1. The rules of pronunciation of consonants
Learn how to pronounce consonants in words to improve your English
4/5/2014

2. Big Rub Table Bag
Lamb Climb Comb Thumb Dumb Entomb Tomb Bomb
Imp Note :- In the following words also do not pronounce the letter B but not in the last word, and the reason
that we must keep in mind the origin of the word ending with the letter B
WORD
Climber ‫المتسلق‬ Climb
Climbing ‫التسلق‬ Climb
Lambskin ‫جلد‬‫الخروف‬ Lamb
Bomber ‫اذ‬‫ق‬‫ف‬‫ة‬‫القنابل‬ Bomb
Debt Doubtless
Doubt Doubtful
Bombs Bomber Bombed Bombing
b b b b

3. When a constantis repeated twicein-a-row, it is only
pronounced onceas in
The exception is the letter " C "
Double Letter (BB)
Sincetheletter "b" is a consonant , you can count on only one "b" speaking as in the words
‫حرف‬‫س‬‫اكن‬‫يمكن‬‫ان‬‫نعتمد‬‫ع‬‫نطق‬‫حرف‬‫واحد‬‫فقط‬ "b" ‫بما‬‫ان‬‫حرف‬
Bubble Cabbage Ebb
Lobby Rubber Pebble
bubble ladder muff egg
(accent)

4. Cell Center Nice Rice Face City
Circle Citizen Bicycle Cylinder Agency Fancy
a) If they do not come after installation the following letters (e ,i ,y )it pronounces as like letter (k):-
Account According to Accurate ‫دقيق‬ Accuracy ‫ادلقة‬ accompany‫افق‬‫ر‬‫ي‬
b) If it came after installation CC letters ( E, I, y) ,the first letter (C) pronounces (K) and the second letter
(c) pronounces (s):-
accepet access accident succeed successful
a)if it came after letter (T) pronounces (‫-:)تش‬
Match ‫اة‬‫ر‬‫مبا‬ Watch ‫اقب‬‫ر‬‫ي‬ Kitchen Catch Watch ‫يد‬ ‫ساعة‬ Match ‫ثقاب‬ ‫عود‬
b) if they do not come after installation letter (T)also pronounces )‫-:(تش‬
Chair Chew Chip Chalk Much Leech Leach
Chose Chatter March Cheer Cheat Chop Challenging
Peaches Change Rich Channel Cherry Champagne Which
Each Teach Church Children Cheek Child Cheese
c)pronounces in the following words as a letter (k) and the letter (h) is silent:-
Character ‫طبع‬ Characteristic ‫ممزي‬ chemistery Ache Earache Headache
Backache School Stomach Toothache Anchor Archeology
Chemist Architect Archive Bronchitis Chameleon Chaos
Character Charisma Charismatic Chemical Chemistry Choir
Chemotherapy Chlorine Chord Chrome Chronic Echo
Choreography Chorus Christ Christian Christmas Orchid
Chronological Mechanic Monarchy Orchestra Psychiatry Psychiatrist
Stomach ache Pschology Pscho Schedule Scheme Scholar
Pschologist Synchronize Technologhy Technique Technician Zucchini

5. 50 ) English Words with 'ch' Pronounced /k/ - American English Pronounciation)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3npjwkJgBk&list=PLKUF3ac1bfAovT-HhbXHhVriTl7118_5D
d) pronounces (k)If it was preceded by the letter (S):-
School Scheme ‫بياىن‬ ‫رمس‬ Scholar ‫موهوب‬ Scholarship‫ية‬‫اس‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫منحة‬ Schooner ‫اعى‬‫رش‬ ‫كب‬‫ر‬‫م‬
local come cut cute cat traffic
do one og a d o d i ebt
bri ge Knowle ge fri ge
han some san wich a jective Han kerchief We nesday
Wanted= Wantid Pointed = pointid Guarded= guardid Handed = handid Waited = waitid
Added = addid Ended = endid Counted = countid Decided= decidid Divided = dividid
Looked=looket Reached=reachet Passed=passet Stopped=stopet Watched=watchet match =matchet
Finished=finishet Walked=walket Asked =asket Helped =helpet Cooked =cooket Fixed =fixet
Called Seemed opened Enjoyed Moved Rained Robbed played

6. Since theletter "d" is a consonant, you can count on only one "d" speaking as in thewords
‫مبا‬‫ان‬"d"‫حرف‬‫ساكن‬‫ميكننا‬‫ف‬‫الاعامتد‬‫عىل‬‫نطق‬"d"‫احدة‬‫و‬‫فقط‬‫كام‬‫يف‬‫الامثةل‬‫التالية‬
Odd Add Ladder Middle
Wedding Meddle Address Hidden
LETTER /F/
:-
 That word (of ) pronounces as a letter (V) =(UV)
 That word (OFF) pronounces as is (OFF)
Double (ff) pronounceonly one like this:-
Affected=afected Cliff=clif Difference=diference Difficult=dificult
Effect=efect Muff=muf Muffin=mufin Off= of
fit after if fat

7. Letter /g/
(G) (E, I, y) (G)
pronounces the letter Gin the following words Kdjim Egyptian came even after the letter Gletter Eor the letter I
(taken utter such words I heard).
Tiger Begin Anger Geese Get
Hunger Forgive Gild ‫يطلي‬‫بالذهب‬ Girl Gift
(G) (N)
Gnash ‫يصر‬‫بأسنانه‬ Gnome ‫قول‬،‫مأثور‬‫مثل‬ ‫نكد‬‫المزاج‬Gnarled resign
sign campaign foreigner ‫يقضم‬Gnaw
(G) (I-N) :-
Sign ‫إشارة‬ Design Foreign Designer Benign ‫رحيم‬
(GH) (F)
tough enough laugh cough
(gh)
daughter slaughter Fraught Ought to haughty
naughty Neighbor Sleigh Weigh Weight
Straight Through High height sigh
sight bright light night drought
‫الماضى‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫تصريف‬
Catch=caught Teach=taught Bring=brought Buy=bought
Think=thought Fight=fought Seek=sought
But there an exception to the above rule, where the letters (GH) wasn't pronounced in a few
words:-like=(although-though-sight-weigh-high)
Double( gg)  pronounce only one letter like this:-
Baggage=bagage Egg=eg Luggage=lugage Ragged=raged
Smuggle=smugle Snuggle=snugle Stagger=stager Struggle=strugle
Giraffe Algebra ‫علم‬‫الجبر‬ Logic ‫المنطق‬ ‫علم‬ Gem ‫جوهرة‬
Ginger ‫زنجبيل‬ Digest ‫يهضم‬‫الطعام‬ Biology General

8. Letter (h)
( ‫ه‬) -
Like = hot hat has hello hip hung
Like= (ah-oh)
(H) (G, K, R)
Like = ghost- Ghastly (Kh) like = Khedive‫خديوي‬ -Khan
(H) ( EX ) (VE)
Like = Exhaust Exhort Exhilarate Vehement Vehicle
Hour ‫ساعة‬ Heir ‫وريث‬ Shepherdess ‫راعية‬ Honest ‫صادق‬ Honour ‫الشرف‬
Hourly ‫متواصل‬ ‫بشكل‬ Heiress ‫وريثة‬ Shepherd ‫راعي‬ Honesty ‫األمانة‬
LETTER/J/
1)pronouncesthissymbolvoiceaswellastheletterwas (y-u):-
Examples letter (y)
Yes Yet Yesterday You Year Beauty
Examples letter (u)
Unit United University Use europe
2)Nopronouncesif it comebeforetheletter (e) in theword(ue);-
Like= technique-cheque
Letter(k)

9. 1)pronouncesas a letter )ْ‫ك‬ ) in Arabic language:-
King Keep Key Like Book look
2) No pronounces if it come befor letter (n):-
knife Knight ‫فارس‬ Knock ‫الباب‬ ‫يقرع‬ Know Knee Kneel
knot knelt knowledge
3)sometimes pronounces letter(q) as a voice (k) in a few words:-
queen quite liquied
Letter(L)
1)pronounces as a letter ‫ل‬) )in the Arabic language;-
clay love fly call well Complain
table Fool fondle film clean incline
2)No pronounces the letter (l) in each of the following sections (alk, alf, alv, alm, olk):
Calves ‫عجول‬ Talk Palm ‫شجرة‬‫النخيل‬ chalk Yolk ‫صفار‬‫البيض‬
Halve ،‫ينصف‬‫يشطر‬ Walk Palmer ‫حاج‬ Half Calf‫عجل‬
) pronounce only one letter like this:-
allballoonbellowsbill
bullcallcellchill
Pronounces as a letter (‫(م‬ in the arabic language:-
ram much simple simmer number
Double(mm)

10. pronounce only one letter (M) like this:-
Like=command Communicate Commercial Dummy
Grammar Commit Common Hammer
Letter(n)
1) Pronounces as a letter (‫(ن‬ in the arabic language:-
Any Run Nut Sand Now
2) No pronouncesif it comes after letter (M):-
Like=Condemn ‫يحكم‬
‫على‬
Autumn ‫الخريف‬ Contemn ‫يحتقر‬ Damn ‫يلعن‬ Column ‫عمود‬
 pronounceonly one letter likethis:-
annoy banned bunny connect
cunning dinner disconnect inner
Letter(p)
1)pronounces at the beginning,the middle and the end of the word:-
Like = Pay Pig Appear Stop Spy Spot
2)No pronounces in a few words:-
Cupboard Chipboard
Double(pp) pronounce only one letter like this:-
appearappleapplyappoint
appreciateapproachdisappearhappen
Letter(q)

11. Q Q Q q Q ‫يعزتل‬ Q Q ‫متاما‬ Q ‫يطلب‬
Letter (r)
1)pronounces as letter (‫ر‬ )if it follow the letter to one of vowels or letter (y):-
Rub Travel Dream Pray Tray Tree Sorry Orange
2)No pronounces if it follow the letter to one consonants:-
= party Verb Birth Girl Thursday Satarday
3)No pronounces if it come at the end of the word:-
= teacher Car Sir Dear Hair
4)pronounces if it come letter ( r) at the end of the word then vowel:- (like = after awhile)
5)No pronounces if it come letter ( r) at the end of the word then consonant:-( like = for good)
Double (rr) pronounce only one letter like this:-
arriveborrowcarriagecarrot
carrycorrectcurrentembarrass
(‫)س‬
s
s s S S s s
 (s) (p/t/k/f)
ts ks ks ps ps ps
t s ts ghs ts ps ks
s ‫ساكن‬‫يرة‬‫ز‬‫اجل‬Island ‫يرة‬‫ز‬‫ج‬

12. s ‫املمر‬Isle ‫يرة‬‫ز‬‫ج‬‫صغرية‬
(z) (B, D, G, L, M, N, R,
V):-
bs gs ds ns rs
b s ls ls ns v s
ds gs ms ns v s
ds gs m s rs bs
We may find some of the words in the letter (e)
separates the letter (S) one of the letters and the
previous rule, as in the following words:-
‫قد‬‫جند‬‫يف‬‫بعض‬‫اللكامت‬‫احلرف‬E‫يفصل‬‫بني‬‫احلرف‬S‫حد‬‫أ‬‫و‬
‫حروف‬‫القاعدة‬‫السابقة‬‫كام‬‫يف‬‫اللكامت‬‫التالية‬:
Name NamesTube Tubes ‫انبيب‬‫أ‬
It should be noted that the existence of the letter (E) does not affect the previous rule and the reason that
the letter (e) is not pronounced as we shall see in the rules of vowels. Thus pronounces the letter (S) as
letter (Z)
‫جيب‬‫العمل‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫وجود‬‫احلرف‬((E‫ال‬‫ثر‬‫ؤ‬‫ي‬‫عىل‬‫القاعدة‬‫السابقة‬‫السبب‬‫و‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫احلرف‬(E)‫ال‬‫يلفظ‬‫كام‬‫سرنى‬‫يف‬‫اعد‬‫و‬‫ق‬‫حرف‬‫ال‬‫تية‬‫و‬‫الص‬.‫وابلتايل‬
‫يلفظ‬‫احلرف‬S‫لكفظ‬‫احلرف‬((Z
(y) (y) (i) (ES )
(s) (z)
Like this = City Cities y ies
y ies y ies y ies
s s s ch s
s s sh s x
(s) (z) (s) (y) on
sy sy sy son son son son son

13. (s) (z)
S
possessive pronouns reflective pronouns
s s
s s
s s
s s
s s
(S) ( Z)
(E) (s)
S.
(S((Z(E)
(S)
s s s s
s s s s
( S)
s s s
(S)
Like s s s s s s
ss ss ss ss ss
ss ss ss ss ss
Letter(t)
1)pronounces letter (t) as a letter (‫(ت‬ in the arabic languge:-

14. Like=tall Ticket Italian Towel Time Tag Cat
Sit Might Chat Mat Fat Tea Rabbit
2)No pronounces theletter (T) in each of thefollowing compositions(ften,sten, stle):-
Listen Moisten ‫يرطب‬ Castle Nestle ‫يحتضن‬ Often
Hasten ‫الع‬ ‫عىل‬ ‫حيثه‬‫جةل‬ Soften ‫يلني‬ Softener ‫ملين‬ Chasten ‫يعاقب‬ Fasten ،‫يربط‬‫يثبت‬
3)No pronounces if it comes before letters(ch):-
Watch Match Switch Butcher
4)In mid-sentence and between two letters pronounce vowels like a quick letter( D):-
Like this:-
better water city
pronounces
bedder wader cidy
 Also If the letter (T) end of the first word, the second word beginning vowel
symbols mean before and after the letter (T) we have two letters:-
 what are?
 what a beautiful morning?
pronounces  whaddare?
 whadda beaudiful day?
American English Pronunciation: The Sounds of (T)
Say "time" ,"dime"and "nine". Notice how (T,D, and N) are madewith thetonguein thesame
placeinsidethemouth . Thiswill help you understandtherules below.
T Rule Rule Notes on Rule Examples

15. (T = T)
The regular T sound is
almost always used
when "t" is the first
letter of a word.
(ST or TS) always keep the regular
(T) sound as well.
table, tall, test, best
all first letter T's
(T = D)
Between
Vowel
Sounds
When T is between two
vowel sounds (A,E,I,O,U)
or between a vowel and
(L or R) (these letters are
called semi-vowels to
linguists),
it becomes a (D)
sound. In phonetics, this
sound is called
a "flap", which means
the tongue touches the
roof of the mouth
quickly
It should be a soft, light
sound. This is the key difference
between British and American
speech. This rule is widely
applicable—
you may find a few exceptions, but
you will be more surprised by
how well the rule works
Practice with:
computer, water, bottle,
heater, better, matter, ability,
university, put it on,
great idea
Say: compuder, wader, bodul,
header, beder, mader, abilidy,
universidy, pudidon,
gread'idea
T = Silence
When after
N
When T comes after N,
the T sound is dropped
in many words.
This rule is not as
important, as it's
informal.
It is mostly used when
people speak quickly,
but it's good
to be able to listen for
this change.
It is also good to remember
not to pronounce a strong (T) at
the middle or end of a word.
When not at the beginning or
stressed, a (T) should be fast and
soft
or barely heard at all.
Practice with:
interview, interstate,
international, wanted, don't
know, printer, enter, twenty
Say: inerview, inerstate,
inernational, wanned,
don'know, priner, ener, tweny
T = Hard N
When
before N
When T is before an N,
the sound is stopped and
turns into a hard N.
The final N should be
strong. This sound is
more difficult.
It may be best to listen for it for a
while and then start trying to use
it.
Practice with:
mountain, fountain, curtain,
written, forgotten, important,
sentence
Say: mou-N, fou-N, cur-N, wri-
N, forgo-N, impor-Nt, sen-Nce
T
= Stopped
Sound
When T is at the end of a
word (and this is not
followed by a vowel), the
sound stops.
To say this correctly,
emphasize the preceding
vowel, put
your tongue into place
and simply stop the
sound.
This one too can be difficult to
master, so listen for it first,
especially when people say "It's
hot!" or "That's that."
hot, hat, mat, fat, lot, rat, pat,
foot, want, sit, sat, fit, bat, pot
This (T = D) rule applies also when (T) is at the end of a word and the word is followed by a vowel sound,
such as "put it on." This phrase would read "pudidon." This is very common in expressions that use

16. "what" and "that," as in "what a good idea" or "wada good idea". Remember: this is only true for vowel
sounds. If the vowel is silent, the rule does not work. Note the word "write." The E is silent, so the T is
not a D sound. This rule does not apply when the middle T sound is stressed, such as "Italian".
Letter (w)
1) Not pronouncesthe letter (W ) if it cameon the first wordand beyond theletter (R):-
Wrong Wring Wrist Writer
Write Wrap Wreak ‫ل‬ ‫ينتقم‬ Wriggle ‫متلص‬‫ي‬
2) Not pronouncestheletter(W) if the beginning of a Word andafterinstallation the literal (ho):-
Who ‫اذلي‬ ،‫من؟‬ Whoever ‫اكن‬ ‫اي‬‫أ‬ Whole ‫لك‬ Wholly ‫لكي‬ Wholesale ‫ابمجل‬ ‫البيع‬‫ةل‬
3) Keywords atypical(‫شاذة‬‫(لكامت‬ pronouncestheletter(W )and pronouncestheletter (H )
Whop ‫هيزم‬ Whorl ‫املغزل‬
4) If after installationcraftsman(wh) oneof thefollowingcharacters: (A,E, I, Y), the letter
(H) does not voice :-
‫ال‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫جاء‬ ‫ذا‬‫ا‬‫احلريف‬ ‫كيب‬‫رت‬wh‫التالية‬ ‫حرف‬‫ال‬ ‫حد‬‫أ‬(A, E, I, Y)‫احلرف‬ ‫ن‬‫فا‬H‫يلفظ‬ ‫ال‬
WhatWhichWhale ‫حوت‬
WhileWhatever ‫مهما‬‫يكن‬
Whip ‫سوط‬When
Whisper ‫يهمس‬Wheat ‫قمح‬
WhiteWheel
WhyWhere
Letter(x)

17. 1) pronounces as a letter (z ) if it comes at the beginning of the word ;-
Xylography‫فن‬‫النقش‬‫عىل‬‫اخلشب‬Xylophone
2) If(X ) is the second letter in the word and after (A) letter, that letter (X)pronounces (egz):-
Exam Exactly Example Exaggerate ‫يبالغ‬ Exact ‫دقيق‬
3) If(X) is the second letter in the word and after one of the remaining letters, the letter(X)pronounces
(eks):-
Excellent Except Excel ‫يتفوق‬‫يف‬ Execute ‫ينفذ‬ Excite ‫يثري‬
Letter (y)
1. If the letter (Y) in another name or capacity, and preceded by a consonant it pronounces the Word as the
letter (e) in the English alphabet.
‫احلرف‬ ‫اكن‬ ‫ذا‬‫ا‬Y‫احلرف‬ ‫لكفظ‬ ‫يلفظ‬ ‫نه‬‫فا‬ ‫ساكن‬ ‫حرف‬ ‫بقه‬‫يس‬‫و‬ ‫الصفة‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫الامس‬ ‫خر‬‫أ‬ ‫يف‬E.‫ية‬‫زي‬‫الانلك‬ ‫جبدية‬‫ال‬ ‫يف‬
Salty ‫ماحل‬Foggy ‫ضبايب‬BabyLorry
CountryGrocery ‫البقاةل‬ ،‫بقالية‬Navy ‫حبري‬ ‫سطول‬‫أ‬Haughty ‫متعجرف‬ ،‫متكرب‬
2. the letter Y as voices sounding the letter I in the English alphabet, if the last character in the acts or the
second letter in the word and before and after a consonant :-
((Y((I
)Letter ( z
(‫)ز‬
Zoo Zero Zebra