ARTIFICIAL brain ......AI Artificial brain (or artificial mind) is a term commonly used in the media[1] to describe research that aims to develop software and hardware with cognitive abilities similar to those of the animal or human brain. Research investigating "artificial brains" and brain emulation plays three important roles in science: An ongoing attempt by neuroscientists to understand how the human brain works, known as cognitive neuroscience. A thought experiment in the philosophy of artificial intelligence, demonstrating that it is possible, at least in theory, to create a machine that has all the capabilities of a human being. A long term project to create machines exhibiting behavior comparable to those of animals with complex central nervous system such as mammals and most particularly humans. The ultimate goal of creating a machine exhibiting human-like behavior or intelligence is sometimes called strong AI. An example of the first objective is the project reported by Aston University in Birmingham, England[2] where researchers are using biological cells to create "neurospheres" (small clusters of neurons) in order to develop new treatments for diseases including Alzheimer's, motor neurone and Parkinson's disease. The second objective is a reply to arguments such as John Searle's Chinese room argument, Hubert Dreyfus' critique of AI or Roger Penrose's argument in The Emperor's New Mind. These critics argued that there are aspects of human consciousness or expertise that can not be simulated by machines. One reply to their arguments is that the biological processes inside the brain can be simulated to any degree of accuracy. This reply was made as early as 1950, by Alan Turing in his classic paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence".[3] The third objective is generally called artificial general intelligence by researchers.[4] However, Ray Kurzweil prefers the term "strong AI". In his book The Singularity is Near, he focuses on whole brain emulation using conventional computing machines as an approach to implementing artificial brains, and claims (on grounds of computer power continuing an exponential growth trend) that this could be done by 2025. Henry Markram, director of the Blue Brain project (which is attempting brain emulation), made a similar claim (2020) at the Oxford TED conference in 2009.

1. By:-
A VAMSHI KRISHNA

2. CONTENTS
Introduction
Approaches Used
Recent Development
Blue Brain Project
CAM Brain Machine
Human Brain Vs Cam Brain
Overall Configuration
Need
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
Reference

3. Artificial brain (or artificial mind) is a term commonly used
in the media to describe research that aims to develop
software and hardware with cognitive abilities similar to
those of the animal or human brain.

4. Idea Plays Three Important
Role In Science
 An ongoing attempt by the neuroscientist to
understand how the human brain works.
 A thought experiment in the philosophy of
artificial intelligence , demonstrating that it is
possible, in theory, to create a machine that has
all the capabilities of a human being.
A serious long term project to create strong
AI (a machine as intelligent as a human being).

5. Different Approaches Used For
Artificial Brain
 Artificial neurons on a parallel platform, such as
e.g. the CAM Brain Machine.
 Holographic Neural Technology (HNT) non linear
phase coherence/de -coherence principles.

6. In November 2008, IBM received a $4.9 million
grant from the Pentagon for research into creating
intelligent computers.
A network of artificial nerves is growing in
a Swiss supercomputer meant to simulate
a natural brain, cell-for-cell. The
researchers at work on "Blue Brain"
promise new insights into the sources of
human consciousness.

7. The Blue Brain Project is an attempt to create
a synthetic brain by reverse-engineering the
mammalian brain down to the molecular level.
The aim of the project, founded in May 2005
by the Brain and Mind Institute of the École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
in Switzerland, is to study the brain's
architectural and functional principles.
The process will involve building a Blue Gene supercomputer
with 8,000 processors that can roar along at 23 trillion operations
per second. Each processor will be used to simulate one or two
neurons. If finished immediately, the machine would be one of the
five fastest supercomputers in the world.

8. A research tool of an artificial brain
Consists of approx. 40,000 neural
modules
Neural modules evolves in hardware
using Genetic Algorithms

9. A network of 1014 neurons
Data transfer by electric signals
Dendrite cells (neurons Input):- Collect signals and pass them to the
neuron
Neurons:- “Decide” when to initiate a signal
Axon cells (neurons Output) :- Propagate neuron signals

10.  1014 Neurons 4*107Neurons
 Speed: 100+ M./sec Approx.
speed. Of light
 Natural Evolution “Designable”

11. ARTIFICIAL BRAIN SYSTEM –
OVERALL CONFIGURATION
Auditory ModuleVision Module
Service Module
(Agent)
Knowledge-Base
Stereo-
Camera
Stereo-
Microphone
Speaker
Face
Recognition
Expression
Recognition
Object
Recognition
Speech
Separation
Sound
Localization
Speech
Recognition
Speaker
Recognition
Attention
Area
Response
Sentence
Generation
Context
Analysis
Dialog
Manager
Robot Head
Movement
TCP/IP
Text-to-
Speech
Robot Control

12. We have achieved a great development of computer
technologies, but the ability of machines is limited to simple
tasks which require human beings have to order what to do.
We lack the specific and concrete algorithms to solve
practical problems in the real world.
A human brain is the best model in solving practical problems
in the real world, and we came up with neural networks based
on the human neural information processing.

13.  Remembering things without any effort.
 Making decision without the presence of a person.
 Using intelligence of a person after the death .
 Understanding the activities of animals .
 Allowing the deaf to hear via direct nerve stimulation.
 We become dependent upon the computer .
 Others may use technical knowledge against us.
 Another fear is found with respect to human cloning.
 A very costly procedure of regaining the memory back.

14. We will be able to transfer ourselves into computers at some point.
It will bring both benefits and harm to human society .
Eventually aim of applying terrific computer power to the simulation
of an entire brain.
Very soon this technology will be highly accepted whole over the
world.

15. REFERENCE
I. http://www.artificialbrains.com
II. http://www.dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=591856
III. http://www.wikipedia.org
IV. http://www.bluebrain.epfl.ch
V. http://www.kurzweilai.net