The document defines argumentation as the process of forming reasons and conclusions to apply to a discussion or debate. It also discusses the purpose of argumentation as discovering truth and ideas, rather than "winning" an argument. Additionally, it provides examples of common logical fallacies used in arguments such as straw man, slippery slope, ad hominem, hasty generalization, and appeal to popularity. Recognizing these fallacies helps improve critical thinking and argumentation skills.

1. •
•

2. DEFINITION
• the act or process of
forming reasons and of
drawing conclusions
and applying them to a
case in discussion
• the process of making
others accept your
ideas

3. • single reason
• single
objection
• one piece of
evidence

4. • a way of logical inference that is
based on constructing and
evaluating arguments, each of
which provides reasons for a
particular claim
• calls for a chain of reasons

5. THE FORUM
• lies between formal debate
or informal discussion
• two appointed speakers
• followed by open forum to
challenged or request
clarification of claim
types

6. • before closing, speakers
are given time to
supplement or alter their
statement
• PURPOSE IS TO DISCOVER
TRUTH AND IDEAS NOT TO
WIN AN ARGUMENT

7. • need not be a formal
exchange of opinions
• can be an ordinary
discussion
• does not stick to one subject
You're too
young to
understand the
issues!
I'm 30 years old,
and you didn't
even address my
argument

8. You're too
young to
understand the
issues!
I'm 30 years old,
and you didn't
even address my
argument

9. Intentionally misrepresenting
the other side's argument to
make it easier to defeat
instead of addressing the
other side's actual argument
We can't spend
all of our money
on marketing!
Not all of our
money! I just said I
want a small
increase in the
marketing budget.

10. The argument that one event
will lead to a series of events
and eventually will lead to
something very bad
If I don't study for
my test, I'll fail
chemistry, get a
low GPA, and I'll
never get into
college!

11. Let's see
if we can
identify some
logical fallacies

12. "If we lower the voting
age to 16, then next
thing you know kids
who are 14 will want to
vote. Pretty soon we
will have people who
are 10 years old
voting!"
That's not an
argument, that is:
A. Ad Hominem
B. Straw Man
C. Slippery Slope

13. That's not an
argument, that is:
A. Ad Hominem
B. Straw Man
C. Slippery Slope
"If we lower the voting
age to 16, then next
thing you know kids
who are 14 will want to
vote. Pretty soon we
will have people who
are 10 years old
voting!"

14. That's not an
argument, that is:
A. Ad Hominem
B. Straw Man
C. Slippery Slope
"Self-driving
cars should be
supported
because they
will help create
safer roads."
"You value
technology over
people supporting
their families!
That's a terrible
position to have on
the topic!"

15. • Support your claim with
facts, and reasons.
• Do not lose your
temper.Keep cool.
• Attack the argument, not
the the one who is
arguing.
• Develop poise and self-
control.
• Concentrate on your
argument and on those of
your opponent.

16. That's not an
argument, that is:
A. Ad Hominem
B. Straw Man
C. Slippery Slope
"Self-driving
cars should be
supported
because they
will help create
safer roads."
"You value
technology over
people supporting
their families!
That's a terrible
position to have on
the topic!"

17. That's not an
argument, that is:
A. Ad Hominem
B. Straw Man
C. Slippery Slope
Why would I listen to
your thoughts on
prison reform? I know
who you voted for last
election. I think you
have terrible
judgement!

18. That's not an
argument, that is:
A. Ad Hominem
B. Straw Man
C. Slippery Slope
Why would I listen to
your thoughts on
prison reform? I know
who you voted for last
election. I think you
have terrible
judgement!

19. Let's learn a
few more
logical fallacies

20. Distracting from the
real issue with an
irrelevant point or
piece of information

21. Making a claim or
drawing a conclusion
without having enough
information
My friend took a
philosophy class and said
it was so challenging. All
philosophy classes must
be hard. I'm never taking
one!

22. The argument that
because something is
popular it is good or
the truth
All these people
agree with me.
I'm definitely
right!

23. Let's see if we
can identify
some more
logical fallacies

24. That's not an
argument, that is:
A. Red Herring
B. Hasty Generalization
C. Ad Populum
Good morning, officer. I
know you pulled me over
for speeding, but don't you
think there are bigger
crimes going on right
now? You shouldn't give
me a ticket.

25. That's not an
argument, that is:
A. Red Herring
B. Hasty Generalization
C. Ad Populum
Good morning, officer. I know
you pulled me over for
speeding, but don't you think
there are bigger crimes going
on right now? You shouldn't
give me a ticket.

26. That's not an
argument, that is:
A. Red Herring
B. Hasty Generalization
C. Ad Populum
The iPhone is the best
Smartphone because
it is the most popular
Smartphone in the
United States.

27. That's not an
argument, that is:
A. Red Herring
B. Hasty Generalization
C. Ad Populum
The iPhone is the best
Smartphone because
it is the most popular
Smartphone in the
United States.

28. That's not an
argument, that is:
A. Red Herring
B. Hasty Generalization
C. Ad Populum
I once met someone
with that major. She
was so nice! I bet
everyone who studies
that is nice too.

29. That's not an
argument, that is:
A. Red Herring
B. Hasty Generalization
C. Ad Populum
I once met someone
with that major. She
was so nice! I bet
everyone who studies
that is nice too.

30. Understanding logical
fallacies will allow you to
avoid them while making
arguments. You will also be
equipped to call out logical
fallacies when you hear them.