The document discusses a debate scenario between Toby and Michael, highlighting the use of logical fallacies by Michael due to his lack of preparation. It explains various types of logical fallacies, such as ad hominem, straw man, and slippery slope, providing examples of how individuals might use these tactics to undermine arguments. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding logical fallacies to enhance argumentation skills and recognize flawed reasoning.

1. Logical
Fallacies
Argument
and
Reasoning

2. Scenario:
Toby and Michael are debating an issue. Toby
is presenting an argument with facts and
logical conclusions. Michael is not prepared
for this debate, so he cannot present a
meaningful, cohesive argument. He uses
other tactics that are not productive to the
discussion. What types of things might
Michael resort to saying to try and make it
seem like he has an actual point?
THINK

3. P
A
I
R
Share your
answer
with your
partner
Scenario:
Toby and Michael are debating
an issue. Toby is presenting an
argument with facts and logical
conclusions. Michael is not
prepared for this debate, so he
cannot present a meaningful,
cohesive argument. He uses
other tactics that are not
productive to the discussion.
What types of things might
Michael resort to saying to try
and make it seem like he has an
actual point?

4. S
H
A
R
E
Decide
what
answer to
share with
the class
Scenario:
Toby and Michael are debating
an issue. Toby is presenting an
argument with facts and logical
conclusions. Michael is not
prepared for this debate, so he
cannot present a meaningful,
cohesive argument. He uses
other tactics that are not
productive to the discussion.
What types of things might
Michael resort to saying to try
and make it seem like he has an
actual point?

5. These tactics often are
used when people do
not have a good
argument or are not
knowledgeable about
the topic.
Some of these tactics
are also forms of
logical fallacies.
Name
Calling
Using False
Information
Changing
the Subject
Exaggeratin
g

6. • Learn about the concept
of a logical fallacy
• Learn about common
logical fallacies
• Attempt to identify
logical fallacies
Today We Will:

7. • An argument that may seem
strong, but is proven wrong
with reasoning and further
examination
• Often meant to confuse or
mislead
Logical Fallacy

8. • Ad Hominem
• Straw Man
• Slippery Slope
• Red Herring
• Hasty
Generalization
• Ad Populum
Examples of
Logical Fallacies:

9. Attacking the person
making the argument,
rather than addressing
the argument the person
is making
Ad Hominem
You're too
young to
understand
the issues!
I'm 30 years old,
and you didn't
even address my
argument

10. Intentionally
misrepresenting the other
side's argument to make it
easier to defeat instead of
addressing the other side's
actual argument
Straw Man
We can't spend
all of our money
on marketing!
Not all of our
money! I just said
I want a small
increase in the
marketing
budget.

11. The argument that one
event will lead to a series of
events and eventually will
lead to something very bad
Slippery Slope
If I don't study
for my test, I'll
fail chemistry,
get a low GPA,
and I'll never get
into college!

12. I
D
E
N
T
I
F
Y
Let's see
if we can
identify some
logical fallacies

13. I
D
E
N
T
I
F
Y
"If we lower the
voting age to 16, then
next thing you know
kids who are 14 will
want to vote. Pretty
soon we will have
people who are 10
years old voting!"
That's not an
argument, that
is:
A. Ad Hominem
B. Straw Man
C. Slippery
Slope

14. I
D
E
N
T
I
F
Y
That's not an
argument, that
is:
A. Ad Hominem
B. Straw Man
C. Slippery
Slope
"If we lower the
voting age to 16, then
next thing you know
kids who are 14 will
want to vote. Pretty
soon we will have
people who are 10
years old voting!"

15. I
D
E
N
T
I
F
Y
That's not an
argument, that
is:
A. Ad Hominem
B. Straw Man
C. Slippery
Slope
"Self-driving
cars should be
supported
because they
will help create
safer roads."
"You value
technology over
people supporting
their families!
That's a terrible
position to have
on the topic!"

16. I
D
E
N
T
I
F
Y
That's not an
argument, that
is:
A. Ad Hominem
B. Straw Man
C. Slippery
Slope
"Self-driving
cars should be
supported
because they
will help create
safer roads."
"You value
technology over
people supporting
their families!
That's a terrible
position to have
on the topic!"

17. I
D
E
N
T
I
F
Y
That's not an
argument, that
is:
A. Ad Hominem
B. Straw Man
C. Slippery
Slope
Why would I listen
to your thoughts on
prison reform? I
know who you
voted for last
election. I think you
have terrible
judgement!

18. I
D
E
N
T
I
F
Y
That's not an
argument, that
is:
A. Ad Hominem
B. Straw Man
C. Slippery
Slope
Why would I listen
to your thoughts on
prison reform? I
know who you
voted for last
election. I think you
have terrible
judgement!

19. Let's learn a
few more
logical
fallacies

20. Red Herring
Distracting from the
real issue with an
irrelevant point or
piece of information
I know you
want the
company to
raise wages
because of our
increased
profits.
We currently
offer employees
great benefits!

21. Hasty
Generalization
Making a claim or
drawing a conclusion
without having
enough information
My friend took a
philosophy class and
said it was so
challenging. All
philosophy classes must
be hard. I'm never
taking one!

22. Ad Populum
The argument that
because something is
popular it is good or
the truth
All these people
agree with me.
I'm definitely
right!

23. I
D
E
N
T
I
F
Y
Let's see if we
can identify
some more
logical fallacies

24. I
D
E
N
T
I
F
Y
That's not an
argument, that
is:
A. Red Herring
B. Hasty
Generalization
C. Ad Populum
Good morning, officer. I
know you pulled me
over for speeding, but
don't you think there
are bigger crimes going
on right now? You
shouldn't give me a
ticket.

25. I
D
E
N
T
I
F
Y
That's not an
argument, that
is:
A. Red Herring
B. Hasty
Generalization
C. Ad Populum
Good morning, officer. I
know you pulled me over
for speeding, but don't you
think there are bigger
crimes going on right now?
You shouldn't give me a
ticket.

26. I
D
E
N
T
I
F
Y
That's not an
argument, that
is:
A. Red Herring
B. Hasty
Generalization
C. Ad Populum
The iPhone is the
best Smartphone
because it is the
most popular
Smartphone in the
United States.

27. I
D
E
N
T
I
F
Y
That's not an
argument, that
is:
A. Red Herring
B. Hasty
Generalization
C. Ad Populum
The iPhone is the
best Smartphone
because it is the
most popular
Smartphone in the
United States.

28. I
D
E
N
T
I
F
Y
That's not an
argument, that
is:
A. Red Herring
B. Hasty
Generalization
C. Ad Populum
I once met someone
with that major. She
was so nice! I bet
everyone who
studies that is nice
too.

29. I
D
E
N
T
I
F
Y
That's not an
argument, that
is:
A. Red Herring
B. Hasty
Generalization
C. Ad Populum
I once met someone
with that major. She
was so nice! I bet
everyone who
studies that is nice
too.

30. Understanding logical
fallacies will allow you to
avoid them while making
arguments. You will also
be equipped to call out
logical fallacies when you
hear them.