User Modelling

1. AI in Smart
Environments
ARI2132
vanessa.camilleri@um.edu.mt

2. Topic 3: Overview
• User Models
• Recommender Systems
• Case Highlights: understanding user preferences in
recommender systems
• Case Highlights: sentient destination prediction
2

3. User Models
• Interaction concepts in novel devices;
• HCI & intelligent space
• People utilise interactive equipment to solve the
interactive tasks
• Equipment, Human & Task: 3 basic elements in the
smart space

4. Smart Interaction Space

5. Resource Model
• RID
• Name
• Direct
• Modal
• Ability[]
• Personality[]
• Environment[]

6. Task Model
• TID
• Name
• Type
• Subtask[]
• Action[]
• Environment[]

7. Human Model
• HID
• Status[]
• PhysicsParameters[]
• PhysiologicalParameters[]
• PsychologicalParameters[]
• Personality[]
• Environment[]

8. Human-Task-Resource
Model

9. Challenges
A. Cognitive gap Between Tasks and Resources
B. Cognitive Burden Between Resources and Users

10. Cognitive gap Between
Tasks and Resources

11. Cognitive Burden Between
Resources and Users

12. Task Analysis
• Task Decomposition
• Subtask[]
• Action[]
• Process Tasks
• Knowledge base
• Creative Tasks
• Creative thought

13. Ability Matching

15. User & Resource Model

16. Smart Environment
• Interaction only between user and the space
• Simplified resource model:
• merging models of different devices with same
channel
• unitising similar parameters of different devices
• reducing the operation interface of devices

17. User Modelling
• Physical
• Physiological
• Psychological

18. Context Model

19. Usability Experiments

20. Task Models

21. Task Model - Team
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<taskmodel name="Performing a conference" role="Team">
<roles>
<role name="Chair" file="Chair.xml"/>
<role name="Presenter" file="Presenter.xml"/>
</roles>
<task name="Perform Conference Session">
<task name="Manage presentations"
operator="disabling" iterative="true">
<task name="Introduce talk" operator="enabling"
startTrigger=
"Chair.oneInstance.IntroducePresenter.start"
endTrigger=
"Chair.oneInstance.IntroducePresenter.end">
</task>
<task name="Present"
startTrigger=
"Presenter.oneInstance.IntroduceTalk.start"
endTrigger=
"Presenter.oneInstance.EndTalk.end">
</task>
</task>
<task name="Discuss"
startTrigger="Presenter.allInstances.EndTalk.end"
endTrigger="Chair.allInstances.CloseSession.end">
</task>
</task>
</taskmodel>

22. Task Model - Chair
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<taskmodel name="Chairing a session" role="Chair">
<task name="Chair session">
<task name="Introduce session" operator="enabling" />
<task name="Introduce presenter"
operator="disabling" iterative="true">
</task>
<task name="Open discussion"
operator="enabling"
precondition="Presenter.allInstances.EndTalk">
</task>
<task name="Close session"/>
</task>
</taskmodel>