adhered to while respecting
and without infringing third party IP rights.

30. Confidentiality
General rule
“The Consortium and the Centres shall promptly and broadly
disseminate their research results”
Exception
Restrictions associated with filing and registration of IP
rights.
Procedure.
“Before Intellectual Assets at the Centre level are publicly
disclosed, such public disclosure should be approved
following the Centre's internal approval procedure.”

31. Your graduate fellowship contract?

32. The presentation has a Creative Commons licence. You are free to re-use or distribute this work, provided credit is given to ILRI.
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