1. The document provides a guide for transliterating Arabic letters into English letters. It assigns the nearest English letter to each Arabic letter to avoid confusion in pronunciation. 2. Vowel points (harakat) in Arabic are also transliterated into English letters - fatḥa becomes A, kasra becomes E, ḍamma becomes O. 3. Each Arabic consonant letter is assigned a corresponding English letter, such as tha becoming t, jim becoming j, and so on. Different pronunciations of similar letters are also distinguished.

1. 1
Arabic Letters (Ĥoroof) in English
(Prepared by:- Moĥammad Alfaarooq ben Jainol-'Aabedeen ben 'Aaqel-'Alee
ben 'Osmaan ben Maĥmood ben Moŧee'ollaah
‫محمد‬‫الفاروق‬‫علي‬ ‫عاقل‬ ‫بن‬ ‫العابدين‬ ‫زين‬ ‫بن‬‫هللا‬ ‫مطيع‬ ‫بن‬ ‫محمود‬ ‫بن‬ ‫عثمان‬ ‫بن‬
Kaamel Ĥadeeŝ (M.A.) from Bangladesh,
B.A. in Public Administration from Saudi Arabia.
Email: mohammadalfaa@gmail.com; Sydney, Australia)
It is true that, it is not possible to use the exactly-correct-pronounced-letter from a
language to another language, such as from Arabic-letter to English-letter. Thus, to avoid
the confusion and mixing-up in the pronunciations, I have used the nearest English-
letters for Arabic-letters instead of confused & mixed-up letters (also vowel-
points/ĥarakaat) , such as:-
‫ث‬ = ŝ , instead of th ; because th can be read as dh (e.g. the = dhi, that = dhat),
‫ح‬ = ĥ , instead of h = ‫ه‬ ; to make clear different-pronunciation between ‫ح‬ and ‫ه‬
‫ذ‬ = ĵ , instead of dh ; because dh can be read as d (e.g. dhow = dow)
‫ج‬ = z , instead of j ; because writing-shape of ‫ج‬ is nearest to z .
English’s origin is Arabic via Latin & Hebrew, thus their writing-shape
nearly similar, such as: ‫ز‬ = j and ‫ج‬ = z ;
also, there are different pronunciations between American, Australian & British
English; thus there is no universal-agreement that ‫ج‬ = j or ‫ث‬ = th , etc,
wherein different scholars use the different English letters for an Arabic letter.
‫ز‬ = j , instead of z ; because writing-shape of ‫ز‬ is nearest to j ,
wherein English’s origin is Arabic via Latin & Hebrew, thus their writing-shape
nearly similar, such as: ‫ز‬ = j and ‫ج‬ = z
‫غ‬ = gh , instead of g ; because g can be read as j (e.g. general, ginger) instead of gh
‫ط‬ = ŧ , instead of t = ‫ت‬ ; to make clear different-pronunciation between ‫ت‬ and ‫ط‬
‫ظ‬ = ž , instead of j or z ; to make clear different-pronunciation between ‫ز‬ ، ‫ج‬ and ‫ظ‬
also instead of dh , ; because dh can be read as d (e.g. dhow = dow)
‫ص‬ = š , instead of s = ‫س‬ ; to make clear different-pronunciation between ‫س‬ and ‫ص‬
‫ض‬ = đ , instead of d = ‫د‬ ; to make clear different-pronunciation between ‫د‬ and ‫ض‬ ;
also instead of dh , ; because dh can be read as d (e.g. dhow = dow) .

2. 2
Arabic Vowel-Points (Ĥarakaat) in English
Fatĥa (Jabar) َ = A ; e.g. ‫م‬ = Ma, ‫ل‬ = La
Kasrah (Jer) َ = E ; e.g. ‫م‬ = Me, ‫ب‬ = Be, ‫ح‬ = Ĥe
Kasrah/Jer should not be write I ; because I can be read as Ai , e.g.
Library, Biology, Bible, Bilateral, Hide, Island, Idea, Iron.
Đammah (Pesh) َ = O ; e.g. ‫د‬ = Do , ‫ت‬ = To
Đammah/Pesh should not be write U ; because U can be read as Eu (e.g.
Cure, Unit, Uniform, Urine) or A (e.g. Uncle, Under, But).
Arabic Letters of Madde Ašlee/Ŧabee'ee )‫طبيعي‬ / ‫أصلي‬ ‫(مد‬ in English
Alef ( ‫ا‬ ) after Fatĥa ( ‫فتحة‬ ) = AA , e.g. ‫ا‬‫م‬ = Maa, ‫ال‬ = Laa
Ya ( ‫ي‬ ) after Kasrah ( ‫كسرة‬ ) = EE , e.g. ‫ي‬‫م‬ = Mee, ‫ي‬‫ل‬ = Lee
Oao ( ‫و‬ ) after Đammah ( ‫ضمة‬ ) = OO , e.g. ‫و‬‫م‬ = Moo, ‫و‬‫ل‬ = Loo
Different pronunciations in the similar letters:
‫أ‬ / ‫ء‬ = a /e /o / ` (apostrophe = ‫ء‬ ) : ‫أهلل‬ =Allaah, ‫ابن‬ =Ebn, ‫أسرة‬ = Osrah, ‫مالك‬ = Maalek,
‫مؤمن‬ = Mo`men, ‫قرأن‬ = Qor`aan
‫ع‬ = 'a / 'e / 'o / ' (inverted apostrophe = ‫ع‬ ) : ‫عبد‬ = 'Abd, ‫عباد‬ = 'Ebaad,
‫عمر‬ = 'Omar, ‫معبود‬ = Ma'bood
‫ت‬ = t : ‫توبة‬ = Taobah
‫ط‬ = ŧ : ‫طاهر‬ = Ŧaaher, ‫مصطفى‬ = Mošŧafaa
‫ث‬ = ŝ : ‫ثواب‬ = Ŝawaab, ‫كثير‬ = Kaŝeer, ‫حديث‬ = Ĥadeeŝ
‫س‬ = s : ‫سمآء‬ = Samaaa, ‫مسموع‬ = Masmoo'
‫ص‬ = š : ‫صابر‬ = Šaaber, ‫مصيبة‬ = Mošeebah
‫ش‬ = sh : ‫شمس‬ = Shams
‫ج‬ = z : ‫جنة‬ = Zannah, ‫مجيب‬ = Mozeeb
‫ز‬ = j : ‫زينة‬ = Jeenah, ‫زلزل‬ = Jeljal
‫ذ‬ = ĵ : ‫ذكر‬ = Ĵekr, ‫أذان‬ = Aĵaan, ‫مئذنة‬ = Me`ĵanah
‫ظ‬ = ž : ‫ظالم‬ = Žaalem, ‫مظلوم‬ = Mažloom
‫ح‬ = ĥ : ‫حميد‬ = Ĥameed, ‫محمد‬ = Moĥammad, ‫حديث‬ = Ĥadeeŝ
‫ه‬ = h : ‫هواء‬ = Hawaa
‫د‬ = d : ‫دين‬ = Deen, ‫مدينة‬ = Madeenah
‫ض‬ = đ : ‫ضياء‬ = Đeyaaa, ‫مضل‬ = Mođell
‫ق‬ = q : ‫قرآن‬ = Qor`aan, ‫فقيه‬ = Faqeeh
‫ك‬ = k : ‫كريم‬ = Kareem

3. 3
Arabic Letters (Ĥoroof) in English
‫أ‬ / ‫ء‬ = a /e /o / ‘ (apostrophe = ‫ء‬ ) : ‫أهلل‬ =Allaah, ‫ابن‬ = Ebn, ‫أسرة‬ = Osrah,
‫مالك‬ =Maalek, ‫مؤمن‬ = Mo`men, ‫قرأن‬ = Qor`aan
‫ب‬ = b : ‫بشر‬ = Bashar
‫ت‬ = t : ‫توبة‬ = Taobah
‫ث‬ = ŝ : ‫ثواب‬ = Ŝawaab, ‫كثير‬ = Kaŝeer, ‫حديث‬ = Ĥadeeŝ
‫ج‬ = z : ‫جنة‬ = Zannah, ‫مجيب‬ = Mozeeb
‫ح‬ = ĥ : ‫حميد‬ = Ĥameed, ‫محمد‬ = Moĥammad
‫خ‬ = kh : ‫خير‬ = Khair, ‫مختار‬ = Mokhtaar
‫د‬ = d : ‫دين‬ = Deen, ‫مدينة‬ = Madeenah
‫ذ‬ = ĵ : ‫ذكر‬ = Ĵekr, ‫أذان‬ = Aĵaan, ‫مئذنة‬ = Me`ĵanah
‫ر‬ = r : ‫رب‬ = Rabb
‫ز‬ = j : ‫زينة‬ = Jeenah, ‫زلزل‬ = Jeljal
‫س‬ = s : ‫سمآء‬ = Samaaa, ‫مسموع‬ = Masmoo’
‫ش‬ = sh : ‫شمس‬ = Shams
‫ص‬ = š : ‫صابر‬ = Šaaber, ‫مصيبة‬ = Mošeebah
‫ض‬ = đ : ‫ضياء‬ = Đeyaaa, ‫مضل‬ = Mođell
‫ط‬ = ŧ : ‫طاهر‬ = Ŧaaher, ‫مصطفى‬ = Mošŧafaa
‫ظ‬ = ž : ‫ظالم‬ = Žaalem, ‫مظلوم‬ = Mažloom
‫ع‬ = 'a/ 'e / 'e / ' (inverted apostrophe = ‫ع‬ ) : ‫عبد‬ = 'Abd, ‫عباد‬ = 'Ebaad, ‫عمر‬ = 'Omar,
‫معبود‬ = Ma'bood
‫غ‬ = gh : ‫غافل‬ = Ghaafel, ‫مغفور‬ = Maghfoor
‫ف‬ = f : ‫فاتحة‬ = Faateĥah
‫ق‬ = q : ‫قرآن‬ = Qor`aan, ‫فقيه‬ = Faqeeh
‫ك‬ = k : ‫كريم‬ = Kareem
‫ل‬ = L : ‫ليل‬ = Lail
‫م‬ = m : ‫مؤمن‬ = Mo`men
‫ن‬ = n : ‫نور‬ = Noor
‫و‬ = w/o : ‫ولد‬ = Walad, ‫محمود‬ = Maĥmood, ‫يوسوس‬ = Yowasweso
‫ه‬ = h : ‫هواء‬ = Hawaa
‫ي‬ = y / i / e : ‫يوم‬ = Yaom, ‫صيف‬ = Šaif, ‫رحيم‬ = Raĥeem .
‫أعلم‬ ‫وهللا‬ = Allaah (SWT) knows the best.